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-rw-r--r--frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument.c61
-rw-r--r--frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_arm32.c20
-rw-r--r--frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_arm64.c5
-rw-r--r--frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_coverage.c123
-rw-r--r--frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_debug.c32
-rw-r--r--frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_x64.c427
-rw-r--r--frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_x86.c208
7 files changed, 679 insertions, 197 deletions
diff --git a/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument.c b/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument.c
index fd0982f8..8ee21f5b 100644
--- a/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument.c
+++ b/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument.c
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include "frida-gumjs.h"
 
 #include "config.h"
-#include "debug.h"
 #include "hash.h"
 
 #include "asan.h"
@@ -69,7 +68,8 @@ guint64 instrument_get_offset_hash(GumAddress current_rip) {
 
   guint64 area_offset = hash64((unsigned char *)&current_rip,
                                sizeof(GumAddress), instrument_hash_seed);
-  return area_offset &= MAP_SIZE - 1;
+  gsize   map_size_pow2 = util_log2(__afl_map_size);
+  return area_offset &= ((1 << map_size_pow2) - 1);
 
 }
 
@@ -135,8 +135,8 @@ __attribute__((hot)) static void on_basic_block(GumCpuContext *context,
   previous_rip = current_rip;
   previous_end = current_end;
 
-  instrument_previous_pc = ((current_pc & (MAP_SIZE - 1) >> 1)) |
-                           ((current_pc & 0x1) << (MAP_SIZE_POW2 - 1));
+  gsize map_size_pow2 = util_log2(__afl_map_size);
+  instrument_previous_pc = util_rotate(current_pc, 1, map_size_pow2);
 
 }
 
@@ -193,7 +193,20 @@ static void instrument_basic_block(GumStalkerIterator *iterator,
       instrument_debug_start(instr->address, output);
       instrument_coverage_start(instr->address);
 
+#if defined(__arm__)
+      if (output->encoding == GUM_INSTRUCTION_SPECIAL) {
+
+        prefetch_write(GSIZE_TO_POINTER(instr->address + 1));
+
+      } else {
+
+        prefetch_write(GSIZE_TO_POINTER(instr->address));
+
+      }
+
+#else
       prefetch_write(GSIZE_TO_POINTER(instr->address));
+#endif
 
       if (likely(!excluded)) {
 
@@ -213,7 +226,7 @@ static void instrument_basic_block(GumStalkerIterator *iterator,
 
     }
 
-    instrument_debug_instruction(instr->address, instr->size);
+    instrument_debug_instruction(instr->address, instr->size, output);
 
     if (likely(!excluded)) {
 
@@ -246,7 +259,7 @@ void instrument_config(void) {
   instrument_tracing = (getenv("AFL_FRIDA_INST_TRACE") != NULL);
   instrument_unique = (getenv("AFL_FRIDA_INST_TRACE_UNIQUE") != NULL);
   instrument_use_fixed_seed = (getenv("AFL_FRIDA_INST_SEED") != NULL);
-  instrument_fixed_seed = util_read_num("AFL_FRIDA_INST_SEED");
+  instrument_fixed_seed = util_read_num("AFL_FRIDA_INST_SEED", 0);
   instrument_coverage_unstable_filename =
       (getenv("AFL_FRIDA_INST_UNSTABLE_COVERAGE_FILE"));
 
@@ -261,14 +274,14 @@ void instrument_init(void) {
 
   if (!instrument_is_coverage_optimize_supported()) instrument_optimize = false;
 
-  OKF("Instrumentation - optimize [%c]", instrument_optimize ? 'X' : ' ');
-  OKF("Instrumentation - tracing [%c]", instrument_tracing ? 'X' : ' ');
-  OKF("Instrumentation - unique [%c]", instrument_unique ? 'X' : ' ');
-  OKF("Instrumentation - fixed seed [%c] [0x%016" G_GINT64_MODIFIER "x]",
-      instrument_use_fixed_seed ? 'X' : ' ', instrument_fixed_seed);
-  OKF("Instrumentation - unstable coverage [%c] [%s]",
-      instrument_coverage_unstable_filename == NULL ? ' ' : 'X',
-      instrument_coverage_unstable_filename);
+  FOKF("Instrumentation - optimize [%c]", instrument_optimize ? 'X' : ' ');
+  FOKF("Instrumentation - tracing [%c]", instrument_tracing ? 'X' : ' ');
+  FOKF("Instrumentation - unique [%c]", instrument_unique ? 'X' : ' ');
+  FOKF("Instrumentation - fixed seed [%c] [0x%016" G_GINT64_MODIFIER "x]",
+       instrument_use_fixed_seed ? 'X' : ' ', instrument_fixed_seed);
+  FOKF("Instrumentation - unstable coverage [%c] [%s]",
+       instrument_coverage_unstable_filename == NULL ? ' ' : 'X',
+       instrument_coverage_unstable_filename);
 
   if (instrument_tracing && instrument_optimize) {
 
@@ -304,7 +317,8 @@ void instrument_init(void) {
 
   if (instrument_unique) {
 
-    int shm_id = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, MAP_SIZE, IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL | 0600);
+    int shm_id =
+        shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, __afl_map_size, IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL | 0600);
     if (shm_id < 0) { FATAL("shm_id < 0 - errno: %d\n", errno); }
 
     edges_notified = shmat(shm_id, NULL, 0);
@@ -321,7 +335,7 @@ void instrument_init(void) {
     }
 
     /* Clear it, not sure it's necessary, just seems like good practice */
-    memset(edges_notified, '\0', MAP_SIZE);
+    memset(edges_notified, '\0', __afl_map_size);
 
   }
 
@@ -341,15 +355,22 @@ void instrument_init(void) {
      * parallel fuzzing. The seed itself, doesn't have to be random, it
      * just needs to be different for each instance.
      */
-    instrument_hash_seed = g_get_monotonic_time() ^
-                           (((guint64)getpid()) << 32) ^ syscall(SYS_gettid);
+    guint64 tid;
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+    pthread_threadid_np(NULL, &tid);
+#else
+    tid = syscall(SYS_gettid);
+#endif
+    instrument_hash_seed =
+        g_get_monotonic_time() ^ (((guint64)getpid()) << 32) ^ tid;
 
   }
 
-  OKF("Instrumentation - seed [0x%016" G_GINT64_MODIFIER "x]",
-      instrument_hash_seed);
+  FOKF("Instrumentation - seed [0x%016" G_GINT64_MODIFIER "x]",
+       instrument_hash_seed);
   instrument_hash_zero = instrument_get_offset_hash(0);
 
+  instrument_coverage_optimize_init();
   instrument_debug_init();
   instrument_coverage_init();
   asan_init();
diff --git a/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_arm32.c b/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_arm32.c
index 0e15940a..16e8eaab 100644
--- a/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_arm32.c
+++ b/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_arm32.c
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #include "frida-gumjs.h"
 
-#include "debug.h"
-
 #include "instrument.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
@@ -18,13 +16,27 @@ void instrument_coverage_optimize(const cs_insn *   instr,
 
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(instr);
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(output);
-  FATAL("Optimized coverage not supported on this architecture");
+  FFATAL("Optimized coverage not supported on this architecture");
+
+}
+
+void instrument_coverage_optimize_init(void) {
+
+  FWARNF("Optimized coverage not supported on this architecture");
 
 }
 
 void instrument_flush(GumStalkerOutput *output) {
 
-  gum_arm_writer_flush(output->writer.arm);
+  if (output->encoding == GUM_INSTRUCTION_SPECIAL) {
+
+    gum_thumb_writer_flush(output->writer.thumb);
+
+  } else {
+
+    gum_arm_writer_flush(output->writer.arm);
+
+  }
 
 }
 
diff --git a/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_arm64.c b/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_arm64.c
index cf37e048..0f635458 100644
--- a/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_arm64.c
+++ b/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_arm64.c
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include "frida-gumjs.h"
 
 #include "config.h"
-#include "debug.h"
 
 #include "instrument.h"
 
@@ -95,6 +94,10 @@ void instrument_coverage_optimize(const cs_insn *   instr,
 
 }
 
+void instrument_coverage_optimize_init(void) {
+
+}
+
 void instrument_flush(GumStalkerOutput *output) {
 
   gum_arm64_writer_flush(output->writer.arm64);
diff --git a/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_coverage.c b/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_coverage.c
index 46c816bc..c1984eb2 100644
--- a/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_coverage.c
+++ b/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_coverage.c
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 
 #include "frida-gumjs.h"
 
-#include "debug.h"
-
 #include "instrument.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
@@ -239,7 +237,7 @@ static void instrument_coverage_mark(void *key, void *value, void *user_data) {
 
 }
 
-static void coverage_write(void *data, size_t size) {
+static void coverage_write(int fd, void *data, size_t size) {
 
   ssize_t written;
   size_t  remain = size;
@@ -247,11 +245,11 @@ static void coverage_write(void *data, size_t size) {
   for (char *cursor = (char *)data; remain > 0;
        remain -= written, cursor += written) {
 
-    written = write(normal_coverage_fd, cursor, remain);
+    written = write(fd, cursor, remain);
 
     if (written < 0) {
 
-      FATAL("Coverage - Failed to write: %s (%d)\n", (char *)data, errno);
+      FFATAL("Coverage - Failed to write: %s (%d)\n", (char *)data, errno);
 
     }
 
@@ -259,7 +257,7 @@ static void coverage_write(void *data, size_t size) {
 
 }
 
-static void coverage_format(char *format, ...) {
+static void coverage_format(int fd, char *format, ...) {
 
   va_list ap;
   char    buffer[4096] = {0};
@@ -274,11 +272,11 @@ static void coverage_format(char *format, ...) {
 
   len = strnlen(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
 
-  coverage_write(buffer, len);
+  coverage_write(fd, buffer, len);
 
 }
 
-static void coverage_write_modules(GArray *coverage_modules) {
+static void coverage_write_modules(int fd, GArray *coverage_modules) {
 
   guint emitted = 0;
   for (guint i = 0; i < coverage_modules->len; i++) {
@@ -287,16 +285,16 @@ static void coverage_write_modules(GArray *coverage_modules) {
         &g_array_index(coverage_modules, coverage_range_t, i);
     if (module->count == 0) continue;
 
-    coverage_format("%3u, ", emitted);
-    coverage_format("%016" G_GINT64_MODIFIER "X, ", module->base_address);
-    coverage_format("%016" G_GINT64_MODIFIER "X, ", module->limit);
+    coverage_format(fd, "%3u, ", emitted);
+    coverage_format(fd, "%016" G_GINT64_MODIFIER "X, ", module->base_address);
+    coverage_format(fd, "%016" G_GINT64_MODIFIER "X, ", module->limit);
     /* entry */
-    coverage_format("%016" G_GINT64_MODIFIER "X, ", 0);
+    coverage_format(fd, "%016" G_GINT64_MODIFIER "X, ", 0);
     /* checksum */
-    coverage_format("%016" G_GINT64_MODIFIER "X, ", 0);
+    coverage_format(fd, "%016" G_GINT64_MODIFIER "X, ", 0);
     /* timestamp */
-    coverage_format("%08" G_GINT32_MODIFIER "X, ", 0);
-    coverage_format("%s\n", module->path);
+    coverage_format(fd, "%08" G_GINT32_MODIFIER "X, ", 0);
+    coverage_format(fd, "%s\n", module->path);
     emitted++;
 
   }
@@ -306,7 +304,7 @@ static void coverage_write_modules(GArray *coverage_modules) {
 static void coverage_write_events(void *key, void *value, void *user_data) {
 
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(key);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(user_data);
+  int                     fd = *((int *)user_data);
   normal_coverage_data_t *val = (normal_coverage_data_t *)value;
 
   if (val->module == NULL) { return; }
@@ -319,20 +317,20 @@ static void coverage_write_events(void *key, void *value, void *user_data) {
 
   };
 
-  coverage_write(&evt, sizeof(coverage_event_t));
+  coverage_write(fd, &evt, sizeof(coverage_event_t));
 
 }
 
-static void coverage_write_header(guint coverage_marked_modules) {
+static void coverage_write_header(int fd, guint coverage_marked_modules) {
 
   char version[] = "DRCOV VERSION: 2\n";
   char flavour[] = "DRCOV FLAVOR: frida\n";
   char columns[] = "Columns: id, base, end, entry, checksum, timestamp, path\n";
-  coverage_write(version, sizeof(version) - 1);
-  coverage_write(flavour, sizeof(flavour) - 1);
-  coverage_format("Module Table: version 2, count %u\n",
+  coverage_write(fd, version, sizeof(version) - 1);
+  coverage_write(fd, flavour, sizeof(flavour) - 1);
+  coverage_format(fd, "Module Table: version 2, count %u\n",
                   coverage_marked_modules);
-  coverage_write(columns, sizeof(columns) - 1);
+  coverage_write(fd, columns, sizeof(columns) - 1);
 
 }
 
@@ -371,7 +369,7 @@ static void instrument_coverage_normal_run() {
 
   if (close(normal_coverage_pipes[STDOUT_FILENO]) != 0) {
 
-    FATAL("Failed to close parent read pipe");
+    FFATAL("Failed to close parent read pipe");
 
   }
 
@@ -379,7 +377,7 @@ static void instrument_coverage_normal_run() {
       g_hash_table_new_full(g_direct_hash, g_direct_equal, NULL, g_free);
   if (coverage_hash == NULL) {
 
-    FATAL("Failed to g_hash_table_new, errno: %d", errno);
+    FFATAL("Failed to g_hash_table_new, errno: %d", errno);
 
   }
 
@@ -396,7 +394,7 @@ static void instrument_coverage_normal_run() {
 
   }
 
-  if (bytes != 0) { FATAL("Coverage data truncated"); }
+  if (bytes != 0) { FFATAL("Coverage data truncated"); }
 
   instrument_coverage_print("Coverage - Preparing\n");
 
@@ -414,10 +412,11 @@ static void instrument_coverage_normal_run() {
   instrument_coverage_print("Coverage - Marked Modules: %u\n",
                             coverage_marked_modules);
 
-  coverage_write_header(coverage_marked_modules);
-  coverage_write_modules(coverage_modules);
-  coverage_format("BB Table: %u bbs\n", ctx.count);
-  g_hash_table_foreach(coverage_hash, coverage_write_events, NULL);
+  coverage_write_header(normal_coverage_fd, coverage_marked_modules);
+  coverage_write_modules(normal_coverage_fd, coverage_modules);
+  coverage_format(normal_coverage_fd, "BB Table: %u bbs\n", ctx.count);
+  g_hash_table_foreach(coverage_hash, coverage_write_events,
+                       &normal_coverage_fd);
 
   g_hash_table_unref(coverage_hash);
 
@@ -435,7 +434,7 @@ static GArray *instrument_coverage_unstable_read_unstable_ids(void) {
   if (!g_file_get_contents(unstable_coverage_fuzzer_stats, &contents, &length,
                            NULL)) {
 
-    FATAL("Failed to read fuzzer_stats");
+    FFATAL("Failed to read fuzzer_stats");
 
   }
 
@@ -526,7 +525,7 @@ static GHashTable *instrument_collect_unstable_blocks(
     GHashTable *child =
         (GHashTable *)g_hash_table_lookup(unstable_coverage_hash, *id);
 
-    if (child == NULL) { FATAL("Failed to find edge ID"); }
+    if (child == NULL) { FFATAL("Failed to find edge ID"); }
 
     GHashTableIter iter = {0};
     gpointer       value;
@@ -565,7 +564,7 @@ static void instrument_coverage_unstable_run(void) {
 
   if (close(unstable_coverage_pipes[STDOUT_FILENO]) != 0) {
 
-    FATAL("Failed to close parent read pipe");
+    FFATAL("Failed to close parent read pipe");
 
   }
 
@@ -573,7 +572,7 @@ static void instrument_coverage_unstable_run(void) {
       g_direct_hash, g_direct_equal, NULL, (GDestroyNotify)g_hash_table_unref);
   if (unstable_coverage_hash == NULL) {
 
-    FATAL("Failed to g_hash_table_new, errno: %d", errno);
+    FFATAL("Failed to g_hash_table_new, errno: %d", errno);
 
   }
 
@@ -599,7 +598,7 @@ static void instrument_coverage_unstable_run(void) {
       if (!g_hash_table_insert(unstable_coverage_hash,
                                GSIZE_TO_POINTER(value->edge), hash_value)) {
 
-        FATAL("Entry already in hashtable");
+        FFATAL("Entry already in hashtable");
 
       }
 
@@ -613,7 +612,7 @@ static void instrument_coverage_unstable_run(void) {
 
   }
 
-  if (bytes != 0) { FATAL("Unstable coverage data truncated"); }
+  if (bytes != 0) { FFATAL("Unstable coverage data truncated"); }
 
   instrument_coverage_print("Coverage - Preparing\n");
 
@@ -638,10 +637,11 @@ static void instrument_coverage_unstable_run(void) {
   instrument_coverage_print("Coverage - Marked Modules: %u\n",
                             coverage_marked_modules);
 
-  coverage_write_header(coverage_marked_modules);
-  coverage_write_modules(coverage_modules);
-  coverage_format("BB Table: %u bbs\n", ctx.count);
-  g_hash_table_foreach(unstable_blocks, coverage_write_events, NULL);
+  coverage_write_header(unstable_coverage_fd, coverage_marked_modules);
+  coverage_write_modules(unstable_coverage_fd, coverage_modules);
+  coverage_format(unstable_coverage_fd, "BB Table: %u bbs\n", ctx.count);
+  g_hash_table_foreach(unstable_blocks, coverage_write_events,
+                       &unstable_coverage_fd);
 
   g_hash_table_unref(unstable_blocks);
   g_array_free(unstable_edge_ids, TRUE);
@@ -659,33 +659,33 @@ void instrument_coverage_config(void) {
 
 void instrument_coverage_normal_init(void) {
 
-  OKF("Coverage - enabled [%c]",
-      instrument_coverage_filename == NULL ? ' ' : 'X');
+  FOKF("Coverage - enabled [%c]",
+       instrument_coverage_filename == NULL ? ' ' : 'X');
 
   if (instrument_coverage_filename == NULL) { return; }
 
-  OKF("Coverage - file [%s]", instrument_coverage_filename);
+  FOKF("Coverage - file [%s]", instrument_coverage_filename);
 
   char *path = g_canonicalize_filename(instrument_coverage_filename,
                                        g_get_current_dir());
 
-  OKF("Coverage - path [%s]", path);
+  FOKF("Coverage - path [%s]", path);
 
   normal_coverage_fd = open(path, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC,
                             S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP);
 
   if (normal_coverage_fd < 0) {
 
-    FATAL("Failed to open coverage file '%s'", path);
+    FFATAL("Failed to open coverage file '%s'", path);
 
   }
 
   g_free(path);
 
-  if (pipe(normal_coverage_pipes) != 0) { FATAL("Failed to create pipes"); }
+  if (pipe(normal_coverage_pipes) != 0) { FFATAL("Failed to create pipes"); }
 
   pid_t pid = fork();
-  if (pid == -1) { FATAL("Failed to start coverage process"); }
+  if (pid == -1) { FFATAL("Failed to start coverage process"); }
 
   if (pid == 0) {
 
@@ -697,13 +697,13 @@ void instrument_coverage_normal_init(void) {
 
   if (close(normal_coverage_fd) < 0) {
 
-    FATAL("Failed to close coverage output file");
+    FFATAL("Failed to close coverage output file");
 
   }
 
   if (close(normal_coverage_pipes[STDIN_FILENO]) != 0) {
 
-    FATAL("Failed to close parent read pipe");
+    FFATAL("Failed to close parent read pipe");
 
   }
 
@@ -711,15 +711,14 @@ void instrument_coverage_normal_init(void) {
 
 void instrument_coverage_unstable_find_output(void) {
 
-  pid_t  parent = getpid();
   gchar *fds_name = g_strdup_printf("/proc/%d/fd/", getppid());
 
   gchar *root = g_file_read_link("/proc/self/root", NULL);
-  if (root == NULL) { FATAL("Failed to read link"); }
+  if (root == NULL) { FFATAL("Failed to read link"); }
 
   GDir *dir = g_dir_open(fds_name, 0, NULL);
 
-  OKF("Coverage Unstable - fds: %s", fds_name);
+  FOKF("Coverage Unstable - fds: %s", fds_name);
 
   for (const gchar *filename = g_dir_read_name(dir); filename != NULL;
        filename = g_dir_read_name(dir)) {
@@ -727,7 +726,7 @@ void instrument_coverage_unstable_find_output(void) {
     gchar *fullname = g_build_path("/", fds_name, filename, NULL);
 
     gchar *link = g_file_read_link(fullname, NULL);
-    if (link == NULL) { FATAL("Failed to read link: %s", fullname); }
+    if (link == NULL) { FFATAL("Failed to read link: %s", fullname); }
 
     gchar *basename = g_path_get_basename(link);
     if (g_strcmp0(basename, "default") != 0) {
@@ -779,11 +778,11 @@ void instrument_coverage_unstable_find_output(void) {
 
   if (unstable_coverage_fuzzer_stats == NULL) {
 
-    FATAL("Failed to find fuzzer stats");
+    FFATAL("Failed to find fuzzer stats");
 
   }
 
-  OKF("Fuzzer stats: %s", unstable_coverage_fuzzer_stats);
+  FOKF("Fuzzer stats: %s", unstable_coverage_fuzzer_stats);
 
 }
 
@@ -794,14 +793,14 @@ void instrument_coverage_unstable_init(void) {
   char *path = g_canonicalize_filename(instrument_coverage_unstable_filename,
                                        g_get_current_dir());
 
-  OKF("Coverage - unstable path [%s]", instrument_coverage_unstable_filename);
+  FOKF("Coverage - unstable path [%s]", instrument_coverage_unstable_filename);
 
   unstable_coverage_fd = open(path, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC,
                               S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP);
 
   if (unstable_coverage_fd < 0) {
 
-    FATAL("Failed to open unstable coverage file '%s'", path);
+    FFATAL("Failed to open unstable coverage file '%s'", path);
 
   }
 
@@ -811,12 +810,12 @@ void instrument_coverage_unstable_init(void) {
 
   if (pipe(unstable_coverage_pipes) != 0) {
 
-    FATAL("Failed to create unstable pipes");
+    FFATAL("Failed to create unstable pipes");
 
   }
 
   pid_t pid = fork();
-  if (pid == -1) { FATAL("Failed to start coverage process"); }
+  if (pid == -1) { FFATAL("Failed to start coverage process"); }
 
   if (pid == 0) {
 
@@ -828,13 +827,13 @@ void instrument_coverage_unstable_init(void) {
 
   if (close(unstable_coverage_fd) < 0) {
 
-    FATAL("Failed to close unstable coverage output file");
+    FFATAL("Failed to close unstable coverage output file");
 
   }
 
   if (close(unstable_coverage_pipes[STDIN_FILENO]) != 0) {
 
-    FATAL("Failed to close parent read pipe");
+    FFATAL("Failed to close parent read pipe");
 
   }
 
@@ -866,7 +865,7 @@ void instrument_coverage_end(uint64_t address) {
   if (write(normal_coverage_pipes[STDOUT_FILENO], &data,
             sizeof(normal_coverage_data_t)) != sizeof(normal_coverage_data_t)) {
 
-    FATAL("Coverage I/O error");
+    FFATAL("Coverage I/O error");
 
   }
 
@@ -889,7 +888,7 @@ void instrument_coverage_unstable(guint64 edge, guint64 previous_rip,
             sizeof(unstable_coverage_data_t)) !=
       sizeof(unstable_coverage_data_t)) {
 
-    FATAL("Unstable coverage I/O error");
+    FFATAL("Unstable coverage I/O error");
 
   }
 
diff --git a/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_debug.c b/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_debug.c
index b8cca634..9c95857f 100644
--- a/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_debug.c
+++ b/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_debug.c
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 
 #include "frida-gumjs.h"
 
-#include "debug.h"
-
 #include "instrument.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
@@ -34,18 +32,27 @@ static void instrument_debug(char *format, ...) {
 
 }
 
-static void instrument_disasm(guint8 *start, guint8 *end) {
+static void instrument_disasm(guint8 *start, guint8 *end,
+                              GumStalkerOutput *output) {
 
   csh      capstone;
   cs_err   err;
+  cs_mode  mode;
   uint16_t size;
   cs_insn *insn;
   size_t   count = 0;
   size_t   i;
   uint16_t len;
 
+  mode = GUM_DEFAULT_CS_MODE | GUM_DEFAULT_CS_ENDIAN;
+
+#if defined(__arm__)
+  if (output->encoding == GUM_INSTRUCTION_SPECIAL) { mode |= CS_MODE_THUMB; }
+#endif
+
   err = cs_open(GUM_DEFAULT_CS_ARCH,
-                GUM_DEFAULT_CS_MODE | GUM_DEFAULT_CS_ENDIAN, &capstone);
+                CS_MODE_THUMB | GUM_DEFAULT_CS_MODE | GUM_DEFAULT_CS_ENDIAN,
+                &capstone);
   g_assert(err == CS_ERR_OK);
 
   size = GPOINTER_TO_SIZE(end) - GPOINTER_TO_SIZE(start);
@@ -89,24 +96,24 @@ void instrument_debug_config(void) {
 
 void instrument_debug_init(void) {
 
-  OKF("Instrumentation debugging - enabled [%c]",
-      instrument_debug_filename == NULL ? ' ' : 'X');
+  FOKF("Instrumentation debugging - enabled [%c]",
+       instrument_debug_filename == NULL ? ' ' : 'X');
 
   if (instrument_debug_filename == NULL) { return; }
 
-  OKF("Instrumentation debugging - file [%s]", instrument_debug_filename);
+  FOKF("Instrumentation debugging - file [%s]", instrument_debug_filename);
 
   if (instrument_debug_filename == NULL) { return; }
 
   char *path =
       g_canonicalize_filename(instrument_debug_filename, g_get_current_dir());
 
-  OKF("Instrumentation debugging - path [%s]", path);
+  FOKF("Instrumentation debugging - path [%s]", path);
 
   debugging_fd = open(path, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC,
                       S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP);
 
-  if (debugging_fd < 0) { FATAL("Failed to open stats file '%s'", path); }
+  if (debugging_fd < 0) { FFATAL("Failed to open stats file '%s'", path); }
 
   g_free(path);
 
@@ -123,11 +130,12 @@ void instrument_debug_start(uint64_t address, GumStalkerOutput *output) {
 
 }
 
-void instrument_debug_instruction(uint64_t address, uint16_t size) {
+void instrument_debug_instruction(uint64_t address, uint16_t size,
+                                  GumStalkerOutput *output) {
 
   if (likely(debugging_fd < 0)) { return; }
   uint8_t *start = (uint8_t *)GSIZE_TO_POINTER(address);
-  instrument_disasm(start, start + size);
+  instrument_disasm(start, start + size, output);
 
 }
 
@@ -138,7 +146,7 @@ void instrument_debug_end(GumStalkerOutput *output) {
 
   instrument_debug("\nGenerated block %p-%p\n", instrument_gen_start,
                    instrument_gen_end);
-  instrument_disasm(instrument_gen_start, instrument_gen_end);
+  instrument_disasm(instrument_gen_start, instrument_gen_end, output);
 
 }
 
diff --git a/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_x64.c b/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_x64.c
index fec8afbb..41162f2a 100644
--- a/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_x64.c
+++ b/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_x64.c
@@ -1,85 +1,343 @@
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/shm.h>
+
+#if defined(__linux__)
+  #if !defined(__ANDROID__)
+    #include <sys/prctl.h>
+    #include <sys/syscall.h>
+  #else
+    #include <linux/ashmem.h>
+  #endif
+#endif
+
 #include "frida-gumjs.h"
 
 #include "config.h"
 
 #include "instrument.h"
+#include "ranges.h"
+#include "stalker.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__)
 
-static GumAddress current_log_impl = GUM_ADDRESS(0);
+  #ifndef MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE
+    #ifdef MAP_EXCL
+      #define MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE MAP_EXCL | MAP_FIXED
+    #else
+      #define MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE MAP_FIXED
+    #endif
+  #endif
 
-static const guint8 afl_log_code[] = {
+static GHashTable *coverage_blocks = NULL;
 
-    0x9c,                                                         /* pushfq */
-    0x51,                                                       /* push rcx */
-    0x52,                                                       /* push rdx */
+gboolean instrument_is_coverage_optimize_supported(void) {
 
-    0x48, 0x8b, 0x0d, 0x26,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00,                          /* mov rcx, sym.&previous_pc */
-    0x48, 0x8b, 0x11,                               /* mov rdx, qword [rcx] */
-    0x48, 0x31, 0xfa,                                       /* xor rdx, rdi */
+  return true;
 
-    0x48, 0x03, 0x15, 0x11,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00,                     /* add rdx, sym._afl_area_ptr_ptr */
+}
 
-    0x80, 0x02, 0x01,                              /* add byte ptr [rdx], 1 */
-    0x80, 0x12, 0x00,                              /* adc byte ptr [rdx], 0 */
-    0x66, 0xd1, 0xcf,                                          /* ror di, 1 */
-    0x48, 0x89, 0x39,                               /* mov qword [rcx], rdi */
+static gboolean instrument_coverage_in_range(gssize offset) {
 
-    0x5a,                                                        /* pop rdx */
-    0x59,                                                        /* pop rcx */
-    0x9d,                                                          /* popfq */
+  return (offset >= G_MININT32 && offset <= G_MAXINT32);
 
-    0xc3,                                                            /* ret */
+}
 
-    0x90
+  #pragma pack(push, 1)
+typedef struct {
 
-    /* Read-only data goes here: */
-    /* uint8_t* __afl_area_ptr */
-    /* uint64_t* &previous_pc */
+  // cur_location = (block_address >> 4) ^ (block_address << 8);
+  // shared_mem[cur_location ^ prev_location]++;
+  // prev_location = cur_location >> 1;
 
-};
+  //  mov    QWORD PTR [rsp-0x80],rax
+  //  lahf
+  //  mov    QWORD PTR [rsp-0x88],rax
+  //  mov    QWORD PTR [rsp-0x90],rbx
+  //  mov    eax,DWORD PTR [rip+0x333d5a]        # 0x7ffff6ff2740
+  //  mov    DWORD PTR [rip+0x333d3c],0x9fbb        # 0x7ffff6ff2740
+  //  xor    eax,0x103f77
+  //  mov    bl,BYTE PTR [rax]
+  //  add    bl,0x1
+  //  adc    bl,0x0
+  //  mov    BYTE PTR [rax],bl
+  //  mov    rbx,QWORD PTR [rsp-0x90]
+  //  mov    rax,QWORD PTR [rsp-0x88]
+  //  sahf
+  //  mov    rax,QWORD PTR [rsp-0x80]
 
-gboolean instrument_is_coverage_optimize_supported(void) {
+  uint8_t mov_rax_rsp_88[8];
+  uint8_t lahf;
+  uint8_t mov_rax_rsp_90[8];
+  uint8_t mov_rbx_rsp_98[8];
 
-  return true;
+  uint8_t mov_eax_prev_loc[6];
+  uint8_t mov_prev_loc_curr_loc_shr1[10];
+
+  uint8_t xor_eax_curr_loc[5];
+
+  uint8_t mov_rbx_ptr_rax[2];
+  uint8_t add_bl_1[3];
+  uint8_t adc_bl_0[3];
+  uint8_t mov_ptr_rax_rbx[2];
+
+  uint8_t mov_rsp_98_rbx[8];
+  uint8_t mov_rsp_90_rax[8];
+  uint8_t sahf;
+  uint8_t mov_rsp_88_rax[8];
+
+} afl_log_code_asm_t;
+
+  #pragma pack(pop)
+
+typedef union {
+
+  afl_log_code_asm_t code;
+  uint8_t            bytes[0];
+
+} afl_log_code;
+
+static const afl_log_code_asm_t template =
+    {
+
+        .mov_rax_rsp_88 = {0x48, 0x89, 0x84, 0x24, 0x78, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF},
+        .lahf = 0x9f,
+        .mov_rax_rsp_90 = {0x48, 0x89, 0x84, 0x24, 0x70, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF},
+        .mov_rbx_rsp_98 = {0x48, 0x89, 0x9C, 0x24, 0x68, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF},
+
+        .mov_eax_prev_loc = {0x8b, 0x05},
+        .mov_prev_loc_curr_loc_shr1 = {0xc7, 0x05},
+
+        .xor_eax_curr_loc = {0x35},
+        .mov_rbx_ptr_rax = {0x8a, 0x18},
+        .add_bl_1 = {0x80, 0xc3, 0x01},
+        .adc_bl_0 = {0x80, 0xd3, 0x00},
+        .mov_ptr_rax_rbx = {0x88, 0x18},
+
+        .mov_rsp_98_rbx = {0x48, 0x8B, 0x9C, 0x24, 0x68, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF},
+        .mov_rsp_90_rax = {0x48, 0x8B, 0x84, 0x24, 0x70, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF},
+        .sahf = 0x9e,
+        .mov_rsp_88_rax = {0x48, 0x8B, 0x84, 0x24, 0x78, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF},
 
 }
 
-static guint8 align_pad[] = {0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90};
+;
 
-static void instrument_coverate_write_function(GumStalkerOutput *output) {
+static gboolean instrument_coverage_find_low(const GumRangeDetails *details,
+                                             gpointer               user_data) {
 
-  guint64       misalign = 0;
-  GumX86Writer *cw = output->writer.x86;
+  static GumAddress last_limit = (64ULL << 10);
+  gpointer *        address = (gpointer *)user_data;
+
+  if ((details->range->base_address - last_limit) > __afl_map_size) {
+
+    *address = GSIZE_TO_POINTER(last_limit);
+    return FALSE;
+
+  }
+
+  if (details->range->base_address > ((2ULL << 30) - __afl_map_size)) {
+
+    return FALSE;
+
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Align our buffer on a 64k boundary so that the low 16-bits of the address
+   * are zero, then we can just XOR the base address in, when we XOR with the
+   * current block ID.
+   */
+  last_limit = GUM_ALIGN_SIZE(
+      details->range->base_address + details->range->size, (64ULL << 10));
+  return TRUE;
+
+}
+
+static void instrument_coverage_optimize_map_mmap_anon(gpointer address) {
+
+  __afl_area_ptr =
+      mmap(address, __afl_map_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+           MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE | MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
+  if (__afl_area_ptr != address) {
+
+    FATAL("Failed to map mmap __afl_area_ptr: %d", errno);
+
+  }
+
+}
+
+static void instrument_coverage_optimize_map_mmap(char *   shm_file_path,
+                                                  gpointer address) {
+
+  int shm_fd = -1;
+
+  if (munmap(__afl_area_ptr, __afl_map_size) != 0) {
+
+    FATAL("Failed to unmap previous __afl_area_ptr");
+
+  }
+
+  __afl_area_ptr = NULL;
+
+  #if !defined(__ANDROID__)
+  shm_fd = shm_open(shm_file_path, O_RDWR, DEFAULT_PERMISSION);
+  if (shm_fd == -1) { FATAL("shm_open() failed\n"); }
+  #else
+  shm_fd = open("/dev/ashmem", O_RDWR);
+  if (shm_fd == -1) { FATAL("open() failed\n"); }
+  if (ioctl(shm_fd, ASHMEM_SET_NAME, shm_file_path) == -1) {
+
+    FATAL("ioctl(ASHMEM_SET_NAME) failed");
+
+  }
+
+  if (ioctl(shm_fd, ASHMEM_SET_SIZE, __afl_map_size) == -1) {
+
+    FATAL("ioctl(ASHMEM_SET_SIZE) failed");
+
+  }
+
+  #endif
+
+  __afl_area_ptr = mmap(address, __afl_map_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+                        MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE | MAP_SHARED, shm_fd, 0);
+  if (__afl_area_ptr != address) {
+
+    FATAL("Failed to map mmap __afl_area_ptr: %d", errno);
+
+  }
+
+  if (close(shm_fd) != 0) { FATAL("Failed to close shm_fd"); }
+
+}
+
+static void instrument_coverage_optimize_map_shm(guint64  shm_env_val,
+                                                 gpointer address) {
+
+  if (shmdt(__afl_area_ptr) != 0) {
+
+    FATAL("Failed to detach previous __afl_area_ptr");
+
+  }
 
-  if (current_log_impl == 0 ||
-      !gum_x86_writer_can_branch_directly_between(cw->pc, current_log_impl) ||
-      !gum_x86_writer_can_branch_directly_between(cw->pc + 128,
-                                                  current_log_impl)) {
+  __afl_area_ptr = shmat(shm_env_val, address, 0);
+  if (__afl_area_ptr != address) {
 
-    gconstpointer after_log_impl = cw->code + 1;
+    FATAL("Failed to map shm __afl_area_ptr: %d", errno);
 
-    gum_x86_writer_put_jmp_near_label(cw, after_log_impl);
+  }
+
+}
+
+static void instrument_coverage_switch(GumStalkerObserver *self,
+                                       gpointer            start_address,
+                                       const cs_insn *     from_insn,
+                                       gpointer *          target) {
+
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(self);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(start_address);
+
+  cs_x86 *   x86;
+  cs_x86_op *op;
+  if (from_insn == NULL) { return; }
+
+  x86 = &from_insn->detail->x86;
+  op = x86->operands;
+
+  if (!g_hash_table_contains(coverage_blocks, GSIZE_TO_POINTER(*target))) {
+
+    return;
+
+  }
+
+  switch (from_insn->id) {
+
+    case X86_INS_CALL:
+    case X86_INS_JMP:
+      if (x86->op_count != 1) {
+
+        FATAL("Unexpected operand count: %d", x86->op_count);
+
+      }
+
+      if (op[0].type != X86_OP_IMM) { return; }
+
+      break;
+    case X86_INS_RET:
+      break;
+    default:
+      return;
+
+  }
+
+  *target = (guint8 *)*target + sizeof(afl_log_code);
+
+}
+
+void instrument_coverage_optimize_init(void) {
+
+  gpointer low_address = NULL;
+
+  gum_process_enumerate_ranges(GUM_PAGE_NO_ACCESS, instrument_coverage_find_low,
+                               &low_address);
+
+  FOKF("Low address: %p", low_address);
+
+  if (low_address == 0 ||
+      GPOINTER_TO_SIZE(low_address) > ((2UL << 20) - __afl_map_size)) {
+
+    FATAL("Invalid low_address: %p", low_address);
+
+  }
+
+  ranges_print_debug_maps();
+
+  char *shm_env = getenv(SHM_ENV_VAR);
+  FOKF("SHM_ENV_VAR: %s", shm_env);
+
+  if (shm_env == NULL) {
+
+    FWARNF("SHM_ENV_VAR not set, using anonymous map for debugging purposes");
 
-    misalign = (cw->pc & 0x7);
-    if (misalign != 0) {
+    instrument_coverage_optimize_map_mmap_anon(low_address);
 
-      gum_x86_writer_put_bytes(cw, align_pad, 8 - misalign);
+  } else {
+
+    guint64 shm_env_val = g_ascii_strtoull(shm_env, NULL, 10);
+
+    if (shm_env_val == 0) {
+
+      instrument_coverage_optimize_map_mmap(shm_env, low_address);
+
+    } else {
+
+      instrument_coverage_optimize_map_shm(shm_env_val, low_address);
 
     }
 
-    current_log_impl = cw->pc;
-    gum_x86_writer_put_bytes(cw, afl_log_code, sizeof(afl_log_code));
+  }
+
+  FOKF("__afl_area_ptr: %p", __afl_area_ptr);
+  FOKF("instrument_previous_pc: %p", &instrument_previous_pc);
+
+}
 
-    uint64_t *afl_prev_loc_ptr = &instrument_previous_pc;
-    gum_x86_writer_put_bytes(cw, (const guint8 *)&__afl_area_ptr,
-                             sizeof(__afl_area_ptr));
-    gum_x86_writer_put_bytes(cw, (const guint8 *)&afl_prev_loc_ptr,
-                             sizeof(afl_prev_loc_ptr));
+static void instrument_coverage_suppress_init(void) {
 
-    gum_x86_writer_put_label(cw, after_log_impl);
+  static gboolean initialized = false;
+  if (initialized) { return; }
+  initialized = true;
+
+  GumStalkerObserver *         observer = stalker_get_observer();
+  GumStalkerObserverInterface *iface = GUM_STALKER_OBSERVER_GET_IFACE(observer);
+  iface->switch_callback = instrument_coverage_switch;
+
+  coverage_blocks = g_hash_table_new(g_direct_hash, g_direct_equal);
+  if (coverage_blocks == NULL) {
+
+    FATAL("Failed to g_hash_table_new, errno: %d", errno);
 
   }
 
@@ -88,18 +346,73 @@ static void instrument_coverate_write_function(GumStalkerOutput *output) {
 void instrument_coverage_optimize(const cs_insn *   instr,
                                   GumStalkerOutput *output) {
 
+  afl_log_code  code = {0};
   GumX86Writer *cw = output->writer.x86;
   guint64 area_offset = instrument_get_offset_hash(GUM_ADDRESS(instr->address));
-  instrument_coverate_write_function(output);
-
-  gum_x86_writer_put_lea_reg_reg_offset(cw, GUM_REG_RSP, GUM_REG_RSP,
-                                        -GUM_RED_ZONE_SIZE);
-  gum_x86_writer_put_push_reg(cw, GUM_REG_RDI);
-  gum_x86_writer_put_mov_reg_address(cw, GUM_REG_RDI, area_offset);
-  gum_x86_writer_put_call_address(cw, current_log_impl);
-  gum_x86_writer_put_pop_reg(cw, GUM_REG_RDI);
-  gum_x86_writer_put_lea_reg_reg_offset(cw, GUM_REG_RSP, GUM_REG_RSP,
-                                        GUM_RED_ZONE_SIZE);
+  gsize   map_size_pow2;
+  gsize   area_offset_ror;
+  GumAddress code_addr = 0;
+
+  instrument_coverage_suppress_init();
+
+  // gum_x86_writer_put_breakpoint(cw);
+  code_addr = cw->pc;
+  if (!g_hash_table_add(coverage_blocks, GSIZE_TO_POINTER(cw->code))) {
+
+    FATAL("Failed - g_hash_table_add");
+
+  }
+
+  code.code = template;
+
+  gssize curr_loc_shr_1_offset =
+      offsetof(afl_log_code, code.mov_prev_loc_curr_loc_shr1) +
+      sizeof(code.code.mov_prev_loc_curr_loc_shr1) - sizeof(guint32);
+
+  map_size_pow2 = util_log2(__afl_map_size);
+  area_offset_ror = util_rotate(area_offset, 1, map_size_pow2);
+
+  *((guint32 *)&code.bytes[curr_loc_shr_1_offset]) = (guint32)(area_offset_ror);
+
+  gssize prev_loc_value =
+      GPOINTER_TO_SIZE(&instrument_previous_pc) -
+      (code_addr + offsetof(afl_log_code, code.mov_prev_loc_curr_loc_shr1) +
+       sizeof(code.code.mov_prev_loc_curr_loc_shr1));
+  gssize prev_loc_value_offset =
+      offsetof(afl_log_code, code.mov_prev_loc_curr_loc_shr1) +
+      sizeof(code.code.mov_prev_loc_curr_loc_shr1) - sizeof(gint) -
+      sizeof(guint32);
+  if (!instrument_coverage_in_range(prev_loc_value)) {
+
+    FATAL("Patch out of range (current_pc_value1): 0x%016lX", prev_loc_value);
+
+  }
+
+  *((gint *)&code.bytes[prev_loc_value_offset]) = (gint)prev_loc_value;
+
+  gssize prev_loc_value2 =
+      GPOINTER_TO_SIZE(&instrument_previous_pc) -
+      (code_addr + offsetof(afl_log_code, code.mov_eax_prev_loc) +
+       sizeof(code.code.mov_eax_prev_loc));
+  gssize prev_loc_value_offset2 =
+      offsetof(afl_log_code, code.mov_eax_prev_loc) +
+      sizeof(code.code.mov_eax_prev_loc) - sizeof(gint);
+  if (!instrument_coverage_in_range(prev_loc_value)) {
+
+    FATAL("Patch out of range (current_pc_value1): 0x%016lX", prev_loc_value2);
+
+  }
+
+  *((gint *)&code.bytes[prev_loc_value_offset2]) = (gint)prev_loc_value2;
+
+  gssize xor_curr_loc_offset = offsetof(afl_log_code, code.xor_eax_curr_loc) +
+                               sizeof(code.code.xor_eax_curr_loc) -
+                               sizeof(guint32);
+
+  *((guint32 *)&code.bytes[xor_curr_loc_offset]) =
+      (guint32)(GPOINTER_TO_SIZE(__afl_area_ptr) | area_offset);
+
+  gum_x86_writer_put_bytes(cw, code.bytes, sizeof(afl_log_code));
 
 }
 
diff --git a/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_x86.c b/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_x86.c
index 7bf48f96..ad837e2d 100644
--- a/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_x86.c
+++ b/frida_mode/src/instrument/instrument_x86.c
@@ -1,69 +1,144 @@
 #include "frida-gumjs.h"
 
-#include "debug.h"
-
 #include "instrument.h"
+#include "stalker.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 #if defined(__i386__)
 
-static GumAddress current_log_impl = GUM_ADDRESS(0);
+static GHashTable *coverage_blocks = NULL;
+
+  #pragma pack(push, 1)
+typedef struct {
+
+  // cur_location = (block_address >> 4) ^ (block_address << 8);
+  // shared_mem[cur_location ^ prev_location]++;
+  // prev_location = cur_location >> 1;
+
+  uint8_t mov_eax_esp_4[4];
+  uint8_t lahf;
+  uint8_t mov_eax_esp_8[4];
+  uint8_t mov_ebx_esp_c[4];
+
+  uint8_t mov_eax_prev_loc[5];
+  uint8_t mov_prev_loc_curr_loc_shr1[10];
+
+  uint8_t xor_eax_curr_loc[5];
+  uint8_t add_eax_area_ptr[5];
+
+  uint8_t mov_ebx_ptr_eax[2];
+  uint8_t add_bl_1[3];
+  uint8_t adc_bl_0[3];
+  uint8_t mov_ptr_eax_ebx[2];
 
-static void instrument_coverage_function(GumX86Writer *cw) {
+  uint8_t mov_esp_c_ebx[4];
+  uint8_t mov_esp_8_eax[4];
+  uint8_t sahf;
+  uint8_t mov_esp_4_eax[4];
 
-  gum_x86_writer_put_pushfx(cw);
-  gum_x86_writer_put_push_reg(cw, GUM_REG_ECX);
-  gum_x86_writer_put_push_reg(cw, GUM_REG_EDX);
+} afl_log_code_asm_t;
 
-  gum_x86_writer_put_mov_reg_address(cw, GUM_REG_ECX,
-                                     GUM_ADDRESS(&instrument_previous_pc));
-  gum_x86_writer_put_mov_reg_reg_ptr(cw, GUM_REG_EDX, GUM_REG_ECX);
-  gum_x86_writer_put_xor_reg_reg(cw, GUM_REG_EDX, GUM_REG_EDI);
+  #pragma pack(pop)
 
-  gum_x86_writer_put_add_reg_imm(cw, GUM_REG_EDX, GUM_ADDRESS(__afl_area_ptr));
+typedef union {
 
-  /* add byte ptr [edx], 1 */
-  uint8_t add_byte_ptr_edx_1[] = {0x80, 0x02, 0x01};
-  gum_x86_writer_put_bytes(cw, add_byte_ptr_edx_1, sizeof(add_byte_ptr_edx_1));
+  afl_log_code_asm_t code;
+  uint8_t            bytes[0];
 
-  /* adc byte ptr [edx], 0 */
-  uint8_t adc_byte_ptr_edx_0[] = {0x80, 0x12, 0x00};
-  gum_x86_writer_put_bytes(cw, adc_byte_ptr_edx_0, sizeof(adc_byte_ptr_edx_0));
+} afl_log_code;
 
-  uint8_t ror_di_1[] = {0x66, 0xd1, 0xcf};
-  gum_x86_writer_put_bytes(cw, ror_di_1, sizeof(ror_di_1));
-  gum_x86_writer_put_mov_reg_ptr_reg(cw, GUM_REG_ECX, GUM_REG_EDI);
+static const afl_log_code_asm_t template =
+    {
 
-  gum_x86_writer_put_pop_reg(cw, GUM_REG_EDX);
-  gum_x86_writer_put_pop_reg(cw, GUM_REG_ECX);
-  gum_x86_writer_put_popfx(cw);
-  gum_x86_writer_put_ret(cw);
+        .mov_eax_esp_4 = {0x89, 0x44, 0x24, 0xFC},
+        .lahf = 0x9f,
+        .mov_eax_esp_8 = {0x89, 0x44, 0x24, 0xF8},
+        .mov_ebx_esp_c = {0x89, 0x5C, 0x24, 0xF4},
+
+        .mov_eax_prev_loc = {0xA1},
+        .mov_prev_loc_curr_loc_shr1 = {0xc7, 0x05},
+
+        .xor_eax_curr_loc = {0x35},
+        .add_eax_area_ptr = {0x05},
+        .mov_ebx_ptr_eax = {0x8a, 0x18},
+        .add_bl_1 = {0x80, 0xc3, 0x01},
+        .adc_bl_0 = {0x80, 0xd3, 0x00},
+        .mov_ptr_eax_ebx = {0x88, 0x18},
+
+        .mov_esp_c_ebx = {0x8B, 0x5C, 0x24, 0xF4},
+        .mov_esp_8_eax = {0x8B, 0x44, 0x24, 0xF8},
+        .sahf = 0x9e,
+        .mov_esp_4_eax = {0x8B, 0x44, 0x24, 0xFC},
 
 }
 
+;
+
 gboolean instrument_is_coverage_optimize_supported(void) {
 
   return true;
 
 }
 
-static void instrument_coverate_write_function(GumStalkerOutput *output) {
+static void instrument_coverage_switch(GumStalkerObserver *self,
+                                       gpointer            start_address,
+                                       const cs_insn *     from_insn,
+                                       gpointer *          target) {
 
-  GumX86Writer *cw = output->writer.x86;
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(self);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(start_address);
+
+  cs_x86 *   x86;
+  cs_x86_op *op;
+  if (from_insn == NULL) { return; }
+
+  x86 = &from_insn->detail->x86;
+  op = x86->operands;
+
+  if (!g_hash_table_contains(coverage_blocks, GSIZE_TO_POINTER(*target))) {
+
+    return;
+
+  }
+
+  switch (from_insn->id) {
+
+    case X86_INS_CALL:
+    case X86_INS_JMP:
+      if (x86->op_count != 1) {
+
+        FATAL("Unexpected operand count: %d", x86->op_count);
+
+      }
+
+      if (op[0].type != X86_OP_IMM) { return; }
+
+      break;
+    case X86_INS_RET:
+      break;
+    default:
+      return;
+
+  }
+
+  *target = (guint8 *)*target + sizeof(afl_log_code);
+
+}
 
-  if (current_log_impl == 0 ||
-      !gum_x86_writer_can_branch_directly_between(cw->pc, current_log_impl) ||
-      !gum_x86_writer_can_branch_directly_between(cw->pc + 128,
-                                                  current_log_impl)) {
+static void instrument_coverage_suppress_init(void) {
 
-    gconstpointer after_log_impl = cw->code + 1;
+  static gboolean initialized = false;
+  if (initialized) { return; }
+  initialized = true;
 
-    gum_x86_writer_put_jmp_near_label(cw, after_log_impl);
+  GumStalkerObserver *         observer = stalker_get_observer();
+  GumStalkerObserverInterface *iface = GUM_STALKER_OBSERVER_GET_IFACE(observer);
+  iface->switch_callback = instrument_coverage_switch;
 
-    current_log_impl = cw->pc;
-    instrument_coverage_function(cw);
+  coverage_blocks = g_hash_table_new(g_direct_hash, g_direct_equal);
+  if (coverage_blocks == NULL) {
 
-    gum_x86_writer_put_label(cw, after_log_impl);
+    FATAL("Failed to g_hash_table_new, errno: %d", errno);
 
   }
 
@@ -72,14 +147,65 @@ static void instrument_coverate_write_function(GumStalkerOutput *output) {
 void instrument_coverage_optimize(const cs_insn *   instr,
                                   GumStalkerOutput *output) {
 
+  afl_log_code  code = {0};
   GumX86Writer *cw = output->writer.x86;
   guint64 area_offset = instrument_get_offset_hash(GUM_ADDRESS(instr->address));
-  instrument_coverate_write_function(output);
+  gsize   map_size_pow2;
+  gsize   area_offset_ror;
+
+  code.code = template;
+
+  instrument_coverage_suppress_init();
+
+  // gum_x86_writer_put_breakpoint(cw);
+
+  if (!g_hash_table_add(coverage_blocks, GSIZE_TO_POINTER(cw->code))) {
+
+    FATAL("Failed - g_hash_table_add");
+
+  }
+
+  gssize prev_loc_value_offset2 =
+      offsetof(afl_log_code, code.mov_eax_prev_loc) +
+      sizeof(code.code.mov_eax_prev_loc) - sizeof(gint);
+
+  *((gint *)&code.bytes[prev_loc_value_offset2]) =
+      (gint)GPOINTER_TO_SIZE(&instrument_previous_pc);
+
+  gssize curr_loc_shr_1_offset =
+      offsetof(afl_log_code, code.mov_prev_loc_curr_loc_shr1) +
+      sizeof(code.code.mov_prev_loc_curr_loc_shr1) - sizeof(guint32);
+
+  map_size_pow2 = util_log2(__afl_map_size);
+  area_offset_ror = util_rotate(area_offset, 1, map_size_pow2);
+
+  *((guint32 *)&code.bytes[curr_loc_shr_1_offset]) = (guint32)(area_offset_ror);
+
+  gssize prev_loc_value_offset =
+      offsetof(afl_log_code, code.mov_prev_loc_curr_loc_shr1) +
+      sizeof(code.code.mov_prev_loc_curr_loc_shr1) - sizeof(gint) -
+      sizeof(guint32);
+
+  *((gint *)&code.bytes[prev_loc_value_offset]) =
+      (gint)GPOINTER_TO_SIZE(&instrument_previous_pc);
+
+  gssize xor_curr_loc_offset = offsetof(afl_log_code, code.xor_eax_curr_loc) +
+                               sizeof(code.code.xor_eax_curr_loc) -
+                               sizeof(guint32);
+
+  *((guint32 *)&code.bytes[xor_curr_loc_offset]) = (guint32)area_offset;
+
+  gssize add_area_ptr_offset = offsetof(afl_log_code, code.add_eax_area_ptr) +
+                               sizeof(code.code.add_eax_area_ptr) -
+                               sizeof(guint32);
+
+  *((guint32 *)&code.bytes[add_area_ptr_offset]) = (guint32)__afl_area_ptr;
+
+  gum_x86_writer_put_bytes(cw, code.bytes, sizeof(afl_log_code));
+
+}
 
-  gum_x86_writer_put_push_reg(cw, GUM_REG_EDI);
-  gum_x86_writer_put_mov_reg_address(cw, GUM_REG_EDI, area_offset);
-  gum_x86_writer_put_call_address(cw, current_log_impl);
-  gum_x86_writer_put_pop_reg(cw, GUM_REG_EDI);
+void instrument_coverage_optimize_init(void) {
 
 }