From 8a7dfa0972c83fd811a4296e7373574bea4a28d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nguyễn Gia Phong <mcsinyx@disroot.org>
Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2020 20:34:40 +0700
Subject: [usth/ICT2.7] Remove Udacity transcribes

---
 .../1 - Introduction - lang_en.srt                 |   40 -
 .../10 - Software Development - lang_en.srt        |  108 --
 .../11 - Software Process - lang_en.srt            |   96 --
 .../12 - Preliminary Questions - lang_en.srt       |   32 -
 ... - Preliminary Questions Solution - lang_en.srt |   16 -
 .../14 - Preliminary Questions - lang_en.srt       |   24 -
 ... - Preliminary Questions Solution - lang_en.srt |   32 -
 .../16 - Software Phases - lang_en.srt             |  100 --
 .../17 - Tools of the Trade - lang_en.srt          |  160 ---
 ...mportance of Software Engineering - lang_en.srt |  572 ----------
 .../3 - Software Failure Quiz - lang_en.srt        |   32 -
 ... - Software Failure Quiz Solution - lang_en.srt |   48 -
 ...iscipline of Software Engineering - lang_en.srt |   80 --
 .../6 - The Software Crisis - lang_en.srt          |  208 ----
 .../7 - The Software Crisis Quiz - lang_en.srt     |   44 -
 ...The Software Crisis Quiz Solution - lang_en.srt |   52 -
 ...- Evidence of the Software Crisis - lang_en.srt |  116 ---
 ...Introduction with Barry Boehm - lang_en_vs7.srt |  163 ---
 ...re Process Model Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt |   79 --
 .../11 - Waterfall Process - lang_en_vs4.srt       |   95 --
 .../12 - Spiral Process - lang_en_vs4.srt          |  191 ----
 ...lutionary Prototyping Process - lang_en_vs4.srt |  167 ---
 ...lutionary Prototyping Process - lang_pt_vs2.srt |  167 ---
 ...14 - Rational Unified Process - lang_en_vs5.srt |  111 --
 ...14 - Rational Unified Process - lang_pt_vs1.srt |  111 --
 .../15 - Agile Process - lang_en_vs3.srt           |  123 ---
 .../15 - Agile Process - lang_pt_vs1.srt           |  123 ---
 .../16 - Choosing a Model - lang_en_vs4.srt        |  179 ----
 .../17 - Choosing a Model Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt   |   35 -
 ...hoosing a Model Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt |   47 -
 .../19 - Choosing a Model Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt   |   11 -
 ...- Traditional Software Phases - lang_en_vs4.srt |   75 --
 ...hoosing a Model Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   67 --
 .../21 - Lifecycle Documents - lang_en_vs4.srt     |   67 --
 ...22 - Classic Mistakes: People - lang_en_vs4.srt |  163 ---
 ...3 - Classic Mistakes: Process - lang_en_vs4.srt |   79 --
 ...4 - Classic Mistakes: Product - lang_en_vs4.srt |   87 --
 ... Classic Mistakes: Technology - lang_en_vs4.srt |   95 --
 .../26 - Classic Mistakes Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt   |   23 -
 ...lassic Mistakes Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   39 -
 .../3 - Requirements Engineering - lang_en_vs4.srt |  175 ----
 .../4 - Design - lang_en_vs4.srt                   |  103 --
 .../5 - Implementation - lang_en_vs5.srt           |  103 --
 ...6 - Verification & Validation - lang_en_vs4.srt |  123 ---
 .../7 - Maintenance - lang_en_vs5.srt              |  167 ---
 .../8 - Software Phases Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt     |   47 -
 ...Software Phases Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   15 -
 .../1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs5.srt          |   39 -
 .../2 - Eclipse Introduction - lang_en_vs5.srt     |   91 --
 .../3 - IDE Overview - lang_en_vs6.srt             |  143 ---
 .../4 - Plug-Ins - lang_en_vs5.srt                 |   99 --
 ...pse Demo: Create Java Project - lang_en_vs5.srt |  323 ------
 ... Eclipse Demo: Create a Class - lang_en_vs6.srt |  135 ---
 ...lipse Demo: Run Configuration - lang_en_vs6.srt |  115 --
 .../8 - Eclipse Demo: Debugging - lang_en_vs5.srt  |  275 -----
 .../1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs5.srt          |   43 -
 .../10 - Introduction to GIT - lang_en_vs6.srt     |   79 --
 .../11 - Installing GIT - lang_en_vs5.srt          |   63 --
 .../12 - GIT Workflow - lang_en_vs5.srt            |  507 ---------
 .../13 - GIT Demo: Intro to Git - lang_en_vs5.srt  | 1095 --------------------
 .../14 - GIT Demo: Git + Eclipse - lang_en_vs5.srt |  307 ------
 .../15 - GIT Demo: Github - lang_en_vs3.srt        |  239 -----
 .../16 - GIT Recap - lang_en_vs5.srt               |   35 -
 ...GIT Recap: Local Repositories - lang_en_vs5.srt |  163 ---
 ...IT Recap: Remote Repositories - lang_en_vs3.srt |   59 --
 .../19 - GitHub Setup Assignment - lang_en_vs2.srt |   15 -
 .../19 - GitHub Setup Assignment - lang_pt_vs1.srt |   19 -
 ...- Interview with John Britton - lang_en_vs5.srt |  435 --------
 ...n Control System Introduction - lang_en_vs5.srt |  207 ----
 .../4 - VCS Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt                 |   31 -
 .../5 - VCS Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs7.srt        |   11 -
 .../6 - Essential Actions - lang_en_vs5.srt        |   79 --
 .../7 - Example Workflow - lang_en_vs5.srt         |  111 --
 .../8 - \"Don'ts\" in VCS - lang_en_vs5.srt"       |  175 ----
 .../9 - Two Main Types of VCS - lang_en_vs5.srt    |  163 ---
 .../1 - Gathering Requirements - lang_en_vs3.srt   |   63 --
 .../2 - Choosing Good Questions - lang_en_vs3.srt  |   15 -
 ...osing Good Questions Solution - lang_en_vs3.srt |   55 -
 .../4 - Requirements Interview - lang_en_vs3.srt   |  323 ------
 ... Sentence Length Requirements - lang_en_vs3.srt |   83 --
 .../1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt          |   55 -
 .../10 - Completeness Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt       |   15 -
 ... - Completeness Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   23 -
 ... Irrelevant Requirements Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt |   43 -
 ...nt Requirements Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt |   63 --
 .../14 - Best Practices - lang_en_vs5.srt          |   83 --
 .../15 - RE Definition Breakdown - lang_en_vs4.srt |  207 ----
 .../16 - Defining Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt   |  219 ----
 ... - Defining Requirements Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt |   79 --
 ...ng Requirements Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt |  103 --
 ...nd Nonfunctional Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt |  139 ---
 ...rview with Jane Cleland-Huang - lang_en_vs5.srt |  411 --------
 ... User and System Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt |  111 --
 .../21 - Requirements Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt       |   43 -
 ... - Requirements Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   63 --
 .../23 - Requirement Origins - lang_en_vs4.srt     |   71 --
 .../24 - Elicitation Problems - lang_en_vs4.srt    |  179 ----
 .../25 - Traditional Techniques - lang_en_vs5.srt  |  207 ----
 .../26 - Other Techniques - lang_en_vs5.srt        |   71 --
 .../27 - Modeling Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt   |  223 ----
 .../28 - Analyzing Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt  |  155 ---
 ...- Requirements Prioritization - lang_en_vs5.srt |   59 --
 .../3 - General RE Definition - lang_en_vs4.srt    |  103 --
 ...uirements Prioritization Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt |   79 --
 ... Prioritization Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt |  119 ---
 ...uirements Engineering Process - lang_en_vs4.srt |   99 --
 .../33 - SRS - lang_en_vs5.srt                     |  183 ----
 ... - Software Intensive Systems - lang_en_vs5.srt |  111 --
 .../5 - Software Quality - lang_en_vs4.srt         |  111 --
 .../6 - Identifying Purpose - lang_en_vs4.srt      |  107 --
 ...- Completeness and Pertinence - lang_en_vs5.srt |  103 --
 .../8 - Pertinence Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt          |   35 -
 .../9 - Pertinence Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   75 --
 .../1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt          |   35 -
 ...odeling Classes Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   47 -
 ...- Running Example Explanation - lang_en_vs5.srt |  115 --
 ...ural Diagrams:  Class Diagram - lang_en_vs4.srt |   47 -
 .../13 - Class Diagram: Class - lang_en_vs5.srt    |  259 -----
 ...4 - Class Diagram: Attributes - lang_en_vs5.srt |  135 ---
 ...5 - Class Diagram: Operations - lang_en_vs5.srt |  111 --
 ... Class Diagram: Relationships - lang_en_vs5.srt |  111 --
 ...ss Diagram Relationships Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt |   55 -
 ...m Relationships Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt |   23 -
 ...gram: Dependency Relationship - lang_en_vs4.srt |   71 --
 ...ject Orientation Introduction - lang_en_vs5.srt |  187 ----
 ...n & Aggregation Relationships - lang_en_vs5.srt |  219 ----
 ...: Generalization Relationship - lang_en_vs5.srt |   75 --
 ... Class Diagram: Creation Tips - lang_en_vs5.srt |  143 ---
 ...l Diagrams: Component Diagram - lang_en_vs5.srt |  235 -----
 ...ructural Diagrams: Deployment - lang_en_vs4.srt |   95 --
 ...Behavioral Diagrams: Use Case - lang_en_vs5.srt |  111 --
 ...26 - Use Case Diagram: Actors - lang_en_vs5.srt |  167 ---
 ...- Building a Use Case Diagram - lang_en_vs5.srt |  203 ----
 .../28 - Use Case Example - lang_en_vs5.srt        |  243 -----
 .../29 - Role of Use Cases - lang_en_vs5.srt       |  151 ---
 .../3 - Objects and Classes - lang_en_vs5.srt      |   83 --
 ...e Case Diagram: Creation Tips - lang_en_vs5.srt |  127 ---
 ...Behavioral Diagrams: Sequence - lang_en_vs5.srt |  227 ----
 ...ams: State Transition Diagram - lang_en_vs5.srt |  175 ----
 ...te Transition Diagram Example - lang_en_vs5.srt |  227 ----
 .../34 - Recap Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt              |   31 -
 .../35 - Recap Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt     |   47 -
 .../36 - Recap Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt              |   15 -
 .../37 - Recap Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt     |   63 --
 .../4 - Benefits of OO - lang_en_vs5.srt           |   51 -
 .../5 - OO Benefits Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt         |   43 -
 ...6 - OO Benefits Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   71 --
 .../7 - OO Analysis History - lang_en_vs4.srt      |  175 ----
 .../8 - OO Analysis Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt     |  147 ---
 .../9 - Modeling Classes Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt    |   35 -
 .../1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt          |   47 -
 ...ctural Recovery Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   67 --
 .../11 - Real World Example - lang_en_vs6.srt      |  183 ----
 .../12 - More Examples - lang_en_vs6.srt           |  107 --
 .../13 - Final Example - lang_en_vs4.srt           |  127 ---
 ...4 - Architectural Design Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt |   31 -
 ...tectural Design Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |  107 --
 .../16 - Architectural Elements - lang_en_vs5.srt  |  115 --
 ...onnectors, and Configurations - lang_en_vs5.srt |  111 --
 .../18 - Configuration Example - lang_en_vs5.srt   |   75 --
 ...ent Architectural Perspective - lang_en_vs5.srt |  103 --
 ...terview with Nenad Medvidovic - lang_en_vs6.srt |  499 ---------
 .../20 - Architectural Styles - lang_en_vs5.srt    |  111 --
 ...Types of Architectural Styles - lang_en_vs5.srt |  239 -----
 ...2 - Architectural Styles Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt |   27 -
 ...tectural Styles Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt |   79 --
 .../24 - P2P Architectures - lang_en_vs5.srt       |   39 -
 .../25 - Napster Example - lang_en_vs4.srt         |  231 -----
 .../26 - Skype Example - lang_en_vs5.srt           |  287 -----
 .../27 - Takeaway Message - lang_en_vs5.srt        |  131 ---
 ...hat is Software Architecture? - lang_en_vs6.srt |  127 ---
 ...4 - General Definition of SWA - lang_en_vs6.srt |  131 ---
 ...e vs Descriptive Architecture - lang_en_vs5.srt |   51 -
 .../6 - Architectural Evolution - lang_en_vs5.srt  |  115 --
 ...7 - Architectural Degradation - lang_en_vs6.srt |  131 ---
 .../8 - Architectural Recovery - lang_en_vs4.srt   |   67 --
 ...- Architectural Recovery Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt |   35 -
 .../1 - Introduction - lang_en.srt                 |   88 --
 .../10 - Debriefing - lang_en.srt                  |  104 --
 .../2 - Analyzing Requirements - lang_en.srt       |  579 -----------
 ...- Refining Classes and Attributes - lang_en.srt |  535 ----------
 .../4 - Adding Attributes - lang_en.srt            |  352 -------
 .../5 - Identifying Operations - lang_en.srt       |  304 ------
 .../6 - Adding Relationships - lang_en.srt         |  488 ---------
 .../7 - Refining Relationships - lang_en.srt       |  188 ----
 .../8 - Refining the Class Diagram - lang_en.srt   |  328 ------
 .../9 - Final Considerations - lang_en.srt         |  196 ----
 .../1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt          |   31 -
 .../10 - Choosing a Pattern - lang_en_vs5.srt      |   95 --
 .../11 - Choosing a Pattern Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt |   31 -
 ...osing a Pattern Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   79 --
 ...13 - Negative Design Patterns - lang_en_vs4.srt |   51 -
 ... - History of Design Patterns - lang_en_vs6.srt |  179 ----
 .../3 - Patterns Catalogue - lang_en_vs4.srt       |   79 --
 .../4 - Pattern Format - lang_en_vs5.srt           |   71 --
 .../5 - Factory Method Pattern - lang_en_vs5.srt   |  179 ----
 ...actory Method Pattern Example - lang_en_vs5.srt |  127 ---
 .../7 - Strategy Pattern - lang_en_vs5.srt         |  143 ---
 ...rategy Pattern Example & Demo - lang_en_vs5.srt |  511 ---------
 .../9 - Other Common Patterns - lang_en_vs5.srt    |  295 ------
 .../1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt          |   31 -
 ...0 - Iterative and Incremental - lang_en_vs6.srt |  147 ---
 .../11 - Cycle Example - lang_en_vs6.srt           |  147 ---
 .../12 - Phases within a Cycle - lang_en_vs5.srt   |  199 ----
 .../13 - Iterations - lang_en_vs5.srt              |   95 --
 .../14 - Iterative Approach Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt |   43 -
 ...rative Approach Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt |  179 ----
 .../16 - Inception Phase - lang_en_vs4.srt         |  323 ------
 .../17 - Elaboration Phase - lang_en_vs5.srt       |  215 ----
 .../18 - Construction Phase - lang_en_vs5.srt      |  247 -----
 .../19 - Transition Phase - lang_en_vs5.srt        |  231 -----
 .../2 - History of RUP - lang_en_vs6.srt           |  115 --
 .../20 - Phases and Iterations - lang_en_vs4.srt   |  107 --
 .../3 - Key Features of RUP - lang_en_vs6.srt      |  103 --
 .../4 - UML Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt                 |   47 -
 .../5 - UML Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt        |   15 -
 .../6 - UML Quiz - lang_en_vs6.srt                 |   39 -
 .../7 - UML Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs6.srt        |  143 ---
 .../8 - Use Case Driven - lang_en_vs5.srt          |   71 --
 .../9 - Architecture Centric - lang_en_vs5.srt     |  131 ---
 .../1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs5.srt          |   91 --
 .../10 - Verification Approaches - lang_en_vs4.srt |  239 -----
 ...- Pros and Cons of Approaches - lang_en_vs4.srt |  195 ----
 ... Verification Approaches Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt |   47 -
 ...tion Approaches Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   11 -
 .../14 - Testing Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt    |  119 ---
 ... - Testing Granularity Levels - lang_en_vs4.srt |  275 -----
 .../16 - Alpha and Beta Testing - lang_en_vs4.srt  |   95 --
 ...hite Box Testing Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt |  115 --
 ...8 - Black Box Testing Example - lang_en_vs4.srt |  135 ---
 ...9 - White Box Testing Example - lang_en_vs4.srt |  143 ---
 .../2 - Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt             |  103 --
 ...3 - Failure, Fault, and Error - lang_en_vs4.srt |   79 --
 ...ailure, Fault, and Error Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt |   15 -
 ...ault, and Error Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   15 -
 ...ailure, Fault, and Error Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt |   19 -
 ...ault, and Error Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   31 -
 ...ailure, Fault, and Error Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt |   15 -
 ...ault, and Error Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   39 -
 .../1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt          |   47 -
 ... Data Selection Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   79 --
 .../11 - Why Not Random Testing? - lang_en_vs4.srt |  143 ---
 .../12 - Partition Testing - lang_en_vs4.srt       |   67 --
 ...3 - Partition Testing Example - lang_en_vs4.srt |  167 ---
 .../14 - Boundary Values - lang_en_vs4.srt         |   55 -
 .../15 - Boundary Values Example - lang_en_vs4.srt |   99 --
 ...ving Test Case Specifications - lang_en_vs4.srt |  199 ----
 ...7 - Category Partition Method - lang_en_vs4.srt |   99 --
 .../18 - Identify Categories - lang_en_vs4.srt     |  127 ---
 ...ition Categories into Choices - lang_en_vs4.srt |  151 ---
 .../2 - Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt                 |  103 --
 ...ify Constraints Among Choices - lang_en_vs4.srt |  239 -----
 ...uate Test Case Specifications - lang_en_vs4.srt |  111 --
 ...from Test Case Specifications - lang_en_vs4.srt |   91 --
 .../23 - Category Partition Demo - lang_en_vs4.srt |  867 ----------------
 .../24 - Model Based Testing - lang_en_vs4.srt     |   83 --
 .../25 - Finite State Machines - lang_en_vs4.srt   |  103 --
 ...Finite State Machines Example - lang_en_vs4.srt |  251 -----
 ...State Machines Considerations - lang_en_vs4.srt |   99 --
 .../28 - Summary - lang_en_vs4.srt                 |   67 --
 ...c Functional Testing Approach - lang_en_vs4.srt |  179 ----
 .../4 - Overview Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt            |   35 -
 .../5 - Overview Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt   |   15 -
 .../6 - Overview Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt            |   19 -
 .../7 - Overview Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt   |   71 --
 .../8 - Test Data Selection - lang_en_vs4.srt      |  103 --
 .../9 - Test Data Selection Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt |   31 -
 .../1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt          |   47 -
 ...tement Coverage Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs7.srt |   31 -
 .../11 - Control Flow Graphs - lang_en_vs5.srt     |  167 ---
 .../12 - Branch Coverage - lang_en_vs3.srt         |  267 -----
 .../13 - Condition Coverage - lang_en_vs4.srt      |  191 ----
 .../14 - Subsumption Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt        |   31 -
 ...5 - Subsumption Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |    7 -
 ...Branch and Condition Coverage - lang_en_vs4.srt |  143 ---
 .../17 - Subsumption Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt        |   15 -
 ...8 - Subsumption Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   19 -
 ...9 - Test Criteria Subsumption - lang_en_vs4.srt |   47 -
 .../2 - Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt                 |  167 ---
 .../20 - B&C Coverage Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt       |   35 -
 ... - B&C Coverage Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   67 --
 .../22 - MC DC Coverage - lang_en_vs4.srt          |  307 ------
 .../23 - Other Criteria - lang_en_vs4.srt          |  275 -----
 .../24 - Review Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt             |   63 --
 .../25 - Review Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt    |    7 -
 .../26 - Review Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt             |   15 -
 .../27 - Review Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt    |   55 -
 .../28 - Review Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt             |   31 -
 .../29 - Review Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt    |  119 ---
 .../3 - Coverage Criteria Intro - lang_en_vs4.srt  |  171 ---
 .../30 - Summary - lang_en_vs4.srt                 |  127 ---
 ... Coverage Criteria Intro Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt |   39 -
 ... Criteria Intro Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   47 -
 ... Coverage Criteria Intro Quiz - lang_en_vs3.srt |   63 --
 ... Criteria Intro Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   87 --
 .../8 - Statement Coverage - lang_en_vs4.srt       |  291 ------
 .../9 - Statement Coverage Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt  |   15 -
 .../1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt          |   75 --
 .../10 - Refactoring - lang_en_vs4.srt             |  103 --
 .../11 - Pair Programming - lang_en_vs4.srt        |   99 --
 .../12 - Continuous Integration - lang_en_vs4.srt  |  111 --
 .../13 - On Site Customer - lang_en_vs4.srt        |   55 -
 ...14 - Requirements Engineering - lang_en_vs4.srt |  139 ---
 .../15 - Testing Strategy - lang_en_vs4.srt        |  147 ---
 .../16 - Testing Strategy Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt   |   47 -
 ...esting Strategy Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |  127 ---
 .../18 - Scrum Intro - lang_en_vs4.srt             |   99 --
 ...19 - High Level Scrum Process - lang_en_vs4.srt |  215 ----
 .../2 - Cost of Change - lang_en_vs4.srt           |  207 ----
 ... - Agile Software Development - lang_en_vs7.srt |  159 ---
 .../4 - Extreme Programming (XP) - lang_en_vs4.srt |  179 ----
 ...es, Principles, and Practices - lang_en_vs4.srt |  151 ---
 .../6 - Incremental Planning - lang_en_vs4.srt     |   71 --
 .../7 - Small Releases - lang_en_vs4.srt           |   95 --
 .../8 - Simple Design - lang_en_vs4.srt            |   63 --
 .../9 - Test First Development - lang_en_vs4.srt   |   59 --
 .../1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt          |   71 --
 ...nditional Expression Solution - lang_en_vs3.srt |   55 -
 ...1 - Decompose Conditionals - lang_en-us_vs2.srt |  263 -----
 .../11 - Decompose Conditionals - lang_en_vs8.srt  |  263 -----
 .../12 - Extract Class - lang_en_vs4.srt           |   99 --
 .../13 - Inline Class - lang_en_vs4.srt            |   75 --
 .../14 - Extract Method - lang_en_vs4.srt          |  163 ---
 .../15 - Refactoring Demo - lang_en_vs4.srt        |  599 -----------
 ...tract Method Refactoring Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt |   31 -
 ...hod Refactoring Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt |   83 --
 .../18 - Refactoring Risks - lang_en_vs4.srt       |  143 ---
 .../19 - Cost of Refactoring - lang_en_vs4.srt     |  127 ---
 .../2 - Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt             |  127 ---
 .../20 - When Not To Refactor - lang_en_vs4.srt    |  103 --
 .../21 - Bad Smells - lang_en_vs4.srt              |   99 --
 .../22 - Bad Smell Examples - lang_en_vs4.srt      |  263 -----
 .../23 - Bad Smell Quiz - lang_en_vs3.srt          |   31 -
 .../24 - Bad Smell Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs3.srt |   75 --
 .../3 - Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt             |   27 -
 .../4 - Introduction Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt    |   39 -
 .../5 - Reasons to Refactor - lang_en_vs4.srt      |  131 ---
 .../6 - History of Refactoring - lang_en_vs4.srt   |  171 ---
 .../7 - Types of Refactorings - lang_en_vs4.srt    |   43 -
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diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/1 - Introduction - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/1 - Introduction - lang_en.srt
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-Hi, everybody, and welcome to the first lesson
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-of the Software Engineering Course. In this introductory lesson
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-I will first provide an overview of the
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-whole course and then try to answer two important
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-questions about software engineering, which are, what is
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-software engineering and why do we need it? And
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-to spice up the content a bit I
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-will also interview several experts in the software engineering
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-field from both academia and industry and ask them these
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-very questions. So without any further ado, let's begin the lesson.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/10 - Software Development - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/10 - Software Development - lang_en.srt
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-Now that we saw how software engineering was born and we
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-saw some of the problems that led to the birth of software
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-engineering. Let's see how we can do better. How can we
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-preform software development in a smarter, in a better way, a more
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-successful way? So what I'm going to show here is the
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-way I see software development. To
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-me software development is fundementally going
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-from an abstract idea in somebody's head, for example, the customer's head,
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-to a concrete system that actually implements that idea and hopefully it
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-does it in the right way. And this is a very
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-complex process. It can be overwhelming. So, unless we are talking about
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-the trivial system, it's very complex for us to keep in mind
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-all the different aspects of the systems, and to do all the
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-different steps required to build this system, automatically. So that's when
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-software processes come to the rescue. So what is a software process?
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-A software process is nothing else but a way of breaking down
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-this otherwise unmanageable task into smaller steps. In smaller steps that we
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-can handle. And that can be tackled individually. So having a
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-software process is of fundamental importance for several reasons. First of
-
-20
-00:00:56,580 --> 00:00:59,530
-all, for non-trivial systems, you can't just do it by getting
-
-21
-00:00:59,530 --> 00:01:01,680
-it, by just sitting down and developing. What you have to
-
-22
-00:01:01,680 --> 00:01:04,629
-do instead is to break down the complexity in a systematic
-
-23
-00:01:04,629 --> 00:01:08,250
-way. So software processes are normally systematic. And you need to
-
-24
-00:01:08,250 --> 00:01:11,370
-break down this complexity, in a more or less formal way.
-
-25
-00:01:11,370 --> 00:01:15,800
-So software processes are also a formal, or semiformal, way of
-
-26
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-discussing, or describing, how software should be developed.
-
-27
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-So what are the steps involved in developing software?
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/11 - Software Process - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/11 - Software Process - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 98592eb..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/11 - Software Process - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:02,580
-One thing you need to know right away about software processes
-
-2
-00:00:02,580 --> 00:00:05,750
-is that there's not just one single process, but there are multiple,
-
-3
-00:00:05,750 --> 00:00:08,840
-possible processes, depending on your context, depending on the kind of
-
-4
-00:00:08,840 --> 00:00:11,535
-applications that you are developing. In this course, we are going to try
-
-5
-00:00:11,535 --> 00:00:14,760
-to cover the spectrum of the possible processes, as much as
-
-6
-00:00:14,760 --> 00:00:18,900
-possible, by focusing on four main software processes. The first one is
-
-7
-00:00:18,900 --> 00:00:22,480
-what we call normally the waterfall process. And, we call it waterfall
-
-8
-00:00:22,480 --> 00:00:25,490
-because in the process we go from one phase to the other
-
-9
-00:00:25,490 --> 00:00:28,300
-in the same way in which water follows the flow
-
-10
-00:00:28,300 --> 00:00:30,910
-in a waterfall. The second process that we consider is what
-
-11
-00:00:30,910 --> 00:00:34,580
-we call evolutionary prototyping, and in this case, instead of
-
-12
-00:00:34,580 --> 00:00:37,790
-following this set of rigid steps, all we're trying to do
-
-13
-00:00:37,790 --> 00:00:40,930
-is to start with an initial prototype and evolve it
-
-14
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-based on the feedback from the customer. We will then move
-
-15
-00:00:43,670 --> 00:00:47,150
-towards a slightly more formal process, which is the rational unified
-
-16
-00:00:47,150 --> 00:00:50,590
-process or the unified software process. And this is a kind
-
-17
-00:00:50,590 --> 00:00:53,040
-of project heavily based on the use of UML, so we
-
-18
-00:00:53,040 --> 00:00:56,263
-will also cover UML when discussing this kind of project. Finally,
-
-19
-00:00:56,263 --> 00:00:58,680
-the fourth kind of process we will consider is the family
-
-20
-00:00:58,680 --> 00:01:01,670
-of agile software processes. And these are processes in which we
-
-21
-00:01:01,670 --> 00:01:04,280
-sacrifice the discipline a little bi,t in order to be more
-
-22
-00:01:04,280 --> 00:01:07,380
-flexible and be more able to account for changes and in
-
-23
-00:01:07,380 --> 00:01:10,760
-particular for changes in requirements. We are going to cover each
-
-24
-00:01:10,760 --> 00:01:14,620
-one of these four processes extensively in the rest of the class.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/12 - Preliminary Questions - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/12 - Preliminary Questions - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 20ef47f..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/12 - Preliminary Questions - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:01,450
-So, now before we actually jump to the
-
-2
-00:00:01,450 --> 00:00:03,410
-discussion of software processes I want to ask you
-
-3
-00:00:03,410 --> 00:00:05,770
-a couple of preliminary questions. The first one is,
-
-4
-00:00:05,770 --> 00:00:08,140
-what is the largest software system on which you
-
-5
-00:00:08,140 --> 00:00:10,860
-had worked? And you should enter here the size.
-
-6
-00:00:10,860 --> 00:00:12,850
-And the second question I'm going to ask is how
-
-7
-00:00:12,850 --> 00:00:15,070
-many LOC or how many lines of code per
-
-8
-00:00:15,070 --> 00:00:17,380
-day you were producing when working on this system?
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/13 - Preliminary Questions Solution - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/13 - Preliminary Questions Solution - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index fe239c6..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/13 - Preliminary Questions Solution - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:01,620
-We're going to go back to these two questions
-
-2
-00:00:01,620 --> 00:00:03,260
-and to your answers later. But I wanted to
-
-3
-00:00:03,260 --> 00:00:05,810
-gather this information beforehand, so that your answers are
-
-4
-00:00:05,810 --> 00:00:08,590
-not biased, they're not influenced by this subsequent discussion.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/14 - Preliminary Questions - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/14 - Preliminary Questions - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 936b50d..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/14 - Preliminary Questions - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,090 --> 00:00:03,200
-So now I want to ask you one additional question, which is how many lines
-
-2
-00:00:03,200 --> 00:00:05,030
-of code a day do you think professional
-
-3
-00:00:05,030 --> 00:00:07,370
-software engineers produce? Do you think they produce
-
-4
-00:00:07,370 --> 00:00:12,160
-25 lines of code? Between 25 and 50? Between 50 and 100? Between 100 and 1000?
-
-5
-00:00:12,160 --> 00:00:13,720
-Or more than 1000 a day? And remember
-
-6
-00:00:13,720 --> 00:00:16,379
-that here we're talking about professional software engineers.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/15 - Preliminary Questions Solution - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/15 - Preliminary Questions Solution - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 1a040e2..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/15 - Preliminary Questions Solution - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:03,450
-Studies has shown that, on average, developers produce between
-
-2
-00:00:03,450 --> 00:00:07,030
-50 and 100 lines of code a day. And that
-
-3
-00:00:07,030 --> 00:00:09,530
-might not seem much. Why, why only 50 to
-
-4
-00:00:09,530 --> 00:00:11,580
-100 lines of code in a whole day? And the
-
-5
-00:00:11,580 --> 00:00:14,350
-answer is because coding is not everything. When you
-
-6
-00:00:14,350 --> 00:00:17,020
-develop a system writing code is not the only thing
-
-7
-00:00:17,020 --> 00:00:18,890
-you have to do. It's not the only activity that
-
-8
-00:00:18,890 --> 00:00:20,800
-you have to perform. And that's a very important point.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/16 - Software Phases - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/16 - Software Phases - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 7fc30ef..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/16 - Software Phases - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:03,730
-In fact, software processes are normally characterized by several phases, what
-
-2
-00:00:03,730 --> 00:00:07,240
-we call the software phases, and only one of these phases is
-
-3
-00:00:07,240 --> 00:00:09,970
-mainly focused on coding. The other phases are meant to support
-
-4
-00:00:09,970 --> 00:00:13,440
-other parts of software development. The first of these phases is called
-
-5
-00:00:13,440 --> 00:00:16,110
-requirements engineering and that's the phase in which we talk to
-
-6
-00:00:16,110 --> 00:00:19,640
-the customer, to the stakeholders, whoever we are building the software for.
-
-7
-00:00:19,640 --> 00:00:22,120
-And we try to understand what kind of system we need
-
-8
-00:00:22,120 --> 00:00:25,650
-to build. Then we use this information to define our design and
-
-9
-00:00:25,650 --> 00:00:28,840
-the design is the high-level structure, that then can become more
-
-10
-00:00:28,840 --> 00:00:31,800
-and more detailed, of our software system. Once we've defined our
-
-11
-00:00:31,800 --> 00:00:34,180
-design we can actually move to the next phase, which is
-
-12
-00:00:34,180 --> 00:00:37,480
-the implementation, in which we write code that implements the design which
-
-13
-00:00:37,480 --> 00:00:40,630
-we just defined. After implementing the code, we need to verify
-
-14
-00:00:40,630 --> 00:00:43,510
-and validate the code. We need to make sure that the code
-
-15
-00:00:43,510 --> 00:00:46,930
-behaves as intended. And finally, we need to maintain the code.
-
-16
-00:00:46,930 --> 00:00:48,992
-And maintenance involves several activities like,
-
-17
-00:00:48,992 --> 00:00:50,980
-for example, adding new functionality or
-
-18
-00:00:50,980 --> 00:00:54,568
-eliminating bugs from the code or responding to problems that
-
-19
-00:00:54,568 --> 00:00:57,420
-were reported from the field after we released the software.
-
-20
-00:00:57,420 --> 00:00:59,020
-We will look at all of these activities and of
-
-21
-00:00:59,020 --> 00:01:01,670
-the software development process in detail, in the rest of the
-
-22
-00:01:01,670 --> 00:01:03,610
-class. And for each activity, we will look at the
-
-23
-00:01:03,610 --> 00:01:06,460
-fundamental principles and how it is done currently. And in
-
-24
-00:01:06,460 --> 00:01:08,780
-some cases, we will also look at some advance ways
-
-25
-00:01:08,780 --> 00:01:11,680
-to do it. For example, more research approaches for that activity.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/17 - Tools of the Trade - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/17 - Tools of the Trade - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 077c0f8..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/17 - Tools of the Trade - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,072 --> 00:00:02,960
-We will also look at how tools can improve software phases,
-
-2
-00:00:02,960 --> 00:00:06,660
-the software activities, and can support software development tasks in general.
-
-3
-00:00:06,660 --> 00:00:08,890
-And this is something that I will repeat over and over
-
-4
-00:00:08,890 --> 00:00:12,340
-in the class, tools and automation are fundamental, in software engineering.
-
-5
-00:00:12,340 --> 00:00:15,910
-And they're fundamental for improving productivity, not only efficiency but also
-
-6
-00:00:15,910 --> 00:00:19,820
-effectiveness of our activities in the software development process. So let
-
-7
-00:00:19,820 --> 00:00:22,110
-me go back to one of the diagrams that I showed
-
-8
-00:00:22,110 --> 00:00:25,170
-you before. If you remember we had this qualititive diagram in which
-
-9
-00:00:25,170 --> 00:00:27,170
-we were showing that one of the issues that led to the
-
-10
-00:00:27,170 --> 00:00:30,350
-software crisis was the fact that developers' productivity was not able to
-
-11
-00:00:30,350 --> 00:00:33,580
-keep up with the software size and complexity, with the growth in
-
-12
-00:00:33,580 --> 00:00:36,750
-the importance and the complexity of software. What tools can help us
-
-13
-00:00:36,750 --> 00:00:40,150
-to do is to change this and basically move this curve from
-
-14
-00:00:40,150 --> 00:00:43,950
-this original position up here. So that it gets closer and closer
-
-15
-00:00:43,950 --> 00:00:45,970
-to what we need to develop the software that we need to
-
-16
-00:00:45,970 --> 00:00:50,230
-build. So let me discuss examples on how tools can improve productivity.
-
-17
-00:00:50,230 --> 00:00:52,970
-For example, if we are talking about development, think about
-
-18
-00:00:52,970 --> 00:00:54,890
-what kind of improvement it was to go from punch
-
-19
-00:00:54,890 --> 00:00:58,440
-cards to modern IDEs. If we're talking about languages, think
-
-20
-00:00:58,440 --> 00:01:02,210
-about of how much more productive developers became when going from
-
-21
-00:01:02,210 --> 00:01:05,830
-writing machine code to writing code in high-level languages. And
-
-22
-00:01:05,830 --> 00:01:08,750
-finally, if we talk about debugging, which is a very important
-
-23
-00:01:08,750 --> 00:01:12,140
-and expensive activity, moving from the use of print lines
-
-24
-00:01:12,140 --> 00:01:16,060
-to the use of symbolic debuggers dramatically improve the effectiveness and
-
-25
-00:01:16,060 --> 00:01:18,810
-efficiency of development. And these are just some of the
-
-26
-00:01:18,810 --> 00:01:21,050
-tools that we will discuss in the rest of the class
-
-27
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-and notice that we will also use the tools in practice.
-
-28
-00:01:23,350 --> 00:01:26,290
-So we will use the tools before projects and also during
-
-29
-00:01:26,290 --> 00:01:30,153
-the lessons and for assignments. In particular, we will use
-
-30
-00:01:30,153 --> 00:01:33,920
-three main kinds of tools. The first type is IDE's. And
-
-31
-00:01:33,920 --> 00:01:37,140
-I'm pretty sure you're familiar with IDE's. These are integrated development
-
-32
-00:01:37,140 --> 00:01:41,250
-environments. So, advanced editors in which you can write, compile, run,
-
-33
-00:01:41,250 --> 00:01:43,950
-and debug and even test your code. We'll also use a
-
-34
-00:01:43,950 --> 00:01:48,190
-version control system, systems that allow you to save, and restore, and
-
-35
-00:01:48,190 --> 00:01:51,750
-check the differences between different versions of the code, in particular
-
-36
-00:01:51,750 --> 00:01:53,950
-we will be working with git. We will also be looking at
-
-37
-00:01:53,950 --> 00:01:57,460
-other kinds of tools like coverage and verification tools. These are
-
-38
-00:01:57,460 --> 00:02:00,310
-tools that can help you during testing and I'm a big fan
-
-39
-00:02:00,310 --> 00:02:02,710
-of these tools, so I'm really going to stress the usefulness
-
-40
-00:02:02,710 --> 00:02:05,530
-of these tools and how you should use them in your development.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/2 - Importance of Software Engineering - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/2 - Importance of Software Engineering - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 858a75a..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/2 - Importance of Software Engineering - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,572 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:02,106
-First, let me start by asking a couple of very
-
-2
-00:00:02,106 --> 00:00:04,820
-natural questions that you might have when considering whether to take
-
-3
-00:00:04,820 --> 00:00:07,800
-this course. The first one is what is software engineering.
-
-4
-00:00:07,800 --> 00:00:10,050
-And the second, very related one, is why do we need
-
-5
-00:00:10,050 --> 00:00:12,430
-it? So what I did was actually to go out
-
-6
-00:00:12,430 --> 00:00:15,430
-and ask some of the main experts in the field, both
-
-7
-00:00:15,430 --> 00:00:18,290
-in academia and industry, these very questions and let's see what
-
-8
-00:00:18,290 --> 00:00:22,160
-they said. What is software engineering and why is it important?
-
-9
-00:00:23,170 --> 00:00:25,150
->> Okay, can I start with another question?
-
-10
-00:00:25,150 --> 00:00:26,020
->> Of course.
-
-11
-00:00:26,020 --> 00:00:31,290
->> Okay, first what is a computer? It's a programmable device. So the essence
-
-12
-00:00:31,290 --> 00:00:34,730
-of computing is programming. So program development
-
-13
-00:00:34,730 --> 00:00:37,240
-is basically the most essential use of the
-
-14
-00:00:37,240 --> 00:00:41,010
-computer. So software engineering is the discipline
-
-15
-00:00:41,010 --> 00:00:44,850
-that investigates program development. So, how can it
-
-16
-00:00:44,850 --> 00:00:47,390
-been done more efficiently? What's the best
-
-17
-00:00:47,390 --> 00:00:50,170
-way of doing program development? And how can
-
-18
-00:00:50,170 --> 00:00:53,140
-you develop reliable programs? So that's how I would define
-
-19
-00:00:53,140 --> 00:00:55,060
-it. But I consider any
-
-20
-00:00:55,060 --> 00:00:57,345
-software development activity software engineering activity
-
-21
-00:00:58,825 --> 00:01:04,239
->> Software engineering is the systematic application of methods to build
-
-22
-00:01:04,239 --> 00:01:07,884
-software in a rigorous way. And I think one of the
-
-23
-00:01:07,884 --> 00:01:11,196
-aspects that I like to bring into the notion of software
-
-24
-00:01:11,196 --> 00:01:15,228
-engineering is that it's something that involves not only kind of
-
-25
-00:01:15,228 --> 00:01:18,612
-technically building the system but understanding the
-
-26
-00:01:18,612 --> 00:01:22,317
-requirements, working with stake holders. Trying to
-
-27
-00:01:22,317 --> 00:01:28,232
-find a solution that balances all of the stakeholder needs in order to deliver
-
-28
-00:01:28,232 --> 00:01:34,338
-the software thats tested and its rigorous to meet the needs of a stakeholder.
-
-29
-00:01:34,338 --> 00:01:37,656
-Well, software engineering is the whole process
-
-30
-00:01:37,656 --> 00:01:41,460
-of creation of software using engineering principles.
-
-31
-00:01:41,460 --> 00:01:42,886
->> My view is kind of a holistic
-
-32
-00:01:42,886 --> 00:01:45,490
-view and I think about it from the perspective
-
-33
-00:01:45,490 --> 00:01:49,440
-of how is software engineering different from programming.
-
-34
-00:01:49,440 --> 00:01:52,940
-So, I think that research about programming is all
-
-35
-00:01:52,940 --> 00:01:57,550
-about the create part of software. And that
-
-36
-00:01:57,550 --> 00:02:00,270
-software engineering is about the entire life cycle. So,
-
-37
-00:02:00,270 --> 00:02:03,070
-that's one aspect. And the other aspect of the
-
-38
-00:02:03,070 --> 00:02:07,350
-definition is it's about quality, the quality of software.
-
-39
-00:02:07,350 --> 00:02:12,330
-Software engineering even considers things long after you ship which we all know
-
-40
-00:02:12,330 --> 00:02:18,310
-is one of the, it is the largest economic piece of software development.
-
-41
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->> So, improve, software engineering process
-
-42
-00:02:22,990 --> 00:02:26,440
-for better software productivity and quality.
-
-43
-00:02:26,440 --> 00:02:32,472
->> The set of activities that one engages in when building software
-
-44
-00:02:32,472 --> 00:02:39,634
-systems or software products. It's fundamentally a venue-creating
-
-45
-00:02:39,634 --> 00:02:45,492
-activity. It involves social processes.
-
-46
-00:02:45,492 --> 00:02:47,247
->> Software engineering is the act
-
-47
-00:02:47,247 --> 00:02:49,652
-of many people working together and putting
-
-48
-00:02:49,652 --> 00:02:52,057
-together many versions of large and complex
-
-49
-00:02:52,057 --> 00:02:57,110
-systems. And our world depends on software,
-
-50
-00:02:57,110 --> 00:02:58,910
-software is immensely complex and we need
-
-51
-00:02:58,910 --> 00:03:01,700
-many, many smart people to build these things.
-
-52
-00:03:01,700 --> 00:03:05,610
->> Well, engineering I think is the activity of envisioning and
-
-53
-00:03:05,610 --> 00:03:10,180
-realizing valuable new functions with sufficient
-
-54
-00:03:10,180 --> 00:03:13,500
-and justifiable confidence that the resulting
-
-55
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-system will have all of the critical quality attributes that are necessary
-
-56
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-for the system to be a success. And software engineering is the
-
-57
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-activity of doing this not only for
-
-58
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-the software components of engineering systems but
-
-59
-00:03:28,830 --> 00:03:31,740
-for the system overall, given that it's
-
-60
-00:03:31,740 --> 00:03:35,500
-so heavily reliant on it's underlying software technologies.
-
-61
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->> So, I would say software engineering is the
-
-62
-00:03:40,440 --> 00:03:44,070
-kind of art and practice of building software systems.
-
-63
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->> Software engineering, in a nutshell, is a set of
-
-64
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-methods and principles and techniques that we have developed to enable us to
-
-65
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-engineer, or build, large software systems that
-
-66
-00:03:59,090 --> 00:04:03,960
-outstrip or outpace one engineer's or even a small
-
-67
-00:04:03,960 --> 00:04:08,900
-team of engineer's ability or abilities to understand
-
-68
-00:04:08,900 --> 00:04:13,330
-and construct and maintain
-
-69
-00:04:13,330 --> 00:04:17,339
-over time. So it requires a lot of people, it requires a long,
-
-70
-00:04:17,339 --> 00:04:21,820
-term investment by an organization or a number of organizations, and often times
-
-71
-00:04:21,820 --> 00:04:28,040
-it requires support for systems that that are intended for one purpose but end
-
-72
-00:04:28,040 --> 00:04:33,930
-up getting used for many additional purposes in addition to the original one.
-
-73
-00:04:33,930 --> 00:04:38,656
->> Software engineering is about building and constructing very large-scale
-
-74
-00:04:38,656 --> 00:04:42,800
-high-quality systems, so the high quality is the big issue.
-
-75
-00:04:42,800 --> 00:04:46,268
->> Software engineering is engineering discipline of developing
-
-76
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-software-based systems, usually embedded into larger systems composed of
-
-77
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-hardware and and humans [LAUGH] and business
-
-78
-00:04:58,544 --> 00:05:04,943
-processes and processes in general. And why is that important?
-
-79
-00:05:04,943 --> 00:05:06,971
-Well, because software is pervasive in all industry sectors
-
-80
-00:05:06,971 --> 00:05:09,001
-and therefore systems must be reliable, safe and secure.
-
-81
-00:05:09,001 --> 00:05:13,232
->> Why can't we just get that by sitting down and writing software?
-
-82
-00:05:13,232 --> 00:05:16,697
->> Well, you could if software was small and
-
-83
-00:05:16,697 --> 00:05:20,162
-simple enough to be developed by one or two
-
-84
-00:05:20,162 --> 00:05:25,360
-people together in a room. But software development now
-
-85
-00:05:25,360 --> 00:05:31,550
-is distributed, involves teams of people with different backgrounds
-
-86
-00:05:31,550 --> 00:05:37,450
-who have to communicate with each other. It also involves customers,
-
-87
-00:05:37,450 --> 00:05:42,512
-clients, users. Software engineers have to work with
-
-88
-00:05:42,512 --> 00:05:47,462
-hardware engineers, with domain experts and therefore,
-
-89
-00:05:47,462 --> 00:05:52,233
-well, no, we can't simply sit down and start coding.
-
-90
-00:05:52,233 --> 00:05:57,380
->> Software engineering is mostly being able
-
-91
-00:05:57,380 --> 00:06:02,775
-to program. And you need to be able to put big
-
-92
-00:06:02,775 --> 00:06:06,920
-systems together so that they actually work. That's my simple definition.
-
-93
-00:06:06,920 --> 00:06:09,210
->> And if you don't use software engineering practices,
-
-94
-00:06:09,210 --> 00:06:10,670
-you're not going to be able to put them together?
-
-95
-00:06:10,670 --> 00:06:13,290
->> Well, you're not going to be able to reliably
-
-96
-00:06:13,290 --> 00:06:16,160
-put them together. So basically, you could maybe hack something up,
-
-97
-00:06:16,160 --> 00:06:18,750
-but it's not going to necessarily stand the test of time.
-
-98
-00:06:18,750 --> 00:06:21,221
-If somebody wants to change it it's probably going to break.
-
-99
-00:06:21,221 --> 00:06:24,140
->> It's important
-
-100
-00:06:24,140 --> 00:06:29,700
-because if you don't think about how you're building this system and
-
-101
-00:06:29,700 --> 00:06:31,600
-how you're trading off different aspects,
-
-102
-00:06:31,600 --> 00:06:35,580
-like performance and scalability and reliability, then
-
-103
-00:06:35,580 --> 00:06:39,900
-it's going to end up breaking or not lasting very long or not,
-
-104
-00:06:39,900 --> 00:06:42,900
-not doing everything that you want it to do, or being really expensive.
-
-105
-00:06:43,960 --> 00:06:45,800
->> If it's not done in a principled way it will
-
-106
-00:06:45,800 --> 00:06:49,220
-be bad and every user will suffer. That's why we need
-
-107
-00:06:49,220 --> 00:06:49,970
-software engineering.
-
-108
-00:06:49,970 --> 00:06:56,252
->> Why is it important? Because, I mean these two goal, productivity, faster,
-
-109
-00:06:56,252 --> 00:06:59,480
-in developing software. And higher quality
-
-110
-00:06:59,480 --> 00:07:03,551
-would be apparently important. Software is everywhere.
-
-111
-00:07:03,551 --> 00:07:08,260
->> It's important because we use software in everyday life. Everything's
-
-112
-00:07:08,260 --> 00:07:14,120
-built on software systems. And these are ubiquitous across our society.
-
-113
-00:07:14,120 --> 00:07:14,300
->> It's
-
-114
-00:07:14,300 --> 00:07:20,820
-important because software is everywhere around us and the way we build it,
-
-115
-00:07:20,820 --> 00:07:26,910
-and the way we maintain it, is something that determines almost a basic
-
-116
-00:07:26,910 --> 00:07:33,940
-quality of life nowadays. And getting that software right can make a difference,
-
-117
-00:07:33,940 --> 00:07:39,590
-oftentimes, between a really fun product and one that you won't like to use
-
-118
-00:07:40,640 --> 00:07:45,750
-a reasonably successful company, or one that fails. And in
-
-119
-00:07:45,750 --> 00:07:49,690
-more extreme cases even the difference between life and death,
-
-120
-00:07:49,690 --> 00:07:51,510
-if you think about the software that runs in the
-
-121
-00:07:51,510 --> 00:07:56,380
-airplane on which many of you fly on a regular basis.
-
-122
-00:07:56,380 --> 00:08:00,790
->> There are programs out there that if they screw up we are all screwed.
-
-123
-00:08:00,790 --> 00:08:02,440
->> Software engineering is crucially
-
-124
-00:08:02,440 --> 00:08:06,460
-important because it's the engineering discipline
-
-125
-00:08:06,460 --> 00:08:10,250
-that is uniquely capable of carrying out
-
-126
-00:08:10,250 --> 00:08:13,848
-the engineering mission for software reliant systems.
-
-127
-00:08:13,848 --> 00:08:17,620
->> In the U.S we've all seen an unfortunate example with
-
-128
-00:08:17,620 --> 00:08:23,032
-a system that went badly wrong in healthcare.gov and that system wasn't
-
-129
-00:08:23,032 --> 00:08:26,740
-engineered correctly. And I think if we look at the reasons for
-
-130
-00:08:26,740 --> 00:08:32,350
-that, they stem back to somewhere at the intersection between requirements and
-
-131
-00:08:32,350 --> 00:08:37,470
-architecture and politics and project management, and all of these things are
-
-132
-00:08:37,470 --> 00:08:43,270
-important concepts that have to go into the software engineering mix.
-
-133
-00:08:43,270 --> 00:08:45,570
->> It would end up in lots and lots of chaos because people
-
-134
-00:08:45,570 --> 00:08:47,220
-wouldn't know how to organize themselves and
-
-135
-00:08:47,220 --> 00:08:49,400
-wouldn't know how to organize software. Many
-
-136
-00:08:49,400 --> 00:08:53,830
-of software engineering has very simple rules that you need to apply properly in
-
-137
-00:08:53,830 --> 00:08:57,280
-order to get things done. And people who look at these rules and think,
-
-138
-00:08:57,280 --> 00:09:01,050
-these rules are so super simple. This is totally obvious. But once
-
-139
-00:09:01,050 --> 00:09:05,495
-you try to apply them, you'll find out they're not obvious at all.
-
-140
-00:09:05,495 --> 00:09:07,670
->> Now that we've heard these experts, let me show you an
-
-141
-00:09:07,670 --> 00:09:10,080
-example that illustrates what can happen
-
-142
-00:09:10,080 --> 00:09:12,410
-when software engineering practices are not suitably
-
-143
-00:09:15,310 --> 00:09:24,010
-applied. [NOISE].
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/3 - Software Failure Quiz - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/3 - Software Failure Quiz - lang_en.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/3 - Software Failure Quiz - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:01,940
-Now that you watched this small video, I like
-
-2
-00:00:01,940 --> 00:00:03,660
-to ask you, what is this? Do you think
-
-3
-00:00:03,660 --> 00:00:06,330
-it's fireworks for the 4th of July celebration, or
-
-4
-00:00:06,330 --> 00:00:08,280
-maybe it was a flare gun in action, or
-
-5
-00:00:08,280 --> 00:00:10,240
-maybe again it was the explosion of the Ariane
-
-6
-00:00:10,240 --> 00:00:12,280
-five rocket due to a software error. What do
-
-7
-00:00:12,280 --> 00:00:14,190
-you think? And in case it helps, I'm also
-
-8
-00:00:14,190 --> 00:00:16,450
-going to show you an actual picture of this event.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/4 - Software Failure Quiz Solution - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/4 - Software Failure Quiz Solution - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/4 - Software Failure Quiz Solution - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,600
-As you probably guessed, these are not fireworks for the 4th of
-
-2
-00:00:02,600 --> 00:00:06,670
-July but, rather, the explosion of the Ariane 5, which happened 30 seconds
-
-3
-00:00:06,670 --> 00:00:09,250
-or so after takeoff due to a software error. And this is
-
-4
-00:00:09,250 --> 00:00:12,020
-just an example of what can go wrong when we don't build software
-
-5
-00:00:12,020 --> 00:00:15,600
-and we don't test and verify and perform quality assurance of software
-
-6
-00:00:15,600 --> 00:00:18,540
-in the right way, and quite an expensive one. In fact, to develop
-
-7
-00:00:18,540 --> 00:00:21,250
-and to build the Ariane 5 it took 10 years. The cost
-
-8
-00:00:21,250 --> 00:00:25,240
-was around $7 billion and there were $500 million of cargo on board.
-
-9
-00:00:25,240 --> 00:00:27,280
-Luckily, at least there were no humans on the
-
-10
-00:00:27,280 --> 00:00:29,400
-rocket. And you can find more details in case
-
-11
-00:00:29,400 --> 00:00:31,610
-you're interested about the Ariane 5 accident in the
-
-12
-00:00:31,610 --> 00:00:33,230
-lesson notes. I put a couple of links there.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/5 - Discipline of Software Engineering - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/5 - Discipline of Software Engineering - lang_en.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/5 - Discipline of Software Engineering - lang_en.srt	
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@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,469
-And even if we don't go to these extreme examples, I'm
-
-2
-00:00:02,469 --> 00:00:04,380
-sure that you have all experienced
-
-3
-00:00:04,380 --> 00:00:06,540
-software problems, typically manifested in what
-
-4
-00:00:06,540 --> 00:00:09,630
-we call a crash. And that crash might happen while you're
-
-5
-00:00:09,630 --> 00:00:13,230
-finishing your homework or that three-page long email that you were preparing
-
-6
-00:00:13,230 --> 00:00:15,900
-for the last two hours. But why's it so difficult to
-
-7
-00:00:15,900 --> 00:00:20,220
-build software, or better, why's it so difficult to build good software?
-
-8
-00:00:20,220 --> 00:00:22,200
-And how can we do it? This is exactly the topic
-
-9
-00:00:22,200 --> 00:00:25,190
-of this class. And the reason why software engineering is a fundamental
-
-10
-00:00:25,190 --> 00:00:28,330
-discipline in computer science. To motivate that, in this class, we
-
-11
-00:00:28,330 --> 00:00:32,259
-will study a set of methodologies, techniques, and tools, that will help
-
-12
-00:00:32,259 --> 00:00:35,150
-us build high quality software that does what it's supposed to
-
-13
-00:00:35,150 --> 00:00:38,540
-do. And therefore, makes our customers happy. And that does it within
-
-14
-00:00:38,540 --> 00:00:42,375
-the given time and money constraints. So within the budget that
-
-15
-00:00:42,375 --> 00:00:44,300
-is allocated for the software. Before
-
-16
-00:00:44,300 --> 00:00:46,222
-jumping into today's software engineering techniques
-
-17
-00:00:46,222 --> 00:00:48,010
-though, let me take a step back and look at how
-
-18
-00:00:48,010 --> 00:00:50,240
-we got here, as I believe it is very important to have
-
-19
-00:00:50,240 --> 00:00:52,690
-some historical perspective on how this discipline was
-
-20
-00:00:52,690 --> 00:00:54,840
-born and how it was developed over the years.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/6 - The Software Crisis - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/6 - The Software Crisis - lang_en.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/6 - The Software Crisis - lang_en.srt	
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@@ -1,208 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,072 --> 00:00:02,190
-To do that we'll have to go back in time to
-
-2
-00:00:02,190 --> 00:00:05,280
-the late 60s. So what was happening in the 60s? Well for
-
-3
-00:00:05,280 --> 00:00:08,410
-example the first man landed on the moon. That was also
-
-4
-00:00:08,410 --> 00:00:11,720
-time when Woodstock took place and also the time when the first
-
-5
-00:00:11,720 --> 00:00:16,149
-60 second picture from Polaroid was created. Concurrently to these events,
-
-6
-00:00:16,149 --> 00:00:18,910
-which you probably didn't witness in first person, that was also the
-
-7
-00:00:18,910 --> 00:00:22,280
-time when people started to realize that they were not able
-
-8
-00:00:22,280 --> 00:00:25,610
-to build the software they needed. This happened for several reasons and
-
-9
-00:00:25,610 --> 00:00:29,220
-resulted in what we call the software crisis. So let's
-
-10
-00:00:29,220 --> 00:00:31,820
-look at some of the most important reasons behind this
-
-11
-00:00:31,820 --> 00:00:35,760
-crisis. The first cause was the rising demand for software.
-
-12
-00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:38,500
-Now you're used to see software everywhere: in your phone,
-
-13
-00:00:38,500 --> 00:00:41,530
-in your car, even your washing machine. Before the 60s,
-
-14
-00:00:41,530 --> 00:00:44,590
-however, the size and complexity of software was very limited
-
-15
-00:00:44,590 --> 00:00:47,580
-and hardware components were really dominating the scene. Then things
-
-16
-00:00:47,580 --> 00:00:51,490
-started to change and software started to be increasingly prevalent.
-
-17
-00:00:51,490 --> 00:00:53,940
-So we move from a situation where everything was mostly
-
-18
-00:00:53,940 --> 00:00:57,380
-hardware to a situation in which software became more and more
-
-19
-00:00:57,380 --> 00:01:00,660
-important. To give an example, I'm going to show you the growth
-
-20
-00:01:00,660 --> 00:01:04,080
-in the software demand at NASA along those years. And in
-
-21
-00:01:04,080 --> 00:01:07,610
-particular, from the 1950s to more or less 2000. And this
-
-22
-00:01:07,610 --> 00:01:10,350
-is just a qualitative plot but that's more or less the
-
-23
-00:01:10,350 --> 00:01:13,880
-ways things went. So the demand for software in NASA grow
-
-24
-00:01:13,880 --> 00:01:16,930
-exponentially. And the same happened in a lot of other companies.
-
-25
-00:01:16,930 --> 00:01:19,020
-For example, just to cite one, for Boeing. So the
-
-26
-00:01:19,020 --> 00:01:22,350
-amount of software on airplanes became larger and larger. The
-
-27
-00:01:22,350 --> 00:01:26,170
-second cause for the software crisis was the increasing amount
-
-28
-00:01:26,170 --> 00:01:30,210
-of development effort needed due to the increase of product complexity.
-
-29
-00:01:30,210 --> 00:01:34,260
-Unfortunately, software complexity does not increase linearly with size. It
-
-30
-00:01:34,260 --> 00:01:36,170
-is not the same thing to write software for a
-
-31
-00:01:36,170 --> 00:01:39,410
-class exercise or a small project, or a temp project,
-
-32
-00:01:39,410 --> 00:01:41,970
-than it is to build a software for a word processor,
-
-33
-00:01:41,970 --> 00:01:45,950
-an operating system, a distributed system, or even more complex and larger
-
-34
-00:01:45,950 --> 00:01:49,390
-system. And what I'm giving here is just an indicative size for
-
-35
-00:01:49,390 --> 00:01:52,643
-the software so the class exercise might be 100 lines of code,
-
-36
-00:01:52,643 --> 00:01:55,600
-the small project might be 1000 lines of code, in the other thousand
-
-37
-00:01:55,600 --> 00:01:58,328
-lines of code, and so on and so forth. For the former,
-
-38
-00:01:58,328 --> 00:02:01,510
-the heroic effort of an individual developer can get the job done.
-
-39
-00:02:01,510 --> 00:02:03,850
-So that's what we call a programming effort. If you're a good
-
-40
-00:02:03,850 --> 00:02:07,340
-programmer, you can go sit down and do it, right. For the latter,
-
-41
-00:02:07,340 --> 00:02:09,330
-this is not possible. This is what we called the
-
-42
-00:02:09,330 --> 00:02:13,810
-software engineering effort. In fact, no matter how much programming languages,
-
-43
-00:02:13,810 --> 00:02:17,280
-development environments, and software tools improve, developers could not keep
-
-44
-00:02:17,280 --> 00:02:20,220
-up with increasing software size and complexity. Which leads us to
-
-45
-00:02:20,220 --> 00:02:22,280
-the third problem that I want to mention and the
-
-46
-00:02:22,280 --> 00:02:25,020
-third reason for the software crisis. And this cause is the
-
-47
-00:02:25,020 --> 00:02:28,790
-slow developer's productivity growth. So let me show this again
-
-48
-00:02:28,790 --> 00:02:32,243
-with a qualitative diagram. And this is taken from the IEEE
-
-49
-00:02:32,243 --> 00:02:35,550
-Software Magazine. And what I'm showing here is the growth in
-
-50
-00:02:35,550 --> 00:02:39,930
-software size and complexity over time, and how the developers' productivity
-
-51
-00:02:39,930 --> 00:02:43,800
-really couldn't keep up with this additional software complexity, which resulted
-
-52
-00:02:43,800 --> 00:02:47,170
-in this gap between what was needed and what was actually available.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/7 - The Software Crisis Quiz - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/7 - The Software Crisis Quiz - lang_en.srt
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-1
-00:00:00,078 --> 00:00:02,480
-So now let's take a quick break and have a recap
-
-2
-00:00:02,480 --> 00:00:05,300
-of what we just discussed. I want you to think about what
-
-3
-00:00:05,300 --> 00:00:07,850
-are the major causes of the software crisis. I'm going to provide you
-
-4
-00:00:07,850 --> 00:00:10,250
-a set of possibilities and I would like for you to mark
-
-5
-00:00:10,250 --> 00:00:14,160
-all that apply. Was that increasing costs of computers? Was it increasing
-
-6
-00:00:14,160 --> 00:00:17,990
-product complexity, or maybe the lack of programmers? Or was it, instead,
-
-7
-00:00:17,990 --> 00:00:20,000
-this slow programmers productivity growth? The
-
-8
-00:00:20,000 --> 00:00:21,540
-lack of funding for software engineering
-
-9
-00:00:21,540 --> 00:00:25,210
-research? The rise in demand for software? And finally, was it maybe
-
-10
-00:00:25,210 --> 00:00:26,500
-the lack of caffeine in software
-
-11
-00:00:26,500 --> 00:00:29,570
-development organizations? Again, mark all that apply.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/8 - The Software Crisis Quiz Solution - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/8 - The Software Crisis Quiz Solution - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 33f5c6c..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/8 - The Software Crisis Quiz Solution - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,090 --> 00:00:02,440
-So, if you think about what we just discussed. Definitely one
-
-2
-00:00:02,440 --> 00:00:06,210
-of the causes was the increasing product complexity. Products were becoming more
-
-3
-00:00:06,210 --> 00:00:09,510
-and more complex and software was replacing more and more, what
-
-4
-00:00:09,510 --> 00:00:11,860
-was before, provided by hardware components.
-
-5
-00:00:11,860 --> 00:00:14,160
-Slow productivity growth was another problem,
-
-6
-00:00:14,160 --> 00:00:17,350
-because programmers could not keep up with the additional complexity of
-
-7
-00:00:17,350 --> 00:00:19,720
-the software that they had to develop. I would like to say
-
-8
-00:00:19,720 --> 00:00:22,480
-there was lack of funding for software engineering research because I'm
-
-9
-00:00:22,480 --> 00:00:25,230
-a software engineering researcher, but that was not one of the reasons
-
-10
-00:00:25,230 --> 00:00:27,200
-for the software crisis. Instead, it was
-
-11
-00:00:27,200 --> 00:00:30,140
-the rising demand for software. Again, more
-
-12
-00:00:30,140 --> 00:00:32,060
-and more software was being required and
-
-13
-00:00:32,060 --> 00:00:33,850
-more and more software was replacing hardware.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/9 - Evidence of the Software Crisis - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/9 - Evidence of the Software Crisis - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 0592078..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L1 Introduction and Overview Subtitles/9 - Evidence of the Software Crisis - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:03,220
-After recapping the three major issues that characterize a software crisis
-
-2
-00:00:03,220 --> 00:00:05,626
-let's see what was the evidence that there was indeed a
-
-3
-00:00:05,626 --> 00:00:07,900
-crisis. So what I want to discuss now is the result
-
-4
-00:00:07,900 --> 00:00:11,060
-of a study performed by Davis in 1990s. So in even
-
-5
-00:00:11,060 --> 00:00:13,670
-more recent times than the 60s and the 70s. And the
-
-6
-00:00:13,670 --> 00:00:17,280
-study was performed on nine software projects that were totaling a
-
-7
-00:00:17,280 --> 00:00:20,990
-cost around $7 million and I'm going to show you how this
-
-8
-00:00:20,990 --> 00:00:25,190
-projects went using this representation, this pi representation, in which I'm
-
-9
-00:00:25,190 --> 00:00:27,520
-going to discuss what each of the segment of the
-
-10
-00:00:27,520 --> 00:00:30,010
-pi represent. So let's start looking at the first one.
-
-11
-00:00:30,010 --> 00:00:32,920
-This is a software that was usable as delivered. Other
-
-12
-00:00:32,920 --> 00:00:36,590
-software was delivered, and usable, either after some changes or
-
-13
-00:00:36,590 --> 00:00:41,080
-after some major modifications, so within additional costs involved.
-
-14
-00:00:41,080 --> 00:00:43,530
-But the striking piece of information here is that the
-
-15
-00:00:43,530 --> 00:00:46,890
-vast majority of the software, so these two slices, were
-
-16
-00:00:46,890 --> 00:00:50,250
-software that was either delivered but never successfully used or
-
-17
-00:00:50,250 --> 00:00:53,730
-software that was not even delivered. And this corresponded
-
-18
-00:00:53,730 --> 00:00:57,500
-to five over the seven total million dollars for
-
-19
-00:00:57,500 --> 00:01:00,050
-all the projects. So clearly, this shows a pretty
-
-20
-00:01:00,050 --> 00:01:03,910
-grim picture for software development and its success. In short,
-
-21
-00:01:03,910 --> 00:01:06,410
-there was clear evidence the software was becoming to
-
-22
-00:01:06,410 --> 00:01:08,990
-difficult too build and that the software industry was facing
-
-23
-00:01:08,990 --> 00:01:11,190
-a crisis. And this is what led to the
-
-24
-00:01:11,190 --> 00:01:15,130
-NATO Software Engineering Conference that was held in January 1969,
-
-25
-00:01:15,130 --> 00:01:19,100
-which is what we can consider the birth of software engineering. And what
-
-26
-00:01:19,100 --> 00:01:23,080
-I'm showing here is a drawing of the proceedings for that conference. And if
-
-27
-00:01:23,080 --> 00:01:26,020
-you look at the class notes you can see a link to the actual
-
-28
-00:01:26,020 --> 00:01:27,640
-proceedings, in case you are interested in
-
-29
-00:01:27,640 --> 00:01:29,180
-looking at the issues that were discussed.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/1 - Introduction with Barry Boehm - lang_en_vs7.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/1 - Introduction with Barry Boehm - lang_en_vs7.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 954db98..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/1 - Introduction with Barry Boehm - lang_en_vs7.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,430 --> 00:00:06,300
-Hi, in the last lesson we provided an overview of the course and motivated the
-
-2
-00:00:06,300 --> 00:00:09,570
-need for software engineering. In this lesson,
-
-3
-00:00:09,570 --> 00:00:13,090
-we will present and start discussing several traditional
-
-4
-00:00:13,090 --> 00:00:16,090
-software engineering life cycle models. We will
-
-5
-00:00:16,090 --> 00:00:18,790
-talk about their main advantages, and also about
-
-6
-00:00:18,790 --> 00:00:21,840
-their shortcomings. We will also talk about
-
-7
-00:00:21,840 --> 00:00:25,720
-classic mistakes in software engineering that is well
-
-8
-00:00:25,720 --> 00:00:29,530
-known ineffective development practices, that when
-
-9
-00:00:29,530 --> 00:00:32,590
-followed, tend to lead to better results. And
-
-10
-00:00:32,590 --> 00:00:35,120
-covering those, will hopefully help us to avoid
-
-11
-00:00:35,120 --> 00:00:38,350
-them in the future. And because in this
-
-12
-00:00:38,350 --> 00:00:41,290
-lesson, I will discuss some fundamental aspects of
-
-13
-00:00:41,290 --> 00:00:44,730
-software engineering, to suitably introduce these topics, I
-
-14
-00:00:44,730 --> 00:00:47,110
-went to the University of Southern California, to
-
-15
-00:00:47,110 --> 00:00:50,300
-interview one of the fathers of software engineering;
-
-16
-00:00:50,300 --> 00:00:53,070
-Professor Barry Boehm.
-
-17
-00:00:53,070 --> 00:00:59,060
-&gt;&gt; A well, a software life cycle is a sequence of, of decisions that you
-
-18
-00:00:59,060 --> 00:01:01,895
-make, and it's fundamentally those decisions are
-
-19
-00:01:01,895 --> 00:01:05,280
-going to be part of the history of the
-
-20
-00:01:05,280 --> 00:01:09,500
-software that. You are going to build that other people are going to use, and
-
-21
-00:01:09,500 --> 00:01:15,330
-the process model is basically answering the question of what do I do next and
-
-22
-00:01:15,330 --> 00:01:20,550
-how long shall I do it for. And again, because there are a lot of different ways
-
-23
-00:01:20,550 --> 00:01:24,220
-you can make that decision, you need to
-
-24
-00:01:24,220 --> 00:01:27,640
-figure out which models are good for which particular
-
-25
-00:01:27,640 --> 00:01:31,475
-situations. So, for example, we've, written a book
-
-26
-00:01:31,475 --> 00:01:34,846
-that's called Balancing Agility and Discipline. It says under
-
-27
-00:01:34,846 --> 00:01:37,835
-what conditions should you use agile methods, under
-
-28
-00:01:37,835 --> 00:01:40,824
-which conditions should you invest more time in analyzing
-
-29
-00:01:40,824 --> 00:01:44,826
-the situation and planning what you're going to do and the like. And so,
-
-30
-00:01:44,826 --> 00:01:49,866
-typically if the project is, is small where it's three to ten
-
-31
-00:01:49,866 --> 00:01:55,271
-people, agile works pretty well. If it's 300
-
-32
-00:01:55,271 --> 00:02:00,545
-people, then I think we don't want to go that way. If the affect of
-
-33
-00:02:00,545 --> 00:02:05,960
-the defect is loss of comfort or limited funds, then agile is fine,
-
-34
-00:02:05,960 --> 00:02:11,184
-but if it is a loss of life, then you don't. On the other hand if, if
-
-35
-00:02:11,184 --> 00:02:13,776
-you have a situation where you have lot
-
-36
-00:02:13,776 --> 00:02:17,745
-of unpredictable change, you really don't want to spend
-
-37
-00:02:17,745 --> 00:02:23,439
-a lot of time writing plans and lots of documents. In some cases you may have a
-
-38
-00:02:23,439 --> 00:02:26,907
-project where you want to do waterfall in
-
-39
-00:02:26,907 --> 00:02:31,140
-some parts and agile in others. So, these are
-
-40
-00:02:31,140 --> 00:02:36,180
-the kind of things that, that make the choice of life cycle process
-
-41
-00:02:36,180 --> 00:02:41,409
-model very important and very interesting as a subject of research.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/10 - Software Process Model Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/10 - Software Process Model Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 39d418b..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/10 - Software Process Model Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:02,600
-At this point, you know the possible activities, the
-
-2
-00:00:02,600 --> 00:00:06,520
-possible phases performed during the software development process. But there
-
-3
-00:00:06,520 --> 00:00:08,710
-this something that we still haven't discussed, which is
-
-4
-00:00:08,710 --> 00:00:11,910
-very important. And that is how should we put these
-
-5
-00:00:11,910 --> 00:00:14,990
-activities together to develop software? And this all comes
-
-6
-00:00:14,990 --> 00:00:18,360
-down to the concept of software process model. Also called
-
-7
-00:00:18,360 --> 00:00:21,520
-software lifecycle model. And what this is, is a
-
-8
-00:00:21,520 --> 00:00:25,470
-prescriptive model of what should happen from the very beginning
-
-9
-00:00:25,470 --> 00:00:28,960
-to the very end. Of a software development process. The
-
-10
-00:00:28,960 --> 00:00:31,360
-main function of the life cycle model is to determine
-
-11
-00:00:31,360 --> 00:00:34,290
-the order of the different activities so that we know
-
-12
-00:00:34,290 --> 00:00:37,920
-which activities should come first and which ones should follow. Another
-
-13
-00:00:37,920 --> 00:00:40,910
-important function of the life cycle model is to determine
-
-14
-00:00:40,910 --> 00:00:45,290
-the transition criteria between activities. So, when we can go from
-
-15
-00:00:45,290 --> 00:00:48,000
-one phase to the subsequent one. In other words, what
-
-16
-00:00:48,000 --> 00:00:50,840
-the model should describe is what should we do next and
-
-17
-00:00:50,840 --> 00:00:53,450
-how long should we continue to do it for each activity
-
-18
-00:00:53,450 --> 00:00:56,290
-in the model. Now lets see a few traditional software process
-
-19
-00:00:56,290 --> 00:00:58,920
-models. I will discuss them here at the high level and
-
-20
-00:00:58,920 --> 00:01:02,000
-then revisit some of these models in the different mini courses.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/11 - Waterfall Process - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/11 - Waterfall Process - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index b3d7c07..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/11 - Waterfall Process - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,070 --> 00:00:02,830
-The first model we want to discuss is the grandfather of
-
-2
-00:00:02,830 --> 00:00:05,900
-all life cycle models. And it is the waterfall model. In
-
-3
-00:00:05,900 --> 00:00:08,890
-the waterfall model the project progresses to an orderly sequence of
-
-4
-00:00:08,890 --> 00:00:13,040
-steps. From the initial software concept, down until the final phase.
-
-5
-00:00:13,040 --> 00:00:16,110
-Which is system testing. And at the end of each phase
-
-6
-00:00:16,110 --> 00:00:18,510
-there will be a review to determine whether the project is
-
-7
-00:00:18,510 --> 00:00:22,120
-ready to advance to the next phase. The pure waterfall model
-
-8
-00:00:22,120 --> 00:00:25,340
-performs well for softer products in which there is a stable
-
-9
-00:00:25,340 --> 00:00:28,400
-product definition. The domain is well known and the technologies
-
-10
-00:00:28,400 --> 00:00:31,220
-involved are well understood. In these kind of domains, the
-
-11
-00:00:31,220 --> 00:00:34,350
-waterfall model helps you to find errors in the early,
-
-12
-00:00:34,350 --> 00:00:37,180
-local stages of the projects. If you remember what we discussed,
-
-13
-00:00:37,180 --> 00:00:39,950
-this is the place where we want to find errors,
-
-14
-00:00:39,950 --> 00:00:43,440
-not down here because finding them here will reduce the cost
-
-15
-00:00:43,440 --> 00:00:47,160
-of our overall software development. The main advantage of the
-
-16
-00:00:47,160 --> 00:00:50,930
-waterfall model is that it allows you to find errors early.
-
-17
-00:00:50,930 --> 00:00:53,910
-However, the main disadvantages of the waterfall model arise
-
-18
-00:00:53,910 --> 00:00:56,550
-from the fact that it is not flexible. Normally,
-
-19
-00:00:56,550 --> 00:00:59,520
-it is difficult to fully specify requirements at the
-
-20
-00:00:59,520 --> 00:01:02,470
-beginning of a project. And this lack of flexibility is
-
-21
-00:01:02,470 --> 00:01:04,800
-far from ideal when dealing with project in which
-
-22
-00:01:04,800 --> 00:01:07,310
-requirements change, the developers are not domain experts or
-
-23
-00:01:07,310 --> 00:01:11,130
-the technology used are new and evolving, that is
-
-24
-00:01:11,130 --> 00:01:14,440
-it is less than ideal for most real world projects.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/12 - Spiral Process - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/12 - Spiral Process - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 2d0cdf9..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/12 - Spiral Process - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:02,600
-The next model that we will discuss is the spiral
-
-2
-00:00:02,600 --> 00:00:05,630
-model, which was first described by Barry Boehm, which is
-
-3
-00:00:05,630 --> 00:00:08,010
-the professor that we interviewed at the beginning of this
-
-4
-00:00:08,010 --> 00:00:12,240
-lesson. In his paper from 1986 that was entitled A Spiral
-
-5
-00:00:12,240 --> 00:00:15,730
-Model of Software Development and Enhancement. And one of the
-
-6
-00:00:15,730 --> 00:00:18,520
-main characteristics of that paper is that it was describing the
-
-7
-00:00:18,520 --> 00:00:21,670
-spiral model using a diagram, which is the one that
-
-8
-00:00:21,670 --> 00:00:25,130
-I'm showing you here, and this diagram has become very very
-
-9
-00:00:25,130 --> 00:00:27,950
-popular, and you probably saw it either in this
-
-10
-00:00:27,950 --> 00:00:30,400
-form or one of the many variations of the
-
-11
-00:00:30,400 --> 00:00:32,680
-diagram. So I'm not going to discuss all of
-
-12
-00:00:32,680 --> 00:00:34,770
-the details of the spiral model, but I just want to
-
-13
-00:00:34,770 --> 00:00:37,510
-give you an idea of its main characteristics. The
-
-14
-00:00:37,510 --> 00:00:41,580
-spiral model is an incremental risk-oriented lifecycle model that has
-
-15
-00:00:41,580 --> 00:00:46,330
-four main phases listed here: determine objectives, identify and
-
-16
-00:00:46,330 --> 00:00:51,180
-resolve risks, development and tests, and plan the next iteration.
-
-17
-00:00:51,180 --> 00:00:53,690
-A software project will go through these four phases in
-
-18
-00:00:53,690 --> 00:00:57,020
-an iterative way. In the first phase, the requirements will
-
-19
-00:00:57,020 --> 00:00:59,470
-be gathered. In the second phase, the risks and the
-
-20
-00:00:59,470 --> 00:01:04,010
-alternate solutions will be identified, and a prototype will be produced.
-
-21
-00:01:04,010 --> 00:01:06,190
-Software and tests for the software are produced in the
-
-22
-00:01:06,190 --> 00:01:09,210
-development and test phase, which is the third step of the
-
-23
-00:01:09,210 --> 00:01:12,830
-process. Finally, in the fourth phase, the output of the
-
-24
-00:01:12,830 --> 00:01:16,880
-project, so far, is evaluated, and the next iteration is planned.
-
-25
-00:01:16,880 --> 00:01:19,960
-So basically, what the spiral process prescribes is a
-
-26
-00:01:19,960 --> 00:01:23,262
-way of developing software by going through these phases in
-
-27
-00:01:23,262 --> 00:01:26,020
-an iterative way, in which we learn more and more
-
-28
-00:01:26,020 --> 00:01:29,420
-of the software, we identify more and more, and account
-
-29
-00:01:29,420 --> 00:01:32,250
-for, more and more risks and we go more
-
-30
-00:01:32,250 --> 00:01:36,000
-and more towards our final solution, our final release. There
-
-31
-00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:38,930
-are several advantages of using a spiral model. The first
-
-32
-00:01:38,930 --> 00:01:41,930
-one is that the extensive risk analysis does reduce the
-
-33
-00:01:41,930 --> 00:01:44,140
-chances of the project to fail. So there is a
-
-34
-00:01:44,140 --> 00:01:48,300
-risk reduction advantage. The second advantage is that functionality can be
-
-35
-00:01:48,300 --> 00:01:51,190
-added at a later phase because of the iterative nature of
-
-36
-00:01:51,190 --> 00:01:55,175
-the process. And finally, software is produced early in the software
-
-37
-00:01:55,175 --> 00:01:58,260
-lifecycle. So, at any iteration, we have something to show
-
-38
-00:01:58,260 --> 00:02:01,300
-for our development. We don't wait until the end before producing
-
-39
-00:02:01,300 --> 00:02:03,790
-something. And then of course there's also the advantage that we
-
-40
-00:02:03,790 --> 00:02:07,190
-can get early feedback from the customer about what we produced.
-
-41
-00:02:07,190 --> 00:02:09,000
-The main disadvantages on the other hand of
-
-42
-00:02:09,000 --> 00:02:11,870
-the spiral model, are that the risk analysis requires
-
-43
-00:02:11,870 --> 00:02:16,560
-a highly specific expertise. And unfortunately, the whole success
-
-44
-00:02:16,560 --> 00:02:19,260
-of the process is highly dependent on risk analysis.
-
-45
-00:02:19,260 --> 00:02:21,580
-So risk analysis has to be done right.
-
-46
-00:02:21,580 --> 00:02:24,510
-And finally the spiral model is way more complex
-
-47
-00:02:24,510 --> 00:02:27,180
-than other models, like for example, the water fall
-
-48
-00:02:27,180 --> 00:02:29,760
-model. And therefore it can be costly to implement.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/13 - Evolutionary Prototyping Process - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/13 - Evolutionary Prototyping Process - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index cf068c0..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/13 - Evolutionary Prototyping Process - lang_en_vs4.srt	
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@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:02,430
-The next process model I want to discuss is evolutionary
-
-2
-00:00:02,430 --> 00:00:05,786
-prototyping, which works in four main phases. We start
-
-3
-00:00:05,786 --> 00:00:08,393
-from an initial concept, then we design and implement
-
-4
-00:00:08,393 --> 00:00:11,509
-a prototype based on this initial concept, refine the prototype
-
-5
-00:00:11,509 --> 00:00:14,002
-until it is acceptable, and finally we complete and
-
-6
-00:00:14,002 --> 00:00:17,550
-release the prototype. Therefore, when developing a system using
-
-7
-00:00:17,550 --> 00:00:22,330
-evolutionary prototyping, the system is continually refined and rebuilt.
-
-8
-00:00:22,330 --> 00:00:25,340
-So it is an ideal process when not all requirements
-
-9
-00:00:25,340 --> 00:00:28,330
-are well understood. Which is a very common situation. So, looking
-
-10
-00:00:28,330 --> 00:00:30,370
-at this in a little more details, what happens is that
-
-11
-00:00:30,370 --> 00:00:33,760
-developers start by developing the parts of the system that they
-
-12
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-understand, instead of working on developing a whole system, including parts
-
-13
-00:00:37,690 --> 00:00:40,520
-that might not be very clear at that stage. The partial
-
-14
-00:00:40,520 --> 00:00:43,900
-system is then shown to the customer and the customer feedback
-
-15
-00:00:43,900 --> 00:00:47,480
-is used to drive the next iteration, in which either changes
-
-16
-00:00:47,480 --> 00:00:50,340
-are made to the current features or new features are added.
-
-17
-00:00:50,340 --> 00:00:53,060
-So, either the current prototype is improved or the
-
-18
-00:00:53,060 --> 00:00:56,270
-prototype is extended. And finally, when the customer agrees that
-
-19
-00:00:56,270 --> 00:00:58,980
-the prototype is good enough, the developers will complete all
-
-20
-00:00:58,980 --> 00:01:01,410
-the remaining work on the system and release the prototype
-
-21
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-as the final product. So let's discuss as we did
-
-22
-00:01:03,930 --> 00:01:06,780
-for the previous process models, what are the main advantages
-
-23
-00:01:06,780 --> 00:01:10,580
-and disadvantages of evolutionary prototyping. In this case, the main
-
-24
-00:01:10,580 --> 00:01:15,440
-advantage is the immediate feedback. Developers get feedback immediately as
-
-25
-00:01:15,440 --> 00:01:17,560
-soon as they produce a prototype and they show it to
-
-26
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-the customer and therefore, the risk of implementing the wrong system is
-
-27
-00:01:21,050 --> 00:01:25,150
-minimized. The main negative is the fact that it's difficult to plan.
-
-28
-00:01:25,150 --> 00:01:29,070
-When using evolutionary prototype it is difficult to plan in advance how
-
-29
-00:01:29,070 --> 00:01:31,240
-long the development is going to take, because we don't know how
-
-30
-00:01:31,240 --> 00:01:34,550
-many iterations will be needed. And another drawback is that it can
-
-31
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-easily become an excuse to do kind of do cut and fix
-
-32
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-kind of approaches in which we hack something together, fix the main
-
-33
-00:01:40,530 --> 00:01:43,640
-issues when the customer gives us feedback, and then continue this
-
-34
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-way, until the final product is something that is kind of
-
-35
-00:01:46,780 --> 00:01:49,830
-working, but it's not really a product of high quality. Something
-
-36
-00:01:49,830 --> 00:01:51,910
-else I want to point out before we move to the next
-
-37
-00:01:51,910 --> 00:01:54,490
-software process model is that there are many different kinds of
-
-38
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-prototyping, so evolutionary prototyping is just
-
-39
-00:01:56,700 --> 00:01:58,010
-one of them. For example, throwaway
-
-40
-00:01:58,010 --> 00:02:02,100
-prototyping is another kind of prototyping in which the prototype is
-
-41
-00:02:02,100 --> 00:02:05,580
-just used to gather requirements, but is thrown away at the end
-
-42
-00:02:05,580 --> 00:02:08,710
-of the requirements gathering, instead of being evolved as it happens here.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/13 - Evolutionary Prototyping Process - lang_pt_vs2.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/13 - Evolutionary Prototyping Process - lang_pt_vs2.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index a1fefdc..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/13 - Evolutionary Prototyping Process - lang_pt_vs2.srt	
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@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:02,430
-O próximo modelo que eu quero discutir é prototipagem
-
-2
-00:00:02,430 --> 00:00:05,786
-evolutiva, que funciona em quatro fases principais. Nós começamos
-
-3
-00:00:05,786 --> 00:00:08,393
-por um conceito inicial, então nós desenhamos e criamos
-
-4
-00:00:08,393 --> 00:00:11,509
-um protótipo baseado neste conceito inicial, refinamos o protótipo
-
-5
-00:00:11,509 --> 00:00:14,002
-até que ele se torne aceitável e finalmente nós completamos e
-
-6
-00:00:14,002 --> 00:00:17,550
-liberamos o protótipo. Desta maneira, quando desenvolvemos um sistema usando
-
-7
-00:00:17,550 --> 00:00:22,330
-prototipagem evolutiva, o sistema é constantemente refinado e refeito.
-
-8
-00:00:22,330 --> 00:00:25,340
-Então este é o processo ideal quando nem todos os requisitos
-
-9
-00:00:25,340 --> 00:00:28,330
-estão bem compreendidos. O que é uma situação bastante usual. Então, olhando
-
-10
-00:00:28,330 --> 00:00:30,370
-para isso um pouco mais detalhadamente, o que ocorre é que
-
-11
-00:00:30,370 --> 00:00:33,760
-os desenvolvedores começam no desenvolvimento das partes do sistema que eles
-
-12
-00:00:33,760 --> 00:00:37,690
-compreendem, ao invés de trabalhar no desenvolvimento do sistema com um tido, incluindo as
-
-13
-00:00:37,690 --> 00:00:40,520
-parte que não estão ainda muito claras. O sistema
-
-14
-00:00:40,520 --> 00:00:43,900
-parcial é então mostrado ao cliente e a opinião do cliente
-
-15
-00:00:43,900 --> 00:00:47,480
-é usada para guiar a próxima iteração, na qual tanto modificações
-
-16
-00:00:47,480 --> 00:00:50,340
-são feitas nas atuais feições, como novas feições são adicionadas.
-
-17
-00:00:50,340 --> 00:00:53,060
-Assim, ou o protótipo atual é melhorado ou o
-
-18
-00:00:53,060 --> 00:00:56,270
-protótipo é aumentado. E finalmente, quando o cliente concorda de
-
-19
-00:00:56,270 --> 00:00:58,980
-que o protótipo está suficientemente bom, os desenvolvedores irão completar todo
-
-20
-00:00:58,980 --> 00:01:01,410
-o trabalho faltante no sistema e liberar o protótipo
-
-21
-00:01:01,410 --> 00:01:03,930
-como o produto final. Então vamos discutir como fizemos
-
-22
-00:01:03,930 --> 00:01:06,780
-para os modelos de processos anteriores, quais são as principais vantagens
-
-23
-00:01:06,780 --> 00:01:10,580
-e desvantagens de prototipagem evolutiva. Neste caso, a principal
-
-24
-00:01:10,580 --> 00:01:15,440
-vantagem é apreciação imediada. Os desenvolvedores recebem a opinião imediatamente,
-
-25
-00:01:15,440 --> 00:01:17,560
-tão logo eles produziram o protótipo e o mostraram para o
-
-26
-00:01:17,560 --> 00:01:21,050
-cliente e desta maneira, o risco de implementar erradamente o sistema é
-
-27
-00:01:21,050 --> 00:01:25,150
-minimizado. O principal ponto negativo é que isso é difícil de planejar.
-
-28
-00:01:25,150 --> 00:01:29,070
-Quando é usada a prototipagem evolutiva é difícil de antecipar por
-
-29
-00:01:29,070 --> 00:01:31,240
-quanto tempo o desenvolvimento irá levar, porquê nós não sabemos quantas
-
-30
-00:01:31,240 --> 00:01:34,550
-iterações serão necessárias. E outro inconveniente é que isso pode facilmente
-
-31
-00:01:34,550 --> 00:01:37,120
-se tornar uma desculpa para começar a fazer aquele tipo de abordagem de
-
-32
-00:01:37,120 --> 00:01:40,530
-"corte-e-correção" na qual nós começamos a enjambrar as coisas, corrigir os
-
-33
-00:01:40,530 --> 00:01:43,640
-principais defeitos quando o cliente nos dá sua opinião e então continuamos desta
-
-34
-00:01:43,640 --> 00:01:46,780
-maneira, até que o produto final se torne tipo algo que
-
-35
-00:01:46,780 --> 00:01:49,830
-funciona, mas que não é de fato um produto de alta qualidade. Outra coisa
-
-36
-00:01:49,830 --> 00:01:51,910
-que eu quero apontar antes de irmos ao próximo
-
-37
-00:01:51,910 --> 00:01:54,490
-modelo de criação de software é que existem diversas maneiras de
-
-38
-00:01:54,490 --> 00:01:56,700
-prototipagem, então a prototipagem evolutiva é apenas
-
-39
-00:01:56,700 --> 00:01:58,010
-uma delas. Por exemplo, prototipagem
-
-40
-00:01:58,010 --> 00:02:02,100
-descartável é outra maneira de prototipagem na qual o protótipo é
-
-41
-00:02:02,100 --> 00:02:05,580
-usado apenas para coletar requisitos, mas é descartado ao final
-
-42
-00:02:05,580 --> 00:02:08,710
-da coleta de requisitos, ao invés de ser evoluído, como ocorre aqui.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/14 - Rational Unified Process - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/14 - Rational Unified Process - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/14 - Rational Unified Process - lang_en_vs5.srt	
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@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,070 --> 00:00:02,969
-There are two more software process models that I want to cover, so
-
-2
-00:00:02,969 --> 00:00:06,120
-bear with me. The first one is the Rational Unified software Process
-
-3
-00:00:06,120 --> 00:00:09,500
-or IUP, which is s a very popular one based on UML.
-
-4
-00:00:09,500 --> 00:00:12,620
-RUP works in an iterative way, which means it that it performs different
-
-5
-00:00:12,620 --> 00:00:16,360
-iterations. And at each iteration, it performs four phases. So what I'm
-
-6
-00:00:16,360 --> 00:00:19,030
-showing you here, is a high level view of the process. And I
-
-7
-00:00:19,030 --> 00:00:21,630
-don't want you to focus on all the different details, because we
-
-8
-00:00:21,630 --> 00:00:25,170
-will discuss these details later on, in a lesson that is actually dedicated
-
-9
-00:00:25,170 --> 00:00:27,470
-to RUP. What I want to give you now, is just the
-
-10
-00:00:27,470 --> 00:00:31,020
-gist of how this works. So, in each one of these four
-
-11
-00:00:31,020 --> 00:00:34,680
-phases, which I'm going to describe in a second. We perform standard software
-
-12
-00:00:34,680 --> 00:00:38,060
-engineering activities, the ones that we just discussed. And we do them
-
-13
-00:00:38,060 --> 00:00:41,320
-to different extent, based on the phase in which we are.
-
-14
-00:00:41,320 --> 00:00:44,841
-In particular, in the inception phase the work is mostly to sculpt
-
-15
-00:00:44,841 --> 00:00:47,940
-the system. So basically figuring out what is the scope of the
-
-16
-00:00:47,940 --> 00:00:50,220
-work, what is the scope of the project, what is the domain.
-
-17
-00:00:50,220 --> 00:00:52,670
-So that we can be able to perform initial cost
-
-18
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-and budget estimates. The operational phase is the phase in which
-
-19
-00:00:56,190 --> 00:00:59,910
-we focus on the domain analysis and define the basic architecture
-
-20
-00:00:59,910 --> 00:01:03,030
-for the system. So this is a phase in which analysis
-
-21
-00:01:03,030 --> 00:01:06,290
-and design are particularly paramount. Then there is a construction phase,
-
-22
-00:01:06,290 --> 00:01:09,250
-which is where the bulk of the development actually occurs. And
-
-23
-00:01:09,250 --> 00:01:11,640
-as you can see here, is where most of the implementation
-
-24
-00:01:11,640 --> 00:01:15,280
-happens. And finally, the transition phase is the phase in which
-
-25
-00:01:15,280 --> 00:01:18,090
-the system goes from development into production, so that
-
-26
-00:01:18,090 --> 00:01:20,380
-it becomes available to users. And of course, this is
-
-27
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-the phase in which the other activities in software
-
-28
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-development become less relevant and deployment becomes the main one.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/14 - Rational Unified Process - lang_pt_vs1.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/14 - Rational Unified Process - lang_pt_vs1.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index cb089cb..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/14 - Rational Unified Process - lang_pt_vs1.srt	
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@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,070 --> 00:00:02,969
-Existem ainda dois outros processos de modelagem de software que eu gostaria de tratar, então
-
-2
-00:00:02,969 --> 00:00:06,120
-me acompanhem. O primeiro é o Processo Unificado Racional
-
-3
-00:00:06,120 --> 00:00:09,500
-ou RUP que é um dos mais populares baseados em UML.
-
-4
-00:00:09,500 --> 00:00:12,620
-RUP opera de uma maneira iterativa, o que significa que ocorrem diversas
-
-5
-00:00:12,620 --> 00:00:16,360
-iterações. E em cada iteração, são desenvolvidas quatro fases. Então o que eu
-
-6
-00:00:16,360 --> 00:00:19,030
-estou lhe mostrando aqui, é uma vista panorâmica do processo. E eu
-
-7
-00:00:19,030 --> 00:00:21,630
-não quero que você foque em todos os detalhes, porquê nós
-
-8
-00:00:21,630 --> 00:00:25,170
-iremos discutir estes detalhes mais tarde, numa lição que é de fato dedicada
-
-9
-00:00:25,170 --> 00:00:27,470
-ao RUP. O que eu quero lhe dar agora, é apenas a
-
-10
-00:00:27,470 --> 00:00:31,020
-essência de como isso funciona. Então, em cada um dessas quatro
-
-11
-00:00:31,020 --> 00:00:34,680
-fases, que eu irei descrever em breve... Nós desenvolvemos atividades
-
-12
-00:00:34,680 --> 00:00:38,060
-de engenharia de software padrões, as que nós já discutimos. E nós as fazemos
-
-13
-00:00:38,060 --> 00:00:41,320
-para diferentes amplitudes, baseadas na fase em que nos encontramos.
-
-14
-00:00:41,320 --> 00:00:44,841
-Em particular, na fase de Concepção (Iniciação) o trabalho será sobretudo de esculpir
-
-15
-00:00:44,841 --> 00:00:47,940
-o sistema. E basicamente ilustrando o escopo do
-
-16
-00:00:47,940 --> 00:00:50,220
-trabalho, qual será o escopo do projeto, qual é o domínio.
-
-17
-00:00:50,220 --> 00:00:52,670
-E então nós seremos capazes de saber o custo inicial
-
-18
-00:00:52,670 --> 00:00:56,190
-e fazer um orçamento. A fase de Elaboração é a fase na qual
-
-19
-00:00:56,190 --> 00:00:59,910
-nós focamos na análise de domínio e definimos a arquitetura de base
-
-20
-00:00:59,910 --> 00:01:03,030
-do sistema. Então esta é a fase na qual a análise
-
-21
-00:01:03,030 --> 00:01:06,290
-e o projeto se tornam proeminentes. E então ocorre a fase de Construção,
-
-22
-00:01:06,290 --> 00:01:09,250
-na qual o desenvolvimento massivo de fato ocorre. E
-
-23
-00:01:09,250 --> 00:01:11,640
-como você pode ver aqui, é onde a maior parte da implementação
-
-24
-00:01:11,640 --> 00:01:15,280
-ocorre. E finalmente, a fase de Transição é a fase na qual
-
-25
-00:01:15,280 --> 00:01:18,090
-o sistema passa do desenvolvimento para a produção, e então
-
-26
-00:01:18,090 --> 00:01:20,380
-ele se torna disponível aos usuários. E é claro, esta é
-
-27
-00:01:20,380 --> 00:01:22,480
-a fase na qual as outras atividades em desenvolvimento de
-
-28
-00:01:22,480 --> 00:01:25,710
-software se tornam menos relevantes e a entrega se torna a principal.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/15 - Agile Process - lang_en_vs3.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/15 - Agile Process - lang_en_vs3.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/15 - Agile Process - lang_en_vs3.srt	
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@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:02,300
-The next type of software process models that I
-
-2
-00:00:02,300 --> 00:00:06,300
-want to discuss are Agile Software Development Processes. And this
-
-3
-00:00:06,300 --> 00:00:08,470
-is a group of software development methods that are
-
-4
-00:00:08,470 --> 00:00:12,620
-based on highly iterative and incremental development. And in particular,
-
-5
-00:00:12,620 --> 00:00:16,000
-I'm going to discuss Test Driven Development or TDD. The
-
-6
-00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:18,490
-space on the iteration of three main phases. In
-
-7
-00:00:18,490 --> 00:00:20,970
-the first one that we mark as red, we
-
-8
-00:00:20,970 --> 00:00:25,350
-write test cases that encode our requirements, and for which
-
-9
-00:00:25,350 --> 00:00:29,180
-we haven't written code yet. And therefore, they will fail, obviously.
-
-10
-00:00:29,180 --> 00:00:31,800
-So we're in this sort of red or fail phase. From
-
-11
-00:00:31,800 --> 00:00:34,830
-this phase, we move to this phase, in which after we
-
-12
-00:00:34,830 --> 00:00:37,970
-write the just enough code to make the test cases pass.
-
-13
-00:00:37,970 --> 00:00:40,670
-We have a set of test cases that are all passing.
-
-14
-00:00:40,670 --> 00:00:43,810
-And therefore, we can consider this as the green phase. We
-
-15
-00:00:43,810 --> 00:00:46,930
-had enough code to make the test cases pass because the
-
-16
-00:00:46,930 --> 00:00:50,520
-test cases encode our requirements. We have just written enough code to
-
-17
-00:00:50,520 --> 00:00:53,940
-satisfy our requirements. When we do this over time though,
-
-18
-00:00:53,940 --> 00:00:57,080
-what happens is that the structure of the code deteriorates, because
-
-19
-00:00:57,080 --> 00:00:59,100
-we keep adding pieces. So that's why we have the
-
-20
-00:00:59,100 --> 00:01:02,540
-first step, which is refactoring. In this step, we modify the
-
-21
-00:01:02,540 --> 00:01:05,724
-code, and we will talk about refactoring extensively. We'll devote
-
-22
-00:01:05,724 --> 00:01:08,190
-one lesson to it. We modify the code to make it
-
-23
-00:01:08,190 --> 00:01:12,650
-more readable, more maintainable. In general, we modify to improve the
-
-24
-00:01:12,650 --> 00:01:15,560
-design of the code. And after this phase, we will go
-
-25
-00:01:15,560 --> 00:01:17,670
-back to writing more test cases for
-
-26
-00:01:17,670 --> 00:01:19,730
-new requirements, write code that makes these
-
-27
-00:01:19,730 --> 00:01:24,870
-test cases pass, and so on. So we'll continue to iterate among these phases. And
-
-28
-00:01:24,870 --> 00:01:26,500
-also, in this case, we will talk
-
-29
-00:01:26,500 --> 00:01:29,390
-about Agile Software Processes. And in particular,
-
-30
-00:01:29,390 --> 00:01:32,250
-about extreme programming, or XP, and Scrum
-
-31
-00:01:32,250 --> 00:01:35,349
-in more details, in minor course number four.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/15 - Agile Process - lang_pt_vs1.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/15 - Agile Process - lang_pt_vs1.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index b2224ea..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/15 - Agile Process - lang_pt_vs1.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:02,300
-O próximo tipo de modelos de processo para software que eu
-
-2
-00:00:02,300 --> 00:00:06,300
-gostaria de discutir são os Processos Ágil de Desenvolvimento de Software. E este
-
-3
-00:00:06,300 --> 00:00:08,470
-é um grupo de métodos de desenvolvimento de software que são
-
-4
-00:00:08,470 --> 00:00:12,620
-baseados em desenvolvimento incremental e altamente iterativo. E em particular,
-
-5
-00:00:12,620 --> 00:00:16,000
-eu irei discutir é o Desenvolvimento Orientado a Testes, ou TDD. O
-
-6
-00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:18,490
-espaço na interação de três fases principais. Na
-
-7
-00:00:18,490 --> 00:00:20,970
-primeira delas que iremos marcar em vermelho, nós
-
-8
-00:00:20,970 --> 00:00:25,350
-escrevemos casos de teste que codificam nossos requisitos, e para os quais
-
-9
-00:00:25,350 --> 00:00:29,180
-nós ainda não escrevemos o código. E obviamente, em seguida eles irão falhar.
-
-10
-00:00:29,180 --> 00:00:31,800
-E então nós iremos cair neste tipo de fase vermelha, ou de falha. Desta
-
-11
-00:00:31,800 --> 00:00:34,830
-fase, nós passamos para esta outra fase, a qual ocorre depois de nós
-
-12
-00:00:34,830 --> 00:00:37,970
-escrevermos código suficiente para que os casos de teste aprovem.
-
-13
-00:00:37,970 --> 00:00:40,670
-Nós temos um conjunto de casos de testes em que todos aprovaram.
-
-14
-00:00:40,670 --> 00:00:43,810
-E em segunda, nós podemos considerar isso como a fase verde. Nós
-
-15
-00:00:43,810 --> 00:00:46,930
-temos código suficiente para fazer os casos de teste aprovarem porquê os
-
-16
-00:00:46,930 --> 00:00:50,520
-casos de teste codificam nossos requisitos. Nós escrevemos código suficiente para
-
-17
-00:00:50,520 --> 00:00:53,940
-satisfazer nossos requisitos. Quando nós seguimos com isso ao longo do tempo,
-
-18
-00:00:53,940 --> 00:00:57,080
-o que ocorre é que a estrutura do código deteriora, porquê
-
-19
-00:00:57,080 --> 00:00:59,100
-nós continuamos adicionando partes! E esta é a razão de nós termos o
-
-20
-00:00:59,100 --> 00:01:02,540
-primeiro passo, que é a Refatoração. Neste passo, nós modificamos o
-
-21
-00:01:02,540 --> 00:01:05,724
-código, e nós iremos falar extensamente sobre refatoração. Nós iremos dedicar
-
-22
-00:01:05,724 --> 00:01:08,190
-uma aula para isso. Nós modificamos o código para o tornar mais
-
-23
-00:01:08,190 --> 00:01:12,650
-legível, mais fácil de dar manutenção. Em geral, nós modificamos para aprimorar a
-
-24
-00:01:12,650 --> 00:01:15,560
-concepção do código. E depois desta fase, nós iremos tornar a
-
-25
-00:01:15,560 --> 00:01:17,670
-escrever mais casos de teste para
-
-26
-00:01:17,670 --> 00:01:19,730
-novos requisitos... escrever código que faz com que
-
-27
-00:01:19,730 --> 00:01:24,870
-esses casos de teste aprovem e assim em diante. E então nós iremos continuar a iterar ao entre essas fases. E
-
-28
-00:01:24,870 --> 00:01:26,500
-também, neste caso, nós iremos falar
-
-29
-00:01:26,500 --> 00:01:29,390
-sobre Processos Ágil de Desenvolvimento de Software. E em particular, em
-
-30
-00:01:29,390 --> 00:01:32,250
-Programação Extrema, ou XP e SCRUM
-
-31
-00:01:32,250 --> 00:01:35,349
-mais detalhadamente, no subcurso número quatro.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/16 - Choosing a Model - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/16 - Choosing a Model - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index d898337..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/16 - Choosing a Model - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,860
-We just saw several software process models, and there
-
-2
-00:00:02,860 --> 00:00:06,330
-are many, many more. And because these process models define
-
-3
-00:00:06,330 --> 00:00:09,330
-the master plan for our project, the specific process
-
-4
-00:00:09,330 --> 00:00:12,220
-model that we choose has as much influence over a
-
-5
-00:00:12,220 --> 00:00:15,700
-project's success as any other major planning decision that
-
-6
-00:00:15,700 --> 00:00:18,610
-we make. Therefore, it is very important that we pick
-
-7
-00:00:18,610 --> 00:00:22,100
-the appropriate model for our development process. Picking an appropriate
-
-8
-00:00:22,100 --> 00:00:25,100
-model can ensure the success of a project. On the
-
-9
-00:00:25,100 --> 00:00:27,830
-contrary, if we choose the wrong model, that can be a
-
-10
-00:00:27,830 --> 00:00:31,010
-constant source of problems and ultimately, it can make the project
-
-11
-00:00:31,010 --> 00:00:33,830
-fail. So how can we choose the right model for a
-
-12
-00:00:33,830 --> 00:00:36,310
-project? To be able to do so, we have to take into
-
-13
-00:00:36,310 --> 00:00:40,490
-consideration many factors. In particular, we need to be aware of
-
-14
-00:00:40,490 --> 00:00:44,390
-what level of understanding we have of the requirements. Do we understand
-
-15
-00:00:44,390 --> 00:00:46,720
-all the requirements? Are we going to be able to collect all
-
-16
-00:00:46,720 --> 00:00:50,430
-the requirements in advance, or collecting requirements is going to be hard and
-
-17
-00:00:50,430 --> 00:00:53,460
-therefore, we might want to follow a process that is more flexible
-
-18
-00:00:53,460 --> 00:00:57,470
-with that respect. Another important point is the expected lifetime of the
-
-19
-00:00:57,470 --> 00:01:00,300
-project. Is this a quick project that we are putting together for
-
-20
-00:01:00,300 --> 00:01:03,100
-a specific purpose or something that's going to last for for a number
-
-21
-00:01:03,100 --> 00:01:05,910
-of years and that we're going to maintain over all those years?
-
-22
-00:01:05,910 --> 00:01:08,380
-That's going to make a difference in the way we decide to develop
-
-23
-00:01:08,380 --> 00:01:12,190
-that project. Also, what is the level of risk involved? Do we
-
-24
-00:01:12,190 --> 00:01:15,530
-know the domain very well? Do we know exactly the technologies involved?
-
-25
-00:01:15,530 --> 00:01:19,100
-Well, if so, we might go with a more traditional process. Otherwise,
-
-26
-00:01:19,100 --> 00:01:21,902
-we might want to be more agile, more flexible. It is also
-
-27
-00:01:21,902 --> 00:01:24,900
-very important to know the schedule constraints. How much time, how many
-
-28
-00:01:24,900 --> 00:01:28,640
-resources do we have for this project? What is the expected interaction
-
-29
-00:01:28,640 --> 00:01:31,870
-with the management and the customer? In particular for this ladder, there
-
-30
-00:01:31,870 --> 00:01:34,840
-are many processes that rely on the fact that there can be
-
-31
-00:01:34,840 --> 00:01:38,310
-a continuous interaction with the customer. If that interaction is not there,
-
-32
-00:01:38,310 --> 00:01:41,230
-there's no way we are going to be able to use these processes.
-
-33
-00:01:41,230 --> 00:01:44,580
-Conversely, there are processes that don't require the presence of the customer
-
-34
-00:01:44,580 --> 00:01:47,868
-at all, except for the initial phase and maybe some checking points and
-
-35
-00:01:47,868 --> 00:01:51,020
-so if the customer is very inaccessible, we might want to follow
-
-36
-00:01:51,020 --> 00:01:53,740
-one of those processes, instead of one of the more demanding ones in
-
-37
-00:01:53,740 --> 00:01:57,340
-terms of customer's time. Finally, it is important to take into account
-
-38
-00:01:57,340 --> 00:02:00,450
-the level of the expertise of the people involved. Do we have people
-
-39
-00:02:00,450 --> 00:02:02,730
-that know the technologies that we're using? Do we know people that
-
-40
-00:02:02,730 --> 00:02:04,590
-know a specific kind of process?
-
-41
-00:02:04,590 --> 00:02:06,930
-Some processes require some specific expertise and
-
-42
-00:02:06,930 --> 00:02:09,320
-we're not going to be able to follow that process if we don't
-
-43
-00:02:09,320 --> 00:02:12,410
-have the right expertise. So we need to take into account all of
-
-44
-00:02:12,410 --> 00:02:15,570
-these aspects, and sometimes more, in order to be able to make
-
-45
-00:02:15,570 --> 00:02:19,560
-the right decision and pick the right software process model for our project.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/17 - Choosing a Model Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/17 - Choosing a Model Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 9f733ac..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/17 - Choosing a Model Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,090 --> 00:00:02,080
-Now before we move to the last part of the lesson, let's
-
-2
-00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:04,939
-have a quick quiz on software process models to make sure that
-
-3
-00:00:04,939 --> 00:00:06,640
-we are all on the same page. So I am going to
-
-4
-00:00:06,640 --> 00:00:10,320
-ask you two questions. The first question is which of the following models
-
-5
-00:00:10,320 --> 00:00:14,330
-is most suitable to develop a software control system? And when you
-
-6
-00:00:14,330 --> 00:00:17,700
-think about the software control system, you can think about for example
-
-7
-00:00:17,700 --> 00:00:21,150
-the control system for the software in an airplane. Would you rather
-
-8
-00:00:21,150 --> 00:00:22,860
-use a pure waterfall model? Test
-
-9
-00:00:22,860 --> 00:00:25,840
-driven development? Or an evolutionary prototyping approach?
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/18 - Choosing a Model Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/18 - Choosing a Model Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 01a444c..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/18 - Choosing a Model Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:02,980
-This is the context in which, typically, a pure
-
-2
-00:00:02,980 --> 00:00:06,310
-waterfall process will work well. Why? Well, because it's a
-
-3
-00:00:06,310 --> 00:00:10,160
-context in which requirements are usually well understood. The
-
-4
-00:00:10,160 --> 00:00:13,020
-domain is well understood, so that kind of system has
-
-5
-00:00:13,020 --> 00:00:15,900
-been built many times before. And also, it's a
-
-6
-00:00:15,900 --> 00:00:19,510
-system in which we don't expect requirements to change dramatically
-
-7
-00:00:19,510 --> 00:00:23,180
-over time. Therefore, a waterfall model, in which we collect
-
-8
-00:00:23,180 --> 00:00:25,140
-all the requirements at the beginning and then we move
-
-9
-00:00:25,140 --> 00:00:28,280
-to the subsequent phases might be the most appropriate one. Probably
-
-10
-00:00:28,280 --> 00:00:30,800
-we don't want to do evolutionary prototyping in the case of
-
-11
-00:00:30,800 --> 00:00:34,130
-the control system for an airplane. Same thing holds for TDD,
-
-12
-00:00:34,130 --> 00:00:36,460
-so we want to be a little more rigorous in those cases.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/19 - Choosing a Model Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/19 - Choosing a Model Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 570d146..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/19 - Choosing a Model Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:03,580
-The second question I want to ask you is which model is the most suitable if you
-
-2
-00:00:03,580 --> 00:00:06,660
-expect mid-course corrections? Would you rather use a
-
-3
-00:00:06,660 --> 00:00:10,430
-pure waterfall model, a spiral model, or evolutionary prototyping?
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/2 - Traditional Software Phases - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/2 - Traditional Software Phases - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index cc522f0..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/2 - Traditional Software Phases - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:02,650
-As we just heard from Professor Bohem, software
-
-2
-00:00:02,650 --> 00:00:05,970
-engineering is an important and critical discipline, concerned
-
-3
-00:00:05,970 --> 00:00:09,100
-with cost effective software development. We also heard
-
-4
-00:00:09,100 --> 00:00:11,170
-that this is based on a systematic approach
-
-5
-00:00:11,170 --> 00:00:14,580
-that uses appropriate tools and techniques, operates under
-
-6
-00:00:14,580 --> 00:00:18,130
-specific development constraints. And most importantly, follows a
-
-7
-00:00:18,130 --> 00:00:20,890
-process. As we discussed in the previous lesson,
-
-8
-00:00:20,890 --> 00:00:25,770
-the software development process contains fundamental activities, or phases.
-
-9
-00:00:25,770 --> 00:00:28,480
-Since we will discuss several processes, I'm going to remind
-
-10
-00:00:28,480 --> 00:00:31,150
-you what these phases are. We start with requirements
-
-11
-00:00:31,150 --> 00:00:33,630
-engineering, followed by design,
-
-12
-00:00:33,630 --> 00:00:36,980
-implementation, verification and validation, and
-
-13
-00:00:36,980 --> 00:00:40,950
-finally maintenance. Note that we will revisit each of
-
-14
-00:00:40,950 --> 00:00:43,940
-these phases and devote an entire lesson or more
-
-15
-00:00:43,940 --> 00:00:46,160
-to each phase. So what I want to do next
-
-16
-00:00:46,160 --> 00:00:48,210
-is simply to give you a quick overview of
-
-17
-00:00:48,210 --> 00:00:51,020
-what these phases are. Note also that for now
-
-18
-00:00:51,020 --> 00:00:54,330
-I will follow a very traditional take on these topics. Later on in the
-
-19
-00:00:54,330 --> 00:00:58,260
-class we will see how things can change and did change over the years.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/20 - Choosing a Model Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/20 - Choosing a Model Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 7ea0e4f..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/20 - Choosing a Model Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:02,860
-In this case, I think about the spiral model,
-
-2
-00:00:02,860 --> 00:00:06,610
-and evolutionary prototyping model will work. Definitely you don't want to
-
-3
-00:00:06,610 --> 00:00:09,110
-have a pure water from water. Why? Well because it
-
-4
-00:00:09,110 --> 00:00:11,940
-is very expensive with a pure waterfall model to make
-
-5
-00:00:11,940 --> 00:00:15,460
-changes during the course of the project, especially changes
-
-6
-00:00:15,460 --> 00:00:17,860
-that involve requirements. Why? Because we saw that it can
-
-7
-00:00:17,860 --> 00:00:20,440
-be very expensive. Whereas with the spiral model, we saw
-
-8
-00:00:20,440 --> 00:00:25,220
-that being iterative, we can actually make correction throughout development.
-
-9
-00:00:25,220 --> 00:00:28,840
-Similarly, with evolutionary prototyping, we keep evolving our system
-
-10
-00:00:28,840 --> 00:00:32,170
-based on the customer feedback. And therefore, if something changes,
-
-11
-00:00:32,170 --> 00:00:33,810
-we will get feedback right away, and we will
-
-12
-00:00:33,810 --> 00:00:36,230
-be able to adapt. So the key thing here is
-
-13
-00:00:36,230 --> 00:00:39,060
-that anything that is iterative works better in the
-
-14
-00:00:39,060 --> 00:00:43,400
-case of changing environments. So, situations in which your requirements,
-
-15
-00:00:43,400 --> 00:00:46,720
-the situation, the project might change. Whereas waterfall is
-
-16
-00:00:46,720 --> 00:00:50,410
-more appropriate for situations in which the requirements are stable,
-
-17
-00:00:50,410 --> 00:00:53,760
-we know the domain, and possibly we also know the technologies involved.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/21 - Lifecycle Documents - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/21 - Lifecycle Documents - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 20e1102..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/21 - Lifecycle Documents - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,070 --> 00:00:02,650
-Now that we discussed softer process models, there is
-
-2
-00:00:02,650 --> 00:00:05,100
-another important point I want to cover, because it's going to
-
-3
-00:00:05,100 --> 00:00:08,970
-be useful for your projects. Documenting the activities carried out
-
-4
-00:00:08,970 --> 00:00:11,660
-during the different phases of the softer lifecycle, is a
-
-5
-00:00:11,660 --> 00:00:14,960
-very important task. The documents that we produce are used
-
-6
-00:00:14,960 --> 00:00:18,270
-for different purposes, such as communicative details of the software
-
-7
-00:00:18,270 --> 00:00:21,650
-systems. To difference the colors, ensure the correct implementation of
-
-8
-00:00:21,650 --> 00:00:25,630
-the system, facilitate maintenance, and so on. There are standardized
-
-9
-00:00:25,630 --> 00:00:29,230
-document that are provided by IEEE that you can use
-
-10
-00:00:29,230 --> 00:00:32,680
-for this purpose. However, they're kind of heavyweight. So for the
-
-11
-00:00:32,680 --> 00:00:35,090
-project in this class, when we will need them, I will
-
-12
-00:00:35,090 --> 00:00:38,760
-rather use this lightweight documents. That we created by modifying the
-
-13
-00:00:38,760 --> 00:00:41,730
-original ones, and make them a little simpler. In this,
-
-14
-00:00:41,730 --> 00:00:44,700
-our documents are actually used, while teaching this class in the
-
-15
-00:00:44,700 --> 00:00:47,600
-past. So they're well tested and work well for the kind
-
-16
-00:00:47,600 --> 00:00:50,730
-of projects that we will perform. I provide information on how
-
-17
-00:00:50,730 --> 00:00:52,880
-to access these documents in the class notes.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/22 - Classic Mistakes: People - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/22 - Classic Mistakes: People - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 7edb042..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/22 - Classic Mistakes: People - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:02,000
-Now we get to the final part of the lesson.
-
-2
-00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:04,810
-And in this part I want to talk about well known,
-
-3
-00:00:04,810 --> 00:00:09,230
-ineffective development practices. These practices, when followed, tend to lead
-
-4
-00:00:09,230 --> 00:00:13,245
-to predictably bad results. So let's look at some examples of
-
-5
-00:00:13,245 --> 00:00:17,130
-these classic mistakes. And we're going to start with mistakes
-
-6
-00:00:17,130 --> 00:00:20,660
-involving people. And notice that there is a long list. So
-
-7
-00:00:20,660 --> 00:00:23,100
-I'm going to discuss just a few of those mistakes.
-
-8
-00:00:23,100 --> 00:00:25,215
-And I'm going to point you to more information on this
-
-9
-00:00:25,215 --> 00:00:27,550
-topic in the class notes. And some of these mistakes are
-
-10
-00:00:27,550 --> 00:00:30,020
-actually kind of entertaining. So I'll recommend that you look at
-
-11
-00:00:30,020 --> 00:00:33,210
-the class notes and go in more depth in this list.
-
-12
-00:00:33,210 --> 00:00:35,550
-So the first people mistake I want to mention is the
-
-13
-00:00:35,550 --> 00:00:38,945
-one that I define, heroics. And this refers to too much
-
-14
-00:00:38,945 --> 00:00:43,480
-emphasis on can do attitudes, so this idea that one person
-
-15
-00:00:43,480 --> 00:00:46,330
-by himself or by herself can do everything and can make
-
-16
-00:00:46,330 --> 00:00:50,422
-the difference in the whole project. And unfortunately, this encourages extreme
-
-17
-00:00:50,422 --> 00:00:53,950
-risk taking and discourages cooperation, which is plain bad for
-
-18
-00:00:53,950 --> 00:00:56,610
-the project. For example, it might force people not to
-
-19
-00:00:56,610 --> 00:00:59,600
-report schedule slips. It might force people to take on
-
-20
-00:00:59,600 --> 00:01:02,210
-on too much responsibility. And normally, and I saw it
-
-21
-00:01:02,210 --> 00:01:05,600
-happen many times, the final result is a failure. So
-
-22
-00:01:05,600 --> 00:01:08,410
-what you want when you're developing a larger project, is
-
-23
-00:01:08,410 --> 00:01:11,710
-actually to apply soft engineering principles. Have teams, have team
-
-24
-00:01:11,710 --> 00:01:15,580
-work, and have cooperation among the different team members, without pointing
-
-25
-00:01:15,580 --> 00:01:18,830
-too much on single individuals. Another classic mistake
-
-26
-00:01:18,830 --> 00:01:22,140
-is to not create the right working environment. We
-
-27
-00:01:22,140 --> 00:01:24,900
-all like to work in nice environments. And there
-
-28
-00:01:24,900 --> 00:01:27,790
-is strong evidence that the working environments can play
-
-29
-00:01:27,790 --> 00:01:30,670
-a big role in productivity. There is evidence
-
-30
-00:01:30,670 --> 00:01:34,280
-that productivity increases when the workplace is nice, quiet,
-
-31
-00:01:34,280 --> 00:01:37,950
-warm, and welcoming. Finally, some of the most important
-
-32
-00:01:37,950 --> 00:01:41,480
-people relating mistakes are due to poor people management.
-
-33
-00:01:41,480 --> 00:01:44,540
-For example, lack of leaderships, or leadership that is
-
-34
-00:01:44,540 --> 00:01:47,920
-exercised using the wrong means in the wrong way, which
-
-35
-00:01:47,920 --> 00:01:50,280
-can lead to very unhappy personnel and therefore, low
-
-36
-00:01:50,280 --> 00:01:54,190
-productivity, or even people leaving teams. Another classic example of
-
-37
-00:01:54,190 --> 00:01:57,370
-poor management is adding people to a project that
-
-38
-00:01:57,370 --> 00:02:01,600
-is behind schedule, which never works. Why it doesn't work?
-
-39
-00:02:01,600 --> 00:02:03,440
-Because these new people need to be brought up to
-
-40
-00:02:03,440 --> 00:02:06,520
-speed, and that causes further delays rather than improving the
-
-41
-00:02:06,520 --> 00:02:08,280
-situation with the project schedule.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/23 - Classic Mistakes: Process - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/23 - Classic Mistakes: Process - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 83720a0..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/23 - Classic Mistakes: Process - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:03,770
-Another type of classic mistakes are process-related mistakes. And also
-
-2
-00:00:03,770 --> 00:00:05,850
-in this case, these kind of mistakes can be due
-
-3
-00:00:05,850 --> 00:00:08,970
-to many reasons. And they are of many types. One
-
-4
-00:00:08,970 --> 00:00:12,310
-typical example are scheduling issues, which are due to the fact
-
-5
-00:00:12,310 --> 00:00:15,180
-of being unable to come up with a realistic schedule.
-
-6
-00:00:15,180 --> 00:00:17,750
-So to have an overly optimistic schedule. And this can be
-
-7
-00:00:17,750 --> 00:00:21,230
-because we underestimate the effort involved in different parts of
-
-8
-00:00:21,230 --> 00:00:25,010
-the project. Because we overestimate the ability of the people involved.
-
-9
-00:00:25,010 --> 00:00:27,600
-Because we overestimate the importance, for example, of the use
-
-10
-00:00:27,600 --> 00:00:29,640
-of tools. But no matter what the reason is, the
-
-11
-00:00:29,640 --> 00:00:32,840
-result is typically that the projects end up being late,
-
-12
-00:00:32,840 --> 00:00:35,580
-which is a very common situation. So this is somehow
-
-13
-00:00:35,580 --> 00:00:39,020
-related to planning. And in general, planning is a fundamental
-
-14
-00:00:39,020 --> 00:00:42,720
-factor in software processes and in software development. Mistakes in
-
-15
-00:00:42,720 --> 00:00:46,120
-planning, such as insufficient planning or abandoning planning due to
-
-16
-00:00:46,120 --> 00:00:50,190
-pressure, usually lead inexorably to failure. And speaking of failures,
-
-17
-00:00:50,190 --> 00:00:53,040
-often there are unforeseen failures. Such as
-
-18
-00:00:53,040 --> 00:00:55,410
-failures on the constructor's end, for example,
-
-19
-00:00:55,410 --> 00:00:56,920
-that might lead to low quality or
-
-20
-00:00:56,920 --> 00:01:00,580
-late deliverables, which ultimately affects the downstream activities.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/24 - Classic Mistakes: Product - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/24 - Classic Mistakes: Product - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 24972d9..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/24 - Classic Mistakes: Product - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,090 --> 00:00:01,970
-The third category of mistakes that I want to
-
-2
-00:00:01,970 --> 00:00:04,970
-mention is product-related mistakes. A
-
-3
-00:00:04,970 --> 00:00:07,360
-typical example of product-related mistake
-
-4
-00:00:07,360 --> 00:00:11,010
-is gold plating of requirements. And what that means is
-
-5
-00:00:11,010 --> 00:00:13,710
-basically is that it's very common for projects to have
-
-6
-00:00:13,710 --> 00:00:17,230
-more requirements than they actually need. For example, marketing might
-
-7
-00:00:17,230 --> 00:00:19,090
-want to add more features than the ones that are
-
-8
-00:00:19,090 --> 00:00:21,460
-actually needed by the users. And of course having more
-
-9
-00:00:21,460 --> 00:00:25,720
-requirements lengthens the project's schedule in a totally unnecessary way.
-
-10
-00:00:25,720 --> 00:00:29,250
-Feature creep is another common mistake and consists in
-
-11
-00:00:29,250 --> 00:00:32,140
-adding more and more features to a product that were
-
-12
-00:00:32,140 --> 00:00:34,650
-not initially planned and are not really needed in most
-
-13
-00:00:34,650 --> 00:00:38,360
-cases. And here there is evidence that the average project
-
-14
-00:00:38,360 --> 00:00:41,180
-experiences about a 25% growth in the number of
-
-15
-00:00:41,180 --> 00:00:44,330
-features over its lifetime which can clearly highly effect The
-
-16
-00:00:44,330 --> 00:00:47,580
-project schedule. Finally, if you're working on a project that
-
-17
-00:00:47,580 --> 00:00:50,760
-strains the limits of computer science. For example, because you
-
-18
-00:00:50,760 --> 00:00:53,350
-need to develop new algorithms for the project, or you have
-
-19
-00:00:53,350 --> 00:00:56,670
-to use new techniques. Then that project might be more research than
-
-20
-00:00:56,670 --> 00:00:58,450
-actual development. And therefore, it
-
-21
-00:00:58,450 --> 00:01:00,600
-should be managed accordingly. For example,
-
-22
-00:01:00,600 --> 00:01:03,910
-by taking into account that you will have a highly unpredictable schedule.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/25 - Classic Mistakes: Technology - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/25 - Classic Mistakes: Technology - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 16810ac..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/25 - Classic Mistakes: Technology - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:02,360
-The final type of classic mistakes that I want
-
-2
-00:00:02,360 --> 00:00:06,470
-to mention are technology related mistakes. One typical mistake
-
-3
-00:00:06,470 --> 00:00:09,990
-in this context is the silver-bullet syndrome. What does
-
-4
-00:00:09,990 --> 00:00:13,340
-that mean? Well, the silver-bullet syndrome refers to situations
-
-5
-00:00:13,340 --> 00:00:15,900
-in which there is too much reliance on the
-
-6
-00:00:15,900 --> 00:00:19,950
-advertised benefits of some previously unused technology. For example,
-
-7
-00:00:19,950 --> 00:00:21,980
-a new technology. And the problem here is that
-
-8
-00:00:21,980 --> 00:00:25,140
-we cannot expect technology alone to solve our software
-
-9
-00:00:25,140 --> 00:00:27,810
-development issues. So we should not rely too
-
-10
-00:00:27,810 --> 00:00:31,020
-much on technology alone. Another typical mistake is to
-
-11
-00:00:31,020 --> 00:00:33,700
-switch or add tools in the middle of
-
-12
-00:00:33,700 --> 00:00:36,010
-a project. And sometimes it can make sense to
-
-13
-00:00:36,010 --> 00:00:38,620
-upgrade a tool, but introducing new tools, which
-
-14
-00:00:38,620 --> 00:00:41,650
-can have a steep learning curve, has almost always
-
-15
-00:00:41,650 --> 00:00:46,290
-negative effects. Finally, a common unforgivable mistake is
-
-16
-00:00:46,290 --> 00:00:50,230
-the lack of an automated version control system for
-
-17
-00:00:50,230 --> 00:00:53,480
-your code and for your various artifacts. Manual and
-
-18
-00:00:53,480 --> 00:00:56,700
-ad hoc solutions are just not an option. It is
-
-19
-00:00:56,700 --> 00:00:59,270
-way too easy to make mistakes, use out of
-
-20
-00:00:59,270 --> 00:01:02,600
-date versions, be unable to find a previous working version,
-
-21
-00:01:02,600 --> 00:01:05,030
-and so on. I saw that happening many times,
-
-22
-00:01:05,030 --> 00:01:08,640
-and it always results in a disaster. So be warned,
-
-23
-00:01:08,640 --> 00:01:11,650
-use a version control system and an automated one. And
-
-24
-00:01:11,650 --> 00:01:14,750
-actually we will use version control systems in our projects.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/26 - Classic Mistakes Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/26 - Classic Mistakes Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/26 - Classic Mistakes Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,060 --> 00:00:01,650
-To conclude this lesson, I'm going to have a
-
-2
-00:00:01,650 --> 00:00:03,650
-simple quiz and what I'm going to ask you
-
-3
-00:00:03,650 --> 00:00:07,950
-is, which kind of mistake adding people to a late project is? And you can pick
-
-4
-00:00:07,950 --> 00:00:10,540
-between a people mistake, a product mistake, a
-
-5
-00:00:10,540 --> 00:00:12,830
-technology mistake, or maybe this is not a
-
-6
-00:00:12,830 --> 00:00:16,800
-mistake at all, it is actually okay to add people to a project that is late.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/27 - Classic Mistakes Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/27 - Classic Mistakes Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 53c2485..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/27 - Classic Mistakes Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,060 --> 00:00:02,719
-You probably got this one right. The right answer is that
-
-2
-00:00:02,719 --> 00:00:05,330
-this is a people mistake. And despite the fact that this is
-
-3
-00:00:05,330 --> 00:00:07,550
-an easy answer, I just want to make sure to stress
-
-4
-00:00:07,550 --> 00:00:10,800
-once more. Because this is a very classic mistake. And one that
-
-5
-00:00:10,800 --> 00:00:14,070
-can have dire consequences. You should never add people, to a
-
-6
-00:00:14,070 --> 00:00:18,430
-late project. Because in 99.9% of the cases, that's only going to make
-
-7
-00:00:18,430 --> 00:00:21,390
-things worse. Why? Because these people have to be brought up to
-
-8
-00:00:21,390 --> 00:00:25,590
-speed, and also because having more also makes the communication more difficult,
-
-9
-00:00:25,590 --> 00:00:27,690
-the meetings more difficult and so on. So in
-
-10
-00:00:27,690 --> 00:00:29,980
-short, do not add people to a late project.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/3 - Requirements Engineering - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/3 - Requirements Engineering - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index c541e70..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/3 - Requirements Engineering - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,230 --> 00:00:03,200
-So, let's start with requirements engineering, which is the
-
-2
-00:00:03,200 --> 00:00:06,560
-field within software engineering that deals with establishing the
-
-3
-00:00:06,560 --> 00:00:09,400
-needs of stakeholders that are to be solved by
-
-4
-00:00:09,400 --> 00:00:13,480
-the software. So why is this phase so important?
-
-5
-00:00:13,480 --> 00:00:16,350
-In general, the cost of correcting an error depends
-
-6
-00:00:16,350 --> 00:00:19,060
-on the number of subsequent decisions that are based
-
-7
-00:00:19,060 --> 00:00:22,160
-on it. Therefore, errors made in understanding requirements have
-
-8
-00:00:22,160 --> 00:00:25,670
-the potential for greatest cost because many other design decisions
-
-9
-00:00:25,670 --> 00:00:29,020
-depend on them and many other follow up decisions depend on them.
-
-10
-00:00:29,020 --> 00:00:31,510
-In fact, if we look at this diagram, which is again a
-
-11
-00:00:31,510 --> 00:00:35,210
-qualitative diagram, where we have the cost of error correction over the
-
-12
-00:00:35,210 --> 00:00:38,780
-phase in which the error is discovered. We can see that if we
-
-13
-00:00:38,780 --> 00:00:42,420
-discover an error in requirements it's going to cost us one. If
-
-14
-00:00:42,420 --> 00:00:45,020
-we find it in in design it's going to cost us five and
-
-15
-00:00:45,020 --> 00:00:47,410
-so on and so forth. And the cost grows dramatically as we
-
-16
-00:00:47,410 --> 00:00:50,960
-go from the requirements phase to the maintenance phase. Why? Because of course
-
-17
-00:00:50,960 --> 00:00:53,092
-if we discover a problem here we're left to undo a
-
-18
-00:00:53,092 --> 00:00:55,536
-lot of the decision that we had made before to correct the
-
-19
-00:00:55,536 --> 00:00:58,019
-error. Whereas if we find an error here we can correct it
-
-20
-00:00:58,019 --> 00:01:01,380
-right away and we don't affect the subsequent phases. So how can
-
-21
-00:01:01,380 --> 00:01:03,540
-we collect the right requirements. Traditional
-
-22
-00:01:03,540 --> 00:01:05,310
-requirements in engineering does so through
-
-23
-00:01:05,310 --> 00:01:08,930
-a set of steps. The first step is elicitation which is the
-
-24
-00:01:08,930 --> 00:01:12,840
-collection of requirements from stake holders and other sources and can be
-
-25
-00:01:12,840 --> 00:01:15,890
-done in a variety of ways, we will discuss some of them.
-
-26
-00:01:15,890 --> 00:01:19,280
-The second is requirement analysis which involved the study and
-
-27
-00:01:19,280 --> 00:01:23,200
-deeper understanding of the collective requirements. The third step is this
-
-28
-00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:26,760
-specification of requirements, in which the collective requirements are suitably
-
-29
-00:01:26,760 --> 00:01:30,730
-represented, organized and save so that they can be shared. Also
-
-30
-00:01:30,730 --> 00:01:32,530
-in his case, there are many ways to do this,
-
-31
-00:01:32,530 --> 00:01:34,350
-and we will see some of this ways when we talk
-
-32
-00:01:34,350 --> 00:01:37,550
-about the requirements engineering in the dedicated lesson. Once the
-
-33
-00:01:37,550 --> 00:01:40,970
-requirements have been specified, they can be validated to make sure
-
-34
-00:01:40,970 --> 00:01:44,420
-that they're complete, consistent, no redundant and so on. So
-
-35
-00:01:44,420 --> 00:01:48,460
-that they've satisfied a set of importance properties, for requirements.
-
-36
-00:01:48,460 --> 00:01:52,410
-Finally, the fifth step is requirements management which accounts for
-
-37
-00:01:52,410 --> 00:01:56,100
-changes to requirements during the lifetime of the project. And here
-
-38
-00:01:56,100 --> 00:01:58,330
-I talked about steps, kind of giving the impression that
-
-39
-00:01:58,330 --> 00:02:01,310
-we're just going from the first step to the fifth one
-
-40
-00:02:01,310 --> 00:02:03,300
-and that this is sort of a linear process. In
-
-41
-00:02:03,300 --> 00:02:05,990
-reality, as we will see, this is more of an iterative
-
-42
-00:02:05,990 --> 00:02:09,690
-process in which will go and cover the different phases in an
-
-43
-00:02:09,690 --> 00:02:12,560
-iterative fashion. We will discuss extensively
-
-44
-00:02:12,560 --> 00:02:15,453
-requirements engineering in our second mini-course.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/4 - Design - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/4 - Design - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 5ddb4d1..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/4 - Design - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,290 --> 00:00:02,900
-Now let's discuss the next phase of software development,
-
-2
-00:00:02,900 --> 00:00:06,080
-which is software design. Software design is the phase
-
-3
-00:00:06,080 --> 00:00:09,030
-where software requirements are analyzed in order to produce
-
-4
-00:00:09,030 --> 00:00:11,500
-a description of the internal structure and organization of
-
-5
-00:00:11,500 --> 00:00:13,900
-the system. And this description will serve as the
-
-6
-00:00:13,900 --> 00:00:17,550
-basis for the construction of the actual system. Traditionally,
-
-7
-00:00:17,550 --> 00:00:20,020
-the software design phase consists of a series of
-
-8
-00:00:20,020 --> 00:00:25,360
-design activities. Which normally consists of the architectural design phase,
-
-9
-00:00:25,360 --> 00:00:27,880
-the abstract specification, interface design,
-
-10
-00:00:27,880 --> 00:00:30,010
-component design, data structure and
-
-11
-00:00:30,010 --> 00:00:33,230
-algorithm design. And notice that this is just a possible list
-
-12
-00:00:33,230 --> 00:00:35,820
-of activities. But you can also characterize design activities in
-
-13
-00:00:35,820 --> 00:00:38,550
-many different ways. And if you're looking at different books, and
-
-14
-00:00:38,550 --> 00:00:41,800
-different sources, you might find different activities described. But the
-
-15
-00:00:41,800 --> 00:00:44,500
-core idea, the important point is that we go from sort
-
-16
-00:00:44,500 --> 00:00:46,940
-of a high-level view of the system, which is the
-
-17
-00:00:46,940 --> 00:00:50,770
-architectural design, to a low-level view, which is the algorithm design.
-
-18
-00:00:50,770 --> 00:00:53,100
-And these activities result in a set of design
-
-19
-00:00:53,100 --> 00:00:56,810
-products, which describe various characteristics of the system. For
-
-20
-00:00:56,810 --> 00:00:59,770
-example, they describe the architecture of the system, so
-
-21
-00:00:59,770 --> 00:01:02,890
-how the system is decomposed and organized into components, the
-
-22
-00:01:02,890 --> 00:01:06,630
-interfaces between these components. They also describe these components
-
-23
-00:01:06,630 --> 00:01:09,030
-into a level of details that is suitable for
-
-24
-00:01:09,030 --> 00:01:12,470
-allowing their construction. We will discuss the details of
-
-25
-00:01:12,470 --> 00:01:16,130
-software design and talk extensively about these different actives and
-
-26
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-these different products in the third mini course of this class.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/5 - Implementation - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/5 - Implementation - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 465ae1b..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/5 - Implementation - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:02,719
-After we have designed our system we can implement
-
-2
-00:00:02,719 --> 00:00:05,900
-it. In the implementation phase what we do is basically
-
-3
-00:00:05,900 --> 00:00:08,410
-taking care of realizing the design of the system
-
-4
-00:00:08,410 --> 00:00:11,920
-that we just created and create an actual software system.
-
-5
-00:00:11,920 --> 00:00:15,530
-There are four fundamental principles, four pillars that can
-
-6
-00:00:15,530 --> 00:00:18,470
-affect the way in which software is constructed. The first
-
-7
-00:00:18,470 --> 00:00:21,900
-one is the reduction of complexity. This aims to build
-
-8
-00:00:21,900 --> 00:00:25,160
-software that is easier to understand and use. The second
-
-9
-00:00:25,160 --> 00:00:28,400
-pillar is the anticipation of diversity. Which takes into
-
-10
-00:00:28,400 --> 00:00:31,720
-account that software construction might change in various way over
-
-11
-00:00:31,720 --> 00:00:35,220
-time. That is that software evolves. In many cases,
-
-12
-00:00:35,220 --> 00:00:38,270
-it evolves in unexpected ways. And therefore, we have to
-
-13
-00:00:38,270 --> 00:00:41,680
-be able to anticipate some of these changes. The
-
-14
-00:00:41,680 --> 00:00:45,390
-third pillar is the structuring for validation. Also called design
-
-15
-00:00:45,390 --> 00:00:47,550
-for testability. And what this means is that we
-
-16
-00:00:47,550 --> 00:00:50,760
-want to build software so that it is easily testable
-
-17
-00:00:50,760 --> 00:00:54,890
-during the subsequent validation and verification activities. Finally, and
-
-18
-00:00:54,890 --> 00:00:58,040
-this is especially true within specific organizations and or
-
-19
-00:00:58,040 --> 00:01:00,770
-domains. It is important that the software conforms to
-
-20
-00:01:00,770 --> 00:01:04,330
-a set of internal or external standards. And some examples
-
-21
-00:01:04,330 --> 00:01:06,730
-of this might be, for example, for internal standards,
-
-22
-00:01:06,730 --> 00:01:10,680
-coding standards within an organization, or naming standards within an
-
-23
-00:01:10,680 --> 00:01:13,320
-organization. As for external standards, if for example you
-
-24
-00:01:13,320 --> 00:01:15,780
-are developing some medical software. There are some regulations and
-
-25
-00:01:15,780 --> 00:01:17,930
-some standards that you have to adhere to in
-
-26
-00:01:17,930 --> 00:01:20,060
-order for your software to be valid in that domain.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/6 - Verification & Validation - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/6 - Verification & Validation - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index df504a2..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/6 - Verification & Validation - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:03,550
-After we have built our system, verification and validation
-
-2
-00:00:03,550 --> 00:00:05,970
-is that phase of software development that aims to
-
-3
-00:00:05,970 --> 00:00:09,000
-check that the software system meets its specification and
-
-4
-00:00:09,000 --> 00:00:12,800
-fulfills its intended purpose. More precisely, we can look
-
-5
-00:00:12,800 --> 00:00:16,250
-at verification and validation independently. And validation is the
-
-6
-00:00:16,250 --> 00:00:19,100
-activity that answers the question did we build the
-
-7
-00:00:19,100 --> 00:00:21,420
-right system. Did we build the system that the
-
-8
-00:00:21,420 --> 00:00:26,030
-customer wants? That will make the customer happy. Whereas verification
-
-9
-00:00:26,030 --> 00:00:28,730
-answers a different question which is did we build the system
-
-10
-00:00:28,730 --> 00:00:31,410
-right. So given a description of the system that is the one
-
-11
-00:00:31,410 --> 00:00:34,280
-that we derived from the customer through the collection of requirements
-
-12
-00:00:34,280 --> 00:00:37,130
-and then design and so on, did we build a system that
-
-13
-00:00:37,130 --> 00:00:41,150
-actually implements the specification that we defined? And when we look
-
-14
-00:00:41,150 --> 00:00:44,600
-at verification there's many, many ways of doing verification and in fact
-
-15
-00:00:44,600 --> 00:00:48,430
-in the mini course number four we will cover verification extensively. The
-
-16
-00:00:48,430 --> 00:00:51,100
-only thing I want to mention here is the fact that verification
-
-17
-00:00:51,100 --> 00:00:54,110
-can be performed at different levels. In particular, it can be
-
-18
-00:00:54,110 --> 00:00:57,810
-performed at the unit level in which we test that the individual
-
-19
-00:00:57,810 --> 00:01:01,520
-units work as a expected. Can be performed in the integration level
-
-20
-00:01:01,520 --> 00:01:05,525
-in which what we test is the interaction between the different units.
-
-21
-00:01:05,525 --> 00:01:07,630
-So we want to make sure that the different modules talk
-
-22
-00:01:07,630 --> 00:01:10,720
-to each other in the right way. And finally, there is system
-
-23
-00:01:10,720 --> 00:01:13,440
-testing in which we test the system as a whole and we
-
-24
-00:01:13,440 --> 00:01:16,170
-want to make sure that all the system, all the different pieces
-
-25
-00:01:16,170 --> 00:01:18,010
-of the system work together in the right
-
-26
-00:01:18,010 --> 00:01:20,160
-way. And this is also the level at which
-
-27
-00:01:20,160 --> 00:01:22,360
-then we will apply validation and some other
-
-28
-00:01:22,360 --> 00:01:25,770
-testing techniques like stress testing or robustness testing and
-
-29
-00:01:25,770 --> 00:01:29,890
-so on. And as I said I'm not going to say anything more on this topic because
-
-30
-00:01:29,890 --> 00:01:32,760
-we will cover verification, and validation, and testing in
-
-31
-00:01:32,760 --> 00:01:35,667
-particular in great details in mini course number four.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/7 - Maintenance - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/7 - Maintenance - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index e3d95bf..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/7 - Maintenance - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,012 --> 00:00:03,482
-As we discussed before software development efforts normally result
-
-2
-00:00:03,482 --> 00:00:06,127
-in the delivery of a software product that satisfies
-
-3
-00:00:06,127 --> 00:00:09,879
-the user requirements. So normally our software development organization
-
-4
-00:00:09,879 --> 00:00:13,127
-will release this application to its final users, however, once
-
-5
-00:00:13,127 --> 00:00:16,090
-the software is in operation many things can happen.
-
-6
-00:00:16,090 --> 00:00:18,950
-So, for example, the environment might change. There might be
-
-7
-00:00:18,950 --> 00:00:21,940
-new libraries. There might be new systems in which
-
-8
-00:00:21,940 --> 00:00:25,070
-our software has to operate. Or they may be future
-
-9
-00:00:25,070 --> 00:00:27,950
-requests, so the users may find out that, guess what,
-
-10
-00:00:27,950 --> 00:00:30,370
-they want to do something different with the problem that
-
-11
-00:00:30,370 --> 00:00:32,835
-we gave them. Or, again, and this is one of
-
-12
-00:00:32,835 --> 00:00:35,970
-the most common occurrences, users might find problems with the
-
-13
-00:00:35,970 --> 00:00:38,307
-software and may file bug reports and send the bug
-
-14
-00:00:38,307 --> 00:00:42,090
-reports back to the software developer. These are the reasons
-
-15
-00:00:42,090 --> 00:00:46,420
-why software maintenance is a necessary phase in software development.
-
-16
-00:00:46,420 --> 00:00:50,190
-Software maintenance is the activity that sustains the software product
-
-17
-00:00:50,190 --> 00:00:53,780
-as it evolves throughout its life cycle, specifically
-
-18
-00:00:53,780 --> 00:00:57,350
-in response to bug reports, feature requests and
-
-19
-00:00:57,350 --> 00:01:00,890
-environment changes. Development organisations perform three kinds of
-
-20
-00:01:00,890 --> 00:01:04,450
-maintenance activities: corrective maintenance to eliminate problems with the
-
-21
-00:01:04,450 --> 00:01:07,740
-code, perfective maintenance to accommodate feature request, and
-
-22
-00:01:07,740 --> 00:01:09,730
-in some cases just to improve the software, for
-
-23
-00:01:09,730 --> 00:01:12,230
-example, to make it more efficient, and finally,
-
-24
-00:01:12,230 --> 00:01:15,650
-adaptive maintenance, to take care of the environment changes.
-
-25
-00:01:15,650 --> 00:01:18,470
-And after this activities have been performed, the software developer
-
-26
-00:01:18,470 --> 00:01:21,540
-will produce a new version of the application, will release it
-
-27
-00:01:21,540 --> 00:01:24,150
-and the cycle will continue through out the lifetime of
-
-28
-00:01:24,150 --> 00:01:27,440
-the software. That's why maintenance is a fundamental activity and a
-
-29
-00:01:27,440 --> 00:01:30,420
-very expensive one. And one of the reasons why maintenance
-
-30
-00:01:30,420 --> 00:01:34,080
-is expensive, that I want to mention now, is regression testing.
-
-31
-00:01:34,080 --> 00:01:37,180
-During maintenance every time you modify your application you have
-
-32
-00:01:37,180 --> 00:01:41,120
-to regression test the application, where regression testing is the activity
-
-33
-00:01:41,120 --> 00:01:44,010
-of retesting software after it has been modified to make sure
-
-34
-00:01:44,010 --> 00:01:47,320
-that the changes you perform to the software work as expected,
-
-35
-00:01:47,320 --> 00:01:51,540
-and that your changes did not introduce any unforseen effect. I'm
-
-36
-00:01:51,540 --> 00:01:53,630
-pretty sure that you're familiar with the case of a new
-
-37
-00:01:53,630 --> 00:01:56,000
-version of the software being released and just a couple of
-
-38
-00:01:56,000 --> 00:01:59,260
-days later another version being released to fix some problems that
-
-39
-00:01:59,260 --> 00:02:02,000
-occor with the new version. These problems is what we call
-
-40
-00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:04,640
-regression errors and they're what regression
-
-41
-00:02:04,640 --> 00:02:06,560
-testing targets and tries to eliminate
-
-42
-00:02:06,560 --> 00:02:09,240
-before the new version of the software is released into the world.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/8 - Software Phases Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/8 - Software Phases Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index e3fe74b..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/8 - Software Phases Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,070 --> 00:00:02,590
-Okay. Now before we jump into the next
-
-2
-00:00:02,590 --> 00:00:04,780
-topic, I just want to take a very quick and
-
-3
-00:00:04,780 --> 00:00:06,630
-simple quiz just to make sure that you
-
-4
-00:00:06,630 --> 00:00:09,236
-guys paid attention to what I just discussed. So
-
-5
-00:00:09,236 --> 00:00:10,820
-I want to ask you what are the traditional
-
-6
-00:00:10,820 --> 00:00:13,200
-software phases. Requirements engineering,
-
-7
-00:00:13,200 --> 00:00:16,079
-design, abstraction, implementation, verification and
-
-8
-00:00:16,079 --> 00:00:18,020
-validation. Or maybe design,
-
-9
-00:00:18,020 --> 00:00:20,830
-optimization, implementation verification and validation
-
-10
-00:00:20,830 --> 00:00:22,448
-and maintenance. Or requirements
-
-11
-00:00:22,448 --> 00:00:24,892
-engineering, design, implementation, verification and
-
-12
-00:00:24,892 --> 00:00:26,290
-validation, and maintenance.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/9 - Software Phases Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/9 - Software Phases Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index ecb7a35..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L2 Life Cycle Models Subtitles/9 - Software Phases Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,190 --> 00:00:04,000
-And the answer is the third one. The traditional software phases which are the
-
-2
-00:00:04,000 --> 00:00:05,960
-ones that we just discussed are requirements
-
-3
-00:00:05,960 --> 00:00:08,820
-engineering, design, implementation, verification
-
-4
-00:00:08,820 --> 00:00:10,630
-and validation, and maintenance.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index afc573d..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,650 --> 00:00:07,470
-Hi, and welcome to the first of several lessons on tools of the trade. I'm
-
-2
-00:00:07,470 --> 00:00:12,200
-very excited about these lessons, because I believe that tools are a cornerstone
-
-3
-00:00:12,200 --> 00:00:14,390
-of the software engineering discipline, and it
-
-4
-00:00:14,390 --> 00:00:17,570
-is of paramount importance to know and
-
-5
-00:00:17,570 --> 00:00:20,330
-use them. In this lesson, we will
-
-6
-00:00:20,330 --> 00:00:25,530
-talk about integrated development environments, normally called IDEs.
-
-7
-00:00:25,530 --> 00:00:29,780
-And these are software applications that support developers in many of their
-
-8
-00:00:29,780 --> 00:00:36,870
-everyday tasks, such as writing, compiling, and debugging code. And to make the
-
-9
-00:00:36,870 --> 00:00:42,470
-discussion more concrete we will focus on a specific IDE, Eclipse. We will
-
-10
-00:00:42,470 --> 00:00:47,250
-first present Eclipse, and then get some hands-on experience through a demo.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/2 - Eclipse Introduction - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/2 - Eclipse Introduction - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 1d0ff56..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/2 - Eclipse Introduction - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:02,750
-As I just told you, tools are fundamental in
-
-2
-00:00:02,750 --> 00:00:06,050
-software engineering. And I will stress this concept over and
-
-3
-00:00:06,050 --> 00:00:08,240
-over, throughout the class. And today we're going to talk
-
-4
-00:00:08,240 --> 00:00:11,310
-about a tool that is especially important, which is integrated
-
-5
-00:00:11,310 --> 00:00:15,060
-development environments, or IDEs. And you're probably familiar with
-
-6
-00:00:15,060 --> 00:00:18,060
-IDEs. So IDEs are environments that give you support for
-
-7
-00:00:18,060 --> 00:00:21,580
-your development activities. For example, for writing code, editing code,
-
-8
-00:00:21,580 --> 00:00:25,320
-compiling code, and so on. And we will focus specifically
-
-9
-00:00:25,320 --> 00:00:28,890
-on one particular IDE, which is called Eclipse. And
-
-10
-00:00:28,890 --> 00:00:31,450
-what I'm showing here is the two splash screens for
-
-11
-00:00:31,450 --> 00:00:35,350
-two versions of eclipse, Helios and Kepler. Eclipse is an
-
-12
-00:00:35,350 --> 00:00:39,200
-open, extensible development environment that was initially created by IBM
-
-13
-00:00:39,200 --> 00:00:41,510
-and is now managed by the Eclipse Foundation. And of
-
-14
-00:00:41,510 --> 00:00:43,840
-course, there are many other great IDEs such as for
-
-15
-00:00:43,840 --> 00:00:47,310
-example, Microsoft Visual Studio or Netbeans. We will be using
-
-16
-00:00:47,310 --> 00:00:50,830
-Eclipse because it is open and because it is multi-platform,
-
-17
-00:00:50,830 --> 00:00:52,390
-which means that you can use Eclipse
-
-18
-00:00:52,390 --> 00:00:55,140
-no matter what operating system we're using.
-
-19
-00:00:55,140 --> 00:00:59,030
-So if we consider the most commonly used operating system, such as Mac
-
-20
-00:00:59,030 --> 00:01:02,780
-OS, Windows, Linux, Eclipse runs on any
-
-21
-00:01:02,780 --> 00:01:04,769
-of these environments. Therefore, no matter what
-
-22
-00:01:04,769 --> 00:01:06,490
-you're using, you'll be able to install
-
-23
-00:01:06,490 --> 00:01:08,560
-Eclipse, run Eclipse, and follow the class.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/3 - IDE Overview - lang_en_vs6.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/3 - IDE Overview - lang_en_vs6.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index e2b63b3..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/3 - IDE Overview - lang_en_vs6.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,130 --> 00:00:05,680
-So, now let's look in a little more detail to what is an IDE. An IDE is a
-
-2
-00:00:05,680 --> 00:00:09,790
-software application that supports software developers in many of
-
-3
-00:00:09,790 --> 00:00:13,840
-their everyday tasks. It has many useful features. Most IDEs
-
-4
-00:00:13,840 --> 00:00:16,790
-provide views that can be used to navigate, project
-
-5
-00:00:16,790 --> 00:00:20,140
-resources from different perspectives. For example, you might want to
-
-6
-00:00:20,140 --> 00:00:22,390
-look at your code differently when you're writing code,
-
-7
-00:00:22,390 --> 00:00:25,950
-and when you're debugging. They also normally provide an intelligent
-
-8
-00:00:25,950 --> 00:00:29,380
-source code editor. For example, an editor that will allow you
-
-9
-00:00:29,380 --> 00:00:32,110
-to browse the documentation when you're writing a code that
-
-10
-00:00:32,110 --> 00:00:35,780
-uses a specific method, or that will give you autocompletion when
-
-11
-00:00:35,780 --> 00:00:37,990
-you start writing the name of an object and you want to
-
-12
-00:00:37,990 --> 00:00:40,820
-get the methods for that object. And all of these things
-
-13
-00:00:40,820 --> 00:00:43,420
-can be very useful while you're developing and can save you a
-
-14
-00:00:43,420 --> 00:00:47,750
-lot of time. Modern IDE's will also normally give you support for
-
-15
-00:00:47,750 --> 00:00:49,540
-version control systems that then you
-
-16
-00:00:49,540 --> 00:00:52,490
-can use for softer configuration management.
-
-17
-00:00:52,490 --> 00:00:55,720
-And we're going to discuss in detail version control systems in
-
-18
-00:00:55,720 --> 00:00:58,380
-the next tools of the trade lesson, and we're also
-
-19
-00:00:58,380 --> 00:01:01,135
-going to see how it can be integrated within an IDE.
-
-20
-00:01:01,135 --> 00:01:04,730
-IDEs also give you builders so they give you build automation
-
-21
-00:01:04,730 --> 00:01:08,070
-tools, they give you runtime support. So that you can
-
-22
-00:01:08,070 --> 00:01:10,960
-run your projects from within the IDE and, for example,
-
-23
-00:01:10,960 --> 00:01:14,550
-observe some aspects of the execution. In addition to giving
-
-24
-00:01:14,550 --> 00:01:17,562
-you support for the runtime, they give you support for testing.
-
-25
-00:01:17,562 --> 00:01:21,267
-Many IDEs allow you to run tests from within
-
-26
-00:01:21,267 --> 00:01:23,520
-the IDE and to check the results of the tests
-
-27
-00:01:23,520 --> 00:01:26,300
-from within the IDE. Not only that. Normally, after you
-
-28
-00:01:26,300 --> 00:01:28,210
-run your tests, if there are some test cases that
-
-29
-00:01:28,210 --> 00:01:31,500
-fail, you can also use your IDEs to do debugging.
-
-30
-00:01:31,500 --> 00:01:35,620
-Many IDEs include graphical debuggers. Debuggers will allow you to
-
-31
-00:01:35,620 --> 00:01:39,400
-navigate through the code, set which points, stop and restart
-
-32
-00:01:39,400 --> 00:01:43,160
-the execution. Inspect variables, and do all of the activities
-
-33
-00:01:43,160 --> 00:01:46,320
-that help debugging. And, to help you be more efficient
-
-34
-00:01:46,320 --> 00:01:49,440
-and more effective when you do debugging. And into addition to
-
-35
-00:01:49,440 --> 00:01:52,760
-all these features that are listed here IDEs can normally provide
-
-36
-00:01:52,760 --> 00:01:56,650
-you even more features through a mechanishm that is called plugins.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/4 - Plug-Ins - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/4 - Plug-Ins - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 040293e..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/4 - Plug-Ins - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:03,134
-In fact most IDEs are extensible through the use of
-
-2
-00:00:03,134 --> 00:00:06,158
-plug-ins. And by the way, note that plug-ins might be
-
-3
-00:00:06,158 --> 00:00:09,326
-called differently on different platforms. For example, if you're using
-
-4
-00:00:09,326 --> 00:00:12,970
-a Microsoft Visual Studio, plug-ins are normally called add-ins, but
-
-5
-00:00:12,970 --> 00:00:15,598
-the concept is more or less the same. So, what
-
-6
-00:00:15,598 --> 00:00:18,555
-is a plug-in? Well, let's imagine our IDE to be
-
-7
-00:00:18,555 --> 00:00:22,320
-this box. A plug-in is additional functionality that you can
-
-8
-00:00:22,320 --> 00:00:25,430
-actually plug into this box so that this box starts
-
-9
-00:00:25,430 --> 00:00:28,830
-offering more features to the user. For example, you
-
-10
-00:00:28,830 --> 00:00:32,850
-can add to Eclipse the Checkstyle plug-in. Which, paraphrasing the
-
-11
-00:00:32,850 --> 00:00:35,950
-Checkstyle website, helps you ensure that your Java code
-
-12
-00:00:35,950 --> 00:00:38,890
-complies with a set of coding standards by inspecting the
-
-13
-00:00:38,890 --> 00:00:41,690
-code and pointing out items that deviate from a
-
-14
-00:00:41,690 --> 00:00:44,870
-defined set of coding rules. Again, this is a functionality
-
-15
-00:00:44,870 --> 00:00:47,330
-the core of Eclipse doesn't have. You can add
-
-16
-00:00:47,330 --> 00:00:50,600
-the Checkstyle plug-in, and this functionality will become available in
-
-17
-00:00:50,600 --> 00:00:54,840
-the IDE. Another example of plug-in is the EGit plug-in which
-
-18
-00:00:54,840 --> 00:00:58,660
-adds support for the Git version control system in Eclipse. And
-
-19
-00:00:58,660 --> 00:01:01,290
-actually this is something that we'll cover in detail, we'll have
-
-20
-00:01:01,290 --> 00:01:04,150
-a demo, and we will actually use it throughout the class, so
-
-21
-00:01:04,150 --> 00:01:07,018
-I'm not going to say anything more about the EGit plug-in for
-
-22
-00:01:07,018 --> 00:01:09,300
-now. But again, what the plug-in will do is to add
-
-23
-00:01:09,300 --> 00:01:13,220
-the Git functionality to Eclipse. A functionality that is not in
-
-24
-00:01:13,220 --> 00:01:16,110
-the core of Eclipse and that is available to the user after
-
-25
-00:01:16,110 --> 00:01:17,181
-you add the plug-in.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/5 - Eclipse Demo: Create Java Project - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/5 - Eclipse Demo: Create Java Project - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 8788858..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/5 - Eclipse Demo: Create Java Project - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,323 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,070 --> 00:00:02,550
-In the rest of this lesson we're going to look at eclipse and
-
-2
-00:00:02,550 --> 00:00:05,290
-try to get more familiar with eclipse in a hands on manner
-
-3
-00:00:05,290 --> 00:00:07,550
-through a demo. In the demo we will cover some of the
-
-4
-00:00:07,550 --> 00:00:11,040
-basic aspects of eclipse like how to run eclipse, how to select
-
-5
-00:00:11,040 --> 00:00:14,400
-their workspace, how to create a project, how to create the class
-
-6
-00:00:14,400 --> 00:00:18,240
-within the project and so on. I'll also cover some more advanced
-
-7
-00:00:18,240 --> 00:00:21,610
-aspects, like how to create builders, run your project within Eclipse, and
-
-8
-00:00:21,610 --> 00:00:25,800
-how to use their Eclipse debugger. So let's get to the demo.
-
-9
-00:00:25,800 --> 00:00:28,220
-So let's start Eclipse. Eclipse is going to ask me
-
-10
-00:00:28,220 --> 00:00:31,600
-for the location of my workspace and in this
-
-11
-00:00:31,600 --> 00:00:34,530
-case, I selected a suitable directory and you can
-
-12
-00:00:34,530 --> 00:00:38,480
-also use that checkbox on the left to avoid Eclipse
-
-13
-00:00:38,480 --> 00:00:40,640
-for asking you again about where to put the
-
-14
-00:00:40,640 --> 00:00:43,860
-workspace. And the workspace is basically the place the
-
-15
-00:00:43,860 --> 00:00:48,310
-directory. Where, Eclipse will place all of your projects.
-
-16
-00:00:48,310 --> 00:00:50,830
-So, now when you start Eclipse, if it's the first
-
-17
-00:00:50,830 --> 00:00:53,480
-time you might get this Welcome screen. It's not going to happen
-
-18
-00:00:53,480 --> 00:00:57,500
-again on subsequent executions, but I just wanted to make sure
-
-19
-00:00:57,500 --> 00:01:00,210
-that I covered all the bases. And so, whatcha want to
-
-20
-00:01:00,210 --> 00:01:03,360
-do here is to basically go to the java perspective
-
-21
-00:01:03,360 --> 00:01:06,760
-which you can do by clicking over there or you can
-
-22
-00:01:06,760 --> 00:01:09,240
-also use the menus. So in this case we will have
-
-23
-00:01:09,240 --> 00:01:12,810
-to go to Window, open Perspective, and if the Perspective is
-
-24
-00:01:12,810 --> 00:01:15,660
-not here, you'll have to click on Other. And at this point,
-
-25
-00:01:15,660 --> 00:01:18,030
-that you can click on Java Perspective, then you
-
-26
-00:01:18,030 --> 00:01:21,680
-click okay. And the perspective is basically, the visual work
-
-27
-00:01:21,680 --> 00:01:24,810
-space where you will be operating. So, after we selected
-
-28
-00:01:24,810 --> 00:01:29,350
-perspective, we can actually close the welcome screen. And here,
-
-29
-00:01:29,350 --> 00:01:32,000
-you see that you have this different areas and on
-
-30
-00:01:32,000 --> 00:01:34,930
-the left You have the package explorer. This is the
-
-31
-00:01:34,930 --> 00:01:37,650
-area where your packages will be, you've got a task list,
-
-32
-00:01:37,650 --> 00:01:41,280
-and an outline on the right which we'll cover later.
-
-33
-00:01:41,280 --> 00:01:44,870
-And then you have underneath, the bottom, a problems, java
-
-34
-00:01:44,870 --> 00:01:48,330
-doc and declaration views and we will see some of
-
-35
-00:01:48,330 --> 00:01:51,320
-these views in actions later. And here in the center
-
-36
-00:01:51,320 --> 00:01:54,290
-you have the area. Which is called a code editor,
-
-37
-00:01:54,290 --> 00:01:58,360
-which is where you'll be writing, editing, and modifying, basically,
-
-38
-00:01:58,360 --> 00:02:00,440
-your code. This is where most of the action takes
-
-39
-00:02:00,440 --> 00:02:03,140
-place. So let's start by creating a Java project. And
-
-40
-00:02:03,140 --> 00:02:06,950
-to do that we can use either the context menu, or
-
-41
-00:02:06,950 --> 00:02:09,560
-you can just use the menu, select new Java project.
-
-42
-00:02:09,560 --> 00:02:12,390
-You'll be greeted by this, wizard, and. And at this
-
-43
-00:02:12,390 --> 00:02:15,500
-point in the wizard, you can select the name of
-
-44
-00:02:15,500 --> 00:02:19,100
-your project. I'm just going to call it a very simple way
-
-45
-00:02:19,100 --> 00:02:21,990
-my project. And I going to use the default location for
-
-46
-00:02:21,990 --> 00:02:24,070
-the project, as you can see it will be placed
-
-47
-00:02:24,070 --> 00:02:27,440
-in the work space that I selected before. I'm going to
-
-48
-00:02:27,440 --> 00:02:32,080
-also use the default. Java Runtime Environment, which is Java 1.7
-
-49
-00:02:32,080 --> 00:02:36,250
-in this case. I'm going to keep the selected default layout
-
-50
-00:02:36,250 --> 00:02:39,120
-and the, then I'm going to go to the next step. Here,
-
-51
-00:02:39,120 --> 00:02:42,380
-we're first presented with the location of the source code for
-
-52
-00:02:42,380 --> 00:02:46,840
-our project. The default is a directory SRC in my project
-
-53
-00:02:46,840 --> 00:02:49,320
-and for the output file, the directory bin. So repeat, we're now
-
-54
-00:02:49,320 --> 00:02:52,410
-going to change that. Here in case you need other projects to
-
-55
-00:02:52,410 --> 00:02:55,240
-build your own, then you can specify them here. Here we
-
-56
-00:02:55,240 --> 00:02:57,570
-are building a simple project, so there's no need for that.
-
-57
-00:02:57,570 --> 00:03:00,890
-And here we can specify which libraries our project requires. As
-
-58
-00:03:00,890 --> 00:03:03,880
-you can see, the Java library's already specified. And you can
-
-59
-00:03:03,880 --> 00:03:07,840
-also add other jars, which can even be External jars. And
-
-60
-00:03:07,840 --> 00:03:11,840
-finally this is the tab that allows you to specify which
-
-61
-00:03:11,840 --> 00:03:14,300
-part of you project. So how your project will be exported,
-
-62
-00:03:14,300 --> 00:03:16,760
-so lets not worry about that for now. Lets click finish.
-
-63
-00:03:16,760 --> 00:03:19,300
-And as you can see here on the package explorer, my
-
-64
-00:03:19,300 --> 00:03:22,920
-project appeared. So now we can open the project by clicking
-
-65
-00:03:22,920 --> 00:03:24,920
-on the triangle right next to it, and as you can
-
-66
-00:03:24,920 --> 00:03:28,250
-see there is the SRC directory, where my source code will go,
-
-67
-00:03:28,250 --> 00:03:31,760
-and there's also an indication that we're using the JRE, so that's
-
-68
-00:03:31,760 --> 00:03:35,800
-the Java system directory within our project. And this is just for people
-
-69
-00:03:35,800 --> 00:03:38,860
-who are interested in what happens you know, under the hood. So
-
-70
-00:03:38,860 --> 00:03:41,840
-if you don't care about that, you can just skip this part. So
-
-71
-00:03:41,840 --> 00:03:45,200
-basically here I'm showing you how we can go to the directory
-
-72
-00:03:45,200 --> 00:03:49,250
-where the project was created. We can see the bin and src directories.
-
-73
-00:03:49,250 --> 00:03:52,020
-And there's also some other files here that you can
-
-74
-00:03:52,020 --> 00:03:54,780
-see these 'dot' files that you will not normally, see. And
-
-75
-00:03:54,780 --> 00:03:57,870
-those are kind of bookkeeping files. So these are files that
-
-76
-00:03:57,870 --> 00:04:02,280
-contain information about your project and that are created automatically by
-
-77
-00:04:02,280 --> 00:04:05,860
-Eclipse. And, for example, will have various indication about the
-
-78
-00:04:05,860 --> 00:04:09,580
-configuration of the project, some settings and the class path for
-
-79
-00:04:09,580 --> 00:04:11,880
-the project. And, as I said, you don't have to worry
-
-80
-00:04:11,880 --> 00:04:14,490
-about this if you just want to go Eclipse as you're never
-
-81
-00:04:14,490 --> 00:04:16,551
-going to mess with the command line.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/6 - Eclipse Demo: Create a Class - lang_en_vs6.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/6 - Eclipse Demo: Create a Class - lang_en_vs6.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 3bd4f11..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/6 - Eclipse Demo: Create a Class - lang_en_vs6.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,130 --> 00:00:02,420
-So now that we know, we saw what happens under
-
-2
-00:00:02,420 --> 00:00:04,570
-the hood, and as I said, don't worry about it if
-
-3
-00:00:04,570 --> 00:00:06,689
-you don't care about that part. Now we can go back
-
-4
-00:00:06,689 --> 00:00:09,850
-to Eclipse, and we can start creating a package. A package
-
-5
-00:00:09,850 --> 00:00:13,125
-is basically a way of organizing your classes into a
-
-6
-00:00:13,125 --> 00:00:17,015
-hierarchy. In this case, I'm going to specify the package name as
-
-7
-00:00:17,015 --> 00:00:21,350
-edu.gatech, which means that I'm creating really two packages, a package
-
-8
-00:00:21,350 --> 00:00:25,480
-gatech inside package edu. And I can start creating classes inside
-
-9
-00:00:25,480 --> 00:00:28,770
-my packages. So here, I can use the contextual menu, select
-
-10
-00:00:28,770 --> 00:00:32,055
-New&gt;Class, and I'll get another wizard that will allow me to
-
-11
-00:00:32,055 --> 00:00:35,160
-specify the name of the class. I'm not very creative here,
-
-12
-00:00:35,160 --> 00:00:38,250
-so I'm just going to call it Hello World. There's many other parameters
-
-13
-00:00:38,250 --> 00:00:41,710
-you can set, and in particular, you can define whether you
-
-14
-00:00:41,710 --> 00:00:45,450
-want a main method in your class. Where having a main
-
-15
-00:00:45,450 --> 00:00:48,460
-method means that your class can be the main class in
-
-16
-00:00:48,460 --> 00:00:50,850
-your project, can be the one that is run when you run
-
-17
-00:00:50,850 --> 00:00:54,340
-your project. After we click the button, the Finish button, we,
-
-18
-00:00:54,340 --> 00:00:56,859
-we get the class. So we also get template code for the
-
-19
-00:00:56,859 --> 00:00:59,604
-class, as you can see here, so we go to the editor
-
-20
-00:00:59,604 --> 00:01:02,120
-function, you can see that there is a to do. Where you
-
-21
-00:01:02,120 --> 00:01:05,019
-have to put your code, and here we are simply, basically printing,
-
-22
-00:01:05,019 --> 00:01:08,370
-you know, the typical first program. We just going to print Hello World
-
-23
-00:01:08,370 --> 00:01:11,180
-in Java. And something you can note is that as we are
-
-24
-00:01:11,180 --> 00:01:16,370
-typing, Eclipse gives us a auto complete suggestions, which is very helpful.
-
-25
-00:01:16,370 --> 00:01:19,650
-For example, in case you don't remember the exact syntax,
-
-26
-00:01:19,650 --> 00:01:22,190
-or the method, or you don't remember the parameters of the
-
-27
-00:01:22,190 --> 00:01:24,470
-method. Which is, you know, often the case especially where you
-
-28
-00:01:24,470 --> 00:01:27,590
-work with large libraries. So having that feature can really, really
-
-29
-00:01:27,590 --> 00:01:30,050
-help you. So now if we want to run our code
-
-30
-00:01:30,050 --> 00:01:33,380
-we can either click on the button up here, or we
-
-31
-00:01:33,380 --> 00:01:37,960
-can right-click in the Call window and select Run As Java
-
-32
-00:01:37,960 --> 00:01:41,370
-Application. And if we do that, Eclipse will run our tool,
-
-33
-00:01:41,370 --> 00:01:45,650
-and it will create, as you can see here, a console view that basically contains
-
-34
-00:01:45,650 --> 00:01:49,790
-the textual output of my program. And as expected, the output is Hello World.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/7 - Eclipse Demo: Run Configuration - lang_en_vs6.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/7 - Eclipse Demo: Run Configuration - lang_en_vs6.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index ad54f06..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/7 - Eclipse Demo: Run Configuration - lang_en_vs6.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,660
-So now that we have run our program, let's see what
-
-2
-00:00:02,660 --> 00:00:05,660
-happens exactly when you run a program within Eclipse. And to
-
-3
-00:00:05,660 --> 00:00:08,410
-do that I'm going to use the menu over here which is
-
-4
-00:00:08,410 --> 00:00:12,500
-the Run menu and I'm going to select Run Configurations, and this
-
-5
-00:00:12,500 --> 00:00:15,190
-brings up a window where you can change or run configurations.
-
-6
-00:00:15,190 --> 00:00:17,200
-Well first of all, you can see that here on the
-
-7
-00:00:17,200 --> 00:00:22,260
-left under Java application. Eclipse automatically created a Hello World run
-
-8
-00:00:22,260 --> 00:00:25,300
-configuration for our program. And this is where you can configure
-
-9
-00:00:25,300 --> 00:00:28,370
-the different parameters for your execution. For example,
-
-10
-00:00:28,370 --> 00:00:30,520
-you can select the main class. So here
-
-11
-00:00:30,520 --> 00:00:34,745
-it's, obviously, edu.gatech.HelloWorld. You can define different program
-
-12
-00:00:34,745 --> 00:00:36,920
-arguments. We don't have any for now. You can
-
-13
-00:00:36,920 --> 00:00:39,480
-also pass arguments to the virtual machine. You
-
-14
-00:00:39,480 --> 00:00:41,960
-can define which Java runtime environment you want to
-
-15
-00:00:41,960 --> 00:00:47,720
-use, Classpath and other environmental options. So let's
-
-16
-00:00:47,720 --> 00:00:50,650
-now try to pass some arguments to our program.
-
-17
-00:00:50,650 --> 00:00:54,390
-So for example here, I am just going to write George as
-
-18
-00:00:54,390 --> 00:00:58,450
-a possible parameter. I say Apply so that modify the configuration and
-
-19
-00:00:58,450 --> 00:01:01,510
-if i run the program of course, the output is not changing
-
-20
-00:01:01,510 --> 00:01:04,440
-because my program does not use the argument. But, let's see if
-
-21
-00:01:04,440 --> 00:01:07,060
-we do use the argument, what happens. So I'm going to slightly
-
-22
-00:01:07,060 --> 00:01:10,030
-modify the final program so that now, instead of printing hello
-
-23
-00:01:10,030 --> 00:01:13,420
-world, it will print hello followed by the first argument that I
-
-24
-00:01:13,420 --> 00:01:15,700
-will pass to the program. And if I do that, and I
-
-25
-00:01:15,700 --> 00:01:19,420
-go and I run the program, what I get is exactly what I
-
-26
-00:01:19,420 --> 00:01:23,420
-was expecting, which is Hello George. So this is the way in which you
-
-27
-00:01:23,420 --> 00:01:26,120
-can pass arguments to your execution, which
-
-28
-00:01:26,120 --> 00:01:27,640
-is something that might come in handy
-
-29
-00:01:27,640 --> 00:01:30,390
-for some other projects. When you need to run some code with an argument.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/8 - Eclipse Demo: Debugging - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/8 - Eclipse Demo: Debugging - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 025c2ba..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L3 Integrated Development Environment Subtitles/8 - Eclipse Demo: Debugging - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,275 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:03,090
-Now let's look at how we can do debugging within
-
-2
-00:00:03,090 --> 00:00:06,240
-Eclipse. I created a new file called AddNumbers which I'm
-
-3
-00:00:06,240 --> 00:00:10,770
-showing here. It takes two numbers, parses them into integers,
-
-4
-00:00:10,770 --> 00:00:14,870
-adds them and prints the sum, supposedly, of the two numbers.
-
-5
-00:00:14,870 --> 00:00:17,450
-Now we look at the run configuration for this program,
-
-6
-00:00:17,450 --> 00:00:19,670
-and here you can see that we're passing two arguments,
-
-7
-00:00:19,670 --> 00:00:22,060
-two and five, to the program. So now let's run
-
-8
-00:00:22,060 --> 00:00:25,468
-our program and see what happens. And the result says that
-
-9
-00:00:25,468 --> 00:00:28,150
-2 plus 5 is equal to 10, which is not
-
-10
-00:00:28,150 --> 00:00:31,030
-exactly correct. So we need to debug our program. We
-
-11
-00:00:31,030 --> 00:00:33,310
-need to figure out what's wrong with the program, why
-
-12
-00:00:33,310 --> 00:00:37,140
-the wrong result was, produced. So we're going to add a break
-
-13
-00:00:37,140 --> 00:00:40,260
-point here by double-clicking here on the side of the
-
-14
-00:00:40,260 --> 00:00:42,940
-code. And the break point is basically a place where I'm
-
-15
-00:00:42,940 --> 00:00:46,240
-telling my debugger to stop during the execution because I
-
-16
-00:00:46,240 --> 00:00:50,750
-want to inspect the state of the program. So to start
-
-17
-00:00:50,750 --> 00:00:54,690
-debugging, we select Debug as Java Application from the Context
-
-18
-00:00:54,690 --> 00:00:58,170
-menu, similar to what we were doing for running the program.
-
-19
-00:00:58,170 --> 00:01:00,190
-And as you can see, this asks us whether we want
-
-20
-00:01:00,190 --> 00:01:03,720
-to pass to the debug perspective, which is a, a perspective
-
-21
-00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:07,110
-specifically designed for debugging. We say yes. And as you
-
-22
-00:01:07,110 --> 00:01:10,750
-see here, it shows us, it's like a different, set of
-
-23
-00:01:10,750 --> 00:01:13,310
-views, so we can see the code down here with an
-
-24
-00:01:13,310 --> 00:01:16,100
-indication of where the execution is. And of course the execution
-
-25
-00:01:16,100 --> 00:01:18,610
-stopped at the break point, which is exactly where
-
-26
-00:01:18,610 --> 00:01:21,850
-we told the debugger to stop. So let's look at
-
-27
-00:01:21,850 --> 00:01:24,400
-some of the other views in this perspective. The view
-
-28
-00:01:24,400 --> 00:01:27,370
-here on the right-hand side, for example, shows the variables
-
-29
-00:01:27,370 --> 00:01:30,720
-in scope and the break points that are currently active
-
-30
-00:01:30,720 --> 00:01:33,240
-for the debugging session. This is where the editor is
-
-31
-00:01:33,240 --> 00:01:36,710
-at. The outline of the program and the console at
-
-32
-00:01:36,710 --> 00:01:41,520
-the bottom. So now let's execute one line by clicking
-
-33
-00:01:41,520 --> 00:01:45,400
-on the Step Over button here at the top, and this will
-
-34
-00:01:45,400 --> 00:01:49,150
-execute the line that is currently highlighted and therefore it will move to
-
-35
-00:01:49,150 --> 00:01:51,500
-the next line. And as you can see, one nice feature is that
-
-36
-00:01:51,500 --> 00:01:54,760
-if I move the mouse over a variable, I can see the value
-
-37
-00:01:54,760 --> 00:01:57,710
-of the variable. And the same thing I can do if I look
-
-38
-00:01:57,710 --> 00:02:00,690
-at the variables windows here on the right. If I click it, it
-
-39
-00:02:00,690 --> 00:02:03,960
-will tell me what is the value of the variable, and in case
-
-40
-00:02:03,960 --> 00:02:07,410
-of more complex variables you can even expand it and get more details.
-
-41
-00:02:07,410 --> 00:02:10,870
-So now let's step over another line by clicking again this button,
-
-42
-00:02:10,870 --> 00:02:13,180
-and as you can see now we get to the line that
-
-43
-00:02:13,180 --> 00:02:16,410
-is actually performing the sum, supposedly, so now let's do the same
-
-44
-00:02:16,410 --> 00:02:19,100
-thing that we did before, and let's mouse over b, and we can
-
-45
-00:02:19,100 --> 00:02:22,150
-see that the value of b is five, as expected. So now
-
-46
-00:02:22,150 --> 00:02:27,080
-let's step over this line as well, and execute the actual sum. And
-
-47
-00:02:27,080 --> 00:02:29,730
-doing the mouseover thing, we can see that the value of sum
-
-48
-00:02:29,730 --> 00:02:33,000
-is ten, which is not right, of course. In fact, if we check
-
-49
-00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:35,590
-a gain we can see that value of A is two. The
-
-50
-00:02:35,590 --> 00:02:39,130
-value of B is five and therefore it's clear that there's something
-
-51
-00:02:39,130 --> 00:02:41,780
-wrong going on here, and at this point we can notice that
-
-52
-00:02:41,780 --> 00:02:44,030
-here we are doing multiplication instead
-
-53
-00:02:44,030 --> 00:02:46,010
-of addition. And therefore that's what the
-
-54
-00:02:46,010 --> 00:02:49,260
-error is. And this is clearly a very simple case. Right? A
-
-55
-00:02:49,260 --> 00:02:51,440
-case in which probably you just needed to look at the code and
-
-56
-00:02:51,440 --> 00:02:54,150
-you didn't need the debugger. But you probably got the idea right?
-
-57
-00:02:54,150 --> 00:02:58,055
-So this can be extremely useful when you're debugging, when you're studying more
-
-58
-00:02:58,055 --> 00:03:01,533
-complex programs. If you want to stop the debugger because you're
-
-59
-00:03:01,533 --> 00:03:04,557
-done with your debugging session as in this case, you can
-
-60
-00:03:04,557 --> 00:03:07,518
-either click here on the Terminate button or you can also
-
-61
-00:03:07,518 --> 00:03:11,109
-just simply tell the debugger to continue the execution, to resume
-
-62
-00:03:11,109 --> 00:03:15,140
-the execution until the program terminates naturally. So, in this case,
-
-63
-00:03:15,140 --> 00:03:17,520
-we're going to click here just to show what happens. And what
-
-64
-00:03:17,520 --> 00:03:20,230
-happens is that, you know, the execution will just continue until
-
-65
-00:03:20,230 --> 00:03:23,690
-the program exits. So now let's say that we want to fix
-
-66
-00:03:23,690 --> 00:03:27,740
-this problem that we just discovered. So we replace the multiplication
-
-67
-00:03:27,740 --> 00:03:30,600
-with an addition, we save the program, and we execute the
-
-68
-00:03:30,600 --> 00:03:33,860
-program again by clicking on this button. And at this point,
-
-69
-00:03:33,860 --> 00:03:37,320
-unsurprisingly, we get the right result as shown in the console.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 936e3db..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,440 --> 00:00:06,190
-Hi and welcome to the second lesson on tools of the trade. In the
-
-2
-00:00:06,190 --> 00:00:09,710
-previous lesson we talked about IDEs. Integrated
-
-3
-00:00:09,710 --> 00:00:13,300
-Development Environments and in particular we discussed
-
-4
-00:00:13,300 --> 00:00:16,460
-the eclipse ID. Today we're going to
-
-5
-00:00:16,460 --> 00:00:19,780
-talk about another fundamental type of tools
-
-6
-00:00:19,780 --> 00:00:22,840
-in the software engineering arena. Version control
-
-7
-00:00:22,840 --> 00:00:26,140
-systems. And these are also called, revision
-
-8
-00:00:26,140 --> 00:00:30,620
-or source control systems. In particular, we will focus on a
-
-9
-00:00:30,620 --> 00:00:36,320
-specific version control system called git. And as we did for eclipse,
-
-10
-00:00:36,320 --> 00:00:40,510
-we will first present git from a conceptual standpoint. And then
-
-11
-00:00:40,510 --> 00:00:44,200
-we will do a demo. To get some hands-on experience with GIT.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/10 - Introduction to GIT - lang_en_vs6.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/10 - Introduction to GIT - lang_en_vs6.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 201c7a5..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/10 - Introduction to GIT - lang_en_vs6.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:04,160
-One good representative of distributed version control systems, is
-
-2
-00:00:04,160 --> 00:00:08,320
-GIT. A distributed version control system that was initially designed
-
-3
-00:00:08,320 --> 00:00:11,297
-and developed by Linus Torvalds. I'm pretty sure you
-
-4
-00:00:11,297 --> 00:00:14,140
-know who Linus Torvalds is. He's basically this guy who
-
-5
-00:00:14,140 --> 00:00:17,070
-started and created the Linux operating system. And Linus
-
-6
-00:00:17,070 --> 00:00:20,140
-was unhappy with the existing version control systems, and wanted
-
-7
-00:00:20,140 --> 00:00:22,610
-a different one. He wanted to use it for maintaining
-
-8
-00:00:22,610 --> 00:00:25,330
-the Linux kernel. In particular, he wanted one with some
-
-9
-00:00:25,330 --> 00:00:28,550
-key characteristics. For example, the fact that it was distributed. He
-
-10
-00:00:28,550 --> 00:00:30,470
-wanted it to be fast. He wanted it to have a
-
-11
-00:00:30,470 --> 00:00:33,660
-simple design. And he wanted to have a strong support for
-
-12
-00:00:33,660 --> 00:00:37,370
-parallel branches, because many people were contributing to the kernel at the
-
-13
-00:00:37,370 --> 00:00:41,620
-same time. And therefore there many different branches of development. And
-
-14
-00:00:41,620 --> 00:00:45,120
-finally, he wanted for the virtual control system to be able to
-
-15
-00:00:45,120 --> 00:00:48,070
-handle large projects. As the Linux kernel is, and to do
-
-16
-00:00:48,070 --> 00:00:50,480
-it in an efficient way. So if you want to get an idea
-
-17
-00:00:50,480 --> 00:00:54,210
-of how popular GIT is today, there was a survey performed across the
-
-18
-00:00:54,210 --> 00:00:58,330
-Eclipse IDE users, and it showed that in 2013 GIT was used by
-
-19
-00:00:58,330 --> 00:01:02,950
-about 30% of the developers. So the, it had a 30% adoption rate.
-
-20
-00:01:02,950 --> 00:01:06,430
-So we will use a GIT as a version control system for the class.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/11 - Installing GIT - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/11 - Installing GIT - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 38eedc0..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/11 - Installing GIT - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:03,020
-As we did for Eclipse, and IDEs in general, we want
-
-2
-00:00:03,020 --> 00:00:05,133
-to start a GIT in a hands on way. So we're going
-
-3
-00:00:05,133 --> 00:00:08,425
-to start by seeing how to install GIT. And GIT is also
-
-4
-00:00:08,425 --> 00:00:12,440
-multiplatform, so you can install it no matter what operating system you
-
-5
-00:00:12,440 --> 00:00:15,980
-are using, unless of course you are using some arcane operating system.
-
-6
-00:00:15,980 --> 00:00:18,530
-But if you are using Linux, for instance, there should be a
-
-7
-00:00:18,530 --> 00:00:22,608
-package available that can install GIT for your specific distribution. If you're
-
-8
-00:00:22,608 --> 00:00:25,460
-using Mac OS, GIT is also available as part of XCode and
-
-9
-00:00:25,460 --> 00:00:29,270
-also as an independent package. Finally, if you're using Windows, GIT is
-
-10
-00:00:29,270 --> 00:00:33,090
-available as a package with an installer. In general, you can go
-
-11
-00:00:33,090 --> 00:00:37,290
-here to get information about how to get GIT, where to download
-
-12
-00:00:37,290 --> 00:00:39,975
-it, how to install it, and so on. So, now what I'd
-
-13
-00:00:39,975 --> 00:00:42,312
-like for you to do is to go, get GIT, install it,
-
-14
-00:00:42,312 --> 00:00:45,469
-in case you don't have it installed already on your machine. And
-
-15
-00:00:45,469 --> 00:00:48,253
-after that, you should be able to run GIT from the command
-
-16
-00:00:48,253 --> 00:00:51,120
-line. And, that's exactly what we're going to do through a demo.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/12 - GIT Workflow - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/12 - GIT Workflow - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 84f0f2e..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/12 - GIT Workflow - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,507 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,070 --> 00:00:02,100
-But before jumping into the demo I would like
-
-2
-00:00:02,100 --> 00:00:05,370
-to give a high level overview of the GIT workflow,
-
-3
-00:00:05,370 --> 00:00:08,420
-which will help you better, following the demo. So let
-
-4
-00:00:08,420 --> 00:00:12,480
-me start by representing four fundamental elements in the GIT
-
-5
-00:00:12,480 --> 00:00:15,640
-workflow which are these four: the workspace which is your
-
-6
-00:00:15,640 --> 00:00:19,980
-local directory. The index, also called the stage, and we'll
-
-7
-00:00:19,980 --> 00:00:22,470
-see in a minute what the index is. Then, we
-
-8
-00:00:22,470 --> 00:00:25,380
-have the local repository. We'll also refer to this as
-
-9
-00:00:25,380 --> 00:00:27,910
-HEAD in the, when we explain the different commands
-
-10
-00:00:27,910 --> 00:00:31,340
-and then, the word flow. And finally, the remote repository.
-
-11
-00:00:31,340 --> 00:00:34,600
-If you consider a file in your work space it
-
-12
-00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:37,860
-can be in three possible states. It can be committed
-
-13
-00:00:37,860 --> 00:00:40,170
-which means that the data, the latest changes to the
-
-14
-00:00:40,170 --> 00:00:45,030
-file are safely stored here. It could be modified, which
-
-15
-00:00:45,030 --> 00:00:47,840
-is the case of the file being changed and no,
-
-16
-00:00:47,840 --> 00:00:50,710
-none of these changes being saved to the local repository
-
-17
-00:00:50,710 --> 00:00:54,440
-so locally modified or it can be staged. And
-
-18
-00:00:54,440 --> 00:00:58,270
-stage means that the file is basically part of this
-
-19
-00:00:58,270 --> 00:01:01,620
-index. And what that means, that it's been tagged
-
-20
-00:01:01,620 --> 00:01:04,890
-to be considered in the next commit. And I know
-
-21
-00:01:04,890 --> 00:01:08,070
-that this is not all 100% intuitive, so let's
-
-22
-00:01:08,070 --> 00:01:10,860
-look at that again by considering the actual workflow and
-
-23
-00:01:10,860 --> 00:01:12,680
-let's see what happens when you issue the different
-
-24
-00:01:12,680 --> 00:01:16,060
-commands in git. So the first command that you normally
-
-25
-00:01:16,060 --> 00:01:18,520
-run in case you, you're getting access to a remote
-
-26
-00:01:18,520 --> 00:01:21,940
-repository, is the git clone command. And the git clone,
-
-27
-00:01:21,940 --> 00:01:24,880
-followed by the url for that repository, will create a
-
-28
-00:01:24,880 --> 00:01:28,580
-local copy of the repository in your workspace. And of
-
-29
-00:01:28,580 --> 00:01:30,310
-course, you don't have to do this step if you're
-
-30
-00:01:30,310 --> 00:01:34,380
-creating the repository yourself. The next command that we already
-
-31
-00:01:34,380 --> 00:01:38,170
-saw is the command add. And what the command add
-
-32
-00:01:38,170 --> 00:01:41,130
-does is to add a file that is in the
-
-33
-00:01:41,130 --> 00:01:44,630
-workspace to this index. And we say that after that, the
-
-34
-00:01:44,630 --> 00:01:48,700
-file is staged. So it's marked to be committed, but not
-
-35
-00:01:48,700 --> 00:01:53,350
-yet committed. And here I'm just mentioning this minus u option.
-
-36
-00:01:53,350 --> 00:01:56,330
-If you specify the minus u option, you will also consider deleted
-
-37
-00:01:56,330 --> 00:01:58,820
-files File, but let's not get there for now, we'll talk
-
-38
-00:01:58,820 --> 00:02:01,240
-about that when we do the demo. As I said, if you
-
-39
-00:02:01,240 --> 00:02:03,720
-add the file, it just gets added to this index but
-
-40
-00:02:03,720 --> 00:02:06,430
-is not actually committed, so what you need to do, is to
-
-41
-00:02:06,430 --> 00:02:10,389
-commit the file, so when you execute git commit, all the
-
-42
-00:02:10,389 --> 00:02:13,970
-files that are staged, that are released it here, their changes
-
-43
-00:02:13,970 --> 00:02:17,080
-will be committed to the local repository. So your files, as
-
-44
-00:02:17,080 --> 00:02:18,970
-I was saying, they can be in three states. They will
-
-45
-00:02:18,970 --> 00:02:21,820
-go from the modified state to the stage state when you
-
-46
-00:02:21,820 --> 00:02:24,200
-execute the app. And then from the stage state to the
-
-47
-00:02:24,200 --> 00:02:27,510
-committed state when you perform a GIT Commit. Okay, so at
-
-48
-00:02:27,510 --> 00:02:31,780
-this point your changes are safely stored in the local repository.
-
-49
-00:02:31,780 --> 00:02:34,370
-Notice that you can also perform these two steps at
-
-50
-00:02:34,370 --> 00:02:38,150
-once by executing a Commit -a. So if you have
-
-51
-00:02:38,150 --> 00:02:40,920
-a set of modified files, and all these files are
-
-52
-00:02:40,920 --> 00:02:44,550
-already part of the repository, so they're already known to diversion
-
-53
-00:02:44,550 --> 00:02:47,540
-control system, you can simply execute a commit -a.
-
-54
-00:02:47,540 --> 00:02:50,040
-And what the commit -a command will do, it
-
-55
-00:02:50,040 --> 00:02:53,080
-will stage your file and then commit them. All at
-
-56
-00:02:53,080 --> 00:02:56,650
-once. So it's a convenient shortcut. Of course, as I said,
-
-57
-00:02:56,650 --> 00:02:58,710
-this will not work if the file is a new file.
-
-58
-00:02:58,710 --> 00:03:00,730
-So if a file is a new file, you have to manually add
-
-59
-00:03:00,730 --> 00:03:04,620
-it. Otherwise commit -a will just stage and commit at once.
-
-60
-00:03:04,620 --> 00:03:07,400
-As we discussed when we looked at the diffence between centralized
-
-61
-00:03:07,400 --> 00:03:10,520
-and decentralized version console system. We saw that in the case
-
-62
-00:03:10,520 --> 00:03:13,930
-of the decentralized, there is a local repository which is this one.
-
-63
-00:03:13,930 --> 00:03:17,190
-And then you have to explicitly push your changes to a remote
-
-64
-00:03:17,190 --> 00:03:21,850
-repository, and this is exactly what the git push command does. It pushes
-
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-your changes that are in the local repository to the remote repository
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-so at this point all of your changes will be
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-visible to anyone who has access to the remote repository.
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-Now, let's see the opposite flow so how does it
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-work when you're actually getting files from the repository instead
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-of committing files to the repository. So the first command
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-I want to mention is the get fetch command and
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-what the get fetch command does is to get files from
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-the remote repositories to your local repository, but not yet to
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-your working directory. And we will see what is the usefullness of
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-doing this operation. Of having the files all in the local respository,
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-but not in your local directory. So, what that means, just to
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-make sure that we're on the same page. Is that you
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-will not see these files when you workspace. You will still have
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-your local files here. So this is sort of a physical distinction.
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-In order to get your data files from the local repositories to
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-your workspace you have to issue another command. Which is
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-the command git merge. Git merge will take the changes in
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-local repository and get them to your local workspace. So at
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-this point your files will be updated. To what is in
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-the remote reposity. Or at least what was in the
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-remote reposity at the time of the fetch. SImilarly to what
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-happened for the add and commit. There's a shortcut which is
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-the command git pull. So in case you want to get
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-the changes directly. To your work space with a single
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-command, you can issue a git pull command and what will
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-happen, is that the changes will get collected from the
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-remote repository and they will go to your local repository and
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-to your work space, at once. So this has the
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-same affect as performing a git fetch and a git merge.
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-So if we can do everything in one command, why,
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-why we want to fetch and berch as two separate operations?
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-So one of the reason is because this allows us
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-to compare files before we actually get the latest version
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-of the files. In particular, I can run the command
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-git diff head to get the difference between my local files,
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-the files in my working directory, and the files in
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-my local repository. So what I can do, I can
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-fetch the files from the remote repository, and once I
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-fetch these files. I can run a git diff head and
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-check what the differences are. And based on the differences decide
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-whether I want to merge or not. So while we are talking about
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-git diff, there is something else that you can use with the
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-diff command. So what you can do, you can run git diff
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-without further specifying head. In this case, what the command tell you
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-is the difference between the files that you have in your work
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-space and the ones that are staged for a commit. So basically,
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-what it will be telling you, is that what you could still
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-add to the stage for the further commit, and that you
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-haven't already. So what local changes will not make it to the
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-next commit, basically. And this you can use, for example, as
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-a sanity check before doing a commit to make sure all the
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-local changes that you have, and that you want to commit,
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-are actually staged and therefore will be considered. So now we will
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-cover all of the commands that we saw here. In our practical
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-demo. But please feel free to refer back to this Git Workflow
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-to get a kind of a high level vision. Or maybe you want to keep it next to
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-you, because this really gives you the overall structure
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-and the overall view of what happens when you
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-run the different commands. And it also helps you
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-visualize The different elements that are relevant when you're
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-using GIT. So the workspace, once more, the index
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-or stage, the local repository, and the remote repository.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/13 - GIT Demo: Intro to Git - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/13 - GIT Demo: Intro to Git - lang_en_vs5.srt
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@@ -1,1095 +0,0 @@
-1
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-In this first part of the git demo, we will
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-2
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-call it the basics of git. So for example, how to
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-3
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-introduce yourself to git, how to create a repository, how to
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-4
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-commit changes and get changes from the repository, and so on.
-
-5
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-So after you installed git you should have the git tool
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-available on the command line, so you can run the command
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-git and, if you just execute git you will get the
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-8
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-usage information for git, with the most commonly used git commands.
-
-9
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-And to find information on any command, you can simply
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-type git help and the name of the command. For
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-11
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-example, lets try to write git help init. And that
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-12
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-brings up the git manual page for git init, which describes
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-the command, the synopsis, and so on. Now, lets get
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-started with using git by introducing ourselves to git, which is
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-the first thing we need to do. To do that
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-16
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-we use the git config command, in particular we are going to
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-write to the git config minus, minus global
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-user dot name. Which means we are telling it
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-our user name. We'll specify our user name which
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-in this case is George P. Burdell. You could
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-also provide your email address in the same
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-way. So you still use the git config --global
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-command. But in this case you will write user.email
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-as the property. And then you'll specify a suitable
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-email address. In this case, the email address of George P.
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-Burdell. We will now look at some commonly used commands that to
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-create and maintain a local repository. Let's first create a
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-new project and call it my project. So, to do that we
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-are simply going to create a directory and then we're going
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-to move into that directory. Now, if we try to call the
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-git status command at this point to see what's the state of
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-my project, of course git doesn't know anything about this project, right?
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-So, you will get an error. It will tell you that, basically,
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-we're not in a git repository. So how do we create a git
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-repository? How do we make this? A Git repository, but we do it
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-by calling git init and the output will tell you that the
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-repository was initialized. If we check the status again, you will see
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-that now Git recognizes the repository and will tell you that there is
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-nothing to commit because, of course,
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-the repository is completely empty. So let's
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-just create a new, empty file. Which we're going to call REAME. So
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-now if you run git status, as you can see, git will
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-tell you there is a file that's called README, but it's untracked.
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-Now what that means is that the file not staged, if you
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-remember our lesson. So what we need to do, we first need
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-to tell git that, you know, this needs to be considered. And
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-the way we do that, is by calling the git at command
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-and then we specify README as the argument for the command. If
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-we call again, Git status. Now, as you can see, Git knows
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-that there is a new file called README, because the file
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-is staged. So Git is aware of the fact that this
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-file has to be committed. So, to commit a file,
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-we simply execute git commit, which will open a text editor, which
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-can be different, depending on what is your environment, and here
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-we need to add a comment to be added to the commit.
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-So here we simply write in Added README file, then we
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-can close and save And this will add the file to the
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-Git repository. The local Git repository of course. At this
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-point, if we ran Git status again to see where we are.
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-You can see that Git tells you that there is nothing
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-to commit. Because of course the only file that we have, is
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-committed to the repository. Now, let's make some changes to our
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-README file. I'm just going to add some text here. Once more, we
-
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-can run git status, and at this point, git knows about
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-this file. So, it will know that README file has been modified.
-
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-Remember that before, it was telling you that it was a new
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-file, now it knows that there was a different version in the
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-repository. So something we can do, at this point, for example, is
-
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-to check the differences. Between this file and the committed one by
-
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-executing get diff readme and if you look at the output of
-
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-the get diff command here, you can see that this line, readme
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-file content was added and you'll see that it was added because
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-there's a plus sign before that line. In case of deletion of lines,
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-you'll see a minusm sign there. So at this point, if we
-
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-want to commit our file, remember that we'll always have to tell git
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-that we want to stage the file before committing it. Otherwise, it
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-will be ignored by the commit operation. So to tell git, that the
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-file has to be staged, we will, can use the usual git
-
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-add command. But if you remember the lesson, we can also use a
-
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-shortcut. So you, we don't really have to do this in two steps.
-
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-We can simply say, git commit -a, and this will tell git to
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-commit all of the files that git knows about, which in this
-
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-case is only the written file of course. Something else that we can
-
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-do, is that we can also provide the right away message for
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-the commit, without having to open an editor. So, to do that we
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-can specify the -n option. And at this point a we can
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-just put a in double quotes our content we press enter and as
-
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-you can see it will notify us that one file was changed
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-and in particular it will also tell you that there was an a
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-insertion again if we run git status you will see that
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-there is nothing else to commit. So now lets imagine that
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-you want to see the version history for your repository. You
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-can do that by running the git log command. So if
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-you run that, it will show you all the different commits
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-For your repository. And each commit has got a commit ID, as
-
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-you can see here and the one down here is
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-the first commit, where as the one above is the second commit.
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-And as you can see, we'll also show you the comments associated
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-with each commit. And in case you wanted to see the changes introduced
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-by a commit. You can use that git show command, and you
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-can provide the commit ID for the commit that you're interested in.
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-And you don't really need to provide the whole ID, you can
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-provide the first four or more characters. So that's what we're going to
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-do here. So we're going to specify the second commit, and when we
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-execute the command it will show use the changes introduced by that commit.
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-To fetch a repository from a remote server, you can
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-use the git clone command. So you will write git clone
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-and then specify the URL. For the remote repository. Here
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-we are using the SSH protocal and there are different protocals
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-that can be used, so the remote repository can be
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-made available in different ways. As you can see, when you
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-clone the project, the project is cloned into the local directory.
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-If you wanted to import the project under a different name.
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-You could just specify the name that you want for the
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-Local Directory. For example, in this case, myproject2. And,
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-so here you'll get the project in my local work space
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-with the name that I specified. So, let's go inside one
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-of these two projects that have the same content because they're
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-coming from the repository. If you want to see the details
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-of the server you can use the remote command and specify
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-the flag -v. And here we'll show you what is the remote
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-repository now let's go ahead to make some changes to the project
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-for example let's add a file. So I'm just going to create this
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-empty file which I am going to call new file I'm going to
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-add it to my index so that it gets committed. Later on and
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-then I'm going to run git commit to actually commit it to the
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-local repository. And I'm going to specify the comment for the commit right
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-away here from the command line. So when we do that the
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-file gets added to my local repository. And if we want to double
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-check that, we can run git log. And if you look at
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-the last commit at the top, you can see that it's telling
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-me that the new file was added to the repository, showing the
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-comment that I added. But this is just for the local repository,
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-so I need to use the git push command to push it
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-to the remote repository. And at this point, when I run that,
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-my local changes will be committed. To the remote repository. So now
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-let's go to the other copy of the project that we created.
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-The one under directory myproject2. If you remember this project was
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-linked up to the same remote project. But of course, if we run
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-get log here, we don't see this latest change that we made, because
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-we didn't synchronize this local copy with the remote copy. And so we
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-just have these files, the README and ,Five that worked there before.
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-So what we need to do is that we need to pull the
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-changes from the remote repository using git pull, and when we do that,
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-that will actually pull these changes and therefore, create the new files that
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-we created in the other directory. And if we run git log now,
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-you can see that now we have the new entry. The comment at
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-the top, that says this new file was added and of course, this
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-is just an example, so we had two copies of the project on the
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-same machine and for the same user, so the normal users scenario for
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-this, it will be that, each user will have their local copy, but this
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-should have given you the idea of how, git allows you to work
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-on some local file. Commit them and push them to a remote repository and
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-other users to get your changes, do further changes push
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-them as well and then, you know, they will allow you
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-to get their changes, and so on and so forth. So
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-really allows this collaboration between different users and keeping track
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-of all the changes made by the different users. So now
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-let's look at some more advanced concept, which are the concept
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-of branching, and merging. So what branching means is basically is
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-to make a copy, to create a branch of the current
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-project so that we can work on that copy indpendently from the
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-other copy, from the other branch. And then we can decide whether
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-we want to keep, both branches, or we want to merge them at
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-some point. And you can of course have multiple branches, not just two.
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-And the reason why this is particularly useful is because in many
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-cases if you think, about the way we develop software in general,
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-we work with artifacts. We might have the need to create kind
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-of a separate copy of your work space. To do some experiments for example.
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-So you want to change something in
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-the code, you're not really sure it's going to
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-work and you don't want to touch
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-your main copy. So that's the perfect application
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-for branching. If you want to do
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-something like that...you want to experiment or do
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-some modifications that you're not sure about,
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-you will branch your code, you will do
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-the changes...and then if you're happy with
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-the changes, you will merge that branch
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-with the original one, or worse if you're not happy with the changes you will
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-just throw away that branch. So this is just one possible use of branch but
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-it's one of the main uses of that. So in all let's see how that
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-can be done with git. So first of all if you
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-want to see which branches are currently present in your project, you can
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-simply execute git branch, and in this case, you can see
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-that there's only one branch, which is called master, and the star
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-there indicates that this is our current branch. So how do
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-we create a new branch? So we simply run the command
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-git branch and specify a name for the new branch, for example we'll
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-call it newBranch, to make it very explicit. At this point,
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-if we run git branch of course, we will have
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-a new branch plus master will still be our current branch. So
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-if you want to switch to the new branch, we will use
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-the git checkout command and specify the name of the branch that
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-we want to become our current branch. So when we run that,
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-git will tell us that we switched to the new branch. And
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-if we run git branch you will see that now the star
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-is next to newBranch because that's our current branch. There is a
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-shortcut for these two commands. If you run the command git
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-checkout specify the -b flag and then the name of
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-the new branch it will do both things at the same
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-time. It will create the new branch called testing in this
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-case, and then it will switch to new branch and then
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-it will tell you after executing the command. So now if
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-we look at the git branch output, you can see that
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-there is three branches and we are currently on the testing branch.
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-So now let's create a new file and just call it test
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-file, put some content in there, save it, we edit and commit it.
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-And as you can see, now in this current branch, we have our
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-testFile. So now let's switch to a different branch. So let's go back
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-to the master branch using the usual git checkout command. So now if
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-we do an ls, if we check the content of the current directory,
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-we can see that the testFile is not there, because of course, it's
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-not in this branch. so now let's assume that we are happy with
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-the testFile that we created, with the modification that we made on the
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-branch. And so we want to merge that branch with our master branch.
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-To do that we can call the git merge command and
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-we'll specify the branch that we want to merge with the current
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-one. So we will specify testing in this case. That will merge
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-the testing branch with the current branch, which is the master. Which
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-means that now the testfile is in my current working directory,
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-is in my current, Current branch. And if I run the branch,
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-you'll see that the testing branch is obviously still there, so let's
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-assume that we want to delete the testing branch at this point
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-because we don't need it anymore. We could simply execute
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-the branch -d which stands for -delete, specify
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-the name of the branch and this will eliminate that
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-branch as confirmed by running the command git branch or the
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-testing branch no longer shows up. So, something that might
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-happen when you merge a branch is, is that you
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-might have conflicts For example, in case you change the,
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-the same file into different branches. So, let's see an example
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-of that. So, we're going to check which branches we have,
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-so we have two branches, in this case, master and newBranch
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-Our current branch is master. Let's open this file called new
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-file and, add some content there. So now let's commit
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-this changes to the get to the local repository. Now
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-let's switch to the other branch and if you remember we
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-do this by running git checkout and the name of the
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-branch. And at this point we do the same operation here.
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-So we take this file and we change it here to. In this
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-case we have content that reflects the fact that we are. In the
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-new branch just for convenience. At this point, we also can move the
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-file here. The comment here is, of course, that this is the new
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-file in the new branch. So, at this point, what we have here
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-is that we have this file called newfile that has been modified
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-independently both in the master branch and in the new branch. So we
-
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-have a conflict. Right? So, now, let's switch back to the master branch.
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-So now, let's say we want to merge the two branches. So
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-since we are in master, we want to say that when I
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-merge the new branch into the current one. And when we run
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-that, we get an auto merging conflict. So at this point what
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-we can do, is that we can manually fix the conflict by
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-opening the new file. So the file that was showing the conflict.
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-So here you can see the kind of of information that you get
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-in the conflicted file. So it's telling you basically that there is
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-in the head which is the, the master this conflict. Which is new
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-file in master. Which is the content that we added of course. And
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-then you know, under, you know, the separator you can see the content
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-that was added in the new branch. Which is the contents in new
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-file, in new branch. So basically, what this is showing you is the
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-parts of the file that are conflicting. In this case, we only have
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-one line, is basically the whole file into two versions and you can
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-decide which version you want to keep or how you want to merge in
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-general, the two pieces. So here, let's assume that we
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-want to keep the content from the master. So what we're
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-going to do is we're going to elimate the annotations
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-and we're going to eliminate the additional content. We save this
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-file. So at this point what we need to do
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-is simply to commit the modified file (the merge file) and we
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-do that in the normal way. We call git add, specifying
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-the file, so git add newfile. Then we run git commit
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-newfile, and we specify in the comment for clarity that this is the merged file,
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-so that we performed a merge. And at this point we are done with our merge.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/14 - GIT Demo: Git + Eclipse - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/14 - GIT Demo: Git + Eclipse - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index b95877b..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/14 - GIT Demo: Git + Eclipse - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,307 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,580
-Now that we saw some of the git basic
-
-2
-00:00:02,580 --> 00:00:05,689
-functionalities in practice, let's go a step further. If
-
-3
-00:00:05,689 --> 00:00:08,420
-you remember I mentioned before that many of these
-
-4
-00:00:08,420 --> 00:00:12,250
-version control systems are actually integrated into IDE's. So
-
-5
-00:00:12,250 --> 00:00:14,540
-what were going to look at next is what happens
-
-6
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-if we put together git and eclipse. And the
-
-7
-00:00:17,500 --> 00:00:20,960
-result is egit, or EGit is a plug in
-
-8
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-for the eclipse IDE that adds git functionality to eclipse.
-
-9
-00:00:25,520 --> 00:00:27,880
-So let's see how that works in practice. So
-
-10
-00:00:27,880 --> 00:00:31,400
-support for git is available in many IDE's including
-
-11
-00:00:31,400 --> 00:00:33,920
-Eclipse. And if you want to get github
-
-12
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-for Eclipse, you should go to eclipse.github.com and you can
-
-13
-00:00:38,620 --> 00:00:41,445
-download the plugin. So this bring us to the
-
-14
-00:00:41,445 --> 00:00:44,530
-plugin page and you can use the provided URL
-
-15
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-and directions to install the plugin. In this case
-
-16
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-we're going to copy this address. So we're going to
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-17
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-Eclipse, Help, Install new software. We can click on Add
-
-18
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-to add a new site from which to get software. We
-
-19
-00:00:56,810 --> 00:00:59,110
-paste the location that we just copied here. And we
-
-20
-00:00:59,110 --> 00:01:02,842
-can give it a descriptive name. In this case I'll just
-
-21
-00:01:02,842 --> 00:01:06,645
-call it Eclipse Git plugin. Then when I click okay,
-
-22
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-Eclipse will go, and look for plugins. And as you can
-
-23
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-see, there are two options. We can select both of them,
-
-24
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-and click on next. You can see that the Eclipse identified
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-a few dependencies. You can click next and accept them. You can
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-26
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-accept the terms and conditions for the plug in, and then just
-
-27
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-finish. And at this point, Eclipse will install the plugin, which might
-
-28
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-take a little bit of time. So we're just going to speed it up.
-
-29
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-And when Eclipse is done, you will get this prompt that will
-
-30
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-tell you that you need to restart Eclipse for the plugin to
-
-31
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-be actually installed. And at this point, you want to click yes. And
-
-32
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-when Eclipse restarts. You'll have your plugin. We're going to go to the git
-
-33
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-repository perspective that we can select here. And when we click
-
-34
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-OK, you can see that our display will change. And since
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-35
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-we don't have any repository yet, we are provided with the
-
-36
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-possibility of adding an existing local git repository, cloning a git repository
-
-37
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-or creating a new local git repository. We're going to add an
-
-38
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-existing local repository. This is the one that we created earlier,
-
-39
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-so we'll select it and click finish, and you can see
-
-40
-00:02:02,170 --> 00:02:05,660
-that my project is now added to this set of git repositories.
-
-41
-00:02:05,660 --> 00:02:09,240
-Now let's check out the project from the repository by selecting import
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-42
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-project. And here you can import something as an existing project, you
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-43
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-can use a new project wizard, and in this case I chose
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-the option of importing as a general project. Then I click Next and
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-45
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-as you can see, I have the project name up there and
-
-46
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-I can click Finish. So now, if I go to the resource perspective
-
-47
-00:02:24,630 --> 00:02:27,740
-by clicking here, I can see that the project has been added
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-to my set of projects. And I can see all the files within
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-49
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-the project, particularly, if I click on the README, you can see
-
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-that we have the Readme file that we created before. Same thing for
-
-51
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-the test file. One thing I can do at this point, it
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-to execute different git commands, perform
-
-53
-00:02:41,070 --> 00:02:43,430
-different git operations by using the team
-
-54
-00:02:43,430 --> 00:02:47,010
-submenu in the contactual menu. And here there are several things
-
-55
-00:02:47,010 --> 00:02:50,650
-I can do including some advanced commands. And just to give it a
-
-56
-00:02:50,650 --> 00:02:53,200
-shot, I am going to try to click show local history, and this
-
-57
-00:02:53,200 --> 00:02:56,180
-shows the history of the file. For example it shows the author and
-
-58
-00:02:56,180 --> 00:02:59,200
-it shows when he was created, when he was authored. Lets make
-
-59
-00:02:59,200 --> 00:03:02,810
-some changes to this file by adding some new content. Okay. I saved
-
-60
-00:03:02,810 --> 00:03:05,160
-the file and now I can see that error that indicates that my
-
-61
-00:03:05,160 --> 00:03:08,620
-file was locally changed. So now if I go to the team menu,
-
-62
-00:03:08,620 --> 00:03:11,380
-you can see that I have the option to add to the index,
-
-63
-00:03:11,380 --> 00:03:14,686
-to stage the file. And now I got this new label that star
-
-64
-00:03:14,686 --> 00:03:17,980
-that shows the files added to the index. And now at this point,
-
-65
-00:03:17,980 --> 00:03:21,270
-I can go to the team menu again and I can actually commit
-
-66
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-the file by selecting the corresponding entry. This allows me to enter
-
-67
-00:03:25,480 --> 00:03:28,390
-the commit message, exactly in the same way which I could do
-
-68
-00:03:28,390 --> 00:03:31,250
-that from the command line with the textual editor. And after I
-
-69
-00:03:31,250 --> 00:03:34,050
-put the comment there, I can actually commit. And now if we
-
-70
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-look at the history view, we can see here that we have
-
-71
-00:03:36,320 --> 00:03:38,960
-a new version for the file that we just modified. And we
-
-72
-00:03:38,960 --> 00:03:42,250
-can also see the commit comment. And, at this point, if we
-
-73
-00:03:42,250 --> 00:03:46,450
-had remote repository we could push our changes to that remote repository
-
-74
-00:03:46,450 --> 00:03:49,330
-as well. Again, using the team submenu and
-
-75
-00:03:49,330 --> 00:03:52,170
-the contextual menu. And, speaking of remote repositories, what we
-
-76
-00:03:52,170 --> 00:03:55,230
-are going to see next is how to use GitHub
-
-77
-00:03:55,230 --> 00:03:58,640
-repositories which are remote repositories that are hosted on GitHub.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/15 - GIT Demo: Github - lang_en_vs3.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/15 - GIT Demo: Github - lang_en_vs3.srt
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index 5e842d7..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/15 - GIT Demo: Github - lang_en_vs3.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,239 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:02,820
-In the interview that we did at the beginning of the class,
-
-2
-00:00:02,820 --> 00:00:08,430
-we talked with John about GitHub, where GitHub is a Git hosting website, and
-
-3
-00:00:08,430 --> 00:00:11,390
-John told you all about it. For this class, we will be
-
-4
-00:00:11,390 --> 00:00:16,350
-using GitHub as our Git hosting. Let's see how GitHub works in practice and
-
-5
-00:00:16,350 --> 00:00:19,450
-let's see some of the common features offered by GitHub.
-
-6
-00:00:19,450 --> 00:00:24,010
-This is what we'll do in the third part of this Git demo. What I'm showing here
-
-7
-00:00:24,010 --> 00:00:28,550
-is the GitHub website and as I said, GitHub is a Git hosting website and
-
-8
-00:00:28,550 --> 00:00:32,950
-you can create an account on GitHub by simply signing up on the website. And
-
-9
-00:00:32,950 --> 00:00:36,100
-because we already have an account that we're simply going to sign in
-
-10
-00:00:36,100 --> 00:00:40,570
-to see what kind of functionality GitHub offers. And we're going to specify our
-
-11
-00:00:40,570 --> 00:00:44,190
-username and password. And as you can see on the GitHub website,
-
-12
-00:00:44,190 --> 00:00:47,695
-you can use this menu up on the right to create a new repository or
-
-13
-00:00:47,695 --> 00:00:51,500
-change the account settings. Let's click on our user profile. And
-
-14
-00:00:51,500 --> 00:00:54,270
-here we can see some statistics for our user. For
-
-15
-00:00:54,270 --> 00:00:59,190
-example, we can see statistic about our contributions and our repositories. So
-
-16
-00:00:59,190 --> 00:01:02,560
-now if we go to the Repositories view, we can create a new repository.
-
-17
-00:01:02,560 --> 00:01:07,117
-We give it a name. Let's call it myrepo. We can provide the description for
-
-18
-00:01:07,117 --> 00:01:11,680
-the repository. If we want, we can initialize the repository by adding a README
-
-19
-00:01:11,680 --> 00:01:15,860
-file. And even though we are not doing it right now, if you can see up here,
-
-20
-00:01:15,860 --> 00:01:19,820
-you can also add a license here on the right and it allows you
-
-21
-00:01:19,820 --> 00:01:24,831
-to choose from a set of predefined licenses. And you can also a .gitignore file,
-
-22
-00:01:24,831 --> 00:01:28,410
-which, in case you don't know what that is, it's a very convenient file that
-
-23
-00:01:28,410 --> 00:01:32,740
-will automatically exclude from the repositories file that should not be added.
-
-24
-00:01:32,740 --> 00:01:35,690
-So if you remember in the lesson we said there are things that you should not
-
-25
-00:01:35,690 --> 00:01:39,263
-add to the repositories. For example, derived files. So
-
-26
-00:01:39,263 --> 00:01:42,360
-here, using this menu, you can pick the type of project that you have.
-
-27
-00:01:42,360 --> 00:01:47,740
-For example, Java project or PHP project or many other kinds of projects. And
-
-28
-00:01:47,740 --> 00:01:50,510
-the GitHub will automatically add that file for you.
-
-29
-00:01:50,510 --> 00:01:53,680
-But let's skip that for now and simply create our repository. And
-
-30
-00:01:53,680 --> 00:01:58,000
-that creates a repository that contains the README file because that's what we
-
-31
-00:01:58,000 --> 00:02:02,580
-decided to do. And it also allows you to edit the README file by clicking on it.
-
-32
-00:02:02,580 --> 00:02:05,560
-It will bring up an editor and here you can write, you know,
-
-33
-00:02:05,560 --> 00:02:08,949
-for example, initial readme for your project. Then you can add your
-
-34
-00:02:08,949 --> 00:02:13,070
-commit message up there and then you can commit the changes to your README file.
-
-35
-00:02:13,070 --> 00:02:18,212
-The site also provides many other features, like, for example, creating issues,
-
-36
-00:02:18,212 --> 00:02:22,030
-pull requests, adding and editing a wiki, and also, you know,
-
-37
-00:02:22,030 --> 00:02:25,740
-defining other characteristics and settings for the repository. Now, if we go to
-
-38
-00:02:25,740 --> 00:02:30,500
-the repository, you can see that we also get the HTTPS link for the repository.
-
-39
-00:02:30,500 --> 00:02:35,870
-So this is the URL that you can use to clone your repository. If you remember,
-
-40
-00:02:35,870 --> 00:02:39,250
-with a git clone command, that's the URL that you can specify. So
-
-41
-00:02:39,250 --> 00:02:43,480
-let's try to do that and clone that repository. So we're going to copy this URL.
-
-42
-00:02:43,480 --> 00:02:48,300
-To do that, we're going to execute git clone and specify the URL that we
-
-43
-00:02:48,300 --> 00:02:52,310
-just copied. And you can see that the project was created, was cloned locally.
-
-44
-00:02:52,310 --> 00:02:55,760
-And if we go under myrepo, which is the name of the repository, you can see that
-
-45
-00:02:55,760 --> 00:02:59,570
-the README file that we created on GitHub is here. So if we create a new file,
-
-46
-00:02:59,570 --> 00:03:03,340
-which we're going to call again, newFile just to be clear. And then we
-
-47
-00:03:03,340 --> 00:03:07,920
-can add it, commit it, specifying as usual a commit message. So at this point,
-
-48
-00:03:07,920 --> 00:03:11,940
-we can push our locked out changes to the remote GitHub repository. And
-
-49
-00:03:11,940 --> 00:03:14,340
-because the GitHub repository is password protected,
-
-50
-00:03:14,340 --> 00:03:17,660
-we have to specify our login and password. And of course, if you
-
-51
-00:03:17,660 --> 00:03:21,770
-pass the wrong password, GitHub is not going to let you in. So let's try again.
-
-52
-00:03:21,770 --> 00:03:25,110
-Let's try to get the password right this time. I'm going to specify again,
-
-53
-00:03:25,110 --> 00:03:31,130
-my login and my password. At this point, the push is successful and
-
-54
-00:03:31,130 --> 00:03:35,220
-my changes are actually pushed to the master, which is the GitHub repository.
-
-55
-00:03:35,220 --> 00:03:39,020
-To double check that, let's go back to the GitHub repository and as you can see,
-
-56
-00:03:39,020 --> 00:03:42,470
-that the file that we added, newFile, is there as expected. And of course,
-
-57
-00:03:42,470 --> 00:03:45,880
-there's many more things that you can do on the GitHub website, so
-
-58
-00:03:45,880 --> 00:03:48,410
-I strongly encourage you to go and try out things. But
-
-59
-00:03:48,410 --> 00:03:51,980
-the key message here is that the GitHub is a Git hosting website where you
-
-60
-00:03:51,980 --> 00:03:54,990
-can get an account and create your remote repositories.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/16 - GIT Recap - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/16 - GIT Recap - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index b35fc59..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/16 - GIT Recap - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:02,212
-Now that we are done with our demo, I just want
-
-2
-00:00:02,212 --> 00:00:05,910
-to go through a quick GIT recap to remind you of the
-
-3
-00:00:05,910 --> 00:00:08,720
-main commands that we saw, and what they do. And you can
-
-4
-00:00:08,720 --> 00:00:11,290
-also use these as sort of a reference when you work with
-
-5
-00:00:11,290 --> 00:00:13,940
-GIT. And by the way, if you look around and you do
-
-6
-00:00:13,940 --> 00:00:16,960
-a search, you can see that there's tons of examples on the
-
-7
-00:00:16,960 --> 00:00:22,170
-web of GitHub tutorials, videos, examples, manuals. So feel free to
-
-8
-00:00:22,170 --> 00:00:25,910
-explore. And I'm actually going to put some references to tutorials and
-
-9
-00:00:25,910 --> 00:00:29,100
-videos that I found particularly useful in the notes for the class.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/17 - GIT Recap: Local Repositories - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/17 - GIT Recap: Local Repositories - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index c29fae8..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/17 - GIT Recap: Local Repositories - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,460
-So, let me start by recapping some of the operations that
-
-2
-00:00:02,460 --> 00:00:06,000
-we can perform on local repositories. I'm just going to list them
-
-3
-00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:09,240
-here and go through them by separating them into three main
-
-4
-00:00:09,240 --> 00:00:12,930
-categories. The first one is commands that, to create a repository and
-
-5
-00:00:12,930 --> 00:00:15,470
-notice that not all of these are git commands, that for
-
-6
-00:00:15,470 --> 00:00:18,710
-example, to create the repository, we would normally want to. Create a
-
-7
-00:00:18,710 --> 00:00:21,560
-directory, which is exactly what we did in our demo. We want
-
-8
-00:00:21,560 --> 00:00:25,310
-to go to that directory and then execute the git init statement,
-
-9
-00:00:25,310 --> 00:00:29,110
-which initializes that directory as a git repository. The second
-
-10
-00:00:29,110 --> 00:00:32,530
-category includes commands that we'll use to modify the content of
-
-11
-00:00:32,530 --> 00:00:35,280
-the repository. We saw that we can use git add
-
-12
-00:00:35,280 --> 00:00:39,190
-to add a specific file or a complete directory to our
-
-13
-00:00:39,190 --> 00:00:41,650
-index. So to the list of files that will be
-
-14
-00:00:41,650 --> 00:00:44,510
-committed, that will be considered in the next commit. Then we
-
-15
-00:00:44,510 --> 00:00:47,620
-can use commit to actually commit the changes that we
-
-16
-00:00:47,620 --> 00:00:50,374
-made to those files to our local repository, and we can
-
-17
-00:00:50,374 --> 00:00:54,030
-also use git move and git rm or git remove
-
-18
-00:00:54,030 --> 00:00:57,420
-to move files around and to remove files. Finally, the
-
-19
-00:00:57,420 --> 00:01:00,270
-third category is the category of commands that we can
-
-20
-00:01:00,270 --> 00:01:04,950
-use to inspect the concrete repository. And this set includes git
-
-21
-00:01:04,950 --> 00:01:06,960
-log, that we can use to see the log of
-
-22
-00:01:06,960 --> 00:01:09,970
-the repository, git status, that can give us important information
-
-23
-00:01:09,970 --> 00:01:12,810
-about the status of the file center repository. Git diff,
-
-24
-00:01:12,810 --> 00:01:15,500
-that we can use to see the differences between for example,
-
-25
-00:01:15,500 --> 00:01:19,160
-our local files. And the remote files. And finally git
-
-26
-00:01:19,160 --> 00:01:23,270
-show, that will show us information about our last commit. What
-
-27
-00:01:23,270 --> 00:01:25,940
-we committed, what were the changes and so on. And again,
-
-28
-00:01:25,940 --> 00:01:29,290
-we saw most or all of these commands in our demo.
-
-29
-00:01:29,290 --> 00:01:31,920
-So let me also remind you of a possible workflow. Which
-
-30
-00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:34,350
-again, we already saw but it's always good to go through
-
-31
-00:01:34,350 --> 00:01:37,670
-it once more. And remember that this is just an example.
-
-32
-00:01:37,670 --> 00:01:40,520
-It's just a possible workflow. You can do many different things,
-
-33
-00:01:40,520 --> 00:01:43,210
-you can have many different workflows with git. This is just
-
-34
-00:01:43,210 --> 00:01:45,980
-up to illustrate some of the things that you can do. So,
-
-35
-00:01:45,980 --> 00:01:49,430
-you might do some local editing. Execute git status to see what
-
-36
-00:01:49,430 --> 00:01:53,020
-files you changed. Then you might run a git diff on the
-
-37
-00:01:53,020 --> 00:01:56,230
-files to see what are these changes. And then you can run
-
-38
-00:01:56,230 --> 00:01:59,460
-git commit -a to commit your changes. And in case you
-
-39
-00:01:59,460 --> 00:02:02,520
-want to specify the commit message right away without having to go
-
-40
-00:02:02,520 --> 00:02:06,040
-through an editor, you can also add the -m parameter and
-
-41
-00:02:06,040 --> 00:02:08,110
-specify the message here on the same line.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/18 - GIT Recap: Remote Repositories - lang_en_vs3.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/18 - GIT Recap: Remote Repositories - lang_en_vs3.srt
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index 9afccc9..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/18 - GIT Recap: Remote Repositories - lang_en_vs3.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:02,960
-SImilarly, let's go through some commands that you can run on
-
-2
-00:00:02,960 --> 00:00:07,150
-remote repositories. First command is the command to copy a repository,
-
-3
-00:00:07,150 --> 00:00:10,840
-which is git clone in which you get a remote repository and you make a lot of
-
-4
-00:00:10,840 --> 00:00:14,850
-copy in your working directory. The repository can be specified as a URL.
-
-5
-00:00:14,850 --> 00:00:18,230
-It can be a local file, it can be specified using the HTTP or
-
-6
-00:00:18,230 --> 00:00:21,070
-the SSH protocol, and there's also other ways to do it.
-
-7
-00:00:21,070 --> 00:00:25,300
-This creates a complete local copy of the repository, as it says, and links it
-
-8
-00:00:25,300 --> 00:00:29,030
-to the remote repository, which is what is called the origin. And if you want,
-
-9
-00:00:29,030 --> 00:00:33,400
-you could also actually link to the repository, later. Then the normal way of
-
-10
-00:00:33,400 --> 00:00:37,800
-receiving changes from a repository is to perform a git pull command. And we saw
-
-11
-00:00:37,800 --> 00:00:42,345
-that you can also perform the same operation through two commands, get fetch and
-
-12
-00:00:42,345 --> 00:00:47,210
-git merge. In case you want to inspect the changes before actually merging them,
-
-13
-00:00:47,210 --> 00:00:49,550
-before actually getting them in your local copy. And
-
-14
-00:00:49,550 --> 00:00:52,940
-if you want to send changes that you have in your local repository to
-
-15
-00:00:52,940 --> 00:00:55,680
-a remote repository, you will use the git push command.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/19 - GitHub Setup Assignment - lang_en_vs2.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/19 - GitHub Setup Assignment - lang_en_vs2.srt
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index 9dec29b..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/19 - GitHub Setup Assignment - lang_en_vs2.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:03,095
-This is ultimately pretty simple. All you need to do is visit
-
-2
-00:00:03,095 --> 00:00:08,720
-github.com/join and set up a free GitHub account. If you already have a GitHub,
-
-3
-00:00:08,720 --> 00:00:11,870
-account you can sign in using your existing account. If you want to
-
-4
-00:00:11,870 --> 00:00:14,550
-use a separate identity for the class, feel free to set up a second one.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/19 - GitHub Setup Assignment - lang_pt_vs1.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/19 - GitHub Setup Assignment - lang_pt_vs1.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6dc6f48..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/19 - GitHub Setup Assignment - lang_pt_vs1.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:03,095
-Na verdade é muito simples. 
-Só tens que ir a
-
-2
-00:00:03,095 --> 00:00:08,720
-github.com/join e criar uma conta grátis
-no GitHub. Se já tiveres uma conta GitHub,
-
-3
-00:00:08,720 --> 00:00:11,870
-podes entrar com a tua conta.
-Se quiseres
-
-4
-00:00:11,870 --> 00:00:14,550
-criar uma diferente para o curso,
-podes criar uma segunda sem problemas.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/2 - Interview with John Britton - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/2 - Interview with John Britton - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 999833f..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/2 - Interview with John Britton - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,435 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,170 --> 00:00:02,630
-&gt;&gt; And I thought that the best way to break the ice on version
-
-2
-00:00:02,630 --> 00:00:04,970
-control systems and Git and some other
-
-3
-00:00:04,970 --> 00:00:07,939
-related concepts was to interview John Britton who
-
-4
-00:00:07,939 --> 00:00:11,840
-works with GitHub. So let's go and see what John has to say about
-
-5
-00:00:11,840 --> 00:00:14,120
-Git, about version control systems in general,
-
-6
-00:00:14,120 --> 00:00:17,809
-and about GitHub. John is in Tapei, if I'm not wrong.
-
-7
-00:00:17,809 --> 00:00:18,610
-&gt;&gt; That's correct.
-
-8
-00:00:18,610 --> 00:00:20,320
-&gt;&gt; Okay so we're, you know we couldn't
-
-9
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-go there so we're interviewing him remotely. And I
-
-10
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-want, I just want to thank you so much and John for agreeing to talk to us.
-
-11
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-&gt;&gt; Thank you very much for having me it was my pleasure.
-
-12
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-&gt;&gt; And, I'm just going to ask, a few
-
-13
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-general questions because John is an expert on,
-
-14
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-Git and GitHub. John is a developer and
-
-15
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-a community builder is active in both the
-
-16
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-open source and the open education areas. And
-
-17
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-as an educational liaison we have, is working
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-18
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-to improve Computer Science education by bringing the
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-19
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-principles of open source into the classroom. And
-
-20
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-I'm going to start with an general question,
-
-21
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-which is what is a version control system?
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-&gt;&gt; So, a version control system is
-
-23
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-a tool that software developers use. Anybody
-
-24
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-who's doing you know, working with digital
-
-25
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-assets, digital projects can also use for
-
-26
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-keeping track of, you know, revisions of your project, and when I say revisions, I
-
-27
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-mean essentially snapshots of your project over time. So you can imagine doing
-
-28
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-some work and then every so often, be it, every couple of
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-29
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-hours, every couple of days, saving a permanent snapshot of your project.
-
-30
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-&gt;&gt; Why is this useful? I understand that
-
-31
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-it is nice to take a snapshot of your
-
-32
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-project, but what did you do with the
-
-33
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-snapshot afterwards? I think the most immediately obvious benefit
-
-34
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-to having snapshots of your project to keeping
-
-35
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-revisions is that you can go back. If you
-
-36
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-have ever worked on a project and got to
-
-37
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-a point where you solved a bunch of your
-
-38
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-problems, and there is just one more step to do. And
-
-39
-00:01:45,330 --> 00:01:47,640
-you start working on trying to solve that last step, and
-
-40
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-you break things, you make it worse then it was an
-
-41
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-hour ago. At that point its easier to just go back
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-42
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-to what you had then trying to figure out what you
-
-43
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-broke. So you can always go back in time, and the
-
-44
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-other big one is being able to collaborate with multiple people,
-
-45
-00:02:02,660 --> 00:02:07,450
-so its pretty seldom these days that you. Work on a production
-
-46
-00:02:07,450 --> 00:02:09,860
-totally on your own. It's most common to work in, you
-
-47
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-know, in teams and small groups. And so, using a revision
-
-48
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-control system allows you to collaborate with other people. And make
-
-49
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-sure that you don't step on each other's toes as you're working.
-
-50
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-&gt;&gt; Alright, that's great, because those are exactly some of the
-
-51
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-topics that we're going to cover in the lesson. And so since we're
-
-52
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-going to talk about the specifics of version control system which is
-
-53
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-Git and you're definitely an expert in, in Git. So what would
-
-54
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-you say is specifically special about Git? What characterizes it
-
-55
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-and how does it compare to other version control systems.
-
-56
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-&gt;&gt; So if any of you have used version control systems before, you
-
-57
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-may have heard of something like subversion, CVS, or maybe a commercial solution
-
-58
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-like ProForce. I think the main important characteristics of Git are first that
-
-59
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-it's open source. And the second,
-
-60
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-that it's a distributed version control system.
-
-61
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-So what that means, the distributed version
-
-62
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-control system is essentially a system for tracking
-
-63
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-revisions of your software that doesn't have any
-
-64
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-central repository. So the biggest characteristic is that
-
-65
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-I can do my work and you can also work on the same project at
-
-66
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-the same time without communicating with each other
-
-67
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-and without communicating to a central system.
-
-68
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-&gt;&gt; Okay, great. And so now that we saw what Git is, what is
-
-69
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-GitHub and how does it fit into
-
-70
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-this picture of the distributed, revision control system?
-
-71
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-&gt;&gt; So GitHub is, the world's largest code host, and we essentially have a
-
-72
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-website where you can collaborate with people
-
-73
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-when you're writing code. There's two ways you
-
-74
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-can use GitHub. You can use it publicly for open source and you can use
-
-75
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-it in private within your team, or your company, or within your class. And, Git
-
-76
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-Hub started out just as a way to host your Git repositories. But it's
-
-77
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-actually grown into quite a bit more. It's
-
-78
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-an entire collaboration system around your code.
-
-79
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-&gt;&gt; How many users do you have?
-
-80
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-&gt;&gt; I would say that we're approaching five million.
-
-81
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-I don't know the exact number. We're definitely more
-
-82
-00:04:05,570 --> 00:04:08,080
-than four million right now. But yeah, I'd say
-
-83
-00:04:08,080 --> 00:04:10,330
-somewhere, somewhere close to between four and five million.
-
-84
-00:04:10,330 --> 00:04:14,750
-&gt;&gt; So that's a lot space I'd guess. Terabytes of disk
-
-85
-00:04:14,750 --> 00:04:15,840
-space, I would imagine.
-
-86
-00:04:15,840 --> 00:04:19,170
-&gt;&gt; There are a lot of GIT repositories on, on our servers.
-
-87
-00:04:19,170 --> 00:04:21,180
-&gt;&gt; Something else you want to say? I
-
-88
-00:04:21,180 --> 00:04:23,920
-guess that the when taking about GitHub there's one
-
-89
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-thing that you kind of can't leave out and
-
-90
-00:04:26,110 --> 00:04:28,670
-that's that's a feature that's called a pull request.
-
-91
-00:04:28,670 --> 00:04:31,090
-So when you're using GitHub, you can share
-
-92
-00:04:31,090 --> 00:04:34,940
-your Git repository, do some work, and actually do
-
-93
-00:04:34,940 --> 00:04:37,880
-do a code review. Of proposed changes which
-
-94
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-is what we call a pull request on github.com.
-
-95
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-Essentially what it lets you do is have a discussion
-
-96
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-about a set of proposed changes and leave feedback in
-
-97
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-line with the code. You could say for example, this
-
-98
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-method needs to be re-factored or I think I found if
-
-99
-00:04:51,670 --> 00:04:54,830
-off by one error here, just different kinds of feedback
-
-100
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-so that before you totally integrate some proposed changes. You have,
-
-101
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-kind of a conversation about what your code. And I
-
-102
-00:05:01,180 --> 00:05:03,050
-think that's really valuable when you are working in a team.
-
-103
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-&gt;&gt; Thank you, John, that was very informative and
-
-104
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-thanks again for taking the time to talk to us.
-
-105
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-&gt;&gt; No problem, thanks for having me. I'll talk to you soon.
-
-106
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-&gt;&gt; Let's thank again John for enlightening us
-
-107
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-on some aspects of version control systems, Git and
-
-108
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-GitHub. And now, let's go over some of the
-
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-topics that we discussed with John to recap them.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/3 - Version Control System Introduction - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/3 - Version Control System Introduction - lang_en_vs5.srt
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@@ -1,207 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:02,080
-So first of all, what is a version
-
-2
-00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:05,550
-control system? A version control system or VCS,
-
-3
-00:00:05,550 --> 00:00:07,670
-is a system that allows you to manage
-
-4
-00:00:07,670 --> 00:00:11,180
-multiple revisions of the same unit of information. For
-
-5
-00:00:11,180 --> 00:00:14,330
-example of documents, of source files or any
-
-6
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-other item of that sort. And as the graphical
-
-7
-00:00:17,380 --> 00:00:21,240
-depiction shows, a VCS allows a multiple actors.
-
-8
-00:00:21,240 --> 00:00:25,020
-Here we have four, to cooperate and share files.
-
-9
-00:00:25,020 --> 00:00:26,980
-Now, let's drill into this concept in a little
-
-10
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-more detail. And let's do that by discussing why
-
-11
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-is VCS useful, especially in the context of software
-
-12
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-engineering and of software development. So first of all,
-
-13
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-using a version control system enforces discipline, because it
-
-14
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-manages the process by which the control of items
-
-15
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-passes from one person to another. Another important aspect
-
-16
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-of VCS is that it allows you for archiving versions.
-
-17
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-So you can store subsequent versions of source controlled
-
-18
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-items into a VCS. And not only you can
-
-19
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-store versions, you can also maintain a lot of
-
-20
-00:01:00,450 --> 00:01:03,480
-interesting and important historical information
-
-21
-00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:05,810
-about these versions. For example,
-
-22
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-a VCL will store information such as, who is
-
-23
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-the author for this specific version stored in the system.
-
-24
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-Or, for another example, on what day and what
-
-25
-00:01:13,820 --> 00:01:16,260
-time that version was stored. And a lot of other
-
-26
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-interesting information about the specific version of the
-
-27
-00:01:19,240 --> 00:01:21,600
-item. Information that you can then retrieve and for
-
-28
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-example, use to compare versions. Obviously, the fact of
-
-29
-00:01:25,040 --> 00:01:27,970
-having a central repository in which all these items
-
-30
-00:01:27,970 --> 00:01:31,350
-are stored enables collaboration, so people can more easily
-
-31
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-share data, share files, share documents through the use
-
-32
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-of VCS. And I'm sure that you all had
-
-33
-00:01:37,950 --> 00:01:41,320
-the experience of deleting a file by mistake or
-
-34
-00:01:41,320 --> 00:01:43,860
-modifying a file in the wrong way, or in the
-
-35
-00:01:43,860 --> 00:01:47,830
-most common case of changing something in your code for instance.
-
-36
-00:01:47,830 --> 00:01:50,490
-And breaking something and not being able to go back
-
-37
-00:01:50,490 --> 00:01:53,630
-to a version that was working. Not remembering, for example, what
-
-38
-00:01:53,630 --> 00:01:56,130
-is that you changed that broke the code. In all
-
-39
-00:01:56,130 --> 00:01:59,850
-these cases a version control system can be extremely useful because
-
-40
-00:01:59,850 --> 00:02:03,330
-it will allow you to recover from this accidental deletions
-
-41
-00:02:03,330 --> 00:02:06,690
-or edits. And for example, to go back of yesterdays version
-
-42
-00:02:06,690 --> 00:02:09,949
-that was working perfectly, and also to compare, for example, yesterdays
-
-43
-00:02:09,949 --> 00:02:12,920
-version with today version and see what is that you changed.
-
-44
-00:02:12,920 --> 00:02:16,000
-Finally, a version control system will normally also allow you to
-
-45
-00:02:16,000 --> 00:02:20,460
-conserve and save disk space on both the source control client
-
-46
-00:02:20,460 --> 00:02:23,880
-and on the server. Why? Well, for instance because it's centralizing
-
-47
-00:02:23,880 --> 00:02:26,570
-the management of the version. So instead of having many copies
-
-48
-00:02:26,570 --> 00:02:29,480
-spread around, you'll have only one central point where these copies
-
-49
-00:02:29,480 --> 00:02:32,240
-are stored or a few points where these copies are stored.
-
-50
-00:02:32,240 --> 00:02:34,330
-In addition, version control system often
-
-51
-00:02:34,330 --> 00:02:37,470
-uses efficient algorithms to store these changes.
-
-52
-00:02:37,470 --> 00:02:41,310
-And therefore, you can keep many versions without taking up too much space.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/4 - VCS Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/4 - VCS Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
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@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,430
-Now before we continue, and we look at more details
-
-2
-00:00:02,430 --> 00:00:04,400
-of version control systems, I want to ask you a
-
-3
-00:00:04,400 --> 00:00:07,230
-quick question about VCS. I want to know whether you
-
-4
-00:00:07,230 --> 00:00:10,190
-have used a version control system before, and if so,
-
-5
-00:00:10,190 --> 00:00:12,090
-which one or which ones. I'm going to list in
-
-6
-00:00:12,090 --> 00:00:15,260
-here some of the most commonly used version control systems,
-
-7
-00:00:15,260 --> 00:00:18,840
-like CVS, Subversion, GIT, and I'm also allowing you to
-
-8
-00:00:18,840 --> 00:00:22,640
-specify other VCS in case you have used different ones.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/5 - VCS Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs7.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/5 - VCS Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs7.srt
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@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,130 --> 00:00:03,030
-And of course there's no right answer for this. I just wanted to collect some
-
-2
-00:00:03,030 --> 00:00:05,020
-statistics. To see what kind of previous
-
-3
-00:00:05,020 --> 00:00:07,100
-experience you have with this kind of systems.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/6 - Essential Actions - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/6 - Essential Actions - lang_en_vs5.srt
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@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,220
-What I want to do next, is to look at how
-
-2
-00:00:02,220 --> 00:00:05,780
-version control systems actually work. We saw what they are. We
-
-3
-00:00:05,780 --> 00:00:08,130
-saw why they are useful. But how do they actually work?
-
-4
-00:00:08,130 --> 00:00:11,460
-And we're going to do that by starting from some essential
-
-5
-00:00:11,460 --> 00:00:15,400
-actions that version control systems perform. The first one is the
-
-6
-00:00:15,400 --> 00:00:18,920
-addition of files. So, when you use a version control system,
-
-7
-00:00:18,920 --> 00:00:22,280
-you can add a file to the repository. And at that
-
-8
-00:00:22,280 --> 00:00:25,400
-point the file will be accessible to other people who have access
-
-9
-00:00:25,400 --> 00:00:28,640
-to the repository. And now the fundamental action is commit.
-
-10
-00:00:28,640 --> 00:00:31,230
-When you change a file, a file that is already in
-
-11
-00:00:31,230 --> 00:00:33,610
-the repository, when you make some local changes to a
-
-12
-00:00:33,610 --> 00:00:36,430
-file that is already in the repository, you want then to
-
-13
-00:00:36,430 --> 00:00:39,460
-commit your changes to the central repository, so they can
-
-14
-00:00:39,460 --> 00:00:43,990
-become visible to all of the other users on the repository. Finally,
-
-15
-00:00:43,990 --> 00:00:47,770
-another fundamental action is the action of updating a file. If
-
-16
-00:00:47,770 --> 00:00:50,650
-we have a repository and someone else can modify the files
-
-17
-00:00:50,650 --> 00:00:52,800
-in the repository, I want to be able to get
-
-18
-00:00:52,800 --> 00:00:55,550
-the changes that other people made to the files in the
-
-19
-00:00:55,550 --> 00:00:58,980
-repository. And these are just three of the basic actions, but
-
-20
-00:00:58,980 --> 00:01:01,870
-there are many, many more. And we'll see several of those.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/7 - Example Workflow - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/7 - Example Workflow - lang_en_vs5.srt
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@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:02,830
-Before looking at additional actions, though, I would like to
-
-2
-00:00:02,830 --> 00:00:06,770
-see what is the basic workflow in a version control system
-
-3
-00:00:06,770 --> 00:00:09,370
-using the three actions that we just saw. And to
-
-4
-00:00:09,370 --> 00:00:11,760
-do that I'm going to use two of our friends, Brad
-
-5
-00:00:11,760 --> 00:00:14,590
-and Janet. So we have Janet here, Brad, and a
-
-6
-00:00:14,590 --> 00:00:18,440
-VCS that they are using. Now imagine that Janet creates a
-
-7
-00:00:18,440 --> 00:00:23,020
-file called foo.txt and puts some information in the file.
-
-8
-00:00:23,020 --> 00:00:25,250
-At that point she might want to add the file to
-
-9
-00:00:25,250 --> 00:00:28,340
-the repository and to commit it so that her changes
-
-10
-00:00:28,340 --> 00:00:31,210
-and the file get to the central repository. And when she
-
-11
-00:00:31,210 --> 00:00:33,900
-adds and commit, that's exactly what will happen, in foo
-
-12
-00:00:33,900 --> 00:00:36,870
-will be come available here, and will be accessible to the
-
-13
-00:00:36,870 --> 00:00:40,330
-other users. In this case it'll be accessible to Brad.
-
-14
-00:00:40,330 --> 00:00:44,190
-If Brett were to run an update command, what will happen
-
-15
-00:00:44,190 --> 00:00:47,800
-is that the file foo.txt will be copied on the local
-
-16
-00:00:47,800 --> 00:00:50,460
-work space of Brad and Brad will be able to access
-
-17
-00:00:50,460 --> 00:00:52,980
-the file. At this point Brad might want to modify
-
-18
-00:00:52,980 --> 00:00:57,110
-the file, for example add something to this existing file.
-
-19
-00:00:57,110 --> 00:00:59,410
-After doing that, he also may want to share the
-
-20
-00:00:59,410 --> 00:01:02,900
-updated file with Janet. To do that, he will commit the
-
-21
-00:01:02,900 --> 00:01:06,070
-file and the result will be exactly the same of
-
-22
-00:01:06,070 --> 00:01:09,470
-when Janet committed her file. That the updated file will
-
-23
-00:01:09,470 --> 00:01:11,890
-be sent to the repository and the repository will store
-
-24
-00:01:11,890 --> 00:01:15,570
-that information and make it available for other users. So now,
-
-25
-00:01:15,570 --> 00:01:18,290
-if Janet performs an update, she will get the
-
-26
-00:01:18,290 --> 00:01:21,860
-new version of foo.txt with the additional information that was
-
-27
-00:01:21,860 --> 00:01:24,950
-added by Brad. And we will see all of this
-
-28
-00:01:24,950 --> 00:01:27,350
-in action in our next demo in a few minutes.
diff --git "a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/8 - \"Don'ts\" in VCS - lang_en_vs5.srt" "b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/8 - \"Don'ts\" in VCS - lang_en_vs5.srt"
deleted file mode 100644
index f5d27fb..0000000
--- "a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/8 - \"Don'ts\" in VCS - lang_en_vs5.srt"	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,020
-Before getting to the demo, I want to say a few
-
-2
-00:00:02,020 --> 00:00:06,550
-more things. In particular, I discuss the main don'ts in VCS. So,
-
-3
-00:00:06,550 --> 00:00:09,110
-what are some things that you don't want to do, and
-
-4
-00:00:09,110 --> 00:00:12,687
-you should not do, when you're using a version control system? And
-
-5
-00:00:12,687 --> 00:00:15,382
-I'm going to mention two, in particular, because these are two
-
-6
-00:00:15,382 --> 00:00:18,028
-that I witnessed several times when I was teaching this class and
-
-7
-00:00:18,028 --> 00:00:21,820
-also when collaborating with other people. So, there are two kinds
-
-8
-00:00:21,820 --> 00:00:25,460
-of resources that you don't want to add to a VCS normally.
-
-9
-00:00:25,460 --> 00:00:29,070
-One is derived files. For example an executable that is
-
-10
-00:00:29,070 --> 00:00:31,930
-derived by compiling a set of source files, where the
-
-11
-00:00:31,930 --> 00:00:34,480
-source files all already in the repository. At that point,
-
-12
-00:00:34,480 --> 00:00:37,680
-there is no reason to also add the executable file in
-
-13
-00:00:37,680 --> 00:00:41,150
-the repository. So in general, any executable file should not
-
-14
-00:00:41,150 --> 00:00:44,570
-be added to repository. The second class of files that I
-
-15
-00:00:44,570 --> 00:00:47,760
-want to mention is these bulky binary files. If you
-
-16
-00:00:47,760 --> 00:00:50,600
-have one such file, it is normally not a good idea
-
-17
-00:00:50,600 --> 00:00:53,430
-to store them under a version control system, to store them
-
-18
-00:00:53,430 --> 00:00:56,670
-in the repository. There might be exceptions to these rules, but in
-
-19
-00:00:56,670 --> 00:00:59,070
-general, these are the kind of files that you want to
-
-20
-00:00:59,070 --> 00:01:02,540
-keep local, and you don't want to put in the VCS repository.
-
-21
-00:01:02,540 --> 00:01:06,500
-Another typical mistake, and that happens all the time, especially to
-
-22
-00:01:06,500 --> 00:01:10,650
-novice users of VCS. Is that you get your file from VCS
-
-23
-00:01:10,650 --> 00:01:13,120
-and so you get your local copy of the file that
-
-24
-00:01:13,120 --> 00:01:16,270
-was in the VCS, and you want to make some changes, and
-
-25
-00:01:16,270 --> 00:01:20,090
-before making the changes you decided, no, no let me actually save
-
-26
-00:01:20,090 --> 00:01:22,410
-a local copy of the file, and I'm going to work on
-
-27
-00:01:22,410 --> 00:01:24,950
-that one. Or let me save it before I modify it, or
-
-28
-00:01:24,950 --> 00:01:28,350
-let take a snap shot of a whole tree of files. Just because
-
-29
-00:01:28,350 --> 00:01:30,830
-I don't really trust the fact that VCS is going to be
-
-30
-00:01:30,830 --> 00:01:33,170
-able to help and is going to be able to recover from possible
-
-31
-00:01:33,170 --> 00:01:36,980
-mistakes. Never ever do that. I have seen that done many times,
-
-32
-00:01:36,980 --> 00:01:41,570
-and it always leads to disasters. First of all it is useless, and
-
-33
-00:01:41,570 --> 00:01:44,000
-second it's risky. Because then what happens is that at
-
-34
-00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:46,610
-the time in which you have to turn in your assignment,
-
-35
-00:01:46,610 --> 00:01:48,330
-in the case you are doing an assignment, but even in
-
-36
-00:01:48,330 --> 00:01:50,740
-more serious situation, when you have to turn in your code,
-
-37
-00:01:50,740 --> 00:01:54,620
-for example to your colleagues. You always end up being confused
-
-38
-00:01:54,620 --> 00:01:59,010
-about which is the version that you're really using. So absolutely
-
-39
-00:01:59,010 --> 00:02:03,262
-no local copies. No local redundancy when you're using a version
-
-40
-00:02:03,262 --> 00:02:06,798
-control system. Trust the version control system, and trust the version
-
-41
-00:02:06,798 --> 00:02:09,280
-control system to be able to manage your versions. You
-
-42
-00:02:09,280 --> 00:02:13,350
-can always save it, commit it, retrieve previous versions, and you'll
-
-43
-00:02:13,350 --> 00:02:15,530
-be able to do everything that you can do by copying
-
-44
-00:02:15,530 --> 00:02:19,240
-the file yourself, and even more. So again, try the VCS.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/9 - Two Main Types of VCS - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/9 - Two Main Types of VCS - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 3c6eba4..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L4 Version Control Subtitles/9 - Two Main Types of VCS - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:01,970
-Something else I want to mention is that there
-
-2
-00:00:01,970 --> 00:00:05,460
-are many different version control systems but we can classify
-
-3
-00:00:05,460 --> 00:00:09,250
-them normally in two main types: centralized VCS's and
-
-4
-00:00:09,250 --> 00:00:13,230
-decentralized VCS's. So what is the difference between these two?
-
-5
-00:00:13,230 --> 00:00:16,750
-Let's use again our friends Janet and Brett.
-
-6
-00:00:16,750 --> 00:00:19,510
-In the case of a centralized version control system
-
-7
-00:00:19,510 --> 00:00:22,290
-there is a single centralized, as the name says,
-
-8
-00:00:22,290 --> 00:00:25,230
-repository. On which they are commiting their files. So when
-
-9
-00:00:25,230 --> 00:00:27,290
-Janet commits a file. The file will go from
-
-10
-00:00:27,290 --> 00:00:30,390
-her local working directory to the repository, and the same
-
-11
-00:00:30,390 --> 00:00:33,520
-will happen to Brett. The decentralized system is a little
-
-12
-00:00:33,520 --> 00:00:37,310
-more interesting because in this case, they will both have
-
-13
-00:00:37,310 --> 00:00:40,790
-sort of a local repository in which they can commit
-
-14
-00:00:40,790 --> 00:00:43,970
-their changes. So they can commit changes without the other
-
-15
-00:00:43,970 --> 00:00:47,940
-users of the VCS being able to see these changes.
-
-16
-00:00:47,940 --> 00:00:50,300
-And when they're happy with the version. And when they're
-
-17
-00:00:50,300 --> 00:00:53,900
-ready to release the version, they can push it to a central
-
-18
-00:00:53,900 --> 00:00:56,840
-repository. And at that point, it will become available to the other
-
-19
-00:00:56,840 --> 00:01:01,100
-users of the repository. To the other users of the VCS. There
-
-20
-00:01:01,100 --> 00:01:02,870
-are several advantages in a distributive
-
-21
-00:01:02,870 --> 00:01:04,300
-system. I'm just going to mention a few,
-
-22
-00:01:04,300 --> 00:01:07,520
-because there are really many. One is the fact of having this
-
-23
-00:01:07,520 --> 00:01:10,570
-local version. If you used VCS before, I'm sure you've been in
-
-24
-00:01:10,570 --> 00:01:13,280
-the situation in which you want to kind of take a snapshot
-
-25
-00:01:13,280 --> 00:01:15,820
-of what you have. But you don't want that snapshot to be available
-
-26
-00:01:15,820 --> 00:01:18,200
-to the other users. Because it's still not ready to be
-
-27
-00:01:18,200 --> 00:01:21,240
-released, to be looked up. If you're using a centralized system,
-
-28
-00:01:21,240 --> 00:01:23,140
-there's really no way you can do that, unless you make
-
-29
-00:01:23,140 --> 00:01:25,150
-a local copy, which is something we said you don't want
-
-30
-00:01:25,150 --> 00:01:28,625
-to do. With a distributor, with a decentralized VCS you can
-
-31
-00:01:28,625 --> 00:01:32,444
-commit your local changes here, in your local repository, and you
-
-32
-00:01:32,444 --> 00:01:37,030
-can push them to the central repository only when you're ready.
-
-33
-00:01:37,030 --> 00:01:40,870
-Another big advantage, is that you can use multiple remote repository.
-
-34
-00:01:40,870 --> 00:01:43,210
-In fact, centralized is not the right name for this
-
-35
-00:01:43,210 --> 00:01:45,980
-one. This is just a remote repository, and I can have
-
-36
-00:01:45,980 --> 00:01:48,910
-more than one. For example, Brad might want to push
-
-37
-00:01:48,910 --> 00:01:52,150
-to another remote repository. As well. For instance, this could be
-
-38
-00:01:52,150 --> 00:01:55,940
-a repository where the files are accessible for wider distribution.
-
-39
-00:01:55,940 --> 00:01:59,620
-Imagine developing a software system in which a team is sharing
-
-40
-00:01:59,620 --> 00:02:02,930
-internal versions, and then only some of these versions are actually
-
-41
-00:02:02,930 --> 00:02:06,080
-pushed to the repository that is seeable to the whole world.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L5 Requirements Gathering Subtitles/1 - Gathering Requirements - lang_en_vs3.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L5 Requirements Gathering Subtitles/1 - Gathering Requirements - lang_en_vs3.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index c01c859..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L5 Requirements Gathering Subtitles/1 - Gathering Requirements - lang_en_vs3.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,270 --> 00:00:02,969
-Gathering requirements is one of the most difficult tasks a software
-
-2
-00:00:02,969 --> 00:00:07,010
-engineer faces. In industry, you may gather requirements from end users,
-
-3
-00:00:07,010 --> 00:00:09,580
-external clients, or from co-workers in other areas of your own
-
-4
-00:00:09,580 --> 00:00:14,320
-company. Occasionally, you may receive a well documented set of requirements.
-
-5
-00:00:14,320 --> 00:00:16,970
-However, in most cases, you will need to glean the requirements
-
-6
-00:00:16,970 --> 00:00:20,230
-from conversations with the prospective clients, and distill them down into
-
-7
-00:00:20,230 --> 00:00:23,150
-something actionable on your own. Suppose a teacher came to you
-
-8
-00:00:23,150 --> 00:00:25,310
-with a request for a piece of software their students could
-
-9
-00:00:25,310 --> 00:00:28,500
-use to find out the average length of the sentences in
-
-10
-00:00:28,500 --> 00:00:31,390
-their essays. What questions come into mind to help you figure
-
-11
-00:00:31,390 --> 00:00:34,620
-out the full requirements for this project. Write down a list
-
-12
-00:00:34,620 --> 00:00:37,630
-of at least ten questions that might help you determine them.
-
-13
-00:00:37,630 --> 00:00:40,240
-Please take the time to do this before moving on. There's
-
-14
-00:00:40,240 --> 00:00:42,670
-no penalty for looking ahead, but if you skip this exercise
-
-15
-00:00:42,670 --> 00:00:44,920
-you'll cheat yourself out of the benefits of brainstorming and getting
-
-16
-00:00:44,920 --> 00:00:48,190
-your mind around the project before being bombarded by more information.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L5 Requirements Gathering Subtitles/2 - Choosing Good Questions - lang_en_vs3.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L5 Requirements Gathering Subtitles/2 - Choosing Good Questions - lang_en_vs3.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index a834b21..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L5 Requirements Gathering Subtitles/2 - Choosing Good Questions - lang_en_vs3.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:03,400
-Now that you've written some of your own questions, consider the following
-
-2
-00:00:03,400 --> 00:00:07,120
-three. Which is the most likely to be useful for determining the detailed
-
-3
-00:00:07,120 --> 00:00:11,730
-requirements? Maybe, what OSes should it run on? Or maybe, how will the
-
-4
-00:00:11,730 --> 00:00:16,210
-user specify input? Or finally, how many lines of code should it take?
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L5 Requirements Gathering Subtitles/3 - Choosing Good Questions Solution - lang_en_vs3.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L5 Requirements Gathering Subtitles/3 - Choosing Good Questions Solution - lang_en_vs3.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 3c29d6b..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L5 Requirements Gathering Subtitles/3 - Choosing Good Questions Solution - lang_en_vs3.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,450 --> 00:00:03,260
-The last question is almost never a reasonable one. For one
-
-2
-00:00:03,260 --> 00:00:05,660
-thing, the client should not need to know or care about
-
-3
-00:00:05,660 --> 00:00:08,412
-how many lines of code make up the program's source code.
-
-4
-00:00:08,412 --> 00:00:09,910
-In forming requirements, you should avoid
-
-5
-00:00:09,910 --> 00:00:11,940
-implementation specific questions that do not
-
-6
-00:00:11,940 --> 00:00:15,290
-directly interface with the user. The first question is very relevant
-
-7
-00:00:15,290 --> 00:00:18,830
-in some situations. For example, a graphic sentence with video game or
-
-8
-00:00:18,830 --> 00:00:21,630
-performance is key. However, you should not write any operating system
-
-9
-00:00:21,630 --> 00:00:25,620
-specific code unless absolutely needed, and should strive to make your code
-
-10
-00:00:25,620 --> 00:00:28,070
-platform independent whenever possible. The
-
-11
-00:00:28,070 --> 00:00:30,990
-second question, however, is very relevant.
-
-12
-00:00:30,990 --> 00:00:32,870
-Now that you've thought a bit about what you might ask of
-
-13
-00:00:32,870 --> 00:00:35,810
-the client requesting this program, let's watch Alvin, one of Udasea's
-
-14
-00:00:35,810 --> 00:00:39,850
-engineers, asking his own questions. He'll be speaking with Lauren, the client.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L5 Requirements Gathering Subtitles/4 - Requirements Interview - lang_en_vs3.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L5 Requirements Gathering Subtitles/4 - Requirements Interview - lang_en_vs3.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 74a0b79..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L5 Requirements Gathering Subtitles/4 - Requirements Interview - lang_en_vs3.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,323 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,430 --> 00:00:01,050
-Hi, I'm Lauren.
-
-2
-00:00:01,050 --> 00:00:01,990
-&gt;&gt; Hi, I'm Alvin.
-
-3
-00:00:01,990 --> 00:00:06,470
-&gt;&gt; I'm an instructor at a university nearby and I've been noticing that when
-
-4
-00:00:06,470 --> 00:00:09,700
-my students write their essays, they have
-
-5
-00:00:09,700 --> 00:00:13,100
-very long, very wordy sentences and I would
-
-6
-00:00:13,100 --> 00:00:17,600
-like to develop some kind of tool that they can use to keep track of
-
-7
-00:00:17,600 --> 00:00:20,440
-this and maybe perfect their writing style.
-
-8
-00:00:20,440 --> 00:00:21,410
-Do you think that's something you could do?
-
-9
-00:00:21,410 --> 00:00:25,850
-&gt;&gt; I think so. Let's start by helping me get acquainted with the students
-
-10
-00:00:25,850 --> 00:00:29,620
-in the class. So how many students do we have in this class typically?
-
-11
-00:00:29,620 --> 00:00:34,000
-&gt;&gt; Usually about 45 per unit, but I can have up to six units a semester.
-
-12
-00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:36,420
-&gt;&gt; 45 students, and six sections per
-
-13
-00:00:36,420 --> 00:00:39,220
-semester. That's a farily reasonable size. So,
-
-14
-00:00:39,220 --> 00:00:42,790
-do you know anything about what the students are using as far as computers go?
-
-15
-00:00:42,790 --> 00:00:46,640
-&gt;&gt; I don't know what kind of computers they're using. And they
-
-16
-00:00:46,640 --> 00:00:50,960
-could be, I don't know, anywhere from having no tech experience to
-
-17
-00:00:50,960 --> 00:00:52,200
-being pretty proficient.
-
-18
-00:00:52,200 --> 00:00:54,930
-&gt;&gt; Do you know anything about how
-
-19
-00:00:54,930 --> 00:00:57,350
-familiar the students are with computers in general?
-
-20
-00:00:57,350 --> 00:00:59,540
-&gt;&gt; I'm sure we have some people on the low end that have
-
-21
-00:00:59,540 --> 00:01:01,430
-never done any type of programming, and
-
-22
-00:01:01,430 --> 00:01:03,680
-then some people who are pretty self-sufficient.
-
-23
-00:01:03,680 --> 00:01:07,210
-&gt;&gt; Okay, and I guess my last question related to
-
-24
-00:01:07,210 --> 00:01:10,170
-the students is, what is the students actually submitting to you.
-
-25
-00:01:10,170 --> 00:01:14,080
-&gt;&gt; They've been sending just raw text files via email to me.
-
-26
-00:01:14,080 --> 00:01:16,660
-&gt;&gt; So from the sounds of things
-
-27
-00:01:16,660 --> 00:01:19,140
-we have a fairly broad, I guess base
-
-28
-00:01:19,140 --> 00:01:23,100
-of students to work with, both in technical proficiency
-
-29
-00:01:23,100 --> 00:01:27,180
-as well as their operating system environments potentially.
-
-30
-00:01:27,180 --> 00:01:29,420
-So I think what we'll probably do to start
-
-31
-00:01:29,420 --> 00:01:33,270
-off with is make a command line, Java
-
-32
-00:01:33,270 --> 00:01:36,760
-based tool. That the students can run and we'll
-
-33
-00:01:36,760 --> 00:01:39,910
-give them a fair amount of you know, documentation
-
-34
-00:01:39,910 --> 00:01:41,690
-on how to use the tool. And I expect
-
-35
-00:01:41,690 --> 00:01:45,090
-that there will be a lot of little error conditions that may happen
-
-36
-00:01:45,090 --> 00:01:49,320
-that we want to produce a reasonably friendly message were anything to go wrong.
-
-37
-00:01:49,320 --> 00:01:50,480
-&gt;&gt; Yeah. That'd be great.
-
-38
-00:01:50,480 --> 00:01:54,750
-&gt;&gt; So, a little bit more, I guess about
-
-39
-00:01:54,750 --> 00:01:58,539
-the actual essay itself, its submission, what constitutes a word?
-
-40
-00:01:59,820 --> 00:02:03,190
-&gt;&gt; I really only care about the longer words, so, is there a
-
-41
-00:02:03,190 --> 00:02:06,140
-way that we can only count words that are maybe above three letters?
-
-42
-00:02:06,140 --> 00:02:06,830
-&gt;&gt; I think
-
-43
-00:02:06,830 --> 00:02:08,508
-that's something we can do. And I think
-
-44
-00:02:08,508 --> 00:02:10,030
-that because you seem a little bit unsure
-
-45
-00:02:10,030 --> 00:02:11,540
-we might be able to have that be
-
-46
-00:02:11,540 --> 00:02:13,820
-a little bit more flexible than we otherwise would.
-
-47
-00:02:13,820 --> 00:02:14,500
-&gt;&gt; Great.
-
-48
-00:02:14,500 --> 00:02:18,330
-&gt;&gt; What does a sentence mean to you? Is it kind of flexible?
-
-49
-00:02:18,330 --> 00:02:21,280
-&gt;&gt; I would say anything that ends in a period or
-
-50
-00:02:21,280 --> 00:02:25,870
-even a question mark. Maybe even an exclamation mark. or, something
-
-51
-00:02:25,870 --> 00:02:28,760
-even, maybe even with a comma or semi-colon. I really only
-
-52
-00:02:28,760 --> 00:02:32,370
-care about the sentences that aren't gramatically correct and are too long.
-
-53
-00:02:32,370 --> 00:02:35,180
-&gt;&gt; I think we can probably make that a little bit more flexible too
-
-54
-00:02:35,180 --> 00:02:37,520
-so that way, you can kind of say we're going to, or you want to include them.
-
-55
-00:02:37,520 --> 00:02:38,020
-&gt;&gt; Mm-hm.
-
-56
-00:02:38,020 --> 00:02:41,786
-&gt;&gt; So maybe, sounds like you are little bit on the fence
-
-57
-00:02:41,786 --> 00:02:45,100
-about whether or not say, a comma should be considered a sentence.
-
-58
-00:02:45,100 --> 00:02:45,130
-&gt;&gt; Mm.
-
-59
-00:02:45,130 --> 00:02:46,370
-&gt;&gt; Entirely on its own or not. So we
-
-60
-00:02:46,370 --> 00:02:49,830
-can probably make that a little bit configurable as well.
-
-61
-00:02:51,880 --> 00:02:56,510
-And so, just to confirm the actual end result to
-
-62
-00:02:56,510 --> 00:02:59,870
-the student is the average number of words per sentence?
-
-63
-00:02:59,870 --> 00:03:01,610
-&gt;&gt; Yeah, yeah that'd be fine.
-
-64
-00:03:01,610 --> 00:03:07,430
-&gt;&gt; Okay, overall to start off with, looks like we have some
-
-65
-00:03:07,430 --> 00:03:10,280
-sort of customization of the word length that we want to look for.
-
-66
-00:03:10,280 --> 00:03:10,780
-&gt;&gt; Mm-hm. Yeah.
-
-67
-00:03:12,000 --> 00:03:14,650
-&gt;&gt; We have some kind of variability in
-
-68
-00:03:14,650 --> 00:03:17,880
-what we want to have as acceptable sentence structure.
-
-69
-00:03:17,880 --> 00:03:24,570
-So, periods, question marks, semicolons, things like that. And, the end result
-
-70
-00:03:24,570 --> 00:03:27,260
-to the student is if we're successful, they'll get the average number of
-
-71
-00:03:27,260 --> 00:03:31,060
-words per sentence. Otherwise we tell them something a little bit helpful to
-
-72
-00:03:31,060 --> 00:03:33,240
-kind of put them on the right track to use the tool correctly.
-
-73
-00:03:33,240 --> 00:03:34,620
-&gt;&gt; Yeah that's the error codes right?
-
-74
-00:03:35,850 --> 00:03:38,150
-&gt;&gt; Hopefully not error codes but something a little bit nicer.
-
-75
-00:03:38,150 --> 00:03:39,800
-&gt;&gt; [LAUGH] Okay.
-
-76
-00:03:39,800 --> 00:03:41,150
-&gt;&gt; So I think I have enough to
-
-77
-00:03:41,150 --> 00:03:43,440
-get started and produce something that's you know,
-
-78
-00:03:43,440 --> 00:03:47,150
-a reasonable I guess, rough draft. Of something
-
-79
-00:03:47,150 --> 00:03:48,700
-that you can use to help your class out.
-
-80
-00:03:48,700 --> 00:03:49,590
-&gt;&gt; Great. Thank you.
-
-81
-00:03:49,590 --> 00:03:50,240
-&gt;&gt; Thank you.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L5 Requirements Gathering Subtitles/5 - Average Sentence Length Requirements - lang_en_vs3.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P1L5 Requirements Gathering Subtitles/5 - Average Sentence Length Requirements - lang_en_vs3.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index afd49e1..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P1L5 Requirements Gathering Subtitles/5 - Average Sentence Length Requirements - lang_en_vs3.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,340 --> 00:00:02,300
-You've heard Alvin come up with several conclusions for how to
-
-2
-00:00:02,300 --> 00:00:04,510
-set up the program. And we're going to ask that you follow his
-
-3
-00:00:04,510 --> 00:00:07,590
-instincts. We'll spell that out here in a little more technical details
-
-4
-00:00:07,590 --> 00:00:11,030
-so that everyone is working from the same basic starting point. The
-
-5
-00:00:11,030 --> 00:00:13,770
-program must be written in Java and must not make you any
-
-6
-00:00:13,770 --> 00:00:16,730
-nonstandard Java libraries. You will be tested on a machine with the
-
-7
-00:00:16,730 --> 00:00:21,060
-vanilla installation of Java 1.6. Your program must compile on the command
-
-8
-00:00:21,060 --> 00:00:25,360
-line using the Java C command without any additional options. All code
-
-9
-00:00:25,360 --> 00:00:27,530
-required to execute the program that is not part of the
-
-10
-00:00:27,530 --> 00:00:31,950
-standard JDK, must be included as source code with your program.
-
-11
-00:00:31,950 --> 00:00:34,380
-Your program should be an application. That is, it should have
-
-12
-00:00:34,380 --> 00:00:37,160
-a main method and should be executable from the command line using
-
-13
-00:00:37,160 --> 00:00:40,100
-the Java command. The user should be able to provide a
-
-14
-00:00:40,100 --> 00:00:42,450
-file path to the file they wish to be analyzed as a
-
-15
-00:00:42,450 --> 00:00:45,880
-command line argument. User should be able to specify which delimiters
-
-16
-00:00:45,880 --> 00:00:50,570
-count as sentence separators, using the flag -d, defaulting to Lauren's initial
-
-17
-00:00:50,570 --> 00:00:53,930
-thoughts on what should be used as delimiters. The user should be
-
-18
-00:00:53,930 --> 00:00:58,170
-able to specify a lower limit for word length, using the flag -l,
-
-19
-00:00:58,170 --> 00:01:02,100
-defaulting to Lauren's guess at what value might be good. Finally, the program's
-
-20
-00:01:02,100 --> 00:01:03,710
-output should be the average sentence
-
-21
-00:01:03,710 --> 00:01:05,720
-length. Rounded down to the nearest integer.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 27581a6..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,340 --> 00:00:05,670
-Hello and welcome to the second part of our software engineering course. In the
-
-2
-00:00:05,670 --> 00:00:09,030
-previous mini-course, we discussed some basic principles
-
-3
-00:00:09,030 --> 00:00:12,430
-behind software engineering. We provided an overview of
-
-4
-00:00:12,430 --> 00:00:15,790
-several software process models and we introduced
-
-5
-00:00:15,790 --> 00:00:18,530
-some important tools that can help developers
-
-6
-00:00:18,530 --> 00:00:21,363
-increase their productivity. In this mini-course, we
-
-7
-00:00:21,363 --> 00:00:25,740
-will focus on requirement and prototyping. More precisely,
-
-8
-00:00:25,740 --> 00:00:28,840
-we will discuss in depth requirements
-
-9
-00:00:28,840 --> 00:00:32,400
-engineering activities. We will also discuss
-
-10
-00:00:32,400 --> 00:00:34,950
-techniques to perform a system analysis
-
-11
-00:00:34,950 --> 00:00:38,720
-and design in an object-oriented fashion. So,
-
-12
-00:00:38,720 --> 00:00:42,250
-let's start the first lesson of this mini-course, which is about the use
-
-13
-00:00:42,250 --> 00:00:45,230
-of engineering techniques to understand and
-
-14
-00:00:45,230 --> 00:00:48,450
-specify the purpose of a software system.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/10 - Completeness Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/10 - Completeness Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 1ab5b4a..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/10 - Completeness Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,130 --> 00:00:03,060
-So now that we saw which of these requirements are pertinent and
-
-2
-00:00:03,060 --> 00:00:06,520
-which ones are not, can we consider the above list of requirements
-
-3
-00:00:06,520 --> 00:00:09,710
-of the list of these requirements marked here as a complete list
-
-4
-00:00:09,710 --> 00:00:13,254
-of requirements for a gym? And you have two options, yes or no.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/11 - Completeness Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/11 - Completeness Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 2ddc7e9..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/11 - Completeness Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:02,060
-And the answer is clearly no.
-
-2
-00:00:02,060 --> 00:00:05,060
-Obviously, there are many missing requirements here.
-
-3
-00:00:05,060 --> 00:00:07,910
-For example, requirements about registration for the
-
-4
-00:00:07,910 --> 00:00:11,560
-customers, requirements about fitness program creation, membership
-
-5
-00:00:11,560 --> 00:00:15,481
-types, and so on. Plus, we are also missing all of the nonfunctional
-
-6
-00:00:15,481 --> 00:00:19,270
-requirements, which we haven't seen yet, but that we will discuss in a bit.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/12 - Irrelevant Requirements Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/12 - Irrelevant Requirements Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b5fe86..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/12 - Irrelevant Requirements Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,400
-In the previous quiz, we saw that some of the requirements
-
-2
-00:00:02,400 --> 00:00:04,920
-that they put in the list were not pertinent. They were
-
-3
-00:00:04,920 --> 00:00:08,590
-irrelevant. So let me ask you. Why can irrelevant requirements be
-
-4
-00:00:08,590 --> 00:00:12,170
-harmful? Why is that a problem to have irrelevant requirements? So
-
-5
-00:00:12,170 --> 00:00:15,060
-here, I'm giving you four possible answers. And I'd like for
-
-6
-00:00:15,060 --> 00:00:18,150
-you to mark all that apply. Can irrelevant requirements be harmful
-
-7
-00:00:18,150 --> 00:00:21,210
-because they may lead to missing functionality in the final product.
-
-8
-00:00:21,210 --> 00:00:23,390
-Because they can introduce inconsistency. Because
-
-9
-00:00:23,390 --> 00:00:25,410
-they can waste the project resources.
-
-10
-00:00:25,410 --> 00:00:28,170
-Or because they may introduce bugs in the software system. And
-
-11
-00:00:28,170 --> 00:00:30,680
-as I said, more than one can be a valid reason.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/13 - Irrelevant Requirements Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/13 - Irrelevant Requirements Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index f1c51c1..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/13 - Irrelevant Requirements Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:02,920
-So let's go through the list. Definitely irrelevant requirements
-
-2
-00:00:02,920 --> 00:00:06,370
-cannot lead to missing functionality in the final product, because
-
-3
-00:00:06,370 --> 00:00:10,730
-irrelevant requirements actually refer to unneeded functionality in the system.
-
-4
-00:00:10,730 --> 00:00:13,030
-So functionality that is put in the requirements, but it
-
-5
-00:00:13,030 --> 00:00:15,120
-is not really needed. So we're not going to mark
-
-6
-00:00:15,120 --> 00:00:19,400
-this one. Indeed, irrelevant requirements can introduce inconsistencies. So they
-
-7
-00:00:19,400 --> 00:00:22,490
-could be irrelevant requirements that not only are not pertinent
-
-8
-00:00:22,490 --> 00:00:25,620
-but they are inconsistent with some of the pertinent requirements.
-
-9
-00:00:25,620 --> 00:00:29,220
-They can also waste project resources, because if we spend time
-
-10
-00:00:29,220 --> 00:00:31,920
-designing and then implementing the parts of the system that we
-
-11
-00:00:31,920 --> 00:00:35,410
-refer to these irrelevant requirements, of course, we are wasting project
-
-12
-00:00:35,410 --> 00:00:38,570
-resources. And I will not mark the last one because there's really
-
-13
-00:00:38,570 --> 00:00:42,220
-no correlation between any irrelevant requirements and bugs in the software
-
-14
-00:00:42,220 --> 00:00:45,350
-system. Of course, by implementing the part of the system that refers
-
-15
-00:00:45,350 --> 00:00:47,960
-to an irrelevant requirement you might introduce a bug. But that's
-
-16
-00:00:47,960 --> 00:00:51,020
-not necessarily the case, and there really no correlation between the two.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/14 - Best Practices - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/14 - Best Practices - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 7497280..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/14 - Best Practices - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:02,290
-But we collect requirements all the time, right? Every
-
-2
-00:00:02,290 --> 00:00:04,960
-time we build a software system. So how do people
-
-3
-00:00:04,960 --> 00:00:08,320
-cope with these difficulties? What are the best practices?
-
-4
-00:00:08,320 --> 00:00:12,950
-In practice, developers or analysts usually identify a whole bunch
-
-5
-00:00:12,950 --> 00:00:16,590
-of requirements. Sometimes the easiest and most obvious ones. They
-
-6
-00:00:16,590 --> 00:00:19,370
-bring those to the stakeholders, and the stakeholders have to
-
-7
-00:00:19,370 --> 00:00:23,100
-read the requirements, understand them, and if they agree, sign
-
-8
-00:00:23,100 --> 00:00:25,580
-off on them. And the problem is that in general,
-
-9
-00:00:25,580 --> 00:00:28,910
-these requirements documents are difficult to read. They are long, they
-
-10
-00:00:28,910 --> 00:00:32,470
-are often unstructured. They typically contain a lot of information. And
-
-11
-00:00:32,470 --> 00:00:35,310
-in general, they are not exactly a pleasant read. So what
-
-12
-00:00:35,310 --> 00:00:39,710
-happens is that often the stakeholders are short on time, overwhelmed
-
-13
-00:00:39,710 --> 00:00:42,380
-by the amount of information they're given and so they give
-
-14
-00:00:42,380 --> 00:00:44,800
-in to the pressure and sign. And this is a bit
-
-15
-00:00:44,800 --> 00:00:47,300
-of a dramatization clearly but it's clear that what we are
-
-16
-00:00:47,300 --> 00:00:50,640
-looking at is not an ideal scenario. Clearly this is not
-
-17
-00:00:50,640 --> 00:00:53,810
-the way to identify the real purpose of a software system to
-
-18
-00:00:53,810 --> 00:00:57,920
-collect good requirements. And since one of the major causes for project
-
-19
-00:00:57,920 --> 00:01:02,130
-failure is the inadequacy of requirements, we should really avoid this kind
-
-20
-00:01:02,130 --> 00:01:03,590
-of scenario. We should follow a
-
-21
-00:01:03,590 --> 00:01:06,810
-rigorous and effective requirements engineering process instead.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/15 - RE Definition Breakdown - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/15 - RE Definition Breakdown - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index bcc06a5..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/15 - RE Definition Breakdown - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,207 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,130 --> 00:00:02,540
-But how can we do that? How can we identify the purpose
-
-2
-00:00:02,540 --> 00:00:06,080
-of the system and collect good requirements? To answer that question, let me
-
-3
-00:00:06,080 --> 00:00:07,800
-give you another definition of requirements
-
-4
-00:00:07,800 --> 00:00:09,590
-engineering. And this one is a classical
-
-5
-00:00:09,590 --> 00:00:13,010
-one, one that summarizes what we discussed so far, and then we can
-
-6
-00:00:13,010 --> 00:00:16,180
-use as some sort of reference. And it is a little long.
-
-7
-00:00:16,180 --> 00:00:18,710
-Definitely longer than the one that we saw at the beginning. But it's
-
-8
-00:00:18,710 --> 00:00:21,840
-an important one and it contains a lot of very relevant points. So,
-
-9
-00:00:21,840 --> 00:00:25,210
-we're going to go through it and highlight these points. So the definition says,
-
-10
-00:00:25,210 --> 00:00:28,970
-that the requirements engineering is a set of activities concerned
-
-11
-00:00:28,970 --> 00:00:32,990
-with identifying and communicating the purpose of a software intensive
-
-12
-00:00:32,990 --> 00:00:35,770
-system and the context in which it will be used.
-
-13
-00:00:35,770 --> 00:00:38,570
-And this is exactly what we said at the beginning. But
-
-14
-00:00:38,570 --> 00:00:40,940
-something we can highlight in here, is the fact that
-
-15
-00:00:40,940 --> 00:00:44,210
-we're talking about a set of activities. So, what that means
-
-16
-00:00:44,210 --> 00:00:46,800
-is that requirements engineering is not just a phase or
-
-17
-00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:51,050
-a stage. It also says that it's about identifying and communicating.
-
-18
-00:00:51,050 --> 00:00:53,720
-And what that is telling us is that communication is
-
-19
-00:00:53,720 --> 00:00:56,670
-as important as the analysis. So, it's important to be
-
-20
-00:00:56,670 --> 00:00:59,990
-able to communicate these requirements not only to collect them.
-
-21
-00:00:59,990 --> 00:01:02,018
-And we will discuss many reasons why that is the
-
-22
-00:01:02,018 --> 00:01:05,880
-case. It explicitly talks about purpose. So that allows me
-
-23
-00:01:05,880 --> 00:01:10,310
-to stress, once more, that quality means fitness-for-purpose. We cannot
-
-24
-00:01:10,310 --> 00:01:14,410
-say anything about quality unless we understand the purpose. And
-
-25
-00:01:14,410 --> 00:01:16,210
-the last thing I want to point out in this first
-
-26
-00:01:16,210 --> 00:01:18,420
-part of the definition is the use of the term
-
-27
-00:01:18,420 --> 00:01:21,060
-context. This is also something else that we mentioned at
-
-28
-00:01:21,060 --> 00:01:24,890
-the beginning, that designers, analysts, need to know how and
-
-29
-00:01:24,890 --> 00:01:28,015
-where the system will be used. Without this information, you
-
-30
-00:01:28,015 --> 00:01:30,455
-cannot really understand what the system should do and you
-
-31
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-cannot really build the system. So now, let's continue and
-
-32
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-read the second part of the definition that says, hence.
-
-33
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-Requirements engineering acts as the bridge between the real-world needs of
-
-34
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-users, customers, and other constituencies affected by a
-
-35
-00:01:45,315 --> 00:01:49,440
-software system and the capabilities and opportunities afforded
-
-36
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-by software-intensive technologies. This is a long sentence,
-
-37
-00:01:52,870 --> 00:01:55,030
-but also here, we can point out a
-
-38
-00:01:55,030 --> 00:01:57,670
-few interesting and relevant points. Let me start
-
-39
-00:01:57,670 --> 00:02:00,612
-by highlighting two parts. Real-world needs, and the
-
-40
-00:02:00,612 --> 00:02:04,150
-capabilities, and opportunities. So, what are these two
-
-41
-00:02:04,150 --> 00:02:07,000
-parts telling us? They are telling us that requirements
-
-42
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-are partly about what is needed, the real-world needs
-
-43
-00:02:09,949 --> 00:02:13,520
-of all these stakeholders. But they're also partly about what
-
-44
-00:02:13,520 --> 00:02:16,100
-is possible, what we can actually build. We need
-
-45
-00:02:16,100 --> 00:02:19,260
-to compromise between these two things. And, finally, I would
-
-46
-00:02:19,260 --> 00:02:23,000
-like to point out this term constituencies, which indicates
-
-47
-00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:26,220
-that we need to identify all of the stakeholders, not
-
-48
-00:02:26,220 --> 00:02:29,130
-just the customer and the users, so anybody who is
-
-49
-00:02:29,130 --> 00:02:32,040
-affected by a software system. It is very important to
-
-50
-00:02:32,040 --> 00:02:35,130
-consider all of these actors. Otherwise, again,
-
-51
-00:02:35,130 --> 00:02:37,530
-we'll be missing requirements, we'll be missing
-
-52
-00:02:37,530 --> 00:02:41,120
-part of the purpose of the system and we will build a suboptimal system.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/16 - Defining Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/16 - Defining Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 2c8dde2..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/16 - Defining Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,219 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,220 --> 00:00:02,120
-So at this point, we have talked quite a bit about
-
-2
-00:00:02,120 --> 00:00:03,800
-requirements engineering, but we haven't
-
-3
-00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:06,450
-really discussed what are requirements exactly.
-
-4
-00:00:06,450 --> 00:00:08,880
-So what is a requirement? To define that I am going
-
-5
-00:00:08,880 --> 00:00:11,860
-to use this diagram which is a classical one. So you might
-
-6
-00:00:11,860 --> 00:00:14,980
-have seen it before. So, discussing this diagram allows me to
-
-7
-00:00:14,980 --> 00:00:18,720
-point out a few interesting things about requirements and define them
-
-8
-00:00:18,720 --> 00:00:21,660
-in a better way. At a high level this diagram contains
-
-9
-00:00:21,660 --> 00:00:24,780
-two main parts, the domain of the machine, which is the hardware,
-
-10
-00:00:24,780 --> 00:00:27,670
-operating system, libraries and so on, on which the
-
-11
-00:00:27,670 --> 00:00:30,860
-software will run. And the domain of the application, which
-
-12
-00:00:30,860 --> 00:00:33,510
-is a world in which the software will operate.
-
-13
-00:00:33,510 --> 00:00:36,690
-And the machine domain is characterized by computers, which are
-
-14
-00:00:36,690 --> 00:00:39,980
-the hardware devices, and programs, which is the software
-
-15
-00:00:39,980 --> 00:00:43,430
-that runs on these devices. The application domain, conversely, is
-
-16
-00:00:43,430 --> 00:00:47,370
-characterized by domain properties, which are things that are true
-
-17
-00:00:47,370 --> 00:00:50,330
-of the world anyways, whether I'm building my system or
-
-18
-00:00:50,330 --> 00:00:53,510
-not, and requirements, which are things in the world we
-
-19
-00:00:53,510 --> 00:00:56,220
-would like to achieve by delivering the system that we are
-
-20
-00:00:56,220 --> 00:00:59,400
-building. Basically, to put it in a different way, the former,
-
-21
-00:00:59,400 --> 00:01:02,950
-the domain properties, represents the assumptions that we make on the
-
-22
-00:01:02,950 --> 00:01:06,740
-domain. And the latter, the requirements, are the actual requirements
-
-23
-00:01:06,740 --> 00:01:09,660
-that we aim to collect. So we have something here, right,
-
-24
-00:01:09,660 --> 00:01:13,380
-at the intersection of this application domain and this machine domain.
-
-25
-00:01:13,380 --> 00:01:15,570
-And what is that? And this is what we normally call
-
-26
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-the specification, which is a description, often a formal description,
-
-27
-00:01:19,225 --> 00:01:22,120
-of what the system that we are building should do to
-
-28
-00:01:22,120 --> 00:01:25,520
-meet the requirements. So this is a bridge between these two
-
-29
-00:01:25,520 --> 00:01:29,380
-domains. And as the graphical depiction shows, the specification is written
-
-30
-00:01:29,380 --> 00:01:33,220
-in terms of shared phenomena. Things that are observable in both
-
-31
-00:01:33,220 --> 00:01:35,980
-the machine domain and the application domain. And just to make
-
-32
-00:01:35,980 --> 00:01:37,540
-things a little more concrete, I want to give you a
-
-33
-00:01:37,540 --> 00:01:41,180
-couple of examples of what these phenomena, these shared phenomena, are.
-
-34
-00:01:41,180 --> 00:01:43,350
-And we can think about two main kinds of phenomena.
-
-35
-00:01:43,350 --> 00:01:46,080
-The first one are events in the real world that the
-
-36
-00:01:46,080 --> 00:01:50,140
-machine can directly sense. For example, a button being pushed or
-
-37
-00:01:50,140 --> 00:01:53,910
-a sensor being activated. These are events that happen here, but
-
-38
-00:01:53,910 --> 00:01:56,500
-that the machine can detect. So they're events that can
-
-39
-00:01:56,500 --> 00:01:59,650
-be used to define the specification. And the second type of
-
-40
-00:01:59,650 --> 00:02:02,890
-phenomena are actions in the real world that the machine can
-
-41
-00:02:02,890 --> 00:02:06,380
-directly cause. For example, an image appearing on a screen or
-
-42
-00:02:06,380 --> 00:02:09,300
-a device being turned on and off. Again, this is something
-
-43
-00:02:09,300 --> 00:02:12,460
-that the machine can make happen and then can have manifestation in
-
-44
-00:02:12,460 --> 00:02:15,520
-the real world. And again this is therefore something on which
-
-45
-00:02:15,520 --> 00:02:17,720
-the specification can predicate, something that
-
-46
-00:02:17,720 --> 00:02:19,750
-we can describe in our specification.
-
-47
-00:02:19,750 --> 00:02:22,860
-And this is sort of a philosophical discussion, but even if
-
-48
-00:02:22,860 --> 00:02:26,210
-you don't care about the philosophical discussion, the one take away point
-
-49
-00:02:26,210 --> 00:02:28,800
-that I would like for you to get from this discussion is
-
-50
-00:02:28,800 --> 00:02:31,392
-the fact that when writing a specification you have to be aware
-
-51
-00:02:31,392 --> 00:02:34,860
-of the fact that you're talking about shared phenomena. Events in the real
-
-52
-00:02:34,860 --> 00:02:39,100
-world that the machine can sense and actions in the real world that the
-
-53
-00:02:39,100 --> 00:02:43,048
-machine can cause. So this is what the specification is about, a bridge between
-
-54
-00:02:43,048 --> 00:02:44,760
-these two worlds that define what the
-
-55
-00:02:44,760 --> 00:02:47,170
-system should do to satisfy the requirements.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/17 - Defining Requirements Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/17 - Defining Requirements Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 343e3cb..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/17 - Defining Requirements Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:01,780
-Since we just discussed application
-
-2
-00:00:01,780 --> 00:00:04,770
-domain, machine domain, and the specificiation,
-
-3
-00:00:04,770 --> 00:00:07,760
-let's make sure that these concepts are well understood. To do that,
-
-4
-00:00:07,760 --> 00:00:09,740
-I'm going to use a quiz, and I would like for you
-
-5
-00:00:09,740 --> 00:00:12,590
-to refer to the figure that we just discussed that I'm also
-
-6
-00:00:12,590 --> 00:00:16,050
-reproducing here on a small scale on the right. And then
-
-7
-00:00:16,050 --> 00:00:19,080
-referring to the figure, you should indicate for each of the items
-
-8
-00:00:19,080 --> 00:00:22,140
-that I'm going to show you here shortly. Whether they belong to
-
-9
-00:00:22,140 --> 00:00:25,360
-the machine domain. In this case, we're going to put a one next
-
-10
-00:00:25,360 --> 00:00:28,150
-to the icon. The application domain, in this case you should
-
-11
-00:00:28,150 --> 00:00:31,410
-put two. Or their intersection, and in this case you should
-
-12
-00:00:31,410 --> 00:00:34,100
-put three. So this is the lists of items. So let
-
-13
-00:00:34,100 --> 00:00:37,750
-me read it. An algorithm sorts a list of books in alphabetical
-
-14
-00:00:37,750 --> 00:00:41,070
-order by the first author's name. A notification of the arrival
-
-15
-00:00:41,070 --> 00:00:44,380
-of a message appears on a smart watch. An employee wants to
-
-16
-00:00:44,380 --> 00:00:47,150
-organize a meeting with a set of colleagues. And finally, a
-
-17
-00:00:47,150 --> 00:00:50,690
-user clicks a link on a web page. So again, put 1,
-
-18
-00:00:50,690 --> 00:00:55,740
-2, or 3 here in these lots, depending on whether you think that these items
-
-19
-00:00:55,740 --> 00:00:57,840
-belong to the machine domain, the application
-
-20
-00:00:57,840 --> 00:01:00,910
-domain, or their intersection. So, their specification, here.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/18 - Defining Requirements Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/18 - Defining Requirements Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 7fcbd53..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/18 - Defining Requirements Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:03,460
-So let's look at each one of these items individually, starting from
-
-2
-00:00:03,460 --> 00:00:06,260
-the first one. And here this item has to do with how
-
-3
-00:00:06,260 --> 00:00:08,250
-the machine stores the information and
-
-4
-00:00:08,250 --> 00:00:10,240
-how the corresponding algorithm is written.
-
-5
-00:00:10,240 --> 00:00:12,920
-But it has no bearing in the real world. That is, in
-
-6
-00:00:12,920 --> 00:00:15,720
-the application domain. Therefore this. Definitely
-
-7
-00:00:15,720 --> 00:00:17,200
-belongs to the machine domain, and
-
-8
-00:00:17,200 --> 00:00:19,610
-we're going to put a one here. What about a notification of
-
-9
-00:00:19,610 --> 00:00:21,980
-the arrival of a message on a smart watch? This is an
-
-10
-00:00:21,980 --> 00:00:25,170
-event that is generated within the machine, but it has an effect,
-
-11
-00:00:25,170 --> 00:00:28,480
-an observable effect, in this case, in the real world as well.
-
-12
-00:00:28,480 --> 00:00:31,780
-Therefore, we're going to mark this as three. So this is an
-
-13
-00:00:31,780 --> 00:00:33,460
-event. This is something that belongs
-
-14
-00:00:33,460 --> 00:00:35,160
-to the intersection between the application
-
-15
-00:00:35,160 --> 00:00:37,480
-domain and the machine domain. So it's something that could be in
-
-16
-00:00:37,480 --> 00:00:40,730
-the specification. Now what about an employee that wants to organize a
-
-17
-00:00:40,730 --> 00:00:43,850
-meeting with a set of colleagues? This is an event that belongs
-
-18
-00:00:43,850 --> 00:00:46,460
-to the application domain because it is a fact that it's true
-
-19
-00:00:46,460 --> 00:00:50,290
-that exists. In the real world independently from the existence of a machine.
-
-20
-00:00:50,290 --> 00:00:52,380
-Therefore, we're going to mark this as two.
-
-21
-00:00:52,380 --> 00:00:54,890
-Finally, the event of a user clicking on a
-
-22
-00:00:54,890 --> 00:00:58,950
-link on a web page is an event that occurs in the real world but that has an
-
-23
-00:00:58,950 --> 00:01:01,932
-effect also within the machine and, therefore, we're
-
-24
-00:01:01,932 --> 00:01:04,920
-going to mark this as three, something that happens
-
-25
-00:01:04,920 --> 00:01:07,730
-at the intersection. between these two domains, and once
-
-26
-00:01:07,730 --> 00:01:10,060
-more, something that could be in a specification.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/19 - Functional and Nonfunctional Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/19 - Functional and Nonfunctional Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 1cff519..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/19 - Functional and Nonfunctional Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,188 --> 00:00:02,360
-Among the requirement that we can collect from the application
-
-2
-00:00:02,360 --> 00:00:05,030
-domain, we need to distinguish between two main types. And you've
-
-3
-00:00:05,030 --> 00:00:06,540
-probably heard about these ones.
-
-4
-00:00:06,540 --> 00:00:09,650
-Functional requirments and non-functional requiremnts. Functional
-
-5
-00:00:09,650 --> 00:00:13,020
-requiremetns have to do with the functionality of the system, with
-
-6
-00:00:13,020 --> 00:00:16,660
-what the system does with the computation. For example the elevator
-
-7
-00:00:16,660 --> 00:00:19,660
-shall take people to the floor they select. That's a functional
-
-8
-00:00:19,660 --> 00:00:22,650
-requirement, that has to do with the functionality of the system.
-
-9
-00:00:22,650 --> 00:00:25,550
-Or for a very simple one, the system has to output
-
-10
-00:00:25,550 --> 00:00:27,620
-the square root of the number past as
-
-11
-00:00:27,620 --> 00:00:29,910
-an input. So these kind of requirements have in
-
-12
-00:00:29,910 --> 00:00:33,630
-general well defined satisfaction criteria. So, for example, if
-
-13
-00:00:33,630 --> 00:00:35,420
-for the latter one that we mentioned it is
-
-14
-00:00:35,420 --> 00:00:37,560
-pretty clear how to check whether the output
-
-15
-00:00:37,560 --> 00:00:39,784
-is actually the square root of the number passed
-
-16
-00:00:39,784 --> 00:00:43,535
-in input. Non-functional requirements, conversely, refer to a system's
-
-17
-00:00:43,535 --> 00:00:46,800
-non-functional properties, systems qualities.
-
-18
-00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:50,120
-Such as security, accuracy, performance,
-
-19
-00:00:50,120 --> 00:00:52,220
-cost. Or, you know, usability,
-
-20
-00:00:52,220 --> 00:00:55,910
-adaptability, interoperability, reusability and so
-
-21
-00:00:55,910 --> 00:00:58,850
-on. So, all these qualities the don't necessarily have to
-
-22
-00:00:58,850 --> 00:01:02,520
-do with the functionality. And, unlike functional requirements, non functional
-
-23
-00:01:02,520 --> 00:01:06,060
-requirements Do not always have clear satisfaction criteria. For example,
-
-24
-00:01:06,060 --> 00:01:08,670
-if we say that the elevator must be fast, that's
-
-25
-00:01:08,670 --> 00:01:10,640
-a non-functional requrement. Right? It has to do with the
-
-26
-00:01:10,640 --> 00:01:13,030
-speed of the elevator, which is a quality of the
-
-27
-00:01:13,030 --> 00:01:15,535
-elevator. But, it, it's not clear how such a requirement
-
-28
-00:01:15,535 --> 00:01:17,980
-could be satisfied. How could we tell whether the elevator
-
-29
-00:01:17,980 --> 00:01:20,000
-is fast or not. So, what we need to do
-
-30
-00:01:20,000 --> 00:01:22,390
-in these cases Is that we need to refine these
-
-31
-00:01:22,390 --> 00:01:25,300
-requirements so that they become verifiable. For the example that
-
-32
-00:01:25,300 --> 00:01:27,360
-I just mentioned, for instance, we might say that the
-
-33
-00:01:27,360 --> 00:01:30,730
-elevator must reach the requested floor in less than 30
-
-34
-00:01:30,730 --> 00:01:33,190
-seconds from the moment when the floor button is pushed.
-
-35
-00:01:33,190 --> 00:01:36,030
-This is still a non-functional requirment, but is a verifiable one.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/2 - Interview with Jane Cleland-Huang - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/2 - Interview with Jane Cleland-Huang - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 2a1bc1c..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/2 - Interview with Jane Cleland-Huang - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,411 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,270 --> 00:00:02,800
-As we did for other lessons, before starting this
-
-2
-00:00:02,800 --> 00:00:06,150
-lesson on requirements engineering, I want to ask a world
-
-3
-00:00:06,150 --> 00:00:10,210
-expert on this topic a few questions. I'm here with
-
-4
-00:00:10,210 --> 00:00:14,150
-Jane Cleland-Huang, a professor at the DePaul University. And Jane
-
-5
-00:00:14,150 --> 00:00:16,500
-is a world expert in the area of requirements
-
-6
-00:00:16,500 --> 00:00:19,830
-engineering, which is the theme of this lesson. So I'm
-
-7
-00:00:19,830 --> 00:00:22,220
-talking to Jane who is currently in Chicago and I
-
-8
-00:00:22,220 --> 00:00:25,380
-want to. Ask her a few questions about requirements engineering.
-
-9
-00:00:25,380 --> 00:00:26,530
-So hi Jane how are you?
-
-10
-00:00:26,530 --> 00:00:27,990
-&gt;&gt; Fine. Thank you Alex.
-
-11
-00:00:27,990 --> 00:00:29,480
-&gt;&gt; And thank you so much for agreeing to
-
-12
-00:00:29,480 --> 00:00:31,960
-be interviewed for our course, I'm sure the students
-
-13
-00:00:31,960 --> 00:00:34,080
-will really benefit from this. And let me start
-
-14
-00:00:34,080 --> 00:00:37,240
-with the first question which is what are software requirements?
-
-15
-00:00:37,240 --> 00:00:40,900
-&gt;&gt; That's an interesting question. And software requirements
-
-16
-00:00:40,900 --> 00:00:44,220
-basically provide us a description of what a
-
-17
-00:00:44,220 --> 00:00:47,520
-system has to do. So, typically they describe
-
-18
-00:00:47,520 --> 00:00:50,550
-the functionality of the features. That the system has
-
-19
-00:00:50,550 --> 00:00:54,420
-to deliver in order to satisfy its stakeholders.
-
-20
-00:00:54,420 --> 00:00:59,010
-And we usually talk about the requirement specification
-
-21
-00:00:59,010 --> 00:01:01,050
-in terms of what the system's going to
-
-22
-00:01:01,050 --> 00:01:04,010
-do. And we describe it sometimes formally in
-
-23
-00:01:04,010 --> 00:01:07,300
-terms of set of shall statements, that the
-
-24
-00:01:07,300 --> 00:01:09,110
-system shall do this or shall do that.
-
-25
-00:01:09,110 --> 00:01:12,330
-Or we can use various templates to specify
-
-26
-00:01:12,330 --> 00:01:16,120
-both textural requirements. But requirements can also be represented
-
-27
-00:01:16,120 --> 00:01:20,790
-informally in, in the form of user stories, or use cases, or more
-
-28
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-formally in the form of state transition diagrams and even in kind of
-
-29
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-formal specifications. Especially for critical parts of safety critical systems.
-
-30
-00:01:32,260 --> 00:01:34,180
-&gt;&gt; And another should discuss what the
-
-31
-00:01:34,180 --> 00:01:37,230
-requirements are. What is the requirements engineering?
-
-32
-00:01:37,230 --> 00:01:41,180
-&gt;&gt; So, that's also an interesting question because if you notice
-
-33
-00:01:41,180 --> 00:01:45,330
-it's it's engineering and I'm sure in the
-
-34
-00:01:45,330 --> 00:01:47,750
-other parts of the software engineering process that
-
-35
-00:01:47,750 --> 00:01:51,130
-you're discussing in your course. Parts such as
-
-36
-00:01:51,130 --> 00:01:55,200
-testing or coding. They don't have the word engineering
-
-37
-00:01:55,200 --> 00:01:56,930
-there and I think one of the reasons
-
-38
-00:01:56,930 --> 00:02:00,310
-requirements engineering has that term is because it covers
-
-39
-00:02:00,310 --> 00:02:03,570
-a number of different activities. So it includes
-
-40
-00:02:03,570 --> 00:02:07,390
-things such as working with stakeholders to elicit or
-
-41
-00:02:07,390 --> 00:02:10,620
-to proactively discover what their requirements of the
-
-42
-00:02:10,620 --> 00:02:14,440
-system are. Analyzing those requirements so that we
-
-43
-00:02:14,440 --> 00:02:17,380
-understand the tradeoffs. So you might have different
-
-44
-00:02:17,380 --> 00:02:21,170
-stakeholders that care about different things, and it
-
-45
-00:02:21,170 --> 00:02:26,086
-might not be possible to deliver all of those things, so we have to analyze the
-
-46
-00:02:26,086 --> 00:02:29,140
-feasibility of the requirements, explore the tradeoffs, emerge
-
-47
-00:02:29,140 --> 00:02:32,550
-conflicts. And then of course the specification part,
-
-48
-00:02:32,550 --> 00:02:34,930
-which we talked about a little bit already,
-
-49
-00:02:34,930 --> 00:02:37,340
-and the validation, so did we in fact get
-
-50
-00:02:37,340 --> 00:02:40,480
-the requirements right? Did we build a system
-
-51
-00:02:40,480 --> 00:02:43,490
-that actually matches our, our requirements. And then on
-
-52
-00:02:43,490 --> 00:02:46,960
-into the requirements management process. And the requirements
-
-53
-00:02:46,960 --> 00:02:50,860
-management process. Kind of like goes through things like
-
-54
-00:02:50,860 --> 00:02:55,010
-change management. So what if customer or stakeholders
-
-55
-00:02:55,010 --> 00:02:57,630
-need the system to change? How do we manage
-
-56
-00:02:57,630 --> 00:03:00,180
-changing requirements? And I think this is one of
-
-57
-00:03:00,180 --> 00:03:03,230
-the reasons that we've coined the term engineering because
-
-58
-00:03:03,230 --> 00:03:06,490
-that it's, has to be a systematic process which
-
-59
-00:03:06,490 --> 00:03:09,550
-extends across. The whole of this is life cycle.
-
-60
-00:03:09,550 --> 00:03:12,890
-&gt;&gt; And I guess my last question here is
-
-61
-00:03:12,890 --> 00:03:15,100
-so now that we heard about software requirements and
-
-62
-00:03:15,100 --> 00:03:18,790
-about software requirements engineering, why is requirements engineering so
-
-63
-00:03:18,790 --> 00:03:20,770
-important? So what happens if we don't do it right?
-
-64
-00:03:20,770 --> 00:03:22,620
-&gt;&gt; Well, I'm sure that, you know,
-
-65
-00:03:22,620 --> 00:03:24,880
-many people have probably read the kind of
-
-66
-00:03:24,880 --> 00:03:28,560
-report like Spanish report, and other reports of failed
-
-67
-00:03:28,560 --> 00:03:31,900
-project, and things like that, and are aware that
-
-68
-00:03:31,900 --> 00:03:35,280
-one of the major reasons for projects failing
-
-69
-00:03:35,280 --> 00:03:37,360
-is because we didn't get the requirements right
-
-70
-00:03:37,360 --> 00:03:40,110
-in the first place. So if we don't understand
-
-71
-00:03:40,110 --> 00:03:42,970
-the requirements then we're simply going to build the
-
-72
-00:03:42,970 --> 00:03:47,960
-wrong system. Getting requirements right includes all sorts of
-
-73
-00:03:47,960 --> 00:03:52,900
-things such as finding the right group of stakeholders so we don't exclude major
-
-74
-00:03:52,900 --> 00:03:56,940
-groups of stakeholders. Understanding the requirements correctly.
-
-75
-00:03:56,940 --> 00:03:59,910
-There will be many, many different examples of
-
-76
-00:03:59,910 --> 00:04:02,310
-projects that have failed. For example, in
-
-77
-00:04:02,310 --> 00:04:06,500
-America the healthcare.gov failure, and while we cannot
-
-78
-00:04:06,500 --> 00:04:09,540
-put the blame squarely in the area
-
-79
-00:04:09,540 --> 00:04:13,040
-of requirements, because obviously the project was challenged
-
-80
-00:04:13,040 --> 00:04:15,650
-for a number of different reasons. But
-
-81
-00:04:15,650 --> 00:04:21,070
-clearly it underperformed in many respects related to
-
-82
-00:04:21,070 --> 00:04:25,740
-security, performance, and reliability and these are all
-
-83
-00:04:25,740 --> 00:04:28,300
-parts of the requirements process. Things that should
-
-84
-00:04:28,300 --> 00:04:30,000
-have been discovered and the system should have
-
-85
-00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:32,914
-been built in order to meet those requirements,
-
-86
-00:04:32,914 --> 00:04:36,240
-getting the requirements right in the first place.
-
-87
-00:04:36,240 --> 00:04:38,110
-Puts us, a project on the right foot.
-
-88
-00:04:38,110 --> 00:04:41,430
-And so that gives us a much better chance
-
-89
-00:04:41,430 --> 00:04:44,940
-of delivering to the customer what they need. And
-
-90
-00:04:44,940 --> 00:04:49,130
-designing a solution that really meets those requirements. So,
-
-91
-00:04:49,130 --> 00:04:52,800
-it's a critical part of the overall software engineering success.
-
-92
-00:04:52,800 --> 00:04:56,441
-&gt;&gt; Okay. So that's critical. I mean, we better get our requirements right.
-
-93
-00:04:56,441 --> 00:04:56,987
-&gt;&gt; Yeah.
-
-94
-00:04:56,987 --> 00:04:57,733
-&gt;&gt; That's, that's the message.
-
-95
-00:04:57,733 --> 00:04:57,743
-&gt;&gt; Yeah.
-
-96
-00:04:57,743 --> 00:05:00,822
-&gt;&gt; Okay. Well, thank you so much Jane, for taking
-
-97
-00:05:00,822 --> 00:05:03,435
-the time off your busy schedule to speak with us.
-
-98
-00:05:03,435 --> 00:05:07,150
-I'm sure. The students really appreciate this, and we'll talk to you soon.
-
-99
-00:05:07,150 --> 00:05:08,480
-&gt;&gt; Bye Alex, thank you.
-
-100
-00:05:08,480 --> 00:05:10,890
-&gt;&gt; Bye, Jane, bye bye. Jane gave
-
-101
-00:05:10,890 --> 00:05:13,410
-us an interesting perspective on requirements engineering
-
-102
-00:05:13,410 --> 00:05:15,410
-and its importance. Let's now start our
-
-103
-00:05:15,410 --> 00:05:18,050
-lesson with a general definition of requirements engineering.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/20 - User and System Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/20 - User and System Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 2da3f58..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/20 - User and System Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:03,170
-Another important distinction, when talking about requirements, is that
-
-2
-00:00:03,170 --> 00:00:07,220
-between user and system requirements. So, let's start with defining
-
-3
-00:00:07,220 --> 00:00:10,540
-user requirements. Those are requirements that are written for the
-
-4
-00:00:10,540 --> 00:00:13,400
-customers and they're often in natural language and they don't
-
-5
-00:00:13,400 --> 00:00:16,190
-contain technical details. And the reason for that is
-
-6
-00:00:16,190 --> 00:00:19,740
-that their purpose is to allow customers, stakeholders, to check
-
-7
-00:00:19,740 --> 00:00:22,210
-that the system will do what they intended. So it's
-
-8
-00:00:22,210 --> 00:00:25,470
-a way for the analyst, the developers, to communicate with
-
-9
-00:00:25,470 --> 00:00:28,460
-the customers, with the stakeholders. System requirements, on the
-
-10
-00:00:28,460 --> 00:00:32,560
-other hand, are written for developers. Contain detailed functional and
-
-11
-00:00:32,560 --> 00:00:35,330
-non functional requirements. Which we just discussed, and which
-
-12
-00:00:35,330 --> 00:00:39,860
-are clearly and more rigourously specified than the user requirements.
-
-13
-00:00:39,860 --> 00:00:42,130
-And the reason for this difference is that the
-
-14
-00:00:42,130 --> 00:00:45,410
-purpose of the system requirements is to tell developers what
-
-15
-00:00:45,410 --> 00:00:47,870
-to build. They must contain enough details so the
-
-16
-00:00:47,870 --> 00:00:50,480
-developers can take them and use them to design and
-
-17
-00:00:50,480 --> 00:00:52,530
-then develop a system. Just to give you a concrete
-
-18
-00:00:52,530 --> 00:00:55,750
-example, here I'm showing you a user requirement that just says
-
-19
-00:00:55,750 --> 00:00:59,510
-that the software must provide a means of representing and accessing
-
-20
-00:00:59,510 --> 00:01:03,940
-external files created by other tools, and the corresponding system requirement.
-
-21
-00:01:03,940 --> 00:01:05,700
-And as you can see, even if we don't read the
-
-22
-00:01:05,700 --> 00:01:09,380
-whole requirements. The former is an informal and high level description
-
-23
-00:01:09,380 --> 00:01:12,210
-of a piece of functionality, whereas the latter describes the same
-
-24
-00:01:12,210 --> 00:01:15,940
-functionality but in a much more extensive and rigorous way. As
-
-25
-00:01:15,940 --> 00:01:18,760
-I said, this is something that the developers can use to
-
-26
-00:01:18,760 --> 00:01:21,820
-design and then build a system whereas this is something that
-
-27
-00:01:21,820 --> 00:01:25,590
-can be used to communicate. With the stakeholders, with a non-technical
-
-28
-00:01:25,590 --> 00:01:29,490
-audience. And we need to define both because they serve different purposes.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/21 - Requirements Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/21 - Requirements Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 4b416e8..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/21 - Requirements Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
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@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:02,940
-After all these talking about requirements, let's have a small quiz, I
-
-2
-00:00:02,940 --> 00:00:04,019
-want to ask you which of the
-
-3
-00:00:04,019 --> 00:00:07,840
-following requirements are non-functional requirements? And here
-
-4
-00:00:07,840 --> 00:00:10,860
-I'm listing the requirements, the first one says at the BowlingAlley program
-
-5
-00:00:10,860 --> 00:00:13,420
-keeps track of the score during a game, the second one is that
-
-6
-00:00:13,420 --> 00:00:16,720
-the WordCount program should be able to process large files. The third
-
-7
-00:00:16,720 --> 00:00:19,580
-one is that the Login program for a website. Should be secure, and
-
-8
-00:00:19,580 --> 00:00:22,880
-finally the last one says that the vending machine program should take coins
-
-9
-00:00:22,880 --> 00:00:25,430
-as an input from the user. So, I want you to mark all
-
-10
-00:00:25,430 --> 00:00:27,590
-the ones that are non-functional requirements, that
-
-11
-00:00:27,590 --> 00:00:29,640
-don't refer to the functionality of the system.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/22 - Requirements Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/22 - Requirements Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index e957484..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/22 - Requirements Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:03,710
-So, the first requirement clearly refers to some specific functionality of
-
-2
-00:00:03,710 --> 00:00:07,230
-the Bowling Alley system, because it talks about what the system has
-
-3
-00:00:07,230 --> 00:00:10,420
-to do from a functional standpoint. So, it's definitely not a non-functional
-
-4
-00:00:10,420 --> 00:00:13,400
-requirement. On the other hand, the fact that the Word Count system
-
-5
-00:00:13,400 --> 00:00:16,320
-should be able to process large files, is telling us something not
-
-6
-00:00:16,320 --> 00:00:19,580
-about the functionality of the system, but rather about its qualities. The
-
-7
-00:00:19,580 --> 00:00:21,600
-fact that it has to be scalable, that it has to be
-
-8
-00:00:21,600 --> 00:00:25,190
-efficient and so we can consider this to be a non-functional requirement.
-
-9
-00:00:25,190 --> 00:00:27,010
-Similarly, the fact that the Login program for a
-
-10
-00:00:27,010 --> 00:00:29,390
-website should be secure is definitely telling us something
-
-11
-00:00:29,390 --> 00:00:31,800
-about the quality of the system that has little
-
-12
-00:00:31,800 --> 00:00:34,026
-to do with its functionality. And so this is
-
-13
-00:00:34,026 --> 00:00:36,680
-also a non-functional requirement. Finally, the fact that the
-
-14
-00:00:36,680 --> 00:00:38,980
-Vending Machine program should take coins as an input
-
-15
-00:00:38,980 --> 00:00:41,010
-from the user is telling us something about the
-
-16
-00:00:41,010 --> 00:00:44,100
-functionality of the program and therefore, is a functional requirement.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/23 - Requirement Origins - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/23 - Requirement Origins - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 6fe4931..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/23 - Requirement Origins - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,130 --> 00:00:01,880
-Now that we know what the requirements are and
-
-2
-00:00:01,880 --> 00:00:05,520
-their main types, let's discuss where requirements come from and
-
-3
-00:00:05,520 --> 00:00:08,610
-there are many possible sources for requirements so I'm
-
-4
-00:00:08,610 --> 00:00:10,610
-going to list here the main ones. The first one are
-
-5
-00:00:10,610 --> 00:00:14,440
-clearly stakeholders, anybody who is effected by the system
-
-6
-00:00:14,440 --> 00:00:18,830
-and its functionality. Customers, users, and so on. The second
-
-7
-00:00:18,830 --> 00:00:22,610
-typical social requirement is the application domain. For example,
-
-8
-00:00:22,610 --> 00:00:25,380
-the fact that my software is running within a bank,
-
-9
-00:00:25,380 --> 00:00:27,930
-or within a school. Why is the application domain a
-
-10
-00:00:27,930 --> 00:00:31,410
-social requirement? Well, because there are constraints that are characteristics
-
-11
-00:00:31,410 --> 00:00:34,140
-of the application domain that will affect the functionality of
-
-12
-00:00:34,140 --> 00:00:37,130
-the system. For a simple example, just think about regulations.
-
-13
-00:00:37,130 --> 00:00:40,400
-So banking regulations and school regulations in these cases. Those
-
-14
-00:00:40,400 --> 00:00:43,120
-are things that might affect the functionality of my system
-
-15
-00:00:43,120 --> 00:00:45,570
-and, therefore, that may become part of my requirements. And,
-
-16
-00:00:45,570 --> 00:00:50,120
-finally, documentation can be an additional source of requirements. For example,
-
-17
-00:00:50,120 --> 00:00:54,110
-notes, papers, manuals, books. So everything that refers to
-
-18
-00:00:54,110 --> 00:00:56,610
-the functionality of the system that we're going to build.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/24 - Elicitation Problems - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/24 - Elicitation Problems - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 2d81db7..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/24 - Elicitation Problems - lang_en_vs4.srt	
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@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,190 --> 00:00:03,440
-Unfortunately, extracting requirements from these sources is not
-
-2
-00:00:03,440 --> 00:00:06,220
-a straightforward task, as there are many issues involved
-
-3
-00:00:06,220 --> 00:00:09,470
-with the requirements elicitation. One first problem is the
-
-4
-00:00:09,470 --> 00:00:13,930
-thin spread of domain knowledge. Knowledge is rarely available
-
-5
-00:00:13,930 --> 00:00:15,970
-in an explicit form, that is, it is
-
-6
-00:00:15,970 --> 00:00:20,310
-almost never written down. Moreover, knowledge is often distributed
-
-7
-00:00:20,310 --> 00:00:23,410
-across many sources. For example, in the graphical depiction
-
-8
-00:00:23,410 --> 00:00:25,590
-here, to find out that this is the purpose
-
-9
-00:00:25,590 --> 00:00:28,240
-of the project. The developer, the analyist, needs to talk
-
-10
-00:00:28,240 --> 00:00:30,870
-to a lot of different people. And, to make things even
-
-11
-00:00:30,870 --> 00:00:34,400
-worse. There are often conflicts between the knowledge gathered from
-
-12
-00:00:34,400 --> 00:00:37,610
-different sources. A second issue is the fact that the knowledge
-
-13
-00:00:37,610 --> 00:00:41,090
-is often tacit. What is also called the say, do
-
-14
-00:00:41,090 --> 00:00:44,052
-problem. In the example shown here. For instance. We have a
-
-15
-00:00:44,052 --> 00:00:47,650
-customer that is describing to the analyst. The way in which
-
-16
-00:00:47,650 --> 00:00:51,060
-he accomplishes a task. So it performs these three steps and
-
-17
-00:00:51,060 --> 00:00:54,300
-reaches the goal. Whereas in practice, the actual way in
-
-18
-00:00:54,300 --> 00:00:57,530
-which this task accomplished is by going through a larger number
-
-19
-00:00:57,530 --> 00:00:59,880
-of steps to get to the same goal. So the point
-
-20
-00:00:59,880 --> 00:01:02,650
-here is that, even if the knowledge were more concentrated, so
-
-21
-00:01:02,650 --> 00:01:05,660
-not as spread as in this example. People simply find
-
-22
-00:01:05,660 --> 00:01:08,680
-it hard to describe knowledge that they regularly use. So it
-
-23
-00:01:08,680 --> 00:01:11,740
-is hard to make this knowledge explicit, to pass this knowledge
-
-24
-00:01:11,740 --> 00:01:13,130
-to someone else. Yet another
-
-25
-00:01:13,130 --> 00:01:16,690
-problem is limited observability. Identifying requirements
-
-26
-00:01:16,690 --> 00:01:20,570
-through observation is often difficult as the problem owners might be
-
-27
-00:01:20,570 --> 00:01:23,550
-too busy to perform the task that we need to observe.
-
-28
-00:01:23,550 --> 00:01:25,750
-Or they might be doing a lot of other things together
-
-29
-00:01:25,750 --> 00:01:27,980
-with the task that we need to observe, so that becomes
-
-30
-00:01:27,980 --> 00:01:31,530
-confusing. That introduces noise. Moreover, even when this is not the
-
-31
-00:01:31,530 --> 00:01:34,460
-case, the presence of an observer might change their problem. It
-
-32
-00:01:34,460 --> 00:01:38,020
-is very typical for human subjects to improve or modify an
-
-33
-00:01:38,020 --> 00:01:41,760
-aspect of their behavior, which is being experimentally measured in response
-
-34
-00:01:41,760 --> 00:01:44,110
-to the fact that they know that they're being studied. You know
-
-35
-00:01:44,110 --> 00:01:47,110
-that somebody's studying you and you change the way in which you behave.
-
-36
-00:01:47,110 --> 00:01:50,910
-A typical issue. Finally, the information that we collect might be biased.
-
-37
-00:01:50,910 --> 00:01:54,270
-For several reasons. People might not feel free to tell you what you
-
-38
-00:01:54,270 --> 00:01:57,030
-need to know. Or, people might not want to tell you what
-
-39
-00:01:57,030 --> 00:02:00,240
-you need to know. For example, in all the common cases in which
-
-40
-00:02:00,240 --> 00:02:03,870
-the outcome might effect them, people might provide you a different picture
-
-41
-00:02:03,870 --> 00:02:06,770
-from the real one. In order to influence you. So, they might have
-
-42
-00:02:06,770 --> 00:02:08,820
-a hidden agenda, and mislead you, either
-
-43
-00:02:08,820 --> 00:02:11,860
-consciously or unconsciously. So, all these issues
-
-44
-00:02:11,860 --> 00:02:14,370
-add to the complexity of collecting requirements,
-
-45
-00:02:14,370 --> 00:02:16,522
-of identifying the purpose of a system.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/25 - Traditional Techniques - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/25 - Traditional Techniques - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index cc58665..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/25 - Traditional Techniques - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,207 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,930
-To cover the intrinsic problem of eliciting requirements,
-
-2
-00:00:02,930 --> 00:00:05,670
-many different techniques have been proposed. So here
-
-3
-00:00:05,670 --> 00:00:08,260
-I list some of most traditional techniques for
-
-4
-00:00:08,260 --> 00:00:11,290
-requirement elicitation and as I present those, please keep
-
-5
-00:00:11,290 --> 00:00:13,140
-in mind that these techniques can be used
-
-6
-00:00:13,140 --> 00:00:17,230
-separately or combined. A first technique is called background
-
-7
-00:00:17,230 --> 00:00:20,740
-reading. And, this technique involves collecting information by
-
-8
-00:00:20,740 --> 00:00:24,840
-reading existing documents such as company reports, organizational charts,
-
-9
-00:00:24,840 --> 00:00:29,280
-policy manuals, job descriptions, documentation of existing systems and so
-
-10
-00:00:29,280 --> 00:00:32,400
-on. And, this technique is especially appropriate when one Is
-
-11
-00:00:32,400 --> 00:00:35,370
-not familiar with your organization for which the requirements are
-
-12
-00:00:35,370 --> 00:00:38,950
-being collected. So you want to get some background before interviewing
-
-13
-00:00:38,950 --> 00:00:41,240
-actual people. And one of the main imitations of these
-
-14
-00:00:41,240 --> 00:00:43,930
-kinds of approaches is that written documents might be out
-
-15
-00:00:43,930 --> 00:00:46,320
-of sync and they often are out of sync with
-
-16
-00:00:46,320 --> 00:00:49,970
-reality. Tend to be long winded. It may contain many irrelevant
-
-17
-00:00:49,970 --> 00:00:51,850
-details, so you may have to look at a lot
-
-18
-00:00:51,850 --> 00:00:54,810
-of materials to extract enough information. The hard data and
-
-19
-00:00:54,810 --> 00:00:58,650
-samples techniques consist in deciding which hard data we want
-
-20
-00:00:58,650 --> 00:01:01,680
-to collect and choosing the sample of the population for which
-
-21
-00:01:01,680 --> 00:01:04,750
-to collect such data and hard data includes facts and
-
-22
-00:01:04,750 --> 00:01:09,790
-figures such as forms, invoices, financial information, survey results, marketing
-
-23
-00:01:09,790 --> 00:01:12,300
-data, and so on. And the sampling of this data
-
-24
-00:01:12,300 --> 00:01:15,170
-can be done in different ways. For example, the typical ways
-
-25
-00:01:15,170 --> 00:01:19,200
-to do random selection. Interviews are another typical approach for
-
-26
-00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:21,870
-requirement solicitation, and this is the approach that we use for
-
-27
-00:01:21,870 --> 00:01:24,910
-the first project in this course, for instance. Interviews can be
-
-28
-00:01:24,910 --> 00:01:27,720
-structured in which case there is an agenda of fairly open
-
-29
-00:01:27,720 --> 00:01:30,450
-questions or they can be open ended in which case there
-
-30
-00:01:30,450 --> 00:01:32,770
-is no preset agenda and the interview is more of a
-
-31
-00:01:32,770 --> 00:01:36,500
-conversation. On the positive side, interviews can collect a rich set
-
-32
-00:01:36,500 --> 00:01:40,260
-of information because they allow for uncovering opinions as well as
-
-33
-00:01:40,260 --> 00:01:43,230
-hard facts. Moreover, they can probe in depth through follow
-
-34
-00:01:43,230 --> 00:01:46,790
-up questions. On the more negative side, interviewing requires special
-
-35
-00:01:46,790 --> 00:01:50,400
-skills that are difficult to master and require experience. And
-
-36
-00:01:50,400 --> 00:01:52,890
-it is not enough to collect a lot of information. If
-
-37
-00:01:52,890 --> 00:01:55,520
-this information is hard to analyze or even irrelevant, it
-
-38
-00:01:55,520 --> 00:01:58,250
-might become useless. So you need to know how to conduct
-
-39
-00:01:58,250 --> 00:02:01,180
-an interview in order to take advantage of these techniques.
-
-40
-00:02:01,180 --> 00:02:05,440
-Surveys can also be extremely useful for gathering new requirements because
-
-41
-00:02:05,440 --> 00:02:08,550
-they can quickly collect information from a large number
-
-42
-00:02:08,550 --> 00:02:11,520
-of people. Moreover, they can be administered remotely. For
-
-43
-00:02:11,520 --> 00:02:13,610
-example, by email, through the web. On the other
-
-44
-00:02:13,610 --> 00:02:16,750
-hand, surveys tend to severely constrain the information that
-
-45
-00:02:16,750 --> 00:02:19,430
-the user can provide and might miss opportunities to
-
-46
-00:02:19,430 --> 00:02:24,460
-collect unforeseen, relevant information. Finally, meetings are generally used
-
-47
-00:02:24,460 --> 00:02:27,690
-for summarization of findings and collection of feedback, so as
-
-48
-00:02:27,690 --> 00:02:30,500
-to confirm or refute what has been learned. So the
-
-49
-00:02:30,500 --> 00:02:32,660
-only additional thing I want to mention about meetings
-
-50
-00:02:32,660 --> 00:02:34,920
-is the fact that it is fundamental that have clearly
-
-51
-00:02:34,920 --> 00:02:37,970
-stated objectives and are planned carefully. This is something that
-
-52
-00:02:37,970 --> 00:02:40,730
-should be quite obvious, but doesn't always happen in practice.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/26 - Other Techniques - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/26 - Other Techniques - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index f29fb9c..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/26 - Other Techniques - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,070 --> 00:00:02,370
-So just for completeness, I want to mention some other
-
-2
-00:00:02,370 --> 00:00:05,340
-techniques besides the traditional ones that we just saw that
-
-3
-00:00:05,340 --> 00:00:07,880
-can be used for requirements solicitation. And these other
-
-4
-00:00:07,880 --> 00:00:10,740
-techniques can be divided in three main groups. There are
-
-5
-00:00:10,740 --> 00:00:14,820
-collaborative techniques that were created to support incremental development
-
-6
-00:00:14,820 --> 00:00:18,850
-of complex systems with large diverse user populations. An example
-
-7
-00:00:18,850 --> 00:00:21,130
-of such techniques which is widely used and you
-
-8
-00:00:21,130 --> 00:00:25,120
-might know is brainstorming. There are also social approaches and
-
-9
-00:00:25,120 --> 00:00:28,140
-these are approaches, techniques that exploit the social
-
-10
-00:00:28,140 --> 00:00:31,520
-sciences to better collect information from the stakeholders and
-
-11
-00:00:31,520 --> 00:00:34,310
-the environment. And among those I just want to mention
-
-12
-00:00:34,310 --> 00:00:36,730
-ethnographic techniques which are based on the idea of
-
-13
-00:00:36,730 --> 00:00:40,100
-collecting information on the participants by observing them
-
-14
-00:00:40,100 --> 00:00:44,660
-in their original environment. Finally cognitive techniques, leverage cognitive
-
-15
-00:00:44,660 --> 00:00:48,490
-science approaches to discover expert knowledge for example they
-
-16
-00:00:48,490 --> 00:00:51,260
-can be used to understand the problem solving methods.
-
-17
-00:00:51,260 --> 00:00:54,000
-And in case you're interested in finding out more about this and
-
-18
-00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:57,580
-other techniques, I'm providing some references in the notes for the lesson.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/27 - Modeling Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/27 - Modeling Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index d4ade17..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/27 - Modeling Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,223 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,220 --> 00:00:03,550
-Once we collected the required knowledge on the requirements for
-
-2
-00:00:03,550 --> 00:00:06,120
-the system that we're developing, we need to model it in
-
-3
-00:00:06,120 --> 00:00:08,430
-a structured and clear way, so that it can be
-
-4
-00:00:08,430 --> 00:00:12,100
-analyzed and refined. And there are really tons of ways to
-
-5
-00:00:12,100 --> 00:00:15,840
-do that, depending on your focus and objectives. More specifically,
-
-6
-00:00:15,840 --> 00:00:18,940
-when modeling requirements you need to decide what you want to
-
-7
-00:00:18,940 --> 00:00:21,710
-model and how you want to model it. So let's look
-
-8
-00:00:21,710 --> 00:00:25,390
-at these two aspects independently. What you decide to model depends
-
-9
-00:00:25,390 --> 00:00:28,270
-on where your emphasis is. That is on which
-
-10
-00:00:28,270 --> 00:00:31,390
-aspects of the requirements you want to focus. For
-
-11
-00:00:31,390 --> 00:00:34,880
-example if your emphasis is on the characteristics of
-
-12
-00:00:34,880 --> 00:00:37,970
-the enterprise of the company that you are analyzing you
-
-13
-00:00:37,970 --> 00:00:40,240
-may want to model goals and objectives of the
-
-14
-00:00:40,240 --> 00:00:44,380
-company, or its organizational structure, its task and dependencies
-
-15
-00:00:44,380 --> 00:00:47,040
-and so on. Conversely, if your focus is on
-
-16
-00:00:47,040 --> 00:00:50,500
-information and behaviors, you might want to concentrate on aspects
-
-17
-00:00:50,500 --> 00:00:53,800
-such as the structure of information, various behavioral views
-
-18
-00:00:53,800 --> 00:00:55,480
-some of which we will see in the next
-
-19
-00:00:55,480 --> 00:00:59,650
-lesson, or maybe time or sequencing requirements. Finally, if
-
-20
-00:00:59,650 --> 00:01:02,750
-you're mostly interested in the quality aspects of your
-
-21
-00:01:02,750 --> 00:01:06,790
-system, you will focus on the various non-functional properties
-
-22
-00:01:06,790 --> 00:01:09,070
-of the software that are relevant in the context
-
-23
-00:01:09,070 --> 00:01:13,570
-considered. For example reliability, robustness, security, and so on.
-
-24
-00:01:13,570 --> 00:01:15,550
-You will just pick the ones that are relevant for
-
-25
-00:01:15,550 --> 00:01:18,540
-your context. And as we said, there's a second dimension.
-
-26
-00:01:18,540 --> 00:01:21,050
-After you have decided what to model in your system,
-
-27
-00:01:21,050 --> 00:01:23,480
-you have to decide how you want to model it.
-
-28
-00:01:23,480 --> 00:01:25,860
-So I want to show here some options for modeling
-
-29
-00:01:25,860 --> 00:01:30,380
-enterprises, information, and quality aspects. And as you can see
-
-30
-00:01:30,380 --> 00:01:34,100
-here for each type of information there are many possible
-
-31
-00:01:34,100 --> 00:01:36,840
-models that we can use to represent it. And all
-
-32
-00:01:36,840 --> 00:01:38,750
-these models have advantages and
-
-33
-00:01:38,750 --> 00:01:41,400
-disadvantages, different levels of formality and
-
-34
-00:01:41,400 --> 00:01:44,000
-different focus. Something else that I want to point out
-
-35
-00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:47,145
-about these models is the fact that these models are often
-
-36
-00:01:47,145 --> 00:01:50,980
-orthogonal to one another, especially if we consider models in different
-
-37
-00:01:50,980 --> 00:01:54,620
-categories. So what that means is that they're complimentary rather than
-
-38
-00:01:54,620 --> 00:01:58,310
-mutually exclusive. Different models can be used to provide views
-
-39
-00:01:58,310 --> 00:02:01,290
-of the requirements from different perspectives, and we will not see
-
-40
-00:02:01,290 --> 00:02:03,700
-most of these models in this course, but I wanted to
-
-41
-00:02:03,700 --> 00:02:06,550
-list them anyways to give you an idea of how many
-
-42
-00:02:06,550 --> 00:02:09,490
-there are and how vast is this area. As far
-
-43
-00:02:09,490 --> 00:02:11,540
-as we are concerned in the course and for the
-
-44
-00:02:11,540 --> 00:02:14,660
-projects we will express requirements using one of two main
-
-45
-00:02:14,660 --> 00:02:19,010
-ways. Using natural language, that is informal specifications and using
-
-46
-00:02:19,010 --> 00:02:22,600
-UML diagrams, which is graphical models. And we will introduce
-
-47
-00:02:22,600 --> 00:02:25,840
-UML and the most important diagrams in the next lesson.
-
-48
-00:02:25,840 --> 00:02:27,330
-And the only other type of models that I want
-
-49
-00:02:27,330 --> 00:02:31,610
-to mentions explicitly are goal models because they're extremely popular.
-
-50
-00:02:31,610 --> 00:02:34,930
-So the main idea with goal models is it start with the main goal of
-
-51
-00:02:34,930 --> 00:02:36,990
-the system and then keep refining it
-
-52
-00:02:36,990 --> 00:02:39,654
-by decomposing it in sub-goals. So it's kind
-
-53
-00:02:39,654 --> 00:02:41,610
-of a very natural way of progressing.
-
-54
-00:02:41,610 --> 00:02:44,210
-And you continue this refinement until you get
-
-55
-00:02:44,210 --> 00:02:47,150
-to goals that can be operationalized, and represent
-
-56
-00:02:47,150 --> 00:02:49,380
-the basic units of functionality of the system.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/28 - Analyzing Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/28 - Analyzing Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index c7d4899..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/28 - Analyzing Requirements - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,155 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,250 --> 00:00:01,940
-Now we are at the point in which we
-
-2
-00:00:01,940 --> 00:00:05,590
-have collected and modeled our requirements. So the next thing
-
-3
-00:00:05,590 --> 00:00:08,310
-that we can do is to analyze the requirements to
-
-4
-00:00:08,310 --> 00:00:11,720
-identify possible problems, and specifically there are three types of
-
-5
-00:00:11,720 --> 00:00:14,646
-analysis that we can perform. The first type of analysis
-
-6
-00:00:14,646 --> 00:00:16,820
-is verification. So in this case we're talking about the
-
-7
-00:00:16,820 --> 00:00:19,700
-requirements verification. And in verification
-
-8
-00:00:19,700 --> 00:00:21,990
-developers will study the requirements
-
-9
-00:00:21,990 --> 00:00:25,270
-to check whether they're correct, whether they accurately reflect the
-
-10
-00:00:25,270 --> 00:00:28,710
-customer needs as perceived by the developer. Developers can
-
-11
-00:00:28,710 --> 00:00:32,170
-also check the completeness of the requirements, check whether there
-
-12
-00:00:32,170 --> 00:00:34,510
-are any missing pieces in the requirements as we
-
-13
-00:00:34,510 --> 00:00:37,710
-discussed earlier. They can check whether the requirements are pertinent,
-
-14
-00:00:37,710 --> 00:00:41,260
-or contain irrelevant information, like the one shown here.
-
-15
-00:00:41,260 --> 00:00:44,670
-And they can also check whether they're consistent, unambiguous, testable
-
-16
-00:00:44,670 --> 00:00:46,920
-and so on, so all those properties that should
-
-17
-00:00:46,920 --> 00:00:50,380
-be satisfied for the requirements. A second type of analysis
-
-18
-00:00:50,380 --> 00:00:53,670
-that is typically performed on requirements is validation. And
-
-19
-00:00:53,670 --> 00:00:56,290
-the goal of validation is to assess whether the collected
-
-20
-00:00:56,290 --> 00:00:59,870
-requirements define the system that the stakeholders really want.
-
-21
-00:00:59,870 --> 00:01:02,330
-So the focus here is on the stakeholders. And in
-
-22
-00:01:02,330 --> 00:01:05,670
-some cases, stakeholders can check the requirements directly if
-
-23
-00:01:05,670 --> 00:01:08,910
-the requirements are expressed in a notation that they understand.
-
-24
-00:01:08,910 --> 00:01:11,120
-Or they might check them by discussing them with the
-
-25
-00:01:11,120 --> 00:01:15,490
-developers. Another possibility is that stakeholders asses the requirements by
-
-26
-00:01:15,490 --> 00:01:18,400
-interacting with a prototype of the system, in case
-
-27
-00:01:18,400 --> 00:01:21,690
-the requirements engineering process that is being used involves
-
-28
-00:01:21,690 --> 00:01:25,300
-early prototyping. And finally surveys, testing, and other techniques
-
-29
-00:01:25,300 --> 00:01:28,400
-can also be used to validate requirements. A final type
-
-30
-00:01:28,400 --> 00:01:30,780
-of analysis that we can perform on requirements is
-
-31
-00:01:30,780 --> 00:01:34,430
-risk analysis. And risk analysis aims to identify and
-
-32
-00:01:34,430 --> 00:01:37,680
-analyze the main risks involved with the development of
-
-33
-00:01:37,680 --> 00:01:40,560
-the system being considered. And if some requirements are deemed
-
-34
-00:01:40,560 --> 00:01:43,320
-to be too risky, like in this case, this might result in
-
-35
-00:01:43,320 --> 00:01:47,880
-changes in the requirements model to eliminate or address those risks. And note
-
-36
-00:01:47,880 --> 00:01:49,950
-that all these analysis activities can
-
-37
-00:01:49,950 --> 00:01:52,390
-be performed in many different ways depending
-
-38
-00:01:52,390 --> 00:01:53,990
-on the modeling languages chosen to
-
-39
-00:01:53,990 --> 00:01:56,150
-represent the requirements and on the context.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/29 - Requirements Prioritization - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/29 - Requirements Prioritization - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 09978d7..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/29 - Requirements Prioritization - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:04,010
-Why collecting, modeling, and analyzing requirements? We might realize
-
-2
-00:00:04,010 --> 00:00:07,310
-that the resources available for the project are not enough
-
-3
-00:00:07,310 --> 00:00:10,000
-to satisfy all of them. For example, there's not
-
-4
-00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:13,450
-enough time, not enough money, not enough manpower. And therefore,
-
-5
-00:00:13,450 --> 00:00:15,590
-there are some requirements that we won't be able
-
-6
-00:00:15,590 --> 00:00:19,760
-to satisfy. In these cases, we must prioritize our requirements,
-
-7
-00:00:19,760 --> 00:00:22,310
-by classifying them in one of three classes. The
-
-8
-00:00:22,310 --> 00:00:25,270
-first class is mandatory requirements, and these are the requirements
-
-9
-00:00:25,270 --> 00:00:29,770
-we must satisfy. Then there are the nice to have requirements that are the
-
-10
-00:00:29,770 --> 00:00:32,170
-ones that we will satisfy if resources
-
-11
-00:00:32,170 --> 00:00:34,740
-allow. And finally, there are the superfluous
-
-12
-00:00:34,740 --> 00:00:36,440
-requirements, and those are the requirements that
-
-13
-00:00:36,440 --> 00:00:37,770
-we're going to keep around, but that we're
-
-14
-00:00:37,770 --> 00:00:40,010
-going to postpone. For example, we might decide
-
-15
-00:00:40,010 --> 00:00:41,770
-to satisfy them in the next release.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/3 - General RE Definition - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/3 - General RE Definition - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 34ec511..0000000
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@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,360 --> 00:00:03,900
-Basically, and roughly speaking, requirements engineering, which is
-
-2
-00:00:03,900 --> 00:00:06,630
-also called in short, RE, is the process
-
-3
-00:00:06,630 --> 00:00:10,520
-of establishing the services that the customer requires
-
-4
-00:00:10,520 --> 00:00:13,530
-from the software system. In addition to that, requirements
-
-5
-00:00:13,530 --> 00:00:16,360
-engineering also has to do with the constraints
-
-6
-00:00:16,360 --> 00:00:19,900
-under which the system operates and is developed. Requirements
-
-7
-00:00:19,900 --> 00:00:22,770
-engineering is a very important activity for several
-
-8
-00:00:22,770 --> 00:00:25,450
-reasons. In particular, as we also saw in earlier
-
-9
-00:00:25,450 --> 00:00:29,860
-lessons, many errors are made in requirement specifications. So many
-
-10
-00:00:29,860 --> 00:00:33,100
-errors are made because we don't do requirements engineering in
-
-11
-00:00:33,100 --> 00:00:35,670
-the right way. And many of these errors are not
-
-12
-00:00:35,670 --> 00:00:38,340
-being detected early. But they could be if we were
-
-13
-00:00:38,340 --> 00:00:41,350
-to do RE in the right way. And, unfortunately, not
-
-14
-00:00:41,350 --> 00:00:45,510
-detecting these errors can dramatically increase software costs. So that's
-
-15
-00:00:45,510 --> 00:00:48,250
-the reason why requirements engineering is important, and why it
-
-16
-00:00:48,250 --> 00:00:50,730
-is important to do it in the right way. The final
-
-17
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-result of the requirements engineering process is a software
-
-18
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-requirements specification that we also called SRS. We will discuss
-
-19
-00:00:58,230 --> 00:01:01,060
-SRS later in more details and also when we talk
-
-20
-00:01:01,060 --> 00:01:03,740
-about the projects for the course. For now, it is
-
-21
-00:01:03,740 --> 00:01:07,040
-enough to say that the software requirements specification and
-
-22
-00:01:07,040 --> 00:01:10,280
-the requirements engineering, in general, should focus on what the
-
-23
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-proposed system is intended to do, and not on the
-
-24
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-how it will do it. In fact, how the system
-
-25
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-will do what it is required to do is something that we
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-26
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-will discuss when we talk about design of a system in later phases.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/30 - Requirements Prioritization Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/30 - Requirements Prioritization Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/30 - Requirements Prioritization Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
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@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:03,090
-Now that we talked about requirements prioritization, let's try to see
-
-2
-00:00:03,090 --> 00:00:06,110
-how this might work in practice. Imagine that you have collected the
-
-3
-00:00:06,110 --> 00:00:09,560
-folowing set of five requirements for an ATM system, but only
-
-4
-00:00:09,560 --> 00:00:12,680
-have resources to satisfy two of them. Possibly three. I would like
-
-5
-00:00:12,680 --> 00:00:15,550
-for you to look at this list and suitablely prioritize the
-
-6
-00:00:15,550 --> 00:00:19,220
-requirements by marking them as mandatory, in this case you're going to put
-
-7
-00:00:19,220 --> 00:00:21,840
-an M in the space. Nice to have, in this case you're
-
-8
-00:00:21,840 --> 00:00:25,350
-going to put an N. Or superfluous, in this case you're going to put
-
-9
-00:00:25,350 --> 00:00:28,005
-an S. This is the set of requirements, the first one
-
-10
-00:00:28,005 --> 00:00:30,342
-says that the system shall check the PIN of the ATM
-
-11
-00:00:30,342 --> 00:00:33,863
-card before allowing the customer to perform an operation. The second
-
-12
-00:00:33,863 --> 00:00:37,575
-says that the system shall perform an additional biometric verification of
-
-13
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-the customer identity for example a check of the customer's finger
-
-14
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-prints before it allows the customer to perform an operation. Then
-
-15
-00:00:44,294 --> 00:00:47,466
-we have that the system shall allow customers to withdraw cash
-
-16
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-using an ATM card. The system shall allow customer to deposit
-
-17
-00:00:50,580 --> 00:00:53,350
-money using an ATM card. And the system shall allow
-
-18
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-customers to change the pin of their ATM card. So again,
-
-19
-00:00:56,330 --> 00:01:00,600
-mark those as mandatory, nice to have, or superfluous considering the
-
-20
-00:01:00,600 --> 00:01:04,170
-fact that you can satisfy only two, possibly three of them.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/31 - Requirements Prioritization Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/31 - Requirements Prioritization Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/31 - Requirements Prioritization Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt	
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@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,130 --> 00:00:02,640
-Looking at the requirements, and knowing that we have only two
-
-2
-00:00:02,640 --> 00:00:05,630
-that we can satisfy for sure, it makes sense to first mark
-
-3
-00:00:05,630 --> 00:00:09,080
-as mandatory the ability to withdraw cash, which is the most typical
-
-4
-00:00:09,080 --> 00:00:12,650
-use of an ATM machine. We are therefore going to mark this requirement
-
-5
-00:00:12,650 --> 00:00:15,260
-with an M, for mandatory. It also makes sense to mark as
-
-6
-00:00:15,260 --> 00:00:18,390
-mandatory the fact that the ATM system checks the PIN of the
-
-7
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-card being used by the customer, as that's the typical level of
-
-8
-00:00:21,480 --> 00:00:23,680
-security that the customer would expect,
-
-9
-00:00:23,680 --> 00:00:25,760
-therefore we're going to mark as mandatory
-
-10
-00:00:25,760 --> 00:00:28,320
-also the first requirement here. And of course we
-
-11
-00:00:28,320 --> 00:00:31,930
-could also perform biometric verification, but based on our knowledge
-
-12
-00:00:31,930 --> 00:00:33,640
-of the domain, it seems like that should be
-
-13
-00:00:33,640 --> 00:00:37,410
-an additional verification, rather than the main and only verification
-
-14
-00:00:37,410 --> 00:00:40,170
-for the system. We will therefore mark it superfluous.
-
-15
-00:00:40,170 --> 00:00:42,720
-That is something that we can postpone until a later
-
-16
-00:00:42,720 --> 00:00:45,100
-release, the second requirement. Finally,
-
-17
-00:00:45,100 --> 00:00:46,740
-another typical operation that customers
-
-18
-00:00:46,740 --> 00:00:51,070
-perform at ATM machines is depositing. Whereas changing an ATM
-
-19
-00:00:51,070 --> 00:00:53,850
-card's PIN is not such a common operation. We'll therefore mark
-
-20
-00:00:53,850 --> 00:00:57,710
-it nice to have this fourth requirement and as superfluous, the
-
-21
-00:00:57,710 --> 00:01:00,420
-last one. So at the end, what we have is that
-
-22
-00:01:00,420 --> 00:01:03,540
-we have two mandatory requirements which are the two that we can
-
-23
-00:01:03,540 --> 00:01:06,280
-satisfy for sure. One, nice to have the requirement, which is
-
-24
-00:01:06,280 --> 00:01:09,960
-the possible third requirement which we might have time to satisfy. And
-
-25
-00:01:09,960 --> 00:01:12,980
-the other two that are marked as superfluous, as something that
-
-26
-00:01:12,980 --> 00:01:16,100
-we might do later, for example in a subsequent release. And of
-
-27
-00:01:16,100 --> 00:01:19,060
-course there is something subjective in these answers. But
-
-28
-00:01:19,060 --> 00:01:22,020
-again, based on our knowledge on our understanding of
-
-29
-00:01:22,020 --> 00:01:23,910
-the domain, these are the one that makes more
-
-30
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-sense for an ATM system as we know it.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/32 - Requirements Engineering Process - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/32 - Requirements Engineering Process - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index aa1ab28..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/32 - Requirements Engineering Process - lang_en_vs4.srt	
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@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:02,580
-Let's now put together all that we have discussed
-
-2
-00:00:02,580 --> 00:00:06,340
-and see how a requirements engineering process actually works.
-
-3
-00:00:06,340 --> 00:00:08,450
-So, first of all, we saw that requirements engineering
-
-4
-00:00:08,450 --> 00:00:12,080
-consists of three main steps. Elicitation of the requirements,
-
-5
-00:00:12,080 --> 00:00:15,450
-in which we extract requirements from various sources. Modeling
-
-6
-00:00:15,450 --> 00:00:17,880
-in which we represent the requirements using one or
-
-7
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-more notations or formal reasons and analysis, in which
-
-8
-00:00:21,650 --> 00:00:25,230
-we identify possible issues with our requirements and there is
-
-9
-00:00:25,230 --> 00:00:27,870
-actually a 4th step that we kind of mention
-
-10
-00:00:27,870 --> 00:00:30,670
-but not explicitly. And this is the negotiation that can
-
-11
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-happen between the stakeholders and the developers, during which
-
-12
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-requirements are discussed and modified until an agreement is reached.
-
-13
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-So if you want to think of this as a
-
-14
-00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:43,030
-process, so as a sequence of steps, we can see
-
-15
-00:00:43,030 --> 00:00:46,000
-that we start from elicitation. So we start by eliciting
-
-16
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-an initial setup requirements. We negotiate and refine this set,
-
-17
-00:00:50,450 --> 00:00:53,820
-then we model the resulting requirements. And finally, we
-
-18
-00:00:53,820 --> 00:00:58,190
-analyze such requirements. However, the process doesn't really stop here.
-
-19
-00:00:58,190 --> 00:01:00,620
-Why? Well, because as a result of the analysis,
-
-20
-00:01:00,620 --> 00:01:03,230
-we might have to perform further elicitation. And so this
-
-21
-00:01:03,230 --> 00:01:05,850
-process is not really a sequential one, but rather
-
-22
-00:01:05,850 --> 00:01:09,340
-an iterative process. So, in practice, we continue to iterate
-
-23
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-over these four steps gathering a better and better understanding
-
-24
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-of the requirements at every iteration until we are happy
-
-25
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-with the settle requirement that we gather and stop the process.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/33 - SRS - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/33 - SRS - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/33 - SRS - lang_en_vs5.srt	
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@@ -1,183 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:01,800
-Before I conclude this lesson, I want to say
-
-2
-00:00:01,800 --> 00:00:06,150
-a few additional things about the Software Requirement Specification document
-
-3
-00:00:06,150 --> 00:00:08,510
-or the SRS. And I want to do that because this
-
-4
-00:00:08,510 --> 00:00:10,900
-is a very important document and some of the projects
-
-5
-00:00:10,900 --> 00:00:13,160
-actually require you to produce one. So why is
-
-6
-00:00:13,160 --> 00:00:16,760
-the Requirement Specification such an important document? That's because a
-
-7
-00:00:16,760 --> 00:00:20,840
-Software Requirement Specification document is an important fundamental way to
-
-8
-00:00:20,840 --> 00:00:25,310
-communicate. Requirements to others. For example they represent a common
-
-9
-00:00:25,310 --> 00:00:29,490
-ground between analysts and stakeholders. Note however, that different
-
-10
-00:00:29,490 --> 00:00:32,810
-projects might require different software requirement specifications so you
-
-11
-00:00:32,810 --> 00:00:35,560
-need to know your context. For example, the SRS
-
-12
-00:00:35,560 --> 00:00:38,140
-document that you have to create for a small project
-
-13
-00:00:38,140 --> 00:00:40,690
-performed by a few developers can in most cases.
-
-14
-00:00:40,690 --> 00:00:43,570
-Be a concise and informal one. Conversely the software
-
-15
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-requirement specification for a multi-year project, involving a number
-
-16
-00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:50,480
-of developers can be a fairly complex and extensive document.
-
-17
-00:00:50,480 --> 00:00:52,000
-So again you have to be aware of your
-
-18
-00:00:52,000 --> 00:00:55,520
-context and build your software requirement specification accordingly. In
-
-19
-00:00:55,520 --> 00:00:58,536
-order to have a common format for the SRS
-
-20
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-document, IEEE defined a standard that divides the document in
-
-21
-00:01:01,380 --> 00:01:04,349
-predefined sections. And in the context of this course,
-
-22
-00:01:04,349 --> 00:01:07,530
-we will use a simplified version of the IEEE
-
-23
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-SRS format that includes three main sections. An introduction,
-
-24
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-which discusses the purpose, context, and objectives of the project.
-
-25
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-A user requirements definition, which contains the user
-
-26
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-requirements. And the system requirements specification, which includes both
-
-27
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-functional and non-functional requirements. And we provide more information
-
-28
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-about this format when we discuss the projects. So
-
-29
-00:01:29,430 --> 00:01:31,140
-to conclude the lesson, I want to point
-
-30
-00:01:31,140 --> 00:01:33,670
-out and in some cases recap a few important
-
-31
-00:01:33,670 --> 00:01:37,150
-characteristics that requirements should have. First of all, requirements
-
-32
-00:01:37,150 --> 00:01:40,740
-should be simple. Not compound. Each requirement should express
-
-33
-00:01:40,740 --> 00:01:43,710
-one specific piece of functionality that the system
-
-34
-00:01:43,710 --> 00:01:47,000
-should provide. Requirements should be testable. We mentioned
-
-35
-00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:48,660
-this before, but I want to stress it
-
-36
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-because it is a very important point. Untestable requirements
-
-37
-00:01:51,820 --> 00:01:53,850
-such as the system should be fast, are
-
-38
-00:01:53,850 --> 00:01:58,180
-useless. Requirements should be organized. Related requirements should be
-
-39
-00:01:58,180 --> 00:02:01,220
-grouped, more abstract requirements should contain more detailed
-
-40
-00:02:01,220 --> 00:02:05,400
-requirements, and priorities should be clearly indicated when present.
-
-41
-00:02:05,400 --> 00:02:07,532
-Finally, requirements should be numbered, so
-
-42
-00:02:07,532 --> 00:02:09,538
-that they can be traced. For example,
-
-43
-00:02:09,538 --> 00:02:11,430
-numbered requirements will allow you to trace
-
-44
-00:02:11,430 --> 00:02:14,510
-them to design. Implementation and testing elements
-
-45
-00:02:14,510 --> 00:02:17,350
-and items, which is something that you might have to do for one of
-
-46
-00:02:17,350 --> 00:02:20,680
-the projects. And that we will discuss in more detail in a later class.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/4 - Software Intensive Systems - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/4 - Software Intensive Systems - lang_en_vs5.srt
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index 28c70ad..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/4 - Software Intensive Systems - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:03,100
-In our initial definition of requirements engineering, we talked about
-
-2
-00:00:03,100 --> 00:00:06,130
-software systems. But what do we really mean when we
-
-3
-00:00:06,130 --> 00:00:09,980
-use the term software? Software is an abstract description of
-
-4
-00:00:09,980 --> 00:00:13,920
-a set of computations that becomes concrete, and therefore useful, only
-
-5
-00:00:13,920 --> 00:00:16,600
-when we run the software on some hardware, and that,
-
-6
-00:00:16,600 --> 00:00:19,310
-in the context of some human activity that it can
-
-7
-00:00:19,310 --> 00:00:22,530
-support. So what does that mean exactly? What that means
-
-8
-00:00:22,530 --> 00:00:25,235
-is that when we say software, what we really mean is
-
-9
-00:00:25,235 --> 00:00:28,790
-a software intensive system. That is, the combination
-
-10
-00:00:28,790 --> 00:00:31,930
-of 3 things, the software, the hardware on which
-
-11
-00:00:31,930 --> 00:00:34,610
-the software runs, and the context in which the
-
-12
-00:00:34,610 --> 00:00:37,470
-software is used. Just to illustrate, let me show
-
-13
-00:00:37,470 --> 00:00:40,010
-you this through a picture. What I'm showing here
-
-14
-00:00:40,010 --> 00:00:42,830
-is a customer, a user, that is using, is
-
-15
-00:00:42,830 --> 00:00:47,000
-accessing, an ATM machine. And this action involves several
-
-16
-00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:50,650
-things. There is the software that drives the logic
-
-17
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-of the ATM machine. There is the hardware on
-
-18
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-which the software runs. And there is the context
-
-19
-00:00:57,280 --> 00:00:59,850
-In which the software is used. And in this
-
-20
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-case, the context is the bank. And only by
-
-21
-00:01:02,660 --> 00:01:06,105
-considering these 3 things together can we really understand
-
-22
-00:01:06,105 --> 00:01:09,510
-the functionality that is represented here. So the bottom
-
-23
-00:01:09,510 --> 00:01:12,690
-line here is that we usually take hardware and
-
-24
-00:01:12,690 --> 00:01:15,750
-context for granted in this equation. But they actually
-
-25
-00:01:15,750 --> 00:01:18,210
-need to be explicitly considered when building a
-
-26
-00:01:18,210 --> 00:01:20,770
-system. Otherwise, we might forget this is all
-
-27
-00:01:20,770 --> 00:01:23,850
-the functionality, and ultimately of the requirements. And
-
-28
-00:01:23,850 --> 00:01:25,640
-we might end up with the wrong system.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/5 - Software Quality - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/5 - Software Quality - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 86db606..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/5 - Software Quality - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,170 --> 00:00:02,920
-So, let's see how this affects the concept of software
-
-2
-00:00:02,920 --> 00:00:05,620
-quality. Another way to express what we just said is
-
-3
-00:00:05,620 --> 00:00:08,220
-to say that the software runs on some hardware and
-
-4
-00:00:08,220 --> 00:00:11,750
-is developed for a purpose that is related to human
-
-5
-00:00:11,750 --> 00:00:14,870
-activities. And given this perspective, we can define what we
-
-6
-00:00:14,870 --> 00:00:18,440
-mean by software quality in this light. Software quality is
-
-7
-00:00:18,440 --> 00:00:22,290
-not just a function of the software. So, the software
-
-8
-00:00:22,290 --> 00:00:25,610
-itself does not define the quality of the overall system.
-
-9
-00:00:25,610 --> 00:00:28,880
-Rather, software quality is a function of both the
-
-10
-00:00:28,880 --> 00:00:32,259
-software and its purpose. Where purpose has to do with
-
-11
-00:00:32,259 --> 00:00:34,840
-the way in which the software will be used. So
-
-12
-00:00:34,840 --> 00:00:37,950
-a software system can be of low quality not only
-
-13
-00:00:37,950 --> 00:00:40,580
-because it does not work well. So, for example, not
-
-14
-00:00:40,580 --> 00:00:43,620
-only because it crashes. Of course, that's an issue. But
-
-15
-00:00:43,620 --> 00:00:47,000
-just as importantly, a software can also be of low
-
-16
-00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:50,720
-quality because it does not fulfill its purpose, and this
-
-17
-00:00:50,720 --> 00:00:53,960
-happens quite often. It is unfortunately not rare for
-
-18
-00:00:53,960 --> 00:00:57,310
-the software producers to have an inadequate understanding, or even
-
-19
-00:00:57,310 --> 00:01:00,450
-a complete misunderstanding of the purpose of the software,
-
-20
-00:01:00,450 --> 00:01:03,200
-of what the users want to do and will do
-
-21
-00:01:03,200 --> 00:01:05,770
-with it. Turning these around, we can therefore define
-
-22
-00:01:05,770 --> 00:01:09,890
-the quality of software in terms of fitness for purpose.
-
-23
-00:01:09,890 --> 00:01:12,990
-The more the software fulfills its purpose, the more
-
-24
-00:01:12,990 --> 00:01:16,040
-the software is on target, the higher is its quality.
-
-25
-00:01:16,040 --> 00:01:19,600
-And identifying the purpose of the software, so hitting
-
-26
-00:01:19,600 --> 00:01:23,550
-this target, is exactly the goal of requirements engineering.
-
-27
-00:01:23,550 --> 00:01:25,970
-And it is the reason why requirements engineering is
-
-28
-00:01:25,970 --> 00:01:29,370
-such a fundamental activity in the context of software engineering.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/6 - Identifying Purpose - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/6 - Identifying Purpose - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 0accc39..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/6 - Identifying Purpose - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,050 --> 00:00:03,480
-And identifying the purpose of a softer system means
-
-2
-00:00:03,480 --> 00:00:06,980
-defining the requirements for the system. And if you have
-
-3
-00:00:06,980 --> 00:00:09,540
-ever done anything like that, for example, we did
-
-4
-00:00:09,540 --> 00:00:12,060
-it for the first project in the previous mini course,
-
-5
-00:00:12,060 --> 00:00:14,720
-you will know that it is an extremely hard
-
-6
-00:00:14,720 --> 00:00:17,760
-task. Identifying the purpose of the software and defining its
-
-7
-00:00:17,760 --> 00:00:21,600
-requirements is very, very hard. Why is it so hard?
-
-8
-00:00:21,600 --> 00:00:25,560
-First of all, the purpose of most systems is inherently,
-
-9
-00:00:25,560 --> 00:00:27,920
-extremely complex, so this has to do with the
-
-10
-00:00:27,920 --> 00:00:31,330
-sheer complexity of the purpose of the requirements. Just think
-
-11
-00:00:31,330 --> 00:00:34,810
-of how complex is the functionality provided by most systems.
-
-12
-00:00:34,810 --> 00:00:38,790
-Second, it is hard, very hard to extract from humans
-
-13
-00:00:38,790 --> 00:00:41,780
-this purpose and make it explicit. So, paraphrasing a
-
-14
-00:00:41,780 --> 00:00:45,130
-famous quote from the late Steve Jobs, often people don't
-
-15
-00:00:45,130 --> 00:00:47,475
-know what they want until you show it to them.
-
-16
-00:00:47,475 --> 00:00:50,490
-It's hard to figure out what people really want. Third,
-
-17
-00:00:50,490 --> 00:00:54,260
-requirements often change over time. Customers change their
-
-18
-00:00:54,260 --> 00:00:57,490
-mind. Designing and building a system raises new requirements.
-
-19
-00:00:57,490 --> 00:01:00,270
-So for many reasons requirements tend not to
-
-20
-00:01:00,270 --> 00:01:02,760
-be stable, tend to evolve. And that, of course,
-
-21
-00:01:02,760 --> 00:01:05,440
-makes it harder to collect them. Finally, for
-
-22
-00:01:05,440 --> 00:01:09,600
-any realistic system, there are many stakeholders and they
-
-23
-00:01:09,600 --> 00:01:12,990
-often have conflicting goals and requirements. And it
-
-24
-00:01:12,990 --> 00:01:15,900
-can be very hard to reconcile the possibly conflicting
-
-25
-00:01:15,900 --> 00:01:19,630
-requirements that might emerge in these cases. So for all these reasons,
-
-26
-00:01:19,630 --> 00:01:21,230
-it is very, very difficult to
-
-27
-00:01:21,230 --> 00:01:23,930
-perform requirements engineering in an effective way.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/7 - Completeness and Pertinence - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/7 - Completeness and Pertinence - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index c0ce159..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/7 - Completeness and Pertinence - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,350 --> 00:00:03,610
-These issues and difficulties can result in requirements
-
-2
-00:00:03,610 --> 00:00:06,780
-that show various problems. Two particularly relevant and
-
-3
-00:00:06,780 --> 00:00:10,880
-common problems are completeness and pertinence. Or better,
-
-4
-00:00:10,880 --> 00:00:14,750
-the lack of completeness and pertinence. Completeness refers to
-
-5
-00:00:14,750 --> 00:00:17,560
-the fact that it is often extremely difficult
-
-6
-00:00:17,560 --> 00:00:20,370
-to identify all of the requirements. That is it
-
-7
-00:00:20,370 --> 00:00:22,890
-is very difficult to have a complete picture
-
-8
-00:00:22,890 --> 00:00:25,780
-of the purpose of the software. So what happens
-
-9
-00:00:25,780 --> 00:00:28,540
-is that incomplete requirements are collected and the software
-
-10
-00:00:28,540 --> 00:00:32,500
-is missing functionality that is important for the user. Pertinence
-
-11
-00:00:32,500 --> 00:00:34,720
-conversely has to do with the relevance of the
-
-12
-00:00:34,720 --> 00:00:38,770
-requirements. To avoid completeness problems developers often end up collecting
-
-13
-00:00:38,770 --> 00:00:42,640
-a lot of irrelevant when not conflicting requirements. In
-
-14
-00:00:42,640 --> 00:00:45,060
-these cases what can happen is that the software could
-
-15
-00:00:45,060 --> 00:00:47,120
-either end up being bloated that is it might
-
-16
-00:00:47,120 --> 00:00:51,290
-contain a needed functionality. The functionality represented by these extra
-
-17
-00:00:51,290 --> 00:00:54,120
-requirements or it might even be impossible to build the
-
-18
-00:00:54,120 --> 00:00:57,480
-software due to the conflicting additional requirements. And to make
-
-19
-00:00:57,480 --> 00:01:00,920
-things even worse collecting all of these requirements sometimes doesn't
-
-20
-00:01:00,920 --> 00:01:03,390
-even solve the completeness issue. So you might end up
-
-21
-00:01:03,390 --> 00:01:05,800
-with a set of requirements that is not only incomplete
-
-22
-00:01:05,800 --> 00:01:08,740
-but it also contains extra information that can be harmful
-
-23
-00:01:08,740 --> 00:01:11,450
-to the system. So again the bottom line is that
-
-24
-00:01:11,450 --> 00:01:14,310
-gathering an adequate, accurate, complete,
-
-25
-00:01:14,310 --> 00:01:16,500
-and pertinent set of requirements that
-
-26
-00:01:16,500 --> 00:01:20,100
-identify the purpose of a software system is an arduous task.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/8 - Pertinence Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/8 - Pertinence Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index a04a9a9..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/8 - Pertinence Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:03,530
-Now that we talked about completeness and pertinence, let's consider an
-
-2
-00:00:03,530 --> 00:00:06,200
-information system for a gym. I'm going to give you a
-
-3
-00:00:06,200 --> 00:00:09,580
-list of possible requirements and I want you to mark in
-
-4
-00:00:09,580 --> 00:00:13,530
-that list all the requirements that you believe are pertinent. So let
-
-5
-00:00:13,530 --> 00:00:16,030
-me read the list. Members of the gym shall be able
-
-6
-00:00:16,030 --> 00:00:18,770
-to access their training programs. The system shall be able to
-
-7
-00:00:18,770 --> 00:00:21,894
-read member cards. The system shall be able to store members'
-
-8
-00:00:21,894 --> 00:00:25,150
-commute time. Personal trainers shall be able to add clients. And the
-
-9
-00:00:25,150 --> 00:00:27,570
-list of members shall be stored as a linked list.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/9 - Pertinence Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/9 - Pertinence Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index ee4f04f..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L1 Requirements Engineering Subtitles/9 - Pertinence Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,190 --> 00:00:03,620
-So the first requirement is definitely pertinent. Members of the gym shall
-
-2
-00:00:03,620 --> 00:00:06,740
-be able to access their training programs. It's pretty normal for members of
-
-3
-00:00:06,740 --> 00:00:09,710
-the gym to have a training program. And therefore, the system should allow
-
-4
-00:00:09,710 --> 00:00:12,900
-them to access them. Similarly for the second one. The system shall be
-
-5
-00:00:12,900 --> 00:00:15,450
-able to read member cards. Normally when you get into a gym
-
-6
-00:00:15,450 --> 00:00:17,420
-if you have a member card, you'll have to either show it to
-
-7
-00:00:17,420 --> 00:00:21,010
-somebody, or nowadays swipe it, and so the system should be able to
-
-8
-00:00:21,010 --> 00:00:23,410
-recognize the customer given the card.
-
-9
-00:00:23,410 --> 00:00:25,710
-The third requirement is probably not pertinent,
-
-10
-00:00:25,710 --> 00:00:29,090
-because I cannot think of any meaningful case in which the system
-
-11
-00:00:29,090 --> 00:00:32,729
-should know what is the members' commute time. The fourth requirement, personal
-
-12
-00:00:32,729 --> 00:00:36,750
-trainers shall be able to add clients, is also probably pertinent. Assuming
-
-13
-00:00:36,750 --> 00:00:38,870
-that we have personal trainers in the gym, and they should be
-
-14
-00:00:38,870 --> 00:00:41,710
-able to get clients, to work with the clients of the gym,
-
-15
-00:00:41,710 --> 00:00:44,140
-and therefore, they should be able to add them as their clients
-
-16
-00:00:44,140 --> 00:00:47,620
-to the system. And finally, the last requirement, the list of members
-
-17
-00:00:47,620 --> 00:00:50,800
-shall be stores as a linked list. This is really something about
-
-18
-00:00:50,800 --> 00:00:54,130
-the how, more than the what. And therefore, for what we say before
-
-19
-00:00:54,130 --> 00:00:57,720
-is probably not a pertinent requirement, so we're not going to mark this one.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 3cc0326..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,460 --> 00:00:03,770
-Hi. In the last lesson we discussed
-
-2
-00:00:03,770 --> 00:00:08,370
-requirements engineering. This lesson is about object orientation
-
-3
-00:00:08,370 --> 00:00:11,958
-and other related concepts. The lesson is split
-
-4
-00:00:11,958 --> 00:00:14,720
-in two main parts. In the first part,
-
-5
-00:00:14,720 --> 00:00:16,870
-we will provide a quick introduction to
-
-6
-00:00:16,870 --> 00:00:20,890
-object orientation and object oriented analysis and design.
-
-7
-00:00:20,890 --> 00:00:22,750
-In the second part, we will cover the
-
-8
-00:00:22,750 --> 00:00:25,710
-essential of UML, which is the notation that
-
-9
-00:00:25,710 --> 00:00:29,190
-we will use in the rest of the course and also in our projects.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/10 - Modeling Classes Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/10 - Modeling Classes Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 4dd6994..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/10 - Modeling Classes Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:03,110
-Looking at the requirements, item is definitely a relevant element
-
-2
-00:00:03,110 --> 00:00:07,060
-for my system, so it is appropriate to model item as
-
-3
-00:00:07,060 --> 00:00:09,300
-a class. Sale, on the other hand, is more of
-
-4
-00:00:09,300 --> 00:00:12,610
-a characteristic of an item, an attribute of an item, rather
-
-5
-00:00:12,610 --> 00:00:14,960
-than a class in itself. So, we're not going to mark
-
-6
-00:00:14,960 --> 00:00:18,460
-this one. Shopping cart sounds, as well, as an important element
-
-7
-00:00:18,460 --> 00:00:21,550
-for my system. Time can be an important system in some
-
-8
-00:00:21,550 --> 00:00:25,420
-contexts, but in this case we're measuring time just because more
-
-9
-00:00:25,420 --> 00:00:28,430
-than one item at a time can be added to the shopping cart.
-
-10
-00:00:28,430 --> 00:00:32,770
-So, time really doesn't have any reason for being modeled as a class.
-
-11
-00:00:32,770 --> 00:00:36,550
-And finally, user also seems to also have an important role to play
-
-12
-00:00:36,550 --> 00:00:40,260
-in the system, and therefore we will model user as a class as well.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/11 - Running Example Explanation - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/11 - Running Example Explanation - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6d86101..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/11 - Running Example Explanation - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,700
-This concludes the first part of this lesson in which
-
-2
-00:00:02,700 --> 00:00:06,080
-we discussed the basic object-oriented concepts. And, we started to
-
-3
-00:00:06,080 --> 00:00:09,830
-look at how to perform object-oriented analysis. In the second
-
-4
-00:00:09,830 --> 00:00:12,630
-part of the lesson, I will introduce UML, and we will
-
-5
-00:00:12,630 --> 00:00:15,990
-perform the object-oriented analysis steps that we just saw using
-
-6
-00:00:15,990 --> 00:00:19,240
-an example. A course management system so before getting to
-
-7
-00:00:19,240 --> 00:00:22,380
-the second part, let me introduce the example. As we
-
-8
-00:00:22,380 --> 00:00:25,420
-mentioned before, the first step is to start from a textual
-
-9
-00:00:25,420 --> 00:00:27,800
-description of the system the we need to analyze and
-
-10
-00:00:27,800 --> 00:00:30,080
-that we need to build. So that's exactly what I'm going
-
-11
-00:00:30,080 --> 00:00:33,272
-to do. I'm just going to read through this description then we'll
-
-12
-00:00:33,272 --> 00:00:36,590
-reuse throughout the rest of the lesson. The registration manager sets
-
-13
-00:00:36,590 --> 00:00:40,090
-up the curriculum for a semester using a scheduling algorithm and
-
-14
-00:00:40,090 --> 00:00:43,600
-the registration manager here is the registrar. So we will refer
-
-15
-00:00:43,600 --> 00:00:47,510
-to the registration manager both as registration manager and as registrar
-
-16
-00:00:47,510 --> 00:00:50,500
-in the rest of the lesson. One course may have multiple
-
-17
-00:00:50,500 --> 00:00:52,860
-course offerings, which is pretty standard. Each
-
-18
-00:00:52,860 --> 00:00:55,490
-course offering has a number, location, and a
-
-19
-00:00:55,490 --> 00:00:59,160
-time associated with it. Students select four primary
-
-20
-00:00:59,160 --> 00:01:02,410
-courses and two alternative courses by submitting a
-
-21
-00:01:02,410 --> 00:01:05,860
-registration form. Students might use the course management
-
-22
-00:01:05,860 --> 00:01:08,460
-system to add or drop courses for a
-
-23
-00:01:08,460 --> 00:01:11,660
-period of time after registration. Professors use the
-
-24
-00:01:11,660 --> 00:01:15,250
-system to receive their course offering rosters. Finally,
-
-25
-00:01:15,250 --> 00:01:19,280
-users of the registration system are assigned passwords which are used for
-
-26
-00:01:19,280 --> 00:01:21,882
-login validation. So, as you can see, this is a kind of a
-
-27
-00:01:21,882 --> 00:01:25,440
-high-level description of a standard course management system. So, if you ever
-
-28
-00:01:25,440 --> 00:01:27,160
-used a course management system, you'll
-
-29
-00:01:27,160 --> 00:01:29,836
-recognize some of the functionality described here.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/12 - UML Structural Diagrams:  Class Diagram - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/12 - UML Structural Diagrams:  Class Diagram - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index b2c9579..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/12 - UML Structural Diagrams:  Class Diagram - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:04,410
-Let's now start talking about UML, the Unified Modeling Language.
-
-2
-00:00:04,410 --> 00:00:06,530
-And we are going to start by looking at UML
-
-3
-00:00:06,530 --> 00:00:11,390
-structural diagrams. This are the diagrams that represent static characteristics
-
-4
-00:00:11,390 --> 00:00:13,430
-of the system that we need to model. This is
-
-5
-00:00:13,430 --> 00:00:17,170
-in contrast with dynamic models which instead behaviors of the
-
-6
-00:00:17,170 --> 00:00:19,200
-system that we need to model. And we will also
-
-7
-00:00:19,200 --> 00:00:22,424
-discuss dynamic models, later on in the lesson. We're going
-
-8
-00:00:22,424 --> 00:00:25,670
-to discuss several kinds of diagrams, starting from the class
-
-9
-00:00:25,670 --> 00:00:28,228
-diagram, which is a fundamental one in UML.
-
-10
-00:00:28,228 --> 00:00:31,390
-The class diagram represents a static, structural view of
-
-11
-00:00:31,390 --> 00:00:34,190
-the system, and it describes the classes and their
-
-12
-00:00:34,190 --> 00:00:37,630
-structure, and the relationships among classes in the system.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/13 - Class Diagram: Class - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/13 - Class Diagram: Class - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index b02e6ea..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/13 - Class Diagram: Class - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,259 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:02,370
-So how do we represent a class in a class
-
-2
-00:00:02,370 --> 00:00:06,140
-diagram? Class is represented as a rectangle with three parts. The
-
-3
-00:00:06,140 --> 00:00:09,290
-first part is the class name. Classes should be named using
-
-4
-00:00:09,290 --> 00:00:12,160
-the vocabulary of the domain, so we should pick names that
-
-5
-00:00:12,160 --> 00:00:16,059
-make sense. And the normal naming standard requires that the classes
-
-6
-00:00:16,059 --> 00:00:19,720
-are singular nouns starting with a capital letter. The second part
-
-7
-00:00:19,720 --> 00:00:22,840
-of the class are the attributes of the class, where the
-
-8
-00:00:22,840 --> 00:00:25,310
-set of attribute for the class, we find the state for
-
-9
-00:00:25,310 --> 00:00:27,940
-the class. And, we can list an attribute simply by
-
-10
-00:00:27,940 --> 00:00:31,060
-name, or we can provide the additional information. For example,
-
-11
-00:00:31,060 --> 00:00:33,520
-we might define the title of the attribute, and we
-
-12
-00:00:33,520 --> 00:00:37,450
-might also define the initial. Value for the attribute. Finally, the
-
-13
-00:00:37,450 --> 00:00:40,850
-third part of the class consist of the operations of
-
-14
-00:00:40,850 --> 00:00:44,050
-the class. And normally, the operations of the class are represented
-
-15
-00:00:44,050 --> 00:00:47,090
-by name, with a list of arguments. That the operation
-
-16
-00:00:47,090 --> 00:00:50,340
-will take as input, and with a result type. So the
-
-17
-00:00:50,340 --> 00:00:53,750
-type of the result produced by the operation. Something
-
-18
-00:00:53,750 --> 00:00:55,940
-else you can notice in this representation is the
-
-19
-00:00:55,940 --> 00:00:58,450
-fact that there is a minus before these attributes
-
-20
-00:00:58,450 --> 00:01:01,810
-and a plus before this operation. This indicates what is
-
-21
-00:01:01,810 --> 00:01:04,739
-called the visibility of these class members. So the
-
-22
-00:01:04,739 --> 00:01:08,950
-minus indicates that the attributes are private to the class.
-
-23
-00:01:08,950 --> 00:01:12,600
-So only instances of this class, roughly speaking, can
-
-24
-00:01:12,600 --> 00:01:15,340
-access these attributes. And notice that this is what allows
-
-25
-00:01:15,340 --> 00:01:19,030
-to enforce the information hiding principle, because clients of
-
-26
-00:01:19,030 --> 00:01:22,000
-the class cannot see what's inside this box, what are
-
-27
-00:01:22,000 --> 00:01:25,360
-these attributes. The plus conversely indicates that this is a
-
-28
-00:01:25,360 --> 00:01:28,850
-public operation. So something that is visible outside the class.
-
-29
-00:01:28,850 --> 00:01:30,790
-And, in fact, normally, this is what we use to
-
-30
-00:01:30,790 --> 00:01:35,110
-define the interface for my class. So we encapsulate the
-
-31
-00:01:35,110 --> 00:01:37,730
-state of the class and we make it accessible to
-
-32
-00:01:37,730 --> 00:01:40,370
-the extent that we want and that is needed through
-
-33
-00:01:40,370 --> 00:01:43,850
-a set of public operations. Last thing I want to
-
-34
-00:01:43,850 --> 00:01:46,730
-note is the use of these ellipses that we can
-
-35
-00:01:46,730 --> 00:01:49,520
-utilize if we want to indicate that there are more
-
-36
-00:01:49,520 --> 00:01:52,400
-attributes for example, or more operations. But we just don't
-
-37
-00:01:52,400 --> 00:01:55,160
-want to list them now. Okay now that we know what
-
-38
-00:01:55,160 --> 00:01:58,020
-a class is, and how it is represented, let's start
-
-39
-00:01:58,020 --> 00:02:02,150
-our analysis of our course management system. By identifying the
-
-40
-00:02:02,150 --> 00:02:05,530
-relevant classes in the system, we need to bring back the
-
-41
-00:02:05,530 --> 00:02:08,270
-description of our system. And what we want to
-
-42
-00:02:08,270 --> 00:02:10,389
-do, is that we want to go through the description
-
-43
-00:02:10,389 --> 00:02:14,840
-and underline the relevant nouns in the description. And here
-
-44
-00:02:14,840 --> 00:02:17,020
-I encourage you to stop the video and to do
-
-45
-00:02:17,020 --> 00:02:20,450
-the exercise of underlying such nouns yourself before listening to
-
-46
-00:02:20,450 --> 00:02:23,910
-my explanation into how I do it. For example in
-
-47
-00:02:23,910 --> 00:02:28,030
-this case I might want to underlined the registration manager which
-
-48
-00:02:28,030 --> 00:02:30,820
-is a noun and probably a relevant one. The scheduling
-
-49
-00:02:30,820 --> 00:02:33,800
-algorithm, also seems like a relevant concept, so
-
-50
-00:02:33,800 --> 00:02:37,890
-is the course. The course offerings, again, course offerings
-
-51
-00:02:37,890 --> 00:02:40,930
-over here. Definitely, the students seem to be a
-
-52
-00:02:40,930 --> 00:02:44,750
-relevant noun and so is probably the registration form
-
-53
-00:02:44,750 --> 00:02:47,140
-and the professors. Okay, so, at this point, I
-
-54
-00:02:47,140 --> 00:02:50,630
-identified seven possible classes for my system. So, what
-
-55
-00:02:50,630 --> 00:02:53,340
-I'm going to do is simply to create classes for
-
-56
-00:02:53,340 --> 00:02:55,980
-each one of these nouns. So my initial class
-
-57
-00:02:55,980 --> 00:03:00,100
-diagram looks exactly like this, with the seven classes where
-
-58
-00:03:00,100 --> 00:03:03,140
-for each class, I picked the name that is representative of
-
-59
-00:03:03,140 --> 00:03:05,680
-the domain. So, in this case, it's pretty straightforward. The
-
-60
-00:03:05,680 --> 00:03:08,950
-registration form is called registration form, the student is called student
-
-61
-00:03:08,950 --> 00:03:10,780
-and so on and so forth. But you can already
-
-62
-00:03:10,780 --> 00:03:14,490
-see how this analysis method is starting from a description of
-
-63
-00:03:14,490 --> 00:03:17,950
-the real world and it's just identifying objects or classes
-
-64
-00:03:17,950 --> 00:03:21,240
-in the real world and transforming them into entities in my
-
-65
-00:03:21,240 --> 00:03:22,260
-analysis document.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/14 - Class Diagram: Attributes - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/14 - Class Diagram: Attributes - lang_en_vs5.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/14 - Class Diagram: Attributes - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,090 --> 00:00:02,435
-Now that we identify the classes in my system,
-
-2
-00:00:02,435 --> 00:00:04,930
-let's see how we can identify the attributes for
-
-3
-00:00:04,930 --> 00:00:08,680
-these classes. First of all let's recall what attributes
-
-4
-00:00:08,680 --> 00:00:12,355
-are. Attributes represent the structure of a class the individual
-
-5
-00:00:12,355 --> 00:00:15,530
-data items that compose the state of the class.
-
-6
-00:00:15,530 --> 00:00:18,530
-So how do we identify these attributes? Attributes may be
-
-7
-00:00:18,530 --> 00:00:21,070
-found in one of three ways. By examining class
-
-8
-00:00:21,070 --> 00:00:25,330
-definitions, by studying the requirements, and by applying domain knowledge.
-
-9
-00:00:25,330 --> 00:00:28,400
-And notice that I want to stress, that this is always
-
-10
-00:00:28,400 --> 00:00:31,800
-a very important aspect. No matter what kind of system you're
-
-11
-00:00:31,800 --> 00:00:35,670
-developing. Domain knowledge tends to be fairly important to identify things
-
-12
-00:00:35,670 --> 00:00:38,200
-Which might not be provided in the descriptions of the system
-
-13
-00:00:38,200 --> 00:00:41,070
-that tend to be incomplete. And that you can derive by
-
-14
-00:00:41,070 --> 00:00:44,390
-the fact that you are familiar with the domain. So always
-
-15
-00:00:44,390 --> 00:00:47,340
-keep in mind the domain knowledge is important for analysis, for
-
-16
-00:00:47,340 --> 00:00:50,430
-design, for requirements gathering and so on. So now let's go
-
-17
-00:00:50,430 --> 00:00:53,530
-back to our description of the system. As I said,
-
-18
-00:00:53,530 --> 00:00:55,450
-I will bring you back for each step of our
-
-19
-00:00:55,450 --> 00:00:58,200
-analysis. And in this case, we're going to focus on
-
-20
-00:00:58,200 --> 00:01:01,550
-course offering. And we can say that the course offering, according
-
-21
-00:01:01,550 --> 00:01:04,610
-to the description, has a number, a location, and a
-
-22
-00:01:04,610 --> 00:01:08,140
-time. So this is a pretty clear indication that these are
-
-23
-00:01:08,140 --> 00:01:11,650
-important aspects of the course offering. So they probably should
-
-24
-00:01:11,650 --> 00:01:15,600
-become attributes of the course offering class. So now if we
-
-25
-00:01:15,600 --> 00:01:19,400
-report here that sentence, and once more, we underline
-
-26
-00:01:19,400 --> 00:01:22,330
-the information that we underlined in the description. We can
-
-27
-00:01:22,330 --> 00:01:25,540
-clearly see how this can be mapped into the definition
-
-28
-00:01:25,540 --> 00:01:28,730
-of the class. So our class course offering after this
-
-29
-00:01:28,730 --> 00:01:32,900
-step the analysis will have 3 attributes: number, location, and
-
-30
-00:01:32,900 --> 00:01:35,270
-time. And as you can see here, I'm not specifying
-
-31
-00:01:35,270 --> 00:01:37,540
-the type or any other additional information. So in this
-
-32
-00:01:37,540 --> 00:01:40,640
-first step I'm just interested in having a first draft.
-
-33
-00:01:40,640 --> 00:01:42,170
-of the class diagram, that I can then
-
-34
-00:01:42,170 --> 00:01:44,440
-refine in the next iterations of my analysis.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/15 - Class Diagram: Operations - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/15 - Class Diagram: Operations - lang_en_vs5.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/15 - Class Diagram: Operations - lang_en_vs5.srt	
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@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:02,920
-At this point we have our classes, our attributes,
-
-2
-00:00:02,920 --> 00:00:05,740
-what we're missing is the operations for the class.
-
-3
-00:00:05,740 --> 00:00:08,340
-Let me remind you that operations represent the behavior
-
-4
-00:00:08,340 --> 00:00:10,370
-of a class, and that they may be found by
-
-5
-00:00:10,370 --> 00:00:14,310
-examining interactions among entities in the description of my
-
-6
-00:00:14,310 --> 00:00:18,480
-system. So once more, let's bring back our description, and
-
-7
-00:00:18,480 --> 00:00:22,090
-let's in this case focus on this specific item.
-
-8
-00:00:22,090 --> 00:00:25,330
-That says that the students may use the system to
-
-9
-00:00:25,330 --> 00:00:29,800
-add courses. So this is clearly indicating an action
-
-10
-00:00:29,800 --> 00:00:32,320
-that the students should be able to perform. But notice
-
-11
-00:00:32,320 --> 00:00:35,100
-that this doesn't mean that this is an operation that
-
-12
-00:00:35,100 --> 00:00:38,370
-should be provided by the student's class. It rather means
-
-13
-00:00:38,370 --> 00:00:41,860
-that there should be, somewhere in the system, the possibility
-
-14
-00:00:41,860 --> 00:00:45,080
-of performing this operation. So let's see what this means
-
-15
-00:00:45,080 --> 00:00:47,920
-for our example. This might mean, for example, if we
-
-16
-00:00:47,920 --> 00:00:50,400
-focus on the RegistrationManager, so that there should be an
-
-17
-00:00:50,400 --> 00:00:53,520
-operation in the RegistrationManager that allows me to add
-
-18
-00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:56,300
-a student to a course. And this, in turn, means
-
-19
-00:00:56,300 --> 00:01:00,270
-that both Course and CourseOffering should provide a way to
-
-20
-00:01:00,270 --> 00:01:04,140
-add a student. And therefore, I add this corresponding operation
-
-21
-00:01:04,140 --> 00:01:07,790
-to the RegistrationManager, to the Course, and to the CourseOffering.
-
-22
-00:01:07,790 --> 00:01:10,020
-So after doing that we will continue and populate in
-
-23
-00:01:10,020 --> 00:01:13,080
-a similar way, the other classes in the system. So
-
-24
-00:01:13,080 --> 00:01:16,040
-let me recap. Now we saw how to identify classes.
-
-25
-00:01:16,040 --> 00:01:18,300
-How to identify members of the classes, and
-
-26
-00:01:18,300 --> 00:01:21,910
-particular attributes, and operations. There is one thing that
-
-27
-00:01:21,910 --> 00:01:24,060
-we're missing, a very important aspect of the
-
-28
-00:01:24,060 --> 00:01:28,140
-class diagram which is the relationships between these classes.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/16 - Class Diagram: Relationships - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/16 - Class Diagram: Relationships - lang_en_vs5.srt
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@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,130 --> 00:00:02,620
-And that's exactly what we're going to look at next,
-
-2
-00:00:02,620 --> 00:00:05,630
-relationships in the class diagram, how they're represented and
-
-3
-00:00:05,630 --> 00:00:08,010
-what they mean. First of all relationships as the
-
-4
-00:00:08,010 --> 00:00:12,550
-name says, describe interactions between classes or between objects in
-
-5
-00:00:12,550 --> 00:00:15,510
-my system. And we will describe three main types
-
-6
-00:00:15,510 --> 00:00:19,060
-of relationships. The first one is called a Dependency
-
-7
-00:00:19,060 --> 00:00:22,450
-relationship. And we can express that as X uses
-
-8
-00:00:22,450 --> 00:00:25,840
-Y and we represent it with a dashed directed line.
-
-9
-00:00:25,840 --> 00:00:28,170
-So when we have such a line between two classes
-
-10
-00:00:28,170 --> 00:00:31,020
-that means that the first class uses the second one. And
-
-11
-00:00:31,020 --> 00:00:33,520
-we're going to provide an example of a dependency in a
-
-12
-00:00:33,520 --> 00:00:37,960
-minute. The second type of relationship is an association that can
-
-13
-00:00:37,960 --> 00:00:40,880
-also be an aggregation. We'll see what the distinction is.
-
-14
-00:00:40,880 --> 00:00:43,470
-But basically, what this means is that we can express that
-
-15
-00:00:43,470 --> 00:00:47,640
-as a X has a y. So x contains a
-
-16
-00:00:47,640 --> 00:00:50,950
-y. And if it is in association, we indicate it with
-
-17
-00:00:50,950 --> 00:00:53,570
-a solid undirected line. If it's an aggregation,
-
-18
-00:00:53,570 --> 00:00:55,740
-we indicate it in the same way, but with
-
-19
-00:00:55,740 --> 00:00:58,510
-a diamond at one of the ends. Finally, the
-
-20
-00:00:58,510 --> 00:01:02,740
-third type of relationship is what is called Generalization.
-
-21
-00:01:02,740 --> 00:01:05,300
-And this can be expressed as x is a
-
-22
-00:01:05,300 --> 00:01:09,620
-y. So this is the relationship that expresses inheritance.
-
-23
-00:01:09,620 --> 00:01:13,600
-Specialization between two classes. It's represented with a solid
-
-24
-00:01:13,600 --> 00:01:16,190
-directed line with a large open arrow head at
-
-25
-00:01:16,190 --> 00:01:19,030
-the end. Going from the more specialized class to
-
-26
-00:01:19,030 --> 00:01:21,770
-the less specialized class. So going from the subclass to
-
-27
-00:01:21,770 --> 00:01:24,740
-the super class. So now let's look at each relationship
-
-28
-00:01:24,740 --> 00:01:28,360
-in more detail using our example, our course management system.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/17 - Class Diagram Relationships Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/17 - Class Diagram Relationships Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
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@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:02,840
-Before doing that, though, now that we discuss the different kinds
-
-2
-00:00:02,840 --> 00:00:05,510
-of relationships among classes in the class diagram. I would like
-
-3
-00:00:05,510 --> 00:00:08,230
-to ask you to look at a list of relationships that
-
-4
-00:00:08,230 --> 00:00:11,920
-I'm providing here and mark the relationships that you think actually
-
-5
-00:00:11,920 --> 00:00:15,120
-hold for the classes in the system that we are modeling.
-
-6
-00:00:15,120 --> 00:00:18,260
-So here I have a list of possible relationships for each
-
-7
-00:00:18,260 --> 00:00:22,070
-relationship. I'm first defining what the relationship is and then what
-
-8
-00:00:22,070 --> 00:00:25,270
-kind of relationship that is, for example, for the first one I'm
-
-9
-00:00:25,270 --> 00:00:27,500
-saying that the registration manager uses
-
-10
-00:00:27,500 --> 00:00:30,090
-the scheduling algorithm, which is a dependency
-
-11
-00:00:30,090 --> 00:00:33,860
-relationship. And similarly for the other ones. So like for you to go back
-
-12
-00:00:33,860 --> 00:00:37,070
-to the example, look at the classes that we defined, think about the
-
-13
-00:00:37,070 --> 00:00:40,360
-requirements, and identify which ones of this
-
-14
-00:00:40,360 --> 00:00:42,610
-relationships you think hold in the system.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/18 - Class Diagram Relationships Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/18 - Class Diagram Relationships Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/18 - Class Diagram Relationships Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt	
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@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,130 --> 00:00:02,130
-So, I'm going to start by marking the
-
-2
-00:00:02,130 --> 00:00:04,920
-relationships that actually hold in the system.
-
-3
-00:00:04,920 --> 00:00:08,860
-Which are these ones. And then what I'm going to do, I'm going to explain this
-
-4
-00:00:08,860 --> 00:00:12,480
-answers. Not here but in the next part of this lesson. By looking at the
-
-5
-00:00:12,480 --> 00:00:14,860
-different relationships in the context of our
-
-6
-00:00:14,860 --> 00:00:17,240
-example. Which will make the explanation much clearer.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/19 - Class Diagram: Dependency Relationship - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/19 - Class Diagram: Dependency Relationship - lang_en_vs4.srt
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@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:03,040
-So let's start with the dependency example. A dependency,
-
-2
-00:00:03,040 --> 00:00:06,720
-as we said, expresses the relationship between a supplier
-
-3
-00:00:06,720 --> 00:00:09,290
-and a client that relies on it. There is
-
-4
-00:00:09,290 --> 00:00:12,490
-a dependency because changes in the supplier can affect the
-
-5
-00:00:12,490 --> 00:00:14,770
-client. Here in this example I am showing that
-
-6
-00:00:14,770 --> 00:00:18,510
-a dependency example involving the registration manager and the
-
-7
-00:00:18,510 --> 00:00:21,590
-scheduling algorithm. As you can see the, the dependency
-
-8
-00:00:21,590 --> 00:00:25,710
-is indicated with a dashed line pointing from the client
-
-9
-00:00:25,710 --> 00:00:28,520
-to the supplier. And here it's pretty clear why
-
-10
-00:00:28,520 --> 00:00:31,820
-the RegistrationManager is dependent on the Scheduling Algorithm. It's
-
-11
-00:00:31,820 --> 00:00:35,710
-because the RegistrationManager uses this Scheduling Algorithm. And therefore,
-
-12
-00:00:35,710 --> 00:00:39,130
-if the Scheduling Algorithm changes, the RegistrationManager might be
-
-13
-00:00:39,130 --> 00:00:42,210
-affected by that change. Another less obvious example is
-
-14
-00:00:42,210 --> 00:00:45,600
-the dependency between the Registration Manager and the Student.
-
-15
-00:00:45,600 --> 00:00:48,040
-In this case, because the Registration Manager gets a
-
-16
-00:00:48,040 --> 00:00:51,620
-Student object as a parameter here there is a dependency
-
-17
-00:00:51,620 --> 00:00:55,740
-between the two. Again, if the Student class were to change the Registration
-
-18
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-Manager might be affected because it's relying on the Student for it's behavior.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/2 - Object Orientation Introduction - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/2 - Object Orientation Introduction - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 44fdd74..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/2 - Object Orientation Introduction - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,187 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,390 --> 00:00:03,750
-Let's start with a quick introduction to object orientation and
-
-2
-00:00:03,750 --> 00:00:07,920
-the fundamental concepts behind it. And let's start by discussing what
-
-3
-00:00:07,920 --> 00:00:11,100
-exactly is object orientation? If you're younger than me, it
-
-4
-00:00:11,100 --> 00:00:13,700
-could be that the first programming language you learned was already
-
-5
-00:00:13,700 --> 00:00:17,030
-an object-oriented language. But things were not always like this.
-
-6
-00:00:17,030 --> 00:00:20,660
-Before object orientation became prevalent, people were not used to thinking
-
-7
-00:00:20,660 --> 00:00:23,447
-in terms of objects. So what happened afterwards? And what does
-
-8
-00:00:23,447 --> 00:00:25,727
-it mean to think in terms of objects and to follow
-
-9
-00:00:25,727 --> 00:00:28,583
-an object-oriented approach? First of all, it
-
-10
-00:00:28,583 --> 00:00:32,203
-means to give precedence of data over function.
-
-11
-00:00:32,203 --> 00:00:35,377
-Did items rather than functionality become the center
-
-12
-00:00:35,377 --> 00:00:39,020
-of development activities. This also allows for enforcing
-
-13
-00:00:39,020 --> 00:00:42,200
-the very important concept of information hiding,
-
-14
-00:00:42,200 --> 00:00:45,460
-which is the encapsulation and segregation of data
-
-15
-00:00:45,460 --> 00:00:49,710
-behind well-defined and ideally stable interfaces. In order
-
-16
-00:00:49,710 --> 00:00:51,490
-to be able to hide the design and
-
-17
-00:00:51,490 --> 00:00:54,130
-also implementation decisions. And note that the terms
-
-18
-00:00:54,130 --> 00:00:58,580
-encapsulation and information hiding are often used interchangeably, although
-
-19
-00:00:58,580 --> 00:01:01,270
-some people prefer to think of information hiding
-
-20
-00:01:01,270 --> 00:01:04,709
-as being the principle and encapsulation being the technique
-
-21
-00:01:04,709 --> 00:01:07,990
-to achieve information hiding. The key concept though,
-
-22
-00:01:07,990 --> 00:01:10,110
-no matter which term you use, is really to
-
-23
-00:01:10,110 --> 00:01:13,460
-gather, to seclude this data behind sort of
-
-24
-00:01:13,460 --> 00:01:16,610
-a wall and give access to the data only
-
-25
-00:01:16,610 --> 00:01:20,270
-through interfaces that you, the developer define. And why is
-
-26
-00:01:20,270 --> 00:01:22,800
-that important? Oh, for many reasons, and one of the main
-
-27
-00:01:22,800 --> 00:01:26,690
-ones is that it makes code more maintainable. Because the
-
-28
-00:01:26,690 --> 00:01:28,860
-rest of the code, the rest of the system doesn't have
-
-29
-00:01:28,860 --> 00:01:32,370
-to be concerned on how the implementation details or the
-
-30
-00:01:32,370 --> 00:01:37,220
-design are defined. And therefore, any change that happens behind this
-
-31
-00:01:37,220 --> 00:01:39,580
-wall doesn't concern the rest of the system. And, doesn't
-
-32
-00:01:39,580 --> 00:01:41,820
-affect the rest of the system, as long as you keep
-
-33
-00:01:41,820 --> 00:01:45,730
-your interfaces consistent. Another advantage of focusing on
-
-34
-00:01:45,730 --> 00:01:49,230
-objects and encapsulating the information into cohesive entities is
-
-35
-00:01:49,230 --> 00:01:52,130
-that it allows the reuse of object definitions
-
-36
-00:01:52,130 --> 00:01:55,000
-by incremental refinement. Which is what we normally call
-
-37
-00:01:55,000 --> 00:01:58,830
-inheritance. And inheritance is definitely a fundamental concept
-
-38
-00:01:58,830 --> 00:02:01,560
-in object orientation. For example, we can define a
-
-39
-00:02:01,560 --> 00:02:04,030
-car as a refinement of the vehicle. That there's
-
-40
-00:02:04,030 --> 00:02:06,850
-some additional characteristics with respect to a generic vehicle.
-
-41
-00:02:06,850 --> 00:02:11,220
-And then we can use the car wherever a vehicle can be used, which is what we
-
-42
-00:02:11,220 --> 00:02:14,200
-call polymorphism. And we'll continue this discussion for a
-
-43
-00:02:14,200 --> 00:02:16,440
-very long time. Because there's so many things that
-
-44
-00:02:16,440 --> 00:02:18,860
-could be discussed when we talk about object orientation,
-
-45
-00:02:18,860 --> 00:02:21,890
-its characteristics and its advantages. But in the interest
-
-46
-00:02:21,890 --> 00:02:24,000
-of time, let's for now just stop here. And
-
-47
-00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:27,020
-start talking about two key concepts in object orientation.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/20 - Class Diagram: Association & Aggregation Relationships - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/20 - Class Diagram: Association & Aggregation Relationships - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 8770928..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/20 - Class Diagram: Association & Aggregation Relationships - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,219 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:02,469
-The next example of relationship we're going to look at is
-
-2
-00:00:02,469 --> 00:00:06,740
-the association relationship. This is a relationship in which objects of
-
-3
-00:00:06,740 --> 00:00:09,570
-one class are connected to objects of another. And it's
-
-4
-00:00:09,570 --> 00:00:12,480
-called an has a relationship. So it means that objects of
-
-5
-00:00:12,480 --> 00:00:15,930
-one class have objects of another class. So let's see
-
-6
-00:00:15,930 --> 00:00:18,750
-what that means. Let's do it by considering two classes in
-
-7
-00:00:18,750 --> 00:00:22,370
-our example system. The student class and the course offering class.
-
-8
-00:00:22,370 --> 00:00:25,300
-In this case, there is an association between the student and
-
-9
-00:00:25,300 --> 00:00:28,010
-the course offering, because the student is registering for the
-
-10
-00:00:28,010 --> 00:00:31,750
-course offering. So, in a sense, the course offering has students.
-
-11
-00:00:31,750 --> 00:00:35,360
-Contains students, to indicate this fact we add a solid
-
-12
-00:00:35,360 --> 00:00:38,750
-line between the student class and the course offering. And the
-
-13
-00:00:38,750 --> 00:00:40,540
-fact that having a solid line doesn't really tell us
-
-14
-00:00:40,540 --> 00:00:44,780
-much about the nature of the relationship, so to clarify such
-
-15
-00:00:44,780 --> 00:00:47,550
-nature we can use what we call adornments that we
-
-16
-00:00:47,550 --> 00:00:51,010
-can apply to associations we can add to associations to clarify
-
-17
-00:00:51,010 --> 00:00:53,850
-their meaning. In particular we can add a label to
-
-18
-00:00:53,850 --> 00:00:57,550
-an association and the label describes the nature of the relationship.
-
-19
-00:00:57,550 --> 00:01:00,440
-In this case, for example, it clarifies that the student
-
-20
-00:01:00,440 --> 00:01:03,970
-registers for CourseOffering. We can also add a triangle to
-
-21
-00:01:03,970 --> 00:01:07,050
-further clarify the direction of the relationship. So in this
-
-22
-00:01:07,050 --> 00:01:10,240
-case, the triangle will indicate that it's the student That registers
-
-23
-00:01:10,240 --> 00:01:13,120
-for the course offering, and not the other way around. Another
-
-24
-00:01:13,120 --> 00:01:16,650
-important adornment or limitation that we can put on an association,
-
-25
-00:01:16,650 --> 00:01:20,800
-is multiplicity. Multiplicity defines the number of instances of one
-
-26
-00:01:20,800 --> 00:01:23,540
-class that are related to one instance of the other
-
-27
-00:01:23,540 --> 00:01:26,900
-class. We can define multiplicity at either end of the
-
-28
-00:01:26,900 --> 00:01:29,620
-relationship. In this case, for instance, we can say that
-
-29
-00:01:29,620 --> 00:01:31,890
-if we look at the student, the student can register
-
-30
-00:01:31,890 --> 00:01:35,410
-for two or more course offerings. Whereas, if we look
-
-31
-00:01:35,410 --> 00:01:37,560
-at the course offering, we can say that each course
-
-32
-00:01:37,560 --> 00:01:42,260
-offering can have or can enroll between 1 and 50 students.
-
-33
-00:01:42,260 --> 00:01:45,120
-So as you can see by adding a label, a direction,
-
-34
-00:01:45,120 --> 00:01:49,590
-and multiplicity, we make it much clearer what the relationship is
-
-35
-00:01:49,590 --> 00:01:52,170
-and what it means and what are its characteristics. As we
-
-36
-00:01:52,170 --> 00:01:55,130
-saw when we introduced relationships, there is a different kind of
-
-37
-00:01:55,130 --> 00:01:58,860
-association, kind of a specialized one, which we call aggregation. So
-
-38
-00:01:58,860 --> 00:02:01,130
-here we're going to look at an example of an aggregation. So
-
-39
-00:02:01,130 --> 00:02:03,490
-first of all what is an aggregation? An aggregation is a
-
-40
-00:02:03,490 --> 00:02:07,580
-relationship between 2 classes in which 1 represents a larger class
-
-41
-00:02:07,580 --> 00:02:10,610
-like a whole which consists of smaller classes which are
-
-42
-00:02:10,610 --> 00:02:13,430
-the parts of this whole. So lets look at an example
-
-43
-00:02:13,430 --> 00:02:16,960
-in the context of our system. Let's consider a Course
-
-44
-00:02:16,960 --> 00:02:19,160
-and the CourseOffering. And in this case, we can see
-
-45
-00:02:19,160 --> 00:02:23,000
-that the Course consists of multiple CourseOfferings. So in
-
-46
-00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:26,520
-a sense, a course is a whole and the course offerings
-
-47
-00:02:26,520 --> 00:02:29,430
-are the parts of this whole. So this a perfect case
-
-48
-00:02:29,430 --> 00:02:32,620
-in which we will use an aggregation to express this relationship.
-
-49
-00:02:32,620 --> 00:02:37,630
-So we will add a solid line with a diamond on the side of the whole class
-
-50
-00:02:37,630 --> 00:02:42,380
-to indicate that the course consists of multiple course offerings.
-
-51
-00:02:42,380 --> 00:02:44,670
-And as we did for associations even though we
-
-52
-00:02:44,670 --> 00:02:46,010
-are not going to do it for this specific
-
-53
-00:02:46,010 --> 00:02:49,540
-example, we could also in this case add multiplicity
-
-54
-00:02:49,540 --> 00:02:52,830
-information on the aggregation to indicate how many classes
-
-55
-00:02:52,830 --> 00:02:55,310
-of the two types are involved in the relationships.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/21 - Class Diagram: Generalization Relationship - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/21 - Class Diagram: Generalization Relationship - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 513413b..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/21 - Class Diagram: Generalization Relationship - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,420
-The third type of relationship that we saw, is
-
-2
-00:00:02,420 --> 00:00:07,060
-Generalization. Generalization is a relationship, between a general class,
-
-3
-00:00:07,060 --> 00:00:10,150
-which we normally call super-class and the more specific
-
-4
-00:00:10,150 --> 00:00:13,510
-class, a class the refines the super-class and that
-
-5
-00:00:13,510 --> 00:00:16,950
-we normally call sub-class. It's also known as a
-
-6
-00:00:16,950 --> 00:00:19,690
-kind of or is a relationship because we can
-
-7
-00:00:19,690 --> 00:00:22,850
-say that the subclass is a super class and
-
-8
-00:00:22,850 --> 00:00:25,450
-it's expressed with a solid line with a big arrow
-
-9
-00:00:25,450 --> 00:00:27,580
-head at the end. So let's see an example of
-
-10
-00:00:27,580 --> 00:00:30,160
-that. In this case I'm going to indicate. Two of this kind
-
-11
-00:00:30,160 --> 00:00:33,950
-of relationships. The first one involving the RegistrationUser and
-
-12
-00:00:33,950 --> 00:00:37,000
-a student. And the second one, a RegistrationUser and the
-
-13
-00:00:37,000 --> 00:00:39,960
-professor. So, basically what we're showing here is a
-
-14
-00:00:39,960 --> 00:00:43,170
-typical case in which the registration user is a more general
-
-15
-00:00:43,170 --> 00:00:46,630
-concept then the Student and the Professor. So both the student
-
-16
-00:00:46,630 --> 00:00:50,710
-and the professor are RegistrationUsers. So there is a relationship,
-
-17
-00:00:50,710 --> 00:00:54,360
-the Professor is a registration user and the Student is a RegistrationUser.
-
-18
-00:00:54,360 --> 00:00:56,780
-And therefore we can indicate that using
-
-19
-00:00:56,780 --> 00:01:00,040
-the generalization relationship in our class diagram.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/22 - Class Diagram: Creation Tips - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/22 - Class Diagram: Creation Tips - lang_en_vs5.srt
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index 8aa0204..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/22 - Class Diagram: Creation Tips - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,320
-The last thing that I want to mention about class diagrams is
-
-2
-00:00:02,320 --> 00:00:05,830
-some creation tips. So something I know based on my experience and the
-
-3
-00:00:05,830 --> 00:00:09,300
-experience of others, I can recommend to do when creating a class
-
-4
-00:00:09,300 --> 00:00:12,780
-diagram. So the first tip is to understand the problem. So take the
-
-5
-00:00:12,780 --> 00:00:15,070
-time to look at the description of the system that you have
-
-6
-00:00:15,070 --> 00:00:18,500
-to build, to make sure that you understand the domain. That you understand
-
-7
-00:00:18,500 --> 00:00:21,230
-what you are supposed to build. Because that is going to save you
-
-8
-00:00:21,230 --> 00:00:25,550
-time later. It's going to help you identify from the beginning, a more relevant
-
-9
-00:00:25,550 --> 00:00:28,370
-set of entities in the description of the system. This
-
-10
-00:00:28,370 --> 00:00:30,730
-one might seem trivial but is very important to choose
-
-11
-00:00:30,730 --> 00:00:34,910
-good class names. Why? Because class names communicate the intent
-
-12
-00:00:34,910 --> 00:00:37,770
-of the class, and clarify what the class refers to. So
-
-13
-00:00:37,770 --> 00:00:40,510
-having a good class name allows you, makes it easier, to
-
-14
-00:00:40,510 --> 00:00:44,390
-create the mapping between the real-world object and the entities in
-
-15
-00:00:44,390 --> 00:00:46,610
-your model. And of course, it also makes it easier
-
-16
-00:00:46,610 --> 00:00:50,100
-to understand the system, after the system is built. Third tip,
-
-17
-00:00:50,100 --> 00:00:53,480
-concentrate on the what. So here, in the class diagram,
-
-18
-00:00:53,480 --> 00:00:57,390
-we're just representing the structure of the system. We're representing
-
-19
-00:00:57,390 --> 00:01:00,150
-what is in the system. What are the entities? What
-
-20
-00:01:00,150 --> 00:01:03,140
-are the characteristics of the entities? We are not focusing
-
-21
-00:01:03,140 --> 00:01:06,850
-at all, on how things are done. So, be careful.
-
-22
-00:01:06,850 --> 00:01:09,430
-Don’t think about the how, just think about the what.
-
-23
-00:01:09,430 --> 00:01:12,150
-Proceed in an itinerary way. So, start with a simple
-
-24
-00:01:12,150 --> 00:01:14,910
-diagram and refine it. There is no need to identify,
-
-25
-00:01:14,910 --> 00:01:17,650
-right away, all of the details of the system you need to
-
-26
-00:01:17,650 --> 00:01:21,570
-build. It is much easier to look at the description, identify an initial
-
-27
-00:01:21,570 --> 00:01:24,670
-rough class diagram and then refine it, because in this way, you'll
-
-28
-00:01:24,670 --> 00:01:27,650
-also gather more understanding of the system as you build it, and you'll
-
-29
-00:01:27,650 --> 00:01:30,670
-most likely end up with a better product at the end. And
-
-30
-00:01:30,670 --> 00:01:33,360
-if you proceed in this way, then make sure to refine until you
-
-31
-00:01:33,360 --> 00:01:36,920
-feel the class diagram is complete, until you feel that you represent
-
-32
-00:01:36,920 --> 00:01:39,960
-the system that you're supposed to build. So your final goal should be
-
-33
-00:01:39,960 --> 00:01:41,820
-to have a class diagram that is complete.
-
-34
-00:01:41,820 --> 00:01:43,870
-So it represents all of the relevant entities
-
-35
-00:01:43,870 --> 00:01:45,870
-in the system and their characteristics, and it's
-
-36
-00:01:45,870 --> 00:01:48,170
-correct so it represents them in the right way
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/23 - UML Structural Diagrams: Component Diagram - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/23 - UML Structural Diagrams: Component Diagram - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 8ce2080..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/23 - UML Structural Diagrams: Component Diagram - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,235 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,160
-There's two more structural diagrams that I want to
-
-2
-00:00:02,160 --> 00:00:04,670
-mention before we move to the behavioral ones. The
-
-3
-00:00:04,670 --> 00:00:07,420
-first one's the component diagram. A component diagram is
-
-4
-00:00:07,420 --> 00:00:09,690
-a static view of components in a system and of
-
-5
-00:00:09,690 --> 00:00:13,010
-their relationships. More precisely, a node in a component
-
-6
-00:00:13,010 --> 00:00:16,700
-diagram represents a component where a component consists of one
-
-7
-00:00:16,700 --> 00:00:21,090
-or more classes with a well-defined interface. Edges conversely
-
-8
-00:00:21,090 --> 00:00:25,290
-indicate relationships between the components. You can read this relationship
-
-9
-00:00:25,290 --> 00:00:29,600
-as component A uses services of component B. And notice that the
-
-10
-00:00:29,600 --> 00:00:32,990
-component diagrams can be used to represent an architecture, which is
-
-11
-00:00:32,990 --> 00:00:36,110
-a topic that we will cover extensively in the next mini-course.
-
-12
-00:00:36,110 --> 00:00:39,540
-So let's illustrate this with an example. So, what I'm representing
-
-13
-00:00:39,540 --> 00:00:43,160
-here is a component diagram for our example system, the course
-
-14
-00:00:43,160 --> 00:00:46,220
-management system. And as you can see, it's slightly more complex
-
-15
-00:00:46,220 --> 00:00:48,390
-than the other diagrams that we saw. But there's really no
-
-16
-00:00:48,390 --> 00:00:50,700
-need to go through all the steps and all the details.
-
-17
-00:00:50,700 --> 00:00:53,470
-Important thing is to point out some key aspects of
-
-18
-00:00:53,470 --> 00:00:56,370
-this diagram. So the first one is that these rectangular
-
-19
-00:00:56,370 --> 00:00:58,560
-nodes are the nodes in the system, so are my
-
-20
-00:00:58,560 --> 00:01:02,960
-components. For example, student is a component, schedule is a component,
-
-21
-00:01:02,960 --> 00:01:05,069
-and so on. And as far as edges are concerned,
-
-22
-00:01:05,069 --> 00:01:08,580
-I'm representing two kinds of edges. The first kind of dashed
-
-23
-00:01:08,580 --> 00:01:12,060
-edges which were part of the original uml definition and
-
-24
-00:01:12,060 --> 00:01:16,120
-indicate use. So an edge, for example, between this compnent and
-
-25
-00:01:16,120 --> 00:01:19,570
-this compnent indicated that the seminar management uses the
-
-26
-00:01:19,570 --> 00:01:23,890
-facilities component. More recently, in UML two, a richer representation
-
-27
-00:01:23,890 --> 00:01:26,240
-was introduced, which is the one that I'm also showing
-
-28
-00:01:26,240 --> 00:01:27,860
-here. So if we look at this part of the
-
-29
-00:01:27,860 --> 00:01:29,540
-diagram, you can see this sort of you now,
-
-30
-00:01:29,540 --> 00:01:34,080
-lollipop socket representation. And in this case, what this represents,
-
-31
-00:01:34,080 --> 00:01:37,920
-is that a lollipop indicates a provided interface. So an
-
-32
-00:01:37,920 --> 00:01:41,500
-interface that is provided by the component. So, for example,
-
-33
-00:01:41,500 --> 00:01:45,940
-this security component provides encryption capabilities. The socket,
-
-34
-00:01:45,940 --> 00:01:49,190
-conversely, indicates a required interface. So, for example, in
-
-35
-00:01:49,190 --> 00:01:52,270
-this case, it's saying that the facilities component
-
-36
-00:01:52,270 --> 00:01:55,920
-is needing access control capabilities, which, by the way,
-
-37
-00:01:55,920 --> 00:01:58,660
-is provided by the security component. So in
-
-38
-00:01:58,660 --> 00:02:02,240
-a sense these sockets and lollipop indicate interfaces between
-
-39
-00:02:02,240 --> 00:02:04,770
-a provider of some of functionality, and the client
-
-40
-00:02:04,770 --> 00:02:06,630
-of that functionality and you can look at those
-
-41
-00:02:06,630 --> 00:02:09,740
-as basically APIs. So sets of methods that
-
-42
-00:02:09,740 --> 00:02:12,160
-provide a given functionality. To give you another
-
-43
-00:02:12,160 --> 00:02:14,760
-example, if we look at the persistence components
-
-44
-00:02:14,760 --> 00:02:19,110
-the persistence component provides, unsurprisingly, persistent services. And
-
-45
-00:02:19,110 --> 00:02:21,650
-those persistent services are required by several other
-
-46
-00:02:21,650 --> 00:02:24,520
-components in the system. And in turn, the persistent
-
-47
-00:02:24,520 --> 00:02:28,320
-components relies on the University database component to
-
-48
-00:02:28,320 --> 00:02:31,740
-provide such services. So, there's the University DB components
-
-49
-00:02:31,740 --> 00:02:34,700
-provide these sort of low-level database services that are used
-
-50
-00:02:34,700 --> 00:02:38,150
-by the persistence component To in turn provided services. Last thing
-
-51
-00:02:38,150 --> 00:02:41,080
-I want to note is that components or relationships can be
-
-52
-00:02:41,080 --> 00:02:44,450
-annotated, so, for example if we look at the seminar management
-
-53
-00:02:44,450 --> 00:02:47,090
-and the student administration components you can see that they
-
-54
-00:02:47,090 --> 00:02:51,360
-are annotated here to indicate that they are user inferfaces. So
-
-55
-00:02:51,360 --> 00:02:53,600
-that's all I wanted to say on the component diagrams, but
-
-56
-00:02:53,600 --> 00:02:56,750
-again the key piece of information is that they represent components
-
-57
-00:02:56,750 --> 00:03:00,250
-in the system where a component consists of one or more classes indicate the
-
-58
-00:03:00,250 --> 00:03:03,540
-interfaces that these components provide or require.
-
-59
-00:03:03,540 --> 00:03:06,210
-and describe the interactions between these components.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/24 - UML Structural Diagrams: Deployment - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/24 - UML Structural Diagrams: Deployment - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 07c9a3e..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/24 - UML Structural Diagrams: Deployment - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,980
-The last UML structural diagram I want to discuss
-
-2
-00:00:02,980 --> 00:00:06,750
-is the deployment diagram. The deployment diagram provides a static
-
-3
-00:00:06,750 --> 00:00:10,220
-deployment view of a system, and unlike previous diagram,
-
-4
-00:00:10,220 --> 00:00:13,980
-it is about the physical allocation of components to computational
-
-5
-00:00:13,980 --> 00:00:16,950
-units. Think, for example, of a client-server system in
-
-6
-00:00:16,950 --> 00:00:19,130
-which you'll have to define which components will go on
-
-7
-00:00:19,130 --> 00:00:20,880
-the server and which component will go on the
-
-8
-00:00:20,880 --> 00:00:25,200
-client. For deployment diagram, the nodes correspond to computation unit;
-
-9
-00:00:25,200 --> 00:00:29,090
-for example, a specific device. And the edges indicate communication
-
-10
-00:00:29,090 --> 00:00:32,880
-between these units. Also in this case, I'm going to illustrate deployment
-
-11
-00:00:32,880 --> 00:00:36,720
-diagrams using an example for our course management system. And
-
-12
-00:00:36,720 --> 00:00:39,820
-also in this case, I'm going to use a slightly more complex
-
-13
-00:00:39,820 --> 00:00:41,910
-diagram than usual. But I don't want you to look
-
-14
-00:00:41,910 --> 00:00:45,170
-at all the individual details. Instead, I would like to focus
-
-15
-00:00:45,170 --> 00:00:47,530
-on a few main aspects. So, if you look at
-
-16
-00:00:47,530 --> 00:00:50,700
-this diagram, there are three things that you should clearly see.
-
-17
-00:00:50,700 --> 00:00:53,555
-First, you should see how the system involves four
-
-18
-00:00:53,555 --> 00:00:56,590
-nodes, a web server, an application server, a DB
-
-19
-00:00:56,590 --> 00:00:59,740
-server, and a mainframe. Second, you should see which
-
-20
-00:00:59,740 --> 00:01:03,500
-components are deployed on which nodes. For example, the student
-
-21
-00:01:03,500 --> 00:01:07,400
-component is deployed on the application server. And finally,
-
-22
-00:01:07,400 --> 00:01:09,570
-you should see how the nodes communicate with one
-
-23
-00:01:09,570 --> 00:01:11,880
-another. For example, you can see that the application
-
-24
-00:01:11,880 --> 00:01:17,030
-server and the university database communicate using a JDBC protocol.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/25 - UML Behavioral Diagrams: Use Case - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/25 - UML Behavioral Diagrams: Use Case - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index bdfe33a..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/25 - UML Behavioral Diagrams: Use Case - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:04,700
-We now discuss UML's behavioral diagrams. Those diagrams that
-
-2
-00:00:04,700 --> 00:00:07,490
-have to do with the behavior, the dynamic aspects
-
-3
-00:00:07,490 --> 00:00:09,940
-of the system, rather than the static ones. The
-
-4
-00:00:09,940 --> 00:00:12,670
-first behavioral diagram I want to discuss is a very
-
-5
-00:00:12,670 --> 00:00:15,590
-fundamental one, the Use Case Diagram. So, let's start
-
-6
-00:00:15,590 --> 00:00:18,370
-by seeing what a Use Case is. A Use Case
-
-7
-00:00:18,370 --> 00:00:21,800
-represents two main things. First the sequence of interactions
-
-8
-00:00:21,800 --> 00:00:25,250
-of outside entities which is what we normally call actors
-
-9
-00:00:25,250 --> 00:00:27,990
-with the system that we're modelling and the second thing
-
-10
-00:00:27,990 --> 00:00:32,290
-is the system actions that yield an observable result of values
-
-11
-00:00:32,290 --> 00:00:35,380
-to the actors. And basically these two things, and nothing else
-
-12
-00:00:35,380 --> 00:00:38,010
-that the outside view of the system. So the view of
-
-13
-00:00:38,010 --> 00:00:41,060
-the system in which we look at the interaction between
-
-14
-00:00:41,060 --> 00:00:44,170
-this system, and the outside world. If you want to parallel, think
-
-15
-00:00:44,170 --> 00:00:48,070
-about designing a house. Considering how you would use the house.
-
-16
-00:00:48,070 --> 00:00:50,550
-And you might have seen use cases called with different names.
-
-17
-00:00:50,550 --> 00:00:54,820
-So for example, they're also called scenarios, scripts or user stories,
-
-18
-00:00:54,820 --> 00:00:58,220
-but in the context of UML, we'll call the use cases.
-
-19
-00:00:58,220 --> 00:01:00,650
-Now let's look at the basic notation for a use case,
-
-20
-00:01:00,650 --> 00:01:03,910
-which is fairly simple. We have a use case which is represented
-
-21
-00:01:03,910 --> 00:01:05,760
-by an oval, with a name, which is the name of
-
-22
-00:01:05,760 --> 00:01:08,520
-the use case. We have an actor, which is represented by
-
-23
-00:01:08,520 --> 00:01:12,330
-this icon and is normally identified by a role name. And
-
-24
-00:01:12,330 --> 00:01:15,820
-finally we have an edge which is a solid line that connects
-
-25
-00:01:15,820 --> 00:01:18,970
-actors and use cases and indicates that an actor
-
-26
-00:01:18,970 --> 00:01:21,270
-is the actor of a given use case. And just
-
-27
-00:01:21,270 --> 00:01:24,360
-for completeness let me note there are some additional notational
-
-28
-00:01:24,360 --> 00:01:27,750
-elements but now for simplicity we'll just use these ones.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/26 - Use Case Diagram: Actors - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/26 - Use Case Diagram: Actors - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d80c61..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/26 - Use Case Diagram: Actors - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:02,320
-Now, let's look at use cases in a little more detail.
-
-2
-00:00:02,320 --> 00:00:05,480
-And start by defining exactly what an actor is. An actor
-
-3
-00:00:05,480 --> 00:00:08,710
-represents an entity, which can be a human or a device,
-
-4
-00:00:08,710 --> 00:00:12,750
-that plays a role within my system, so that interacts with my
-
-5
-00:00:12,750 --> 00:00:15,660
-system. It's some entity from the outside world, with respect to
-
-6
-00:00:15,660 --> 00:00:18,510
-my system, that interacts with my system. It is important to
-
-7
-00:00:18,510 --> 00:00:21,750
-clarify that an entity can play more than one role. For
-
-8
-00:00:21,750 --> 00:00:25,240
-example, you might have somebody working in a bank that can be
-
-9
-00:00:25,240 --> 00:00:28,400
-both an employee of the bank, or a customer of
-
-10
-00:00:28,400 --> 00:00:31,280
-the bank, depending on how it interacts with the banking
-
-11
-00:00:31,280 --> 00:00:34,360
-system. And, obviously, more than one entity can play the
-
-12
-00:00:34,360 --> 00:00:37,570
-same role. Using the same example, we can have both an
-
-13
-00:00:37,570 --> 00:00:40,350
-employee of the bank and just a regular customer, playing
-
-14
-00:00:40,350 --> 00:00:43,280
-the role of the customer. So again, it all depends on
-
-15
-00:00:43,280 --> 00:00:46,120
-what the entity does, how the entity interacts with the
-
-16
-00:00:46,120 --> 00:00:50,150
-system, what kind of functionality of the system the entity uses.
-
-17
-00:00:50,150 --> 00:00:53,270
-And finally, actors may appear in more than one use case.
-
-18
-00:00:53,270 --> 00:00:55,930
-So it's fairly normal for the same actor to interact with
-
-19
-00:00:55,930 --> 00:00:58,540
-the system in different ways. And therefore, to appear in more
-
-20
-00:00:58,540 --> 00:01:00,710
-than one use case. Just think about the use cases in
-
-21
-00:01:00,710 --> 00:01:04,230
-scenarios of usage. If the same actor can interact with the
-
-22
-00:01:04,230 --> 00:01:07,440
-system in different ways, that actor will appear in multiple use
-
-23
-00:01:07,440 --> 00:01:11,210
-cases. Now let's go back to the description of our course
-
-24
-00:01:11,210 --> 00:01:15,140
-management system, and see how we can identify actors in the system.
-
-25
-00:01:15,140 --> 00:01:17,500
-And as we did for the class diagram before, I encourage
-
-26
-00:01:17,500 --> 00:01:20,160
-you to stop the video and try to identify the actors
-
-27
-00:01:20,160 --> 00:01:22,301
-in the system yourself, before I do it.
-
-28
-00:01:23,475 --> 00:01:27,250
-If we look at the description, we can see that, for example, the Registration
-
-29
-00:01:27,250 --> 00:01:30,890
-Manager is clearly an actor for the system. Students are actors
-
-30
-00:01:30,890 --> 00:01:34,400
-for the system. Professors are actors for the system. And notice
-
-31
-00:01:34,400 --> 00:01:36,060
-that we're not doing the same thing that we were doing
-
-32
-00:01:36,060 --> 00:01:38,360
-when identifying classes. Here we're identifying
-
-33
-00:01:38,360 --> 00:01:40,460
-entities that are from the outside
-
-34
-00:01:40,460 --> 00:01:43,090
-world, and have an active role in interacting with my
-
-35
-00:01:43,090 --> 00:01:46,830
-system. Again, Registration Manager, that we will just call registrar for
-
-36
-00:01:46,830 --> 00:01:50,660
-simplicity, students, and professors. So once we have identified the
-
-37
-00:01:50,660 --> 00:01:53,760
-actors for our example, we can simply draw them, using the
-
-38
-00:01:53,760 --> 00:01:56,550
-notation that we just introduced. So we have the registrar,
-
-39
-00:01:56,550 --> 00:01:59,830
-and notice how for every actor we clarify the role that
-
-40
-00:01:59,830 --> 00:02:02,450
-the actor plays. We have the professor, and we have
-
-41
-00:02:02,450 --> 00:02:05,480
-the student. So here, these are the three actors that we
-
-42
-00:02:05,480 --> 00:02:07,000
-identified for our system.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/27 - Building a Use Case Diagram - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/27 - Building a Use Case Diagram - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 4c62396..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/27 - Building a Use Case Diagram - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,203 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:02,120
-Now if you want to build a use case diagram for
-
-2
-00:00:02,120 --> 00:00:04,520
-our example, we have to add the use cases for
-
-3
-00:00:04,520 --> 00:00:07,710
-these different actors. For instance, if we consider the student
-
-4
-00:00:07,710 --> 00:00:10,810
-and the registrar, they might be both interacting with the maintain
-
-5
-00:00:10,810 --> 00:00:14,950
-schedule system, the registrar by updating the schedule and the
-
-6
-00:00:14,950 --> 00:00:18,125
-students by using the schedule that has been updated by the
-
-7
-00:00:18,125 --> 00:00:20,860
-registrar. As you can see, different roles for the same
-
-8
-00:00:20,860 --> 00:00:24,962
-use case. Another possible use case is the request course roster.
-
-9
-00:00:24,962 --> 00:00:28,520
-And on this case, the professor will request the roster
-
-10
-00:00:28,520 --> 00:00:31,960
-by interacting with the system. We will continue in this way
-
-11
-00:00:31,960 --> 00:00:35,270
-by further refining and by further adding use cases as we
-
-12
-00:00:35,270 --> 00:00:39,240
-identify possible interactions of the actors that we identified with our
-
-13
-00:00:39,240 --> 00:00:42,380
-system. So in summary, what the use case diagram is doing
-
-14
-00:00:42,380 --> 00:00:45,370
-is to show the actors and their interaction with the system
-
-15
-00:00:45,370 --> 00:00:47,680
-through a set of use cases. At this point, it should
-
-16
-00:00:47,680 --> 00:00:49,990
-be pretty clear that sure, this gives us an idea of
-
-17
-00:00:49,990 --> 00:00:53,630
-the interactions but we don't really know how these interactions occur.
-
-18
-00:00:53,630 --> 00:00:55,870
-So there is one piece that is missing, which is how
-
-19
-00:00:55,870 --> 00:00:58,850
-do we document the use cases, how do we describe what
-
-20
-00:00:58,850 --> 00:01:02,010
-happens and what these interactions actually are. And that's exactly what
-
-21
-00:01:02,010 --> 00:01:05,410
-we're going to discuss now, how to document use cases. So the
-
-22
-00:01:05,410 --> 00:01:09,000
-behavior of a use case can be specified by describing its
-
-23
-00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:11,650
-flow of events. And it is important to note that the
-
-24
-00:01:11,650 --> 00:01:15,190
-flow of events should be described from an actor's point of view,
-
-25
-00:01:15,190 --> 00:01:17,690
-so from the point of view of the external entity that
-
-26
-00:01:17,690 --> 00:01:22,070
-is interacting with my system. So the description should detail what
-
-27
-00:01:22,070 --> 00:01:24,480
-the system must provide to the actor when the use case
-
-28
-00:01:24,480 --> 00:01:28,170
-is executed. In particular, it should describe how the use case
-
-29
-00:01:28,170 --> 00:01:31,670
-starts and ends. It should describe the normal flow of events,
-
-30
-00:01:31,670 --> 00:01:34,280
-what is the normal interaction. And in addition to the normal
-
-31
-00:01:34,280 --> 00:01:37,720
-flow of events, it should also describe possibly alternative flows of
-
-32
-00:01:37,720 --> 00:01:40,240
-events. For example, in the case in which there are multiple
-
-33
-00:01:40,240 --> 00:01:44,450
-ways of accomplishing one action or performing a task. And finally,
-
-34
-00:01:44,450 --> 00:01:47,880
-it should also describe exceptional flow of events. For example, assume that
-
-35
-00:01:47,880 --> 00:01:50,910
-you are describing a use case for withdrawing money from an
-
-36
-00:01:50,910 --> 00:01:54,230
-ATM. You may want to describe the normal flow of events in which
-
-37
-00:01:54,230 --> 00:01:56,590
-I insert my card, I provide my pin and so on.
-
-38
-00:01:56,590 --> 00:01:59,750
-An alternative one in which, in addition to withdrawing cash, maybe I'll
-
-39
-00:01:59,750 --> 00:02:02,550
-also first ask for some information about how much money is
-
-40
-00:02:02,550 --> 00:02:05,390
-in my account. And finally, I may want to also describe an exceptional
-
-41
-00:02:05,390 --> 00:02:07,900
-flow of events in which I get my pin wrong and,
-
-42
-00:02:07,900 --> 00:02:11,140
-therefore, I'm not able to perform the operation. One more thing I
-
-43
-00:02:11,140 --> 00:02:14,140
-want to mention, when we talk about documenting use cases, is
-
-44
-00:02:14,140 --> 00:02:17,770
-the fact that the description of this information can be provided in
-
-45
-00:02:17,770 --> 00:02:20,650
-two main ways, in an informal way or in a formal
-
-46
-00:02:20,650 --> 00:02:23,330
-way. In the case of an informal description, we could just have
-
-47
-00:02:23,330 --> 00:02:27,540
-a textual description of the flow of events in natural language.
-
-48
-00:02:27,540 --> 00:02:30,250
-In the case of a formal or structured description, we may use,
-
-49
-00:02:30,250 --> 00:02:32,610
-for example, pre and post conditions, pseudo
-
-50
-00:02:32,610 --> 00:02:34,680
-code to indicate the steps. We could
-
-51
-00:02:34,680 --> 00:02:38,010
-also use the sequence diagrams, which is something that we will see in a minute.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/28 - Use Case Example - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/28 - Use Case Example - lang_en_vs5.srt
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index 8f8bead..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/28 - Use Case Example - lang_en_vs5.srt	
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@@ -1,243 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,310
-So, as we did for the previous cases, now let's look
-
-2
-00:00:02,310 --> 00:00:06,890
-at an example. Let's consider a specific use case, maintain curriculum, in
-
-3
-00:00:06,890 --> 00:00:10,570
-which we have the registrar that interacts with the system to do
-
-4
-00:00:10,570 --> 00:00:14,320
-operations for maintaining the curriculum. And, let's define the flow of events
-
-5
-00:00:14,320 --> 00:00:17,040
-for this use case. To do this, we're going to go back, as
-
-6
-00:00:17,040 --> 00:00:20,380
-usual, to the description of our system. So this is the one
-
-7
-00:00:20,380 --> 00:00:22,670
-that you already saw several times, but I would like for you
-
-8
-00:00:22,670 --> 00:00:25,080
-to do something. I would like for you to stop the video,
-
-9
-00:00:25,080 --> 00:00:27,890
-look back at the spec, the one that is shown here.
-
-10
-00:00:27,890 --> 00:00:30,850
-And write on your own, what you think is the informal flow
-
-11
-00:00:30,850 --> 00:00:35,060
-of events that categorizes the interaction of the registration manager with
-
-12
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-the system. And it is very important that you keep in mind
-
-13
-00:00:37,500 --> 00:00:40,140
-something as you're doing that. You should keep in mind that,
-
-14
-00:00:40,140 --> 00:00:41,940
-as it always happens, when extracting
-
-15
-00:00:41,940 --> 00:00:44,270
-requirements from an initial specification, in
-
-16
-00:00:44,270 --> 00:00:47,570
-particular an informal one like this one, a high-level one, you
-
-17
-00:00:47,570 --> 00:00:50,130
-will have to be able to read between the lines and fill
-
-18
-00:00:50,130 --> 00:00:52,690
-in the blanks. That is, you have to provide the information
-
-19
-00:00:52,690 --> 00:00:55,770
-for the missing parts using your domain knowledge. So try to
-
-20
-00:00:55,770 --> 00:00:58,820
-do that exercise. Read the description, and see how you will
-
-21
-00:00:58,820 --> 00:01:02,470
-define the steps, the flow of events for the maintain curriculum use
-
-22
-00:01:02,470 --> 00:01:06,230
-case. If you're done with that, now let's see the possible
-
-23
-00:01:06,230 --> 00:01:09,080
-informal paragraph that describes that flow of events. And the one
-
-24
-00:01:09,080 --> 00:01:12,070
-I'm providing now is just one possibility, based on my experience
-
-25
-00:01:12,070 --> 00:01:15,040
-and based on the way I see this possible flow of events.
-
-26
-00:01:15,040 --> 00:01:17,950
-So yours might look different, of course. In my case, because
-
-27
-00:01:17,950 --> 00:01:20,880
-the description was measuring the fact that every user has got
-
-28
-00:01:20,880 --> 00:01:23,590
-a log-in and a password. I decided that the first step
-
-29
-00:01:23,590 --> 00:01:27,120
-should be that the registrar logs onto the system and enters his
-
-30
-00:01:27,120 --> 00:01:30,390
-or her password. As it normally happens with password protected systems,
-
-31
-00:01:30,390 --> 00:01:32,660
-if the password is valid, the registrar will get into the
-
-32
-00:01:32,660 --> 00:01:35,870
-system. And the system at this point should ask to specify
-
-33
-00:01:35,870 --> 00:01:40,810
-a semester for which the maintain curriculum activity has to be performed.
-
-34
-00:01:40,810 --> 00:01:44,290
-The registrar will therefor enter the desired semester. The interface
-
-35
-00:01:44,290 --> 00:01:46,740
-I envisioned is one in which the system will prompt
-
-36
-00:01:46,740 --> 00:01:50,690
-the registrar to select the desired activity. Add, delete, review,
-
-37
-00:01:50,690 --> 00:01:53,560
-or quit. And if the registrar selects add, the system
-
-38
-00:01:53,560 --> 00:01:56,060
-will allow the registrar to add a course to the
-
-39
-00:01:56,060 --> 00:01:59,660
-course list for the selected semester. Similarly, if the registrar
-
-40
-00:01:59,660 --> 00:02:02,550
-selects delete, the system will let the registrar delete a
-
-41
-00:02:02,550 --> 00:02:05,840
-course from the course list for the selected semester. And again
-
-42
-00:02:05,840 --> 00:02:08,660
-similarly, if the registrar selects review, the system will
-
-43
-00:02:08,660 --> 00:02:12,030
-simply display the course information in the course list for
-
-44
-00:02:12,030 --> 00:02:15,230
-the selected semester. And finally, if the registrar selects quit,
-
-45
-00:02:15,230 --> 00:02:18,110
-the system will simply exit and our use case will
-
-46
-00:02:18,110 --> 00:02:21,150
-end. So, again, there's the main knowledge that goes into
-
-47
-00:02:21,150 --> 00:02:23,620
-this. But this is a good example of how you
-
-48
-00:02:23,620 --> 00:02:27,960
-can refine the initial description to identify these scenarios that
-
-49
-00:02:27,960 --> 00:02:30,830
-then you will use to specify and implement your system.
-
-50
-00:02:30,830 --> 00:02:33,770
-And as we discussed a few minutes ago, we provided the information
-
-51
-00:02:33,770 --> 00:02:37,420
-that is requested for the use case, how the use case starts,
-
-52
-00:02:37,420 --> 00:02:40,620
-by logging into the system. And how it ends, by selecting quit.
-
-53
-00:02:40,620 --> 00:02:43,294
-We described the normal flow of events. And, of course, these flow
-
-54
-00:02:43,294 --> 00:02:46,580
-of events could be improved, because right now even though we described
-
-55
-00:02:46,580 --> 00:02:50,020
-how the use case starts and ends, we just described one possible
-
-56
-00:02:50,020 --> 00:02:53,340
-flow of events. But there's many alternative ways we could provide and
-
-57
-00:02:53,340 --> 00:02:55,890
-we do not describe any exception of flow of events. So this could
-
-58
-00:02:55,890 --> 00:02:58,540
-be the starting point for multiple use cases, or
-
-59
-00:02:58,540 --> 00:03:02,092
-for use cases just richer and contains more information, more
-
-60
-00:03:02,092 --> 00:03:04,474
-steps to a richer flow. But you should have
-
-61
-00:03:04,474 --> 00:03:06,510
-gotten the idea of what a use case should be.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/29 - Role of Use Cases - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/29 - Role of Use Cases - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 11c0187..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/29 - Role of Use Cases - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,151 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,510
-As I mentioned when we started talking about use cases, use
-
-2
-00:00:02,510 --> 00:00:06,040
-cases are fundamental in UML, and in general. So, now I
-
-3
-00:00:06,040 --> 00:00:08,510
-would like to discuss why they're so important and what are
-
-4
-00:00:08,510 --> 00:00:11,900
-the different roles that use cases can play. The first obvious one
-
-5
-00:00:11,900 --> 00:00:15,510
-is for requirements elicitation. It is much easier to describe what
-
-6
-00:00:15,510 --> 00:00:17,650
-the system should do if we think about the system in
-
-7
-00:00:17,650 --> 00:00:21,070
-terms of scenarios of usage. Rather than trying to describe the
-
-8
-00:00:21,070 --> 00:00:25,450
-whole functionality of the system at once. So, use cases can help
-
-9
-00:00:25,450 --> 00:00:28,890
-performing a more effective requirement solicitation. As we will
-
-10
-00:00:28,890 --> 00:00:31,700
-see when we discuss the unified software process, they can
-
-11
-00:00:31,700 --> 00:00:34,980
-be used for architectural analysis. So, use cases are the
-
-12
-00:00:34,980 --> 00:00:38,165
-starting point for the analysis of the architecture of the
-
-13
-00:00:38,165 --> 00:00:40,765
-system that can help identify the main blocks of
-
-14
-00:00:40,765 --> 00:00:44,016
-the system. And therefore, can help define in the initial
-
-15
-00:00:44,016 --> 00:00:47,360
-architecture. And as I said, we'll talk more extensively about
-
-16
-00:00:47,360 --> 00:00:50,460
-that. They can be used for user prioritization. For example,
-
-17
-00:00:50,460 --> 00:00:53,230
-imagine to have multiple actors in the system, and you
-
-18
-00:00:53,230 --> 00:00:56,160
-might want to prioritize some of them. For instance, using
-
-19
-00:00:56,160 --> 00:00:59,810
-again the banking system example, we might want to first
-
-20
-00:00:59,810 --> 00:01:03,477
-provide functionality for the administrators of the bank. And only
-
-21
-00:01:03,477 --> 00:01:06,384
-in a second time provide functionality for the customers, because
-
-22
-00:01:06,384 --> 00:01:09,342
-of course, if the administrator cannot perform any operation, the
-
-23
-00:01:09,342 --> 00:01:12,030
-customers cannot use the system. So again, they can be
-
-24
-00:01:12,030 --> 00:01:15,980
-used to prioritize the users. Or the actors, and therefore
-
-25
-00:01:15,980 --> 00:01:19,390
-define which part of the system should be built in which order.
-
-26
-00:01:19,390 --> 00:01:22,120
-Related to this point, they can be used for planning. If I
-
-27
-00:01:22,120 --> 00:01:25,000
-know which pieces of functionality I need to build and in which
-
-28
-00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:27,980
-order, I can better plan the development of my system. And again,
-
-29
-00:01:27,980 --> 00:01:31,280
-we will see how this becomes very important in many different software
-
-30
-00:01:31,280 --> 00:01:35,037
-life cycles. So, both in the unified software process, for instance, but
-
-31
-00:01:35,037 --> 00:01:38,570
-also in more agile development processes. And finally, use cases can be
-
-32
-00:01:38,570 --> 00:01:40,980
-used for testing. If I have an early description of what the
-
-33
-00:01:40,980 --> 00:01:44,290
-system should do, what are the main pieces of functionality of the system. And I
-
-34
-00:01:44,290 --> 00:01:46,700
-know how the interaction between the actors and
-
-35
-00:01:46,700 --> 00:01:49,510
-the system is, I can easily define test
-
-36
-00:01:49,510 --> 00:01:52,010
-cases, even before writing the code, even before
-
-37
-00:01:52,010 --> 00:01:54,180
-defining my system. And when we discuss testing,
-
-38
-00:01:54,180 --> 00:01:57,590
-we will get back to this and talk a little more extensively about this, as well.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/3 - Objects and Classes - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/3 - Objects and Classes - lang_en_vs5.srt
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index 85bb32f..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/3 - Objects and Classes - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,090 --> 00:00:02,770
-Let's start with objects. An object is a
-
-2
-00:00:02,770 --> 00:00:06,330
-computing unit organized around a collection of state
-
-3
-00:00:06,330 --> 00:00:09,350
-or instance variables that define the state of
-
-4
-00:00:09,350 --> 00:00:12,390
-the object. In addition, each object has associated
-
-5
-00:00:12,390 --> 00:00:15,150
-with it a set operations or methods that
-
-6
-00:00:15,150 --> 00:00:17,850
-operate on such state. So what that means
-
-7
-00:00:17,850 --> 00:00:21,420
-is that operations and methods read and write
-
-8
-00:00:21,420 --> 00:00:25,210
-instance variables. And in traditional object orientation, we say
-
-9
-00:00:25,210 --> 00:00:28,240
-that operations are invoked by sending a message
-
-10
-00:00:28,240 --> 00:00:30,520
-to the appropriate object, which is what we call
-
-11
-00:00:30,520 --> 00:00:33,660
-normally a method implication. So now that we define
-
-12
-00:00:33,660 --> 00:00:37,590
-what an object is, state variables, or attributes, and
-
-13
-00:00:37,590 --> 00:00:41,440
-operations or methods, let's see what a class is.
-
-14
-00:00:41,440 --> 00:00:44,900
-A class is basically a template. A blueprint, if
-
-15
-00:00:44,900 --> 00:00:47,700
-you wish, from which new objects, which is what
-
-16
-00:00:47,700 --> 00:00:50,655
-we call instances of the class can be created.
-
-17
-00:00:50,655 --> 00:00:52,800
-And notice that the fact of having a blueprint for
-
-18
-00:00:52,800 --> 00:00:55,610
-objects that allows us to create as many objects as
-
-19
-00:00:55,610 --> 00:00:58,390
-we want can further reuse, and also contribute to make
-
-20
-00:00:58,390 --> 00:01:00,300
-the code more readable, understandable,
-
-21
-00:01:00,300 --> 00:01:02,270
-and therefore ultimately more maintainable.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/30 - Use Case Diagram: Creation Tips - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/30 - Use Case Diagram: Creation Tips - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index ccf7d0e..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/30 - Use Case Diagram: Creation Tips - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:02,190
-Now, as we did for the class diagram, let's look at
-
-2
-00:00:02,190 --> 00:00:05,440
-some creation tips for use case diagrams. The first tip is that
-
-3
-00:00:05,440 --> 00:00:09,050
-when you define a use case, use a name that communicates purpose.
-
-4
-00:00:09,050 --> 00:00:12,080
-It should be clear what the use case refers to by just
-
-5
-00:00:12,080 --> 00:00:14,320
-looking at the name of the use case. Second tip is
-
-6
-00:00:14,320 --> 00:00:17,700
-to define one atomic behavior per use case. So try not to
-
-7
-00:00:17,700 --> 00:00:21,900
-put more than one specific scenario into a use case. Why? Because
-
-8
-00:00:21,900 --> 00:00:25,380
-these will make the use cases easier to understand and better suited
-
-9
-00:00:25,380 --> 00:00:28,940
-for their roles that we just discussed to define test cases,
-
-10
-00:00:28,940 --> 00:00:31,370
-to do planning, to define an architecture and so on and
-
-11
-00:00:31,370 --> 00:00:34,790
-so forth. Define the flow of events clearly. So again, do
-
-12
-00:00:34,790 --> 00:00:37,820
-it from the perspective of an outsider. An outsider should be able
-
-13
-00:00:37,820 --> 00:00:40,390
-to read the description of the flow of events and understand
-
-14
-00:00:40,390 --> 00:00:43,770
-exactly how the system works or how that specific piece of
-
-15
-00:00:43,770 --> 00:00:47,572
-functionality works. As we suggested for the class diagram, provide only
-
-16
-00:00:47,572 --> 00:00:50,450
-essential details. So there is no need to provide all the nitty
-
-17
-00:00:50,450 --> 00:00:53,720
-gritty details about the use case, just provide enough details so
-
-18
-00:00:53,720 --> 00:00:57,540
-that the use case is complete and understandable. And finally, even
-
-19
-00:00:57,540 --> 00:00:59,960
-though we didn't cover that, there is a way to factor
-
-20
-00:00:59,960 --> 00:01:03,890
-common behaviors and factor variants when defining use cases. So I will
-
-21
-00:01:03,890 --> 00:01:06,580
-encourage you to look at how to do that. For example,
-
-22
-00:01:06,580 --> 00:01:09,290
-by looking at the additional UML documentation and to try to
-
-23
-00:01:09,290 --> 00:01:12,875
-factor out this common behaviors and variants. Typical example would be
-
-24
-00:01:12,875 --> 00:01:15,550
-a system that requires login, like the one that we just discussed,
-
-25
-00:01:15,550 --> 00:01:18,350
-will probably require an initial login step for each use
-
-26
-00:01:18,350 --> 00:01:22,080
-case. It is possible that instead of describing the same steps,
-
-27
-00:01:22,080 --> 00:01:24,600
-or same sub-steps, for each use case, you can factor
-
-28
-00:01:24,600 --> 00:01:26,740
-that out. And create a use case that you should then
-
-29
-00:01:26,740 --> 00:01:29,180
-include in your own use cases. As I said, we
-
-30
-00:01:29,180 --> 00:01:32,790
-didn't cover this for simplicity, but feel free to further read
-
-31
-00:01:32,790 --> 00:01:35,450
-about UML and to see how you can actually factor out
-
-32
-00:01:35,450 --> 00:01:38,890
-behaviors and factor variants. Which can be very useful in practice.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/31 - UML Behavioral Diagrams: Sequence - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/31 - UML Behavioral Diagrams: Sequence - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index cbeb4d8..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/31 - UML Behavioral Diagrams: Sequence - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,227 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:02,400
-Now that we have seen use cases, the next behavioral
-
-2
-00:00:02,400 --> 00:00:05,540
-diagram I want to discuss is the sequence diagram. So
-
-3
-00:00:05,540 --> 00:00:08,070
-what is a sequence diagram? It is an interaction diagram
-
-4
-00:00:08,070 --> 00:00:12,710
-that emphasizes how objects communicate and the time ordering of
-
-5
-00:00:12,710 --> 00:00:15,940
-the messages between objects. To illustrate sequence diagrams in a
-
-6
-00:00:15,940 --> 00:00:18,600
-practical way, and hopefully in a clear way, I will
-
-7
-00:00:18,600 --> 00:00:21,960
-introduce them by creating an actual sequence diagram using an
-
-8
-00:00:21,960 --> 00:00:25,160
-example taken from our course management system. So let's see what
-
-9
-00:00:25,160 --> 00:00:28,050
-are the steps needed to build such a sequence diagram. The first
-
-10
-00:00:28,050 --> 00:00:30,900
-thing we want to do is place the objects that participate in
-
-11
-00:00:30,900 --> 00:00:34,460
-the interaction at the top of the diagram along the x-axis, and
-
-12
-00:00:34,460 --> 00:00:36,410
-you also want to place them in a specific way. You want
-
-13
-00:00:36,410 --> 00:00:39,770
-to place objects that initiate the interaction at the left, and place
-
-14
-00:00:39,770 --> 00:00:42,260
-increasingly more subordinate objects to the
-
-15
-00:00:42,260 --> 00:00:44,430
-right. So basically, this should reflect
-
-16
-00:00:44,430 --> 00:00:47,660
-the way the events will flow for the majority of the interactions
-
-17
-00:00:47,660 --> 00:00:50,202
-in the system. Next thing you want to do is to add
-
-18
-00:00:50,202 --> 00:00:53,910
-what is called the object lifeline. It's a vertical line that
-
-19
-00:00:53,910 --> 00:00:57,300
-shows the existence of objects over a period of time. And
-
-20
-00:00:57,300 --> 00:01:00,660
-it's normally represented with a dashed line, except for the outermost
-
-21
-00:01:00,660 --> 00:01:03,190
-object for which it is a solid line. Now that you
-
-22
-00:01:03,190 --> 00:01:06,450
-have your object lifeline you can start placing messages that these
-
-23
-00:01:06,450 --> 00:01:09,285
-objects send and receive. You want to put them along the
-
-24
-00:01:09,285 --> 00:01:12,860
-y-axis in order of increasing time, from top to bottom. And
-
-25
-00:01:12,860 --> 00:01:15,550
-you can also put a number on the message to further
-
-26
-00:01:15,550 --> 00:01:18,230
-clarify the sequence. So in this case what we're showing
-
-27
-00:01:18,230 --> 00:01:21,550
-is that the student will send the fill in info
-
-28
-00:01:21,550 --> 00:01:24,330
-message to the registration form. And this is the first
-
-29
-00:01:24,330 --> 00:01:27,960
-message in the sequence diagram, the first interaction. Then the student
-
-30
-00:01:27,960 --> 00:01:30,900
-might submit the form and this is also a message
-
-31
-00:01:30,900 --> 00:01:33,370
-that goes to the registration form. At this point, when
-
-32
-00:01:33,370 --> 00:01:36,440
-the submission takes place, the registration form will send the
-
-33
-00:01:36,440 --> 00:01:39,990
-message, so it will invoke some functionality in the registration manager.
-
-34
-00:01:39,990 --> 00:01:43,560
-Specifically you will invoke the add course functionality
-
-35
-00:01:43,560 --> 00:01:46,400
-and pass Joe, the name of the student and
-
-36
-00:01:46,400 --> 00:01:49,410
-Math 101 which is the specific course for which
-
-37
-00:01:49,410 --> 00:01:53,180
-Joe is registering. Then the registration manager will ask
-
-38
-00:01:53,180 --> 00:01:56,780
-the Math 101 course whether it accepts registrations,
-
-39
-00:01:56,780 --> 00:01:59,780
-and the interaction will continue. So that Math 101
-
-40
-00:01:59,780 --> 00:02:02,820
-will actually check for a specific offering, if everything
-
-41
-00:02:02,820 --> 00:02:05,070
-goes fine, you will receive an ack, you'll send
-
-42
-00:02:05,070 --> 00:02:07,180
-back the act to the registration manager and so
-
-43
-00:02:07,180 --> 00:02:10,650
-on. Until at the end, Joe will be registered for
-
-44
-00:02:10,650 --> 00:02:13,390
-Math 101. As you can see, it is very
-
-45
-00:02:13,390 --> 00:02:17,600
-easy to see how the interaction occurs between these different
-
-46
-00:02:17,600 --> 00:02:21,010
-objects at run time, dynamically. So what the behavior
-
-47
-00:02:21,010 --> 00:02:24,070
-of the system is for this specific scenario. So the
-
-48
-00:02:24,070 --> 00:02:26,780
-last notational element that I want to add to this
-
-49
-00:02:26,780 --> 00:02:30,350
-diagram is the focus of control. Which is this tall
-
-50
-00:02:30,350 --> 00:02:32,880
-thin rectangle, that shows the period of time
-
-51
-00:02:32,880 --> 00:02:35,190
-that an object is performing an action, either
-
-52
-00:02:35,190 --> 00:02:37,270
-directly or indirectly. So if we look at
-
-53
-00:02:37,270 --> 00:02:39,240
-the registration form, this is telling us that
-
-54
-00:02:39,240 --> 00:02:41,670
-the registration form is active for this amount
-
-55
-00:02:41,670 --> 00:02:43,170
-of time. And the same thing we can
-
-56
-00:02:43,170 --> 00:02:45,520
-do for the registration manager, the Math 101
-
-57
-00:02:45,520 --> 00:02:49,170
-course offering, and the Math 101 specific section.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/32 - UML Behavioral Diagrams: State Transition Diagram - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/32 - UML Behavioral Diagrams: State Transition Diagram - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index ab1bd6a..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/32 - UML Behavioral Diagrams: State Transition Diagram - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,430
-The very last diagram that I want to discuss is
-
-2
-00:00:02,430 --> 00:00:05,900
-the state transition diagram. The state transition diagram is defined for
-
-3
-00:00:05,900 --> 00:00:09,270
-each relevant class in the system and basically shows the
-
-4
-00:00:09,270 --> 00:00:12,880
-possible live history of a given class or object. So what
-
-5
-00:00:12,880 --> 00:00:15,090
-does it mean to describe the life history? It means
-
-6
-00:00:15,090 --> 00:00:18,630
-that it describes the possible states of the class as defined
-
-7
-00:00:18,630 --> 00:00:21,910
-by the values of the class attributes. And it also describes
-
-8
-00:00:21,910 --> 00:00:25,710
-the events that cause a transition from one state to another.
-
-9
-00:00:25,710 --> 00:00:28,800
-Finally, it describes the actions that result from a state
-
-10
-00:00:28,800 --> 00:00:31,050
-change. So if you put all of this together you
-
-11
-00:00:31,050 --> 00:00:33,760
-can see how this can represent the whole history of
-
-12
-00:00:33,760 --> 00:00:36,860
-the class, from its creation to its destruction. So let me
-
-13
-00:00:36,860 --> 00:00:40,610
-discuss the transition diagram in more detail, and also provide
-
-14
-00:00:40,610 --> 00:00:43,550
-information about the notation used to represent them. We have
-
-15
-00:00:43,550 --> 00:00:46,770
-states, that are represented by ovals with a name. And
-
-16
-00:00:46,770 --> 00:00:51,820
-we have transitions marked by the event that triggers the transition.
-
-17
-00:00:51,820 --> 00:00:55,500
-What transitions indicate is the passage from one state to
-
-18
-00:00:55,500 --> 00:00:59,430
-another state as the consequence of some external stimuli. Notice
-
-19
-00:00:59,430 --> 00:01:01,930
-that not all events will cause a state transition. So
-
-20
-00:01:01,930 --> 00:01:04,930
-for example, some events might be consumed within a single state.
-
-21
-00:01:04,930 --> 00:01:06,500
-And we'll get to that in a second. But in
-
-22
-00:01:06,500 --> 00:01:10,200
-most cases, an event will trigger some state transition. Events
-
-23
-00:01:10,200 --> 00:01:13,480
-may also produce actions and they may also have attributes
-
-24
-00:01:13,480 --> 00:01:17,100
-which are analogous to parameters in a method call. And Boolean
-
-25
-00:01:17,100 --> 00:01:20,830
-conditions that guard the state transition that is prevented
-
-26
-00:01:20,830 --> 00:01:22,860
-from happening in the case the conditions are not
-
-27
-00:01:22,860 --> 00:01:26,630
-satisfied. States may also be associated with activities and
-
-28
-00:01:26,630 --> 00:01:31,450
-actions. Specifically, activities are operations performed by an object
-
-29
-00:01:31,450 --> 00:01:33,410
-when it is in a given state and that
-
-30
-00:01:33,410 --> 00:01:36,690
-takes time to complete. Actions, conversely, just like the
-
-31
-00:01:36,690 --> 00:01:40,270
-actions corresponding to an event are instantaneous operations that
-
-32
-00:01:40,270 --> 00:01:42,420
-are performed by an object. And can be triggered
-
-33
-00:01:42,420 --> 00:01:46,050
-on entry. So, when the object reaches a given state,
-
-34
-00:01:46,050 --> 00:01:48,970
-when the object exits that state, and also when a
-
-35
-00:01:48,970 --> 00:01:53,240
-specific event occurs. And in this case, this notation is
-
-36
-00:01:53,240 --> 00:01:55,930
-basically a shortcut for any event that will cause a
-
-37
-00:01:55,930 --> 00:01:58,840
-state transition that will bring the object back into the
-
-38
-00:01:58,840 --> 00:02:01,696
-same state. Since we have several actions and activities, it
-
-39
-00:02:01,696 --> 00:02:04,480
-is probably worthwhile clarifyinig the ordering of such actions and
-
-40
-00:02:04,480 --> 00:02:07,559
-activities. So the way in which these actions and activities
-
-41
-00:02:07,559 --> 00:02:10,079
-occur is, first of all, we have the actions on the
-
-42
-00:02:10,079 --> 00:02:13,737
-incoming transition, so this is performed first. Then if there is an
-
-43
-00:02:13,737 --> 00:02:17,321
-entry action that is the next action that would be performed, then
-
-44
-00:02:17,321 --> 00:02:22,370
-we have activity and event actions as appropriate. And finally exit actions.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/33 - State Transition Diagram Example - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/33 - State Transition Diagram Example - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6c4c1bf..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/33 - State Transition Diagram Example - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,227 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,090 --> 00:00:02,850
-As usual were going to illustrate these kind of diagrams by
-
-2
-00:00:02,850 --> 00:00:06,050
-using an example. In particular we are going to describe the state
-
-3
-00:00:06,050 --> 00:00:09,330
-transition diagram for part of our example, for part of
-
-4
-00:00:09,330 --> 00:00:12,640
-our course management system. And we're going to focus on the course
-
-5
-00:00:12,640 --> 00:00:15,540
-offering class. When the class is created, it enters the
-
-6
-00:00:15,540 --> 00:00:19,490
-initialization state, in which the activity performed is to initialize the
-
-7
-00:00:19,490 --> 00:00:22,580
-course. At this point, a simple case is the case in
-
-8
-00:00:22,580 --> 00:00:25,550
-which the class is cancelled, so there is a cancelled event.
-
-9
-00:00:25,550 --> 00:00:28,700
-And if that happens, the class is simply cancelled. So it
-
-10
-00:00:28,700 --> 00:00:31,720
-gets into this final state, which is the state cancelled. And
-
-11
-00:00:31,720 --> 00:00:35,500
-the activity in this case is to notify the registered students.
-
-12
-00:00:35,500 --> 00:00:38,580
-Obviously if this is the flow there will be no registered students.
-
-13
-00:00:38,580 --> 00:00:41,110
-However something else can happen when we are in this initial
-
-14
-00:00:41,110 --> 00:00:43,930
-state. So what can happen is that a student can register, so
-
-15
-00:00:43,930 --> 00:00:47,260
-in this case the add student event is triggered. And the
-
-16
-00:00:47,260 --> 00:00:50,620
-corresponding action is to set the count, in this case it would
-
-17
-00:00:50,620 --> 00:00:53,270
-be the count of students for the course offering, to one. And
-
-18
-00:00:53,270 --> 00:00:55,570
-there will be a change of state and the course offering will
-
-19
-00:00:55,570 --> 00:00:58,870
-get into this open state. And the action that will be performed
-
-20
-00:00:58,870 --> 00:01:02,260
-on entry will be to register the student. At this point more
-
-21
-00:01:02,260 --> 00:01:06,920
-students may register. So other student events might occur and notice that we
-
-22
-00:01:06,920 --> 00:01:10,630
-have a curve here that tells us this event will trigger this
-
-23
-00:01:10,630 --> 00:01:13,790
-transition only if the count is less than 10. So we're assuming
-
-24
-00:01:13,790 --> 00:01:16,120
-that we're not going to have more than 10 students just for lack
-
-25
-00:01:16,120 --> 00:01:19,010
-of a better number in our course offering. So if that
-
-26
-00:01:19,010 --> 00:01:21,960
-happens, if the count is less than ten so then the count
-
-27
-00:01:21,960 --> 00:01:25,880
-is incremented so the increment count action takes place. And the
-
-28
-00:01:25,880 --> 00:01:28,910
-system goes back into the open state, and the new student
-
-29
-00:01:28,910 --> 00:01:32,100
-is registered. Now here we have an interesting transition, because there's
-
-30
-00:01:32,100 --> 00:01:35,380
-no event triggering the transition, but simply the fact that the
-
-31
-00:01:35,380 --> 00:01:37,780
-count is equal to 10. So you can imagine this as
-
-32
-00:01:37,780 --> 00:01:40,930
-being a transition that is always enabled so can always be triggered,
-
-33
-00:01:40,930 --> 00:01:43,410
-but will be guarded. By the fact that the count has
-
-34
-00:01:43,410 --> 00:01:46,750
-to be exactly ten. So basically this transition will take place
-
-35
-00:01:46,750 --> 00:01:49,800
-only when enough students are added, such we get to count
-
-36
-00:01:49,800 --> 00:01:52,900
-them. Being incremented and being equal to ten and then the transition
-
-37
-00:01:52,900 --> 00:01:55,590
-will occur. And we will get into the closed state, in
-
-38
-00:01:55,590 --> 00:01:59,025
-which the class is no longer open because there are enough students
-
-39
-00:01:59,025 --> 00:02:01,730
-registered. And at this point, what will happen is that the
-
-40
-00:02:01,730 --> 00:02:06,320
-course will be finalized. So there will be this activity which performs
-
-41
-00:02:06,320 --> 00:02:09,699
-some operation that is needed to finalize the course. Another possibility
-
-42
-00:02:09,699 --> 00:02:12,150
-is that when we are in the open state, the course
-
-43
-00:02:12,150 --> 00:02:14,680
-is cancelled. And if the course is cancelled, in this case,
-
-44
-00:02:14,680 --> 00:02:18,320
-we go again to the cancel state. But here, the activity
-
-45
-00:02:18,320 --> 00:02:21,850
-of notifying registered students makes more sense. Because we will have
-
-46
-00:02:21,850 --> 00:02:24,960
-at least one registered student in this state, and therefore we'll
-
-47
-00:02:24,960 --> 00:02:28,190
-need to notify such student that the course offering has been
-
-48
-00:02:28,190 --> 00:02:31,470
-cancelled. Finally, is it also possible also to cancel a course
-
-49
-00:02:31,470 --> 00:02:34,050
-after it has been closed? And in this case again, the
-
-50
-00:02:34,050 --> 00:02:38,040
-same thing will happen. The class will reach the cancelled state and
-
-51
-00:02:38,040 --> 00:02:40,850
-all the students, in this case ten students, that are registered
-
-52
-00:02:40,850 --> 00:02:43,730
-for the course will be notified that the course has been cancelled.
-
-53
-00:02:43,730 --> 00:02:46,100
-So, if we look at this state transition diagram, you can
-
-54
-00:02:46,100 --> 00:02:49,860
-see that it's pretty easy to see what the evolution of objects
-
-55
-00:02:49,860 --> 00:02:52,590
-of this class can be. How they can go from their initial
-
-56
-00:02:52,590 --> 00:02:56,660
-state to various final states depending on what are the external events
-
-57
-00:02:56,660 --> 00:02:57,750
-that reach the system.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/34 - Recap Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/34 - Recap Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 458137f..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/34 - Recap Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,190 --> 00:00:02,260
-I'd like to conclude this lesson with a couple of
-
-2
-00:00:02,260 --> 00:00:05,350
-quizzes. Just to recap what we saw. And, make sure that
-
-3
-00:00:05,350 --> 00:00:08,000
-everybody's on the same page. In the first quiz, I want to
-
-4
-00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:11,930
-know whether an UML state transition diagram specifies a set of
-
-5
-00:00:11,930 --> 00:00:15,320
-objects that work together to perform some action. The events that
-
-6
-00:00:15,320 --> 00:00:17,870
-cause an object to move from one state to another. The
-
-7
-00:00:17,870 --> 00:00:20,840
-set of components in a system, or the effects of a
-
-8
-00:00:20,840 --> 00:00:24,270
-state change. And as usual, you should mark all that apply.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/35 - Recap Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/35 - Recap Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 1172c26..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/35 - Recap Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,095 --> 00:00:03,320
-A UML state transition diagram does not specify a set
-
-2
-00:00:03,320 --> 00:00:05,960
-of object that work together to perform some action, because
-
-3
-00:00:05,960 --> 00:00:09,270
-this is what a sequence diagram does instead. Conversely, the
-
-4
-00:00:09,270 --> 00:00:12,530
-second one is correct. As we said, a state transition diagram
-
-5
-00:00:12,530 --> 00:00:15,790
-describes the events that cause a transition from one state
-
-6
-00:00:15,790 --> 00:00:19,300
-to another. Again, a UML state transition diagram does not
-
-7
-00:00:19,300 --> 00:00:22,270
-specify the set of components in a system, because this
-
-8
-00:00:22,270 --> 00:00:25,700
-is what a component diagram does, not a state transition diagram.
-
-9
-00:00:25,700 --> 00:00:27,620
-As for the last one, this is correct,
-
-10
-00:00:27,620 --> 00:00:30,510
-because, as we also discussed, a state transition diagram
-
-11
-00:00:30,510 --> 00:00:33,000
-describes the actions that result from a state
-
-12
-00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:35,890
-change, that is, the effects of such state change.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/36 - Recap Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/36 - Recap Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index bdc7298..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/36 - Recap Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:01,580
-And for the last quiz, I want to know
-
-2
-00:00:01,580 --> 00:00:05,250
-which of the following diagrams are UML Structural
-
-3
-00:00:05,250 --> 00:00:08,790
-Diagrams? Use case diagram, class diagram, deployment diagram
-
-4
-00:00:08,790 --> 00:00:11,580
-and sequence diagram. Again, mark all that apply.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/37 - Recap Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/37 - Recap Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 7f8f313..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/37 - Recap Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,580
-And in this case, the correct answer is that class
-
-2
-00:00:02,580 --> 00:00:06,870
-diagram and deployment diagrams are the only two UML structural
-
-3
-00:00:06,870 --> 00:00:09,950
-diagrams among these four. So the answer to this quiz
-
-4
-00:00:09,950 --> 00:00:12,250
-was probably pretty obvious, but I wanted to use it
-
-5
-00:00:12,250 --> 00:00:15,840
-also to stress, once more, the difference between structural and
-
-6
-00:00:15,840 --> 00:00:19,560
-behavioral diagrams. Structural diagrams provide the static picture of the
-
-7
-00:00:19,560 --> 00:00:23,100
-system being modeled, presented from different perspective. For example, from
-
-8
-00:00:23,100 --> 00:00:26,630
-the perspective of the class diagram and of the deployment diagram.
-
-9
-00:00:26,630 --> 00:00:29,760
-Behavioral diagrams, on the other hand, provide information on
-
-10
-00:00:29,760 --> 00:00:32,460
-the dynamic behavior of the system being modeled, also
-
-11
-00:00:32,460 --> 00:00:35,020
-presented from different perspective. So it's important to be
-
-12
-00:00:35,020 --> 00:00:38,020
-able to distinguish between these two types of diagrams. This
-
-13
-00:00:38,020 --> 00:00:41,450
-concludes this lesson on object orientation and UML. But
-
-14
-00:00:41,450 --> 00:00:43,960
-I encourage you to look at the references provided
-
-15
-00:00:43,960 --> 00:00:45,390
-in the class notes, in case you want to
-
-16
-00:00:45,390 --> 00:00:49,440
-know more about object orientation, object oriented analysis, and UML.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/4 - Benefits of OO - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/4 - Benefits of OO - lang_en_vs5.srt
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index 2650d6e..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/4 - Benefits of OO - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,090 --> 00:00:02,110
-So in more general terms, why do we want to
-
-2
-00:00:02,110 --> 00:00:05,330
-use object orientation? The first reason is that object
-
-3
-00:00:05,330 --> 00:00:10,530
-orientation can help reduce long-term maintenance costs by limiting
-
-4
-00:00:10,530 --> 00:00:12,700
-the effects of changes. As we saw, the effect
-
-5
-00:00:12,700 --> 00:00:15,990
-of using encapsulation and information hiding makes it easier
-
-6
-00:00:15,990 --> 00:00:18,700
-to modify parts of the system without affecting the
-
-7
-00:00:18,700 --> 00:00:21,590
-rest of the system. Object orientation can also improve
-
-8
-00:00:21,590 --> 00:00:25,870
-the developing process by favoring code and design reuse.
-
-9
-00:00:25,870 --> 00:00:27,840
-In general, object orientation helps
-
-10
-00:00:27,840 --> 00:00:31,750
-enforcing good design principles. Principles such
-
-11
-00:00:31,750 --> 00:00:34,880
-as the ones that we saw in encapuslation, information hiding, high
-
-12
-00:00:34,880 --> 00:00:39,470
-cohesion, low coupling and we will discuss these aspects more extensively
-
-13
-00:00:39,470 --> 00:00:42,750
-in the next mini course which is centered around design concepts.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/5 - OO Benefits Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/5 - OO Benefits Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 5942254..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/5 - OO Benefits Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:02,600
-Now let's make sure that we understand the benefits of
-
-2
-00:00:02,600 --> 00:00:06,270
-object orientation through a quiz. Imagine that acme corporation decided
-
-3
-00:00:06,270 --> 00:00:09,180
-to use an objetory entered approach in its software development
-
-4
-00:00:09,180 --> 00:00:12,230
-process. If this is the case what benefits can they expect
-
-5
-00:00:12,230 --> 00:00:14,640
-to receive from this decision. And here I'm listing some
-
-6
-00:00:14,640 --> 00:00:18,120
-possible benefits. Increased reuse because of the modular cooling style.
-
-7
-00:00:18,120 --> 00:00:21,450
-Increased maintainability because the system design can accommodate changes more
-
-8
-00:00:21,450 --> 00:00:25,530
-easily. Increased speed because object oriented systems tend to run faster.
-
-9
-00:00:25,530 --> 00:00:27,770
-And increased understandability because the
-
-10
-00:00:27,770 --> 00:00:30,680
-design models real world entities. So,
-
-11
-00:00:30,680 --> 00:00:33,310
-I would like, as usual, for you to mark all that apply.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/6 - OO Benefits Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/6 - OO Benefits Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index c97c453..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/6 - OO Benefits Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:01,280
-So, now let's see which ones of these
-
-2
-00:00:01,280 --> 00:00:04,410
-benefits can actually be expected. Definitely, the first one.
-
-3
-00:00:04,410 --> 00:00:07,720
-The modular coding style typical of object-oriented approaches can,
-
-4
-00:00:07,720 --> 00:00:11,280
-and normally does, increase reuse. Similarly, because of the
-
-5
-00:00:11,280 --> 00:00:15,830
-characteristics of typical object-oriented systems, these systems are normally
-
-6
-00:00:15,830 --> 00:00:18,390
-easier to change. Because they're more modular, they're more
-
-7
-00:00:18,390 --> 00:00:21,890
-cohesive, they're more decoupled. And therefore, all of this
-
-8
-00:00:21,890 --> 00:00:25,520
-contributes to increase the maintainability of the resulting systems.
-
-9
-00:00:25,520 --> 00:00:27,810
-So we're going to mark this benefit as well.
-
-10
-00:00:27,810 --> 00:00:31,500
-There's really nothing about object-oriented systems. That make them
-
-11
-00:00:31,500 --> 00:00:34,550
-run faster and, therefore, this is not a benefit
-
-12
-00:00:34,550 --> 00:00:36,432
-that we can expect from the use of an
-
-13
-00:00:36,432 --> 00:00:39,910
-object-oriented approach. Conversely, the last one is an expected
-
-14
-00:00:39,910 --> 00:00:43,950
-benefit because normally, the fact of designing real-world entities,
-
-15
-00:00:43,950 --> 00:00:46,120
-which is one of the characteristics of the object
-
-16
-00:00:46,120 --> 00:00:50,530
-oriented approaches, does increase understandability. It's easier to understand
-
-17
-00:00:50,530 --> 00:00:54,370
-the system because we can relate. To the system because we can recognize in
-
-18
-00:00:54,370 --> 00:00:58,000
-the systems, real world entities that we are used to see and that we understand.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/7 - OO Analysis History - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/7 - OO Analysis History - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 843126e..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/7 - OO Analysis History - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,060 --> 00:00:02,160
-The use of object orientation and object oriented
-
-2
-00:00:02,160 --> 00:00:06,430
-concepts led to what we call OOAD, object oriented
-
-3
-00:00:06,430 --> 00:00:10,650
-analysis and design. OOAD is a software engineering approach
-
-4
-00:00:10,650 --> 00:00:13,790
-whose main characteristics is to model a software system
-
-5
-00:00:13,790 --> 00:00:16,600
-as a group of interacting objects, and we'll
-
-6
-00:00:16,600 --> 00:00:19,160
-see what that means. In particular, in this lesson
-
-7
-00:00:19,160 --> 00:00:21,590
-we will specifically focus on the first part of
-
-8
-00:00:21,590 --> 00:00:25,360
-this, object oriented analysis, which is a requirements analysis
-
-9
-00:00:25,360 --> 00:00:29,650
-technique that concentrates on modeling real world objects. And
-
-10
-00:00:29,650 --> 00:00:31,340
-as I usually like to do, I would like
-
-11
-00:00:31,340 --> 00:00:34,812
-to start by providing some historical perspective on object
-
-12
-00:00:34,812 --> 00:00:37,472
-oriented analysis to better understand how we went from a
-
-13
-00:00:37,472 --> 00:00:40,990
-function-centric world to a data-centric world. And several people
-
-14
-00:00:40,990 --> 00:00:43,800
-contributed to this shift in perspective, but I'd like
-
-15
-00:00:43,800 --> 00:00:46,960
-to mention a few that were particularly influential. Starting
-
-16
-00:00:46,960 --> 00:00:50,540
-from James Rumbaugh, which in the 90s developed an integrated
-
-17
-00:00:50,540 --> 00:00:53,900
-approach to object oriented modelling with three main aspects.
-
-18
-00:00:53,900 --> 00:00:56,680
-A data aspect, so the modelling was based on
-
-19
-00:00:56,680 --> 00:01:00,390
-using an extended version of entity relationship diagrams to
-
-20
-00:01:00,390 --> 00:01:03,680
-describe classes and inheritance. So that's what was called
-
-21
-00:01:03,680 --> 00:01:06,770
-the object model. And the second aspect has to
-
-22
-00:01:06,770 --> 00:01:09,770
-do with functions. So data flow diagrams were used
-
-23
-00:01:09,770 --> 00:01:12,850
-to represent the functional aspects of the system, where
-
-24
-00:01:12,850 --> 00:01:16,070
-each function was then becoming a method in a class.
-
-25
-00:01:16,070 --> 00:01:18,500
-So this is what is called the functional model.
-
-26
-00:01:18,500 --> 00:01:22,120
-So object model and functional model. The third model
-
-27
-00:01:22,120 --> 00:01:25,120
-in Rumbaugh's methodology had to do with control. So
-
-28
-00:01:25,120 --> 00:01:29,301
-it was representing the dynamic aspects of a system. And
-
-29
-00:01:29,301 --> 00:01:31,880
-it uses state machines, which we'll cover in more
-
-30
-00:01:31,880 --> 00:01:35,730
-detail, to represent how a system would evolve going from
-
-31
-00:01:35,730 --> 00:01:37,650
-one state to the other based on what happened
-
-32
-00:01:37,650 --> 00:01:41,260
-to the system. These three models together represented what was
-
-33
-00:01:41,260 --> 00:01:44,950
-called the Object Modeling Technique, or OMT. And
-
-34
-00:01:44,950 --> 00:01:47,860
-OMT combined with contributions from several people, and in
-
-35
-00:01:47,860 --> 00:01:51,290
-particular Jacobson and Booch, evolved into what we call
-
-36
-00:01:51,290 --> 00:01:54,910
-the Unified Modeling Language, which is UML, which is
-
-37
-00:01:54,910 --> 00:01:56,910
-probably the modeling language that most of you
-
-38
-00:01:56,910 --> 00:02:00,480
-are familiar with. UML extends OMT by providing more
-
-39
-00:02:00,480 --> 00:02:03,460
-diagrams and a broader view of a system from
-
-40
-00:02:03,460 --> 00:02:06,270
-multiple perspectives. So, in the second part of the
-
-41
-00:02:06,270 --> 00:02:07,850
-lesson, we will cover some of these
-
-42
-00:02:07,850 --> 00:02:10,530
-diagrams in details, but before that, I'd like
-
-43
-00:02:10,530 --> 00:02:12,215
-to talk a little bit more about object
-
-44
-00:02:12,215 --> 00:02:14,540
-oriented analysis, and how we can perform it.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/8 - OO Analysis Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/8 - OO Analysis Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index fccd722..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/8 - OO Analysis Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,147 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:02,540
-So let's look at the object-oriented analysis in a
-
-2
-00:00:02,540 --> 00:00:05,540
-little more detail. As I said earlier, traditional analysis
-
-3
-00:00:05,540 --> 00:00:08,890
-and design techniques were functionally oriented. What that means
-
-4
-00:00:08,890 --> 00:00:11,980
-is that they concentrated on the functions to be performed,
-
-5
-00:00:11,980 --> 00:00:14,510
-whereas the data upon which the functions operated were
-
-6
-00:00:14,510 --> 00:00:18,900
-secondary to the functions themselves. Conversely, object oriented analysis, is
-
-7
-00:00:18,900 --> 00:00:22,100
-primarily concerned that with a data objects, so we
-
-8
-00:00:22,100 --> 00:00:25,500
-went from a functional oriented view to a data oriented
-
-9
-00:00:25,500 --> 00:00:28,070
-view, what that means is that during the analysis phase,
-
-10
-00:00:28,070 --> 00:00:30,770
-we define a system first in terms of the data
-
-11
-00:00:30,770 --> 00:00:34,380
-types and their relationships, and the functions or methods are
-
-12
-00:00:34,380 --> 00:00:38,130
-defined only later and associated with specific objects which are sets
-
-13
-00:00:38,130 --> 00:00:40,380
-of data. So let's see how we can perform object
-
-14
-00:00:40,380 --> 00:00:44,040
-orientated analysis in practice, so the basic idea is to be
-
-15
-00:00:44,040 --> 00:00:47,060
-focused on the objects of the real world. So to
-
-16
-00:00:47,060 --> 00:00:51,310
-go from a real world objects to a set of requirements.
-
-17
-00:00:51,310 --> 00:00:55,340
-And we can describe this as a four-step process. The first
-
-18
-00:00:55,340 --> 00:00:57,790
-step is to obtain or prepare a textual description of the
-
-19
-00:00:57,790 --> 00:01:00,400
-problem to be solved. So obviously, we need to start from
-
-20
-00:01:00,400 --> 00:01:03,300
-some description of the system that we need to build. And
-
-21
-00:01:03,300 --> 00:01:06,120
-this is a very practical oriented approach, so that the next
-
-22
-00:01:06,120 --> 00:01:08,390
-thing we do is that we take the description and we
-
-23
-00:01:08,390 --> 00:01:12,670
-underline nouns. In this description. And the nouns that we underline
-
-24
-00:01:12,670 --> 00:01:16,710
-will become classes in my analysis. We then look at adjectives in
-
-25
-00:01:16,710 --> 00:01:19,530
-the document. We underline those, and we use that
-
-26
-00:01:19,530 --> 00:01:23,130
-information to identify the attributes of the classes that we've
-
-27
-00:01:23,130 --> 00:01:26,370
-previously identified. At this point we focus on active
-
-28
-00:01:26,370 --> 00:01:29,610
-verbs in the description, and the analysis of the active
-
-29
-00:01:29,610 --> 00:01:32,710
-verbs will give us the operations that we'll need
-
-30
-00:01:32,710 --> 00:01:36,830
-to define for our classes. So, again, underline nouns, and
-
-31
-00:01:36,830 --> 00:01:38,950
-those will become the classes in my system. Then,
-
-32
-00:01:38,950 --> 00:01:42,150
-objectives. And, those will be the attributes of the classes.
-
-33
-00:01:42,150 --> 00:01:46,650
-And, finally, active verbs that will become the operations of my classes. And
-
-34
-00:01:46,650 --> 00:01:48,840
-of course, this is a high level view to take this with a
-
-35
-00:01:48,840 --> 00:01:51,790
-grain of salt. But we will see that it's a very good pragmatic
-
-36
-00:01:51,790 --> 00:01:54,760
-approach to identifying requirements, starting from a
-
-37
-00:01:54,760 --> 00:01:56,570
-description of the system to be built.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/9 - Modeling Classes Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/9 - Modeling Classes Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 6c3c61b..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P2L2 OO Software Engineering and UML Subtitles/9 - Modeling Classes Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,190 --> 00:00:02,890
-Now let's see how object oriented analysis might work
-
-2
-00:00:02,890 --> 00:00:06,640
-in practice by considering the following requirement for an online
-
-3
-00:00:06,640 --> 00:00:10,230
-shopping website. The requirement says that users can add
-
-4
-00:00:10,230 --> 00:00:12,890
-more than one item on sale at a time to
-
-5
-00:00:12,890 --> 00:00:15,590
-a shopping cart. So, looking at this requirement I
-
-6
-00:00:15,590 --> 00:00:18,180
-would like you to tell me which of the following
-
-7
-00:00:18,180 --> 00:00:21,285
-elements should be modeled as classes. And the elements
-
-8
-00:00:21,285 --> 00:00:25,650
-are: item, sale, shopping cart, time and user. So mark
-
-9
-00:00:25,650 --> 00:00:26,370
-all that apply.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 89008af..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,360 --> 00:00:02,910
-Hello, and welcome to the third part
-
-2
-00:00:02,910 --> 00:00:06,426
-of our software engineering course. In this mini-course,
-
-3
-00:00:06,426 --> 00:00:09,250
-we will discuss software design. We will
-
-4
-00:00:09,250 --> 00:00:13,170
-also introduce the Unified Software Process. And we
-
-5
-00:00:13,170 --> 00:00:15,730
-will work on a more complex project,
-
-6
-00:00:15,730 --> 00:00:18,330
-in which we will develop a distributed software
-
-7
-00:00:18,330 --> 00:00:22,960
-system that involves multiple different platforms. In
-
-8
-00:00:22,960 --> 00:00:25,730
-our first lesson of this mini-course, in particular,
-
-9
-00:00:25,730 --> 00:00:28,150
-we will talk about software architecture. A
-
-10
-00:00:28,150 --> 00:00:31,650
-software engineering discipline whose goal is to lay
-
-11
-00:00:31,650 --> 00:00:34,980
-the foundation on which to build successful
-
-12
-00:00:34,980 --> 00:00:38,130
-and long lasting software systems. So let's begin.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/10 - Architectural Recovery Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/10 - Architectural Recovery Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index bd45907..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/10 - Architectural Recovery Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:03,210
-The first sentence is definitely false. Prescriptive architecture
-
-2
-00:00:03,210 --> 00:00:06,530
-and descriptive architecture tend to diverge as systems evolve,
-
-3
-00:00:06,530 --> 00:00:08,960
-and sometimes, even when the system is first developed,
-
-4
-00:00:08,960 --> 00:00:10,680
-as we will see in some of the upcoming
-
-5
-00:00:10,680 --> 00:00:14,340
-examples. Conversely, the second sentence is true. By
-
-6
-00:00:14,340 --> 00:00:18,150
-adding unnecessary elements to the architecture, architectural drift can
-
-7
-00:00:18,150 --> 00:00:22,470
-transform an otherwise clean architecture into a complex sub-optimal,
-
-8
-00:00:22,470 --> 00:00:25,960
-and often ugly, architecture. The third sentence is false.
-
-9
-00:00:25,960 --> 00:00:30,540
-Architectural erosion and architectural drift are, indeed, different phenomena.
-
-10
-00:00:30,540 --> 00:00:32,940
-But they both result in a less than ideal, and
-
-11
-00:00:32,940 --> 00:00:36,160
-in some cases, highly degraded architecture. And the fourth
-
-12
-00:00:36,160 --> 00:00:39,600
-sentence is also false, as we discussed a minute ago.
-
-13
-00:00:39,600 --> 00:00:42,050
-Just tweaking at the code is very unlikely to
-
-14
-00:00:42,050 --> 00:00:44,930
-improve the code. Quite the opposite, actually. The best way
-
-15
-00:00:44,930 --> 00:00:48,420
-to repair a degraded architectural design is to first, understand
-
-16
-00:00:48,420 --> 00:00:51,110
-the current architecture, and then, try to fix it in
-
-17
-00:00:51,110 --> 00:00:52,280
-a more principled way.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/11 - Real World Example - lang_en_vs6.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/11 - Real World Example - lang_en_vs6.srt
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index 4e64d4a..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/11 - Real World Example - lang_en_vs6.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,183 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,210 --> 00:00:02,770
-Now to drive home some of the points that I just
-
-2
-00:00:02,770 --> 00:00:05,920
-made, I would like to show you a few real world examples
-
-3
-00:00:05,920 --> 00:00:09,150
-of architectures that kind of went astray. The first example I
-
-4
-00:00:09,150 --> 00:00:11,970
-want to use is an example from the Linux kernel. Actually, from
-
-5
-00:00:11,970 --> 00:00:15,260
-an earlier version of the Linux kernel. A research group studied
-
-6
-00:00:15,260 --> 00:00:17,020
-the documentation of Linux, and also
-
-7
-00:00:17,020 --> 00:00:19,440
-interviewed several Linux developers. And by
-
-8
-00:00:19,440 --> 00:00:21,710
-doing that, they were able to come up with a software
-
-9
-00:00:21,710 --> 00:00:25,260
-architecture of Linux at different levels of obstruction. So the one that
-
-10
-00:00:25,260 --> 00:00:27,365
-I'm showing you here on the left, is the
-
-11
-00:00:27,365 --> 00:00:31,120
-software architecture at the level of Linux's main subsystems. So
-
-12
-00:00:31,120 --> 00:00:34,540
-this is the prescriptive architecture of Linux at the level
-
-13
-00:00:34,540 --> 00:00:38,060
-of Linux's main subsystems. So the researchers, after identifying this
-
-14
-00:00:38,060 --> 00:00:40,420
-architecture, they showed it to the developers, and the
-
-15
-00:00:40,420 --> 00:00:43,180
-developers agreed that, that was indeed the architecture of the
-
-16
-00:00:43,180 --> 00:00:46,540
-system. The researchers then studied the source code of Linux
-
-17
-00:00:46,540 --> 00:00:50,380
-and reverse engineered its actual architecture. So the architecture as
-
-18
-00:00:50,380 --> 00:00:54,020
-implemented, it's descriptive architecture. And this one here, on the
-
-19
-00:00:54,020 --> 00:00:56,610
-right, is the result. And as you can see, they found
-
-20
-00:00:56,610 --> 00:01:00,940
-a number of differences or violations between the prescriptive architecture and
-
-21
-00:01:00,940 --> 00:01:04,080
-the descriptive architecture. In particular, if we look at this architecture,
-
-22
-00:01:04,080 --> 00:01:06,820
-we can see that pretty much everything talks to everything else,
-
-23
-00:01:06,820 --> 00:01:09,010
-which is, in general, not a good thing. And in addition
-
-24
-00:01:09,010 --> 00:01:11,890
-to that, there are also several things that don't really make
-
-25
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-much sense. For example the library calls the file system and
-
-26
-00:01:15,630 --> 00:01:19,290
-also the network interface which doesn't make much sense. Another thing
-
-27
-00:01:19,290 --> 00:01:21,850
-that is kind of weird is the fact that file system
-
-28
-00:01:21,850 --> 00:01:25,250
-calls the kernel initialization code. Which is also a little bit
-
-29
-00:01:25,250 --> 00:01:28,100
-weird. So basically, the bottom line here is that not even
-
-30
-00:01:28,100 --> 00:01:32,020
-the developers realized how the actual architecture of the system was,
-
-31
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-and how it was different from the architecture they have conceived.
-
-32
-00:01:35,170 --> 00:01:37,870
-And in fact another interesting thing here is the reaction of
-
-33
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-the developers when they were shown the actual architecture. So basically
-
-34
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-they justified the differences by saying things such as, well you
-
-35
-00:01:44,110 --> 00:01:47,120
-know it had to be done fast, and therefore I changed it
-
-36
-00:01:47,120 --> 00:01:50,110
-and then I didn't have time to go back and update the documentation
-
-37
-00:01:50,110 --> 00:01:52,800
-and things of this sort. And by the way these are exactly some
-
-38
-00:01:52,800 --> 00:01:55,640
-of the reasons that we mentioned early on in the lesson for the
-
-39
-00:01:55,640 --> 00:01:58,410
-discrepancy between prescriptive and descriptive software
-
-40
-00:01:58,410 --> 00:01:59,990
-architecture. So one last thing that I
-
-41
-00:01:59,990 --> 00:02:02,840
-want to mention here as an aside and we can get back to
-
-42
-00:02:02,840 --> 00:02:06,495
-that later is the fact that you can probably clearly show how representing
-
-43
-00:02:06,495 --> 00:02:10,880
-software architectures graphically can be extremely useful, because it allows
-
-44
-00:02:10,880 --> 00:02:14,140
-for easily seeing the structure of the system. Look at different
-
-45
-00:02:14,140 --> 00:02:17,140
-views identify problematic points and so on. And we will see
-
-46
-00:02:17,140 --> 00:02:19,740
-how that can be useful in many cases also later on.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/12 - More Examples - lang_en_vs6.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/12 - More Examples - lang_en_vs6.srt
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index 6f929eb..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/12 - More Examples - lang_en_vs6.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:03,090
-As another example, I want to show you the architecture of the
-
-2
-00:00:03,090 --> 00:00:06,290
-iRods system. This is a data grid system that was built by
-
-3
-00:00:06,290 --> 00:00:09,720
-a biologist. And it's a system for storing and accessing big
-
-4
-00:00:09,720 --> 00:00:11,910
-data. So what I'm going to do, I'm going to do the same thing
-
-5
-00:00:11,910 --> 00:00:14,010
-that I did for the Linux system. I'm going to show you
-
-6
-00:00:14,010 --> 00:00:18,080
-here, on the left hand side, this clean prescriptive architecture for the
-
-7
-00:00:18,080 --> 00:00:21,000
-iRODS system. And I'm going to show you here on the right the
-
-8
-00:00:21,000 --> 00:00:22,660
-actual architecture of the system. The
-
-9
-00:00:22,660 --> 00:00:25,780
-descriptive architecture of iRODS. So here,
-
-10
-00:00:25,780 --> 00:00:27,640
-even if we don't go in and look at the details, you
-
-11
-00:00:27,640 --> 00:00:31,800
-can see very easily that the system is badly drifted and eroded
-
-12
-00:00:31,800 --> 00:00:34,500
-with respect to the way it was supposed to be. Continuing
-
-13
-00:00:34,500 --> 00:00:36,500
-with the examples. What I want to show you now is the
-
-14
-00:00:36,500 --> 00:00:39,980
-view of the complete architecture of HADOOP. As many of you probably
-
-15
-00:00:39,980 --> 00:00:44,210
-already know, HADOOP is an open source software framework for storage and
-
-16
-00:00:44,210 --> 00:00:47,990
-large scale processing of data sets. It's very broadly used. And here
-
-17
-00:00:47,990 --> 00:00:50,820
-is a picture of the architecture, and I hope you can see it
-
-18
-00:00:50,820 --> 00:00:54,290
-because the architecture is so complex and so broad and so
-
-19
-00:00:54,290 --> 00:00:57,050
-intertwined, and in order to be able to represent it here
-
-20
-00:00:57,050 --> 00:00:59,690
-in one page, I had to zoom out quite a bit.
-
-21
-00:00:59,690 --> 00:01:02,120
-But also in this case, you don't really have to look
-
-22
-00:01:02,120 --> 00:01:05,640
-at details. The important point here is that in this software architecture
-
-23
-00:01:05,640 --> 00:01:09,540
-61 out of the 67 components in the system have circular
-
-24
-00:01:09,540 --> 00:01:12,570
-dependencies. Which means that they depend on each other in a
-
-25
-00:01:12,570 --> 00:01:15,820
-circular way and this is normally not a good thing and also
-
-26
-00:01:15,820 --> 00:01:18,790
-in this case a few developers when shown the diagram had no
-
-27
-00:01:18,790 --> 00:01:22,120
-idea that the structure of the system was so complex and messy.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/13 - Final Example - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/13 - Final Example - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 4fab0c6..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/13 - Final Example - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,220 --> 00:00:02,130
-I'm going to conclude this set of examples with
-
-2
-00:00:02,130 --> 00:00:04,750
-a system that you might also know, Bash. And in
-
-3
-00:00:04,750 --> 00:00:08,000
-case you don't, Bash is a Unix shell written as
-
-4
-00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:11,000
-a free software replacement for the traditional Bourne shell, also
-
-5
-00:00:11,000 --> 00:00:13,690
-called sh. So what I'm showing here is the
-
-6
-00:00:13,690 --> 00:00:17,950
-descriptive architecture of the command component of Bash. So, is
-
-7
-00:00:17,950 --> 00:00:22,170
-the architecture, as implemented, of the command component of Bash.
-
-8
-00:00:22,170 --> 00:00:25,390
-And the component is the one here sort of highlighted
-
-9
-00:00:25,390 --> 00:00:28,120
-in gray. And what you can see here, these names are
-
-10
-00:00:28,120 --> 00:00:31,640
-the sub components of the command component. And if we look at
-
-11
-00:00:31,640 --> 00:00:35,000
-this architecture, two design problems of the component can kind of jump
-
-12
-00:00:35,000 --> 00:00:37,870
-at us. The first one is the lack of cohesion within the
-
-13
-00:00:37,870 --> 00:00:40,830
-component. So, if you look here, you can see that only
-
-14
-00:00:40,830 --> 00:00:44,820
-a few connections exist between the sub-components. And having a low cohesion
-
-15
-00:00:44,820 --> 00:00:47,430
-is normally not a good thing for a design. The second thing
-
-16
-00:00:47,430 --> 00:00:50,860
-that we can note is the high coupling. The component has tons
-
-17
-00:00:50,860 --> 00:00:54,200
-of connections with other components. They're, these edges that are
-
-18
-00:00:54,200 --> 00:00:57,890
-leaving the components and going towards other parts of the system.
-
-19
-00:00:57,890 --> 00:01:01,190
-So basically, this component has low cohesion and high coupling, which
-
-20
-00:01:01,190 --> 00:01:04,730
-is exactly the opposite of how a good design should be.
-
-21
-00:01:04,730 --> 00:01:07,410
-Given the structure, it is clear that anytime you change
-
-22
-00:01:07,410 --> 00:01:09,970
-this component you might need to change a bunch of other
-
-23
-00:01:09,970 --> 00:01:13,440
-components in the system. And of course, when changing other components
-
-24
-00:01:13,440 --> 00:01:15,910
-in the system, you might also need to chance the command
-
-25
-00:01:15,910 --> 00:01:19,060
-component as well. And along similar lines, to understand this
-
-26
-00:01:19,060 --> 00:01:21,890
-component you probably need to look at many other parts of
-
-27
-00:01:21,890 --> 00:01:24,690
-the system, which is also less than ideal. And one
-
-28
-00:01:24,690 --> 00:01:27,580
-important point here is that with all these examples, I'm not
-
-29
-00:01:27,580 --> 00:01:30,500
-really trying to criticize any specific system, what I'm trying
-
-30
-00:01:30,500 --> 00:01:34,380
-to show instead, is how complex software architectures can be, and
-
-31
-00:01:34,380 --> 00:01:37,040
-how much they can degrade over time. And this is true
-
-32
-00:01:37,040 --> 00:01:39,660
-for most systems, not just the ones that I showed you.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/14 - Architectural Design Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/14 - Architectural Design Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index e1e95e6..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/14 - Architectural Design Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:02,330
-At this point, we have seen some examples of
-
-2
-00:00:02,330 --> 00:00:05,070
-things that might go wrong with the software architecture. So
-
-3
-00:00:05,070 --> 00:00:07,220
-I'd like to ask you also to recap some of
-
-4
-00:00:07,220 --> 00:00:10,800
-the concepts that we've touched upon. What are ideal characteristics
-
-5
-00:00:10,800 --> 00:00:13,526
-of an architectural design? And I'm showing you three possibilities
-
-6
-00:00:13,526 --> 00:00:16,970
-here: scalability, low cohesion, and low coupling. And some of
-
-7
-00:00:16,970 --> 00:00:20,260
-these concepts we did not explicitly define, but we talked
-
-8
-00:00:20,260 --> 00:00:22,400
-about it when discussing the examples that we just saw.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/15 - Architectural Design Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/15 - Architectural Design Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 465687c..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/15 - Architectural Design Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:02,540
-So, let's look at these three characteristics one by
-
-2
-00:00:02,540 --> 00:00:06,660
-one. Scalability for software architecture is its ability to handle
-
-3
-00:00:06,660 --> 00:00:09,320
-the growth of the software system. For example, for a
-
-4
-00:00:09,320 --> 00:00:12,610
-web based system, scalability could be the ability to handle
-
-5
-00:00:12,610 --> 00:00:15,620
-a larger workload by adding new servers to the system.
-
-6
-00:00:15,620 --> 00:00:19,508
-Scalability is therefore an important characteristic of a software architecture,
-
-7
-00:00:19,508 --> 00:00:21,938
-especially for the kinds of systems that can grow over
-
-8
-00:00:21,938 --> 00:00:24,990
-time. So, we're going to mark it as an ideal characteristic.
-
-9
-00:00:24,990 --> 00:00:27,901
-Cohesion is a measure of how strongly related are
-
-10
-00:00:27,901 --> 00:00:30,920
-the elements of a module. Clearly, we should shoot
-
-11
-00:00:30,920 --> 00:00:33,760
-for high and not low cohesion when developing a
-
-12
-00:00:33,760 --> 00:00:37,100
-system. We want to develop modules whose elements cooperate to
-
-13
-00:00:37,100 --> 00:00:40,480
-provide the specific piece of functionality rather than modules
-
-14
-00:00:40,480 --> 00:00:43,410
-consisting of a bunch of elements that provide different
-
-15
-00:00:43,410 --> 00:00:47,040
-unrelated pieces of functionality. Therefor, low cohesion is definitely
-
-16
-00:00:47,040 --> 00:00:49,980
-not something that we want. We want high cohesion instead.
-
-17
-00:00:49,980 --> 00:00:53,040
-As for coupling, coupling is a concept related to cohesion
-
-18
-00:00:53,040 --> 00:00:55,070
-and is also a measure. In this case though, it
-
-19
-00:00:55,070 --> 00:00:58,130
-is a measure of how strongly related are the different
-
-20
-00:00:58,130 --> 00:01:01,830
-modules in a system. Low coupling, which is often correlated with
-
-21
-00:01:01,830 --> 00:01:05,570
-high cohesion, is an important and ideal characteristic of a
-
-22
-00:01:05,570 --> 00:01:08,660
-software architecture as it indicates that the different modules in
-
-23
-00:01:08,660 --> 00:01:12,220
-the system are independent from one another. Each module provides
-
-24
-00:01:12,220 --> 00:01:15,300
-a specific piece of functionality and it can provide it without
-
-25
-00:01:15,300 --> 00:01:17,530
-relying too much on other modules.
-
-26
-00:01:17,530 --> 00:01:19,960
-Basically, systems characterized by low coupling
-
-27
-00:01:19,960 --> 00:01:23,330
-and high cohesion, are systems that are easier to understand, and to maintain.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/16 - Architectural Elements - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/16 - Architectural Elements - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index c8de83f..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/16 - Architectural Elements - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,170 --> 00:00:02,770
-Now that we have discussed a few foundational aspects
-
-2
-00:00:02,770 --> 00:00:05,410
-of software architectures, and we have looked at some real
-
-3
-00:00:05,410 --> 00:00:07,900
-world examples that help us to illustrate some of these
-
-4
-00:00:07,900 --> 00:00:10,560
-points, to discuss some of these aspects. I want to
-
-5
-00:00:10,560 --> 00:00:13,730
-introduce and define the different elements that compose a software
-
-6
-00:00:13,730 --> 00:00:17,700
-architecture and also talk about architectural styles. So let's start
-
-7
-00:00:17,700 --> 00:00:20,190
-by discussing a software architecture's
-
-8
-00:00:20,190 --> 00:00:22,880
-elements. A software system's architecture
-
-9
-00:00:22,880 --> 00:00:26,690
-typically is not, and should not be, a uniform monolith.
-
-10
-00:00:26,690 --> 00:00:28,770
-On the contrary, an architecture should be a
-
-11
-00:00:28,770 --> 00:00:32,910
-composition and interplay of different elements. In particular,
-
-12
-00:00:32,910 --> 00:00:34,510
-as we quickly mentioned at the beginning of
-
-13
-00:00:34,510 --> 00:00:36,970
-the lesson, there are three main types of elements
-
-14
-00:00:36,970 --> 00:00:40,160
-in an architecture. Processing elements, data elements, and
-
-15
-00:00:40,160 --> 00:00:44,580
-interaction elements. Processing elements are those elements that implement
-
-16
-00:00:44,580 --> 00:00:48,260
-the business logic and perform transformations on data.
-
-17
-00:00:48,260 --> 00:00:51,760
-Data elements, also called information or state, are those
-
-18
-00:00:51,760 --> 00:00:54,180
-elements that contain the information that is used
-
-19
-00:00:54,180 --> 00:00:57,440
-and transformed by the processing elements. And finally,
-
-20
-00:00:57,440 --> 00:01:00,030
-the interaction elements are the glue that holds
-
-21
-00:01:00,030 --> 00:01:02,760
-the different pieces of the architecture together. Now,
-
-22
-00:01:02,760 --> 00:01:06,030
-the processing elements and the data are contained
-
-23
-00:01:06,030 --> 00:01:10,350
-into the system components, whereas the interaction elements
-
-24
-00:01:10,350 --> 00:01:13,900
-are maintained and controlled by the system connectors.
-
-25
-00:01:13,900 --> 00:01:17,100
-And components and connectors get all cooked together
-
-26
-00:01:17,100 --> 00:01:19,980
-into a systems configuration, which models
-
-27
-00:01:19,980 --> 00:01:22,940
-components, connectors and their relationships. So
-
-28
-00:01:22,940 --> 00:01:24,850
-now, let's look at components, connectors
-
-29
-00:01:24,850 --> 00:01:26,770
-and configurations in a little more detail.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/17 - Components, Connectors, and Configurations - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/17 - Components, Connectors, and Configurations - lang_en_vs5.srt
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index 5fc4df3..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/17 - Components, Connectors, and Configurations - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,250 --> 00:00:02,350
-And let's start with software components. A
-
-2
-00:00:02,350 --> 00:00:06,700
-software component is an architectural entity that encapsulates
-
-3
-00:00:06,700 --> 00:00:09,940
-a subset of the system's functionality and or
-
-4
-00:00:09,940 --> 00:00:13,180
-the system's data. So basically components typically provide
-
-5
-00:00:13,180 --> 00:00:16,100
-application specific services. In addition to that, a
-
-6
-00:00:16,100 --> 00:00:19,650
-software component also restricts access to that subset
-
-7
-00:00:19,650 --> 00:00:23,570
-via an explicitly defined interface. And, in addition,
-
-8
-00:00:23,570 --> 00:00:25,610
-which I'm not showing here, a component
-
-9
-00:00:25,610 --> 00:00:28,010
-can also have explicitly defined dependencies
-
-10
-00:00:28,010 --> 00:00:30,990
-on its required execution environment. In complex
-
-11
-00:00:30,990 --> 00:00:33,680
-systems, interactions might become more important and
-
-12
-00:00:33,680 --> 00:00:36,220
-challenging than functionality. And this is why
-
-13
-00:00:36,220 --> 00:00:40,000
-connectors are very important architectural elements. A
-
-14
-00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:42,935
-software connector is an architectural building block
-
-15
-00:00:42,935 --> 00:00:46,990
-tasked with effecting and regulating interactions among
-
-16
-00:00:46,990 --> 00:00:50,980
-components. So basically, connectors typically provide application
-
-17
-00:00:50,980 --> 00:00:54,610
-independent interaction facilities. And it's worth noting here
-
-18
-00:00:54,610 --> 00:00:57,530
-that in many software systems, connectors might simply be
-
-19
-00:00:57,530 --> 00:01:01,140
-procedure calls or shared data accesses. So all constants
-
-20
-00:01:01,140 --> 00:01:03,589
-that we're familiar with. But consider that much more
-
-21
-00:01:03,589 --> 00:01:06,690
-sophisticated and complex connectors are also possible. And
-
-22
-00:01:06,690 --> 00:01:10,310
-components and connectors are composed in a specific way
-
-23
-00:01:10,310 --> 00:01:13,510
-in a given system architecture to accomplish that system's
-
-24
-00:01:13,510 --> 00:01:17,400
-objective And this is expressed through an architectural configuration.
-
-25
-00:01:17,400 --> 00:01:21,070
-More precisely, an architectural configuration, or topology, is a
-
-26
-00:01:21,070 --> 00:01:25,630
-set of specific associations between the components and connectors
-
-27
-00:01:25,630 --> 00:01:28,380
-of a software system's architecture. So now, let's look
-
-28
-00:01:28,380 --> 00:01:30,880
-at an example that brings all of this together.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/18 - Configuration Example - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/18 - Configuration Example - lang_en_vs5.srt
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index 775f11c..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/18 - Configuration Example - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:02,880
-What I'm showing here is what an architectural configuration of
-
-2
-00:00:02,880 --> 00:00:05,460
-a system might look like in practice. And as you
-
-3
-00:00:05,460 --> 00:00:08,560
-can see, the configuration includes a set of components, which
-
-4
-00:00:08,560 --> 00:00:12,200
-are these rectangles over here. The components have various kinds of
-
-5
-00:00:12,200 --> 00:00:15,460
-ports, which are the ones marked here on the components
-
-6
-00:00:15,460 --> 00:00:17,760
-with different graphical representations. And
-
-7
-00:00:17,760 --> 00:00:19,760
-the components communicate through various
-
-8
-00:00:19,760 --> 00:00:22,860
-types of connectors, which are the grey elements here which
-
-9
-00:00:22,860 --> 00:00:25,570
-as you can see are used to connect the different components.
-
-10
-00:00:25,570 --> 00:00:28,180
-And something else that you can notice by looking at
-
-11
-00:00:28,180 --> 00:00:30,720
-this configuration is the fact that you can also have
-
-12
-00:00:30,720 --> 00:00:34,980
-hierarchically decomposable components. For example, if you look at the strategy
-
-13
-00:00:34,980 --> 00:00:39,250
-analyzer component, you can see that it has three subcomponents: one,
-
-14
-00:00:39,250 --> 00:00:42,110
-two, and three and two internal connectors as part of
-
-15
-00:00:42,110 --> 00:00:44,832
-it. And it is worth recalling here that a component
-
-16
-00:00:44,832 --> 00:00:47,152
-diagram as we said when first discussed in UML in
-
-17
-00:00:47,152 --> 00:00:51,230
-the course, can also be used to represent an architectural configuration.
-
-18
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-So sometimes you will see architectural
-
-19
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-configurations represented as UML component diagrams.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/19 - Deployment Architectural Perspective - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/19 - Deployment Architectural Perspective - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 1cc7d89..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/19 - Deployment Architectural Perspective - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:03,100
-A system cannot fulfill its purpose until it is
-
-2
-00:00:03,100 --> 00:00:06,727
-deployed. And deploying a system involves physically placing the
-
-3
-00:00:06,727 --> 00:00:09,960
-system's executable modules on the hardware devices on which
-
-4
-00:00:09,960 --> 00:00:12,490
-they are supposed to run. So when you do that,
-
-5
-00:00:12,490 --> 00:00:16,132
-you're basically mapping your components and connectors to specific
-
-6
-00:00:16,132 --> 00:00:19,810
-hardware elements. Here in this diagram, for instance, I'm
-
-7
-00:00:19,810 --> 00:00:22,160
-showing the same components that we saw in the
-
-8
-00:00:22,160 --> 00:00:25,400
-previous diagram, but we see them deployed on a laptop,
-
-9
-00:00:25,400 --> 00:00:28,620
-which is depicted here in this way, and on two
-
-10
-00:00:28,620 --> 00:00:32,820
-smartphones that are represented here, or PDAs, if you wish.
-
-11
-00:00:32,820 --> 00:00:34,730
-So why do we this, why do we create
-
-12
-00:00:34,730 --> 00:00:38,540
-a deployment perspective for our architecture? Well, because the deployment
-
-13
-00:00:38,540 --> 00:00:41,710
-view of an architecture can be critical in assessing whether
-
-14
-00:00:41,710 --> 00:00:44,920
-the system will be able to satisfy its requirement. Because
-
-15
-00:00:44,920 --> 00:00:47,860
-doing this mapping allows you to discover and assess other
-
-16
-00:00:47,860 --> 00:00:50,840
-characteristics of your system that you might not have considered
-
-17
-00:00:50,840 --> 00:00:53,440
-up to now. For instance, using a deployment view like this
-
-18
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-one and knowing the characteristics of the hardware devices, one might
-
-19
-00:00:57,030 --> 00:01:00,056
-be able to assess the system in terms of available memory.
-
-20
-00:01:00,056 --> 00:01:02,610
-Is there going to be enough memory available to run the system,
-
-21
-00:01:02,610 --> 00:01:06,140
-for example, on this device? Power consumption. Is the power consumption
-
-22
-00:01:06,140 --> 00:01:09,270
-profile going to be larger than what the device can handle?
-
-23
-00:01:09,270 --> 00:01:12,580
-Or again the required network bandwidth. Does the system have enough
-
-24
-00:01:12,580 --> 00:01:16,170
-network bandwidth to enable the required interactions? And so on. So all
-
-25
-00:01:16,170 --> 00:01:19,140
-of these characteristics, all of these qualities, you can assess when
-
-26
-00:01:19,140 --> 00:01:22,730
-you do this final mapping of the components to the hardware elements.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/2 - Interview with Nenad Medvidovic - lang_en_vs6.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/2 - Interview with Nenad Medvidovic - lang_en_vs6.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 40fa57c..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/2 - Interview with Nenad Medvidovic - lang_en_vs6.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,499 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,220 --> 00:00:02,900
-Because the topic of today's lecture is software architecture,
-
-2
-00:00:02,900 --> 00:00:05,390
-it seemed appropriate to start the lesson by asking a
-
-3
-00:00:05,390 --> 00:00:08,960
-world expert on this topic, what is software architecture, and
-
-4
-00:00:08,960 --> 00:00:11,570
-why it is important. To do that, let's fly to
-
-5
-00:00:11,570 --> 00:00:14,910
-California, and more precisely, Los Angeles, and visit Professor
-
-6
-00:00:14,910 --> 00:00:19,540
-Nenad Medvidovic. Hi, I'm here visiting Professor Nenad Medvidovic from
-
-7
-00:00:19,540 --> 00:00:22,310
-the University of Southern California. And Neno is one of
-
-8
-00:00:22,310 --> 00:00:25,250
-the world experts in software architecture, actually one of the
-
-9
-00:00:25,250 --> 00:00:28,300
-authors of, of a recent book which is, sort of the
-
-10
-00:00:28,300 --> 00:00:31,660
-book in software architecture. What I would like to discuss with
-
-11
-00:00:31,660 --> 00:00:34,500
-Neno is the concept of software architecture and its importance. Because
-
-12
-00:00:34,500 --> 00:00:37,520
-people are very familiar with the idea and the cost of the
-
-13
-00:00:37,520 --> 00:00:41,240
-design. And software architecture is something is very related to that,
-
-14
-00:00:41,240 --> 00:00:43,690
-but is less known. So I would like for Nenad to
-
-15
-00:00:43,690 --> 00:00:46,350
-elaborate on that, and tell us why is it important to
-
-16
-00:00:46,350 --> 00:00:49,880
-focus also on this specific you know, architectural aspects of the software.
-
-17
-00:00:49,880 --> 00:00:50,380
-&gt;&gt; When you
-
-18
-00:00:50,380 --> 00:00:53,220
-build any software system, even a simple, relatively simple
-
-19
-00:00:53,220 --> 00:00:56,840
-one. You're going to go through, a process of making
-
-20
-00:00:56,840 --> 00:01:00,070
-many, many design decisions. Hundreds or thousands sometimes even tens
-
-21
-00:01:00,070 --> 00:01:03,140
-of thousands of design decisions, so any program that you
-
-22
-00:01:03,140 --> 00:01:06,090
-write at some point you get to deciding what
-
-23
-00:01:06,090 --> 00:01:09,385
-the interface of a particular method is going to be.
-
-24
-00:01:09,385 --> 00:01:12,170
-Are you're going to put in a parameter that is
-
-25
-00:01:12,170 --> 00:01:15,530
-an integer or a float. When you're writing your routine
-
-26
-00:01:15,530 --> 00:01:17,400
-about some sort you have to decide whether you're
-
-27
-00:01:17,400 --> 00:01:18,900
-going to use a static data structure or a
-
-28
-00:01:18,900 --> 00:01:22,410
-dynamic data structure. All these things are design decisions.
-
-29
-00:01:22,410 --> 00:01:25,770
-Many of them however, will typically, in the average
-
-30
-00:01:25,770 --> 00:01:29,030
-case, not really impact the success of your system
-
-31
-00:01:29,030 --> 00:01:31,640
-and the long term well-being of your system. But
-
-32
-00:01:31,640 --> 00:01:35,390
-typically the things that software engineers start struggling with
-
-33
-00:01:35,390 --> 00:01:40,760
-are other design decisions. Design decisions that are the equivalent
-
-34
-00:01:40,760 --> 00:01:42,080
-of load baring walls in a building
-
-35
-00:01:42,080 --> 00:01:42,660
-&gt;&gt; Mm hm
-
-36
-00:01:42,660 --> 00:01:43,950
-&gt;&gt; These are the things that, if you
-
-37
-00:01:43,950 --> 00:01:45,960
-don't get them right, or if you compromise
-
-38
-00:01:45,960 --> 00:01:50,190
-them, will in fact potentially impact how the
-
-39
-00:01:50,190 --> 00:01:54,300
-system operates. They might result in failures of different
-
-40
-00:01:54,300 --> 00:01:56,780
-kinds. They may result in a system that
-
-41
-00:01:56,780 --> 00:01:59,460
-is not easily maintainable and so forth. In
-
-42
-00:01:59,460 --> 00:02:01,680
-a sense, to make a long story short,
-
-43
-00:02:01,680 --> 00:02:05,888
-architectural design decisions are really the principle design decisions
-
-44
-00:02:05,888 --> 00:02:07,900
-in your system. These are the things that are
-
-45
-00:02:07,900 --> 00:02:10,550
-very important. All of the other design decisions you
-
-46
-00:02:10,550 --> 00:02:13,520
-could sort of tag with being important, but they're
-
-47
-00:02:13,520 --> 00:02:17,730
-sort of below this very important or highly important threshold.
-
-48
-00:02:17,730 --> 00:02:21,400
-&gt;&gt; So if you need to change a low level design decision, sometimes
-
-49
-00:02:21,400 --> 00:02:23,970
-it's kind of easy to do. It might change a little structure. Is it
-
-50
-00:02:23,970 --> 00:02:27,140
-the case that you know, being the architecture is sort of the pillar of
-
-51
-00:02:27,140 --> 00:02:29,020
-the software, is that going to be much
-
-52
-00:02:29,020 --> 00:02:32,380
-more difficult to change an architectural decision?
-
-53
-00:02:32,380 --> 00:02:34,400
-And architecture is deemed to be you know,
-
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-00:02:34,400 --> 00:02:36,120
-say if you start with the wrong architecture the
-
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-00:02:36,120 --> 00:02:39,510
-software is going to, you know, necessarily be unsuccessful.
-
-56
-00:02:39,510 --> 00:02:41,320
-Or you can also do something that is better.
-
-57
-00:02:41,320 --> 00:02:46,070
-&gt;&gt; A system could be successful and very poorly architected. Just
-
-58
-00:02:46,070 --> 00:02:50,630
-like a building or an airplane or a car, any other
-
-59
-00:02:50,630 --> 00:02:54,700
-engineering artifact could be successful but poorly architected. So success we
-
-60
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-can separated from this, but the, the point that you make in
-
-61
-00:02:57,440 --> 00:03:00,530
-asking this question is an important one. The
-
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-non-architectural design decisions, should be on the
-
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-average, there are exceptions and we need to
-
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-acknowledge that there is no one size fits all
-
-65
-00:03:09,580 --> 00:03:11,640
-type of solution for anything in software engineering
-
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-really. But on the average, the non-architectural design decisions,
-
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-should be much easier to make. So the
-
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-scale of the consequences of making such a change.
-
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-Really can vary from very minor, highly localized
-
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-00:03:25,880 --> 00:03:29,670
-to very important and sometimes, even system wide.
-
-71
-00:03:29,670 --> 00:03:33,570
-&gt;&gt; To conclude, I just like to ask you about some concept that is
-
-72
-00:03:33,570 --> 00:03:35,110
-we here about a lot. Which is
-
-73
-00:03:35,110 --> 00:03:37,430
-architectural erosion. Since, we're talking about in with
-
-74
-00:03:37,430 --> 00:03:39,760
-fine architecture and software evolution. So, what is,
-
-75
-00:03:39,760 --> 00:03:42,090
-exactly, an architectural erosion and why does that
-
-76
-00:03:42,090 --> 00:03:47,600
-happen? So, to go back to our non software metaphors. Imagine you buy a car.
-
-77
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-And your car has four wheels, it has a steering wheel, it has
-
-78
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-a nice chassis, it looks pretty nice. At one point, you end up
-
-79
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-replacing its 150 horsepower engine with
-
-80
-00:03:54,950 --> 00:03:56,800
-a 250 horsepower engine because that's what
-
-81
-00:03:56,800 --> 00:04:01,510
-you want. And you start putting a spoiler on the back of the car
-
-82
-00:04:01,510 --> 00:04:04,680
-and then you replace the headlights. And then you replace the side view
-
-83
-00:04:04,680 --> 00:04:08,000
-mirrors with smaller ones because you want your car to be more aerodynamic.
-
-84
-00:04:08,000 --> 00:04:10,620
-And then you start tinkering with other things, like you cut the, maybe
-
-85
-00:04:10,620 --> 00:04:13,380
-the roof of the car because you want to turn it into a convertible,
-
-86
-00:04:13,380 --> 00:04:15,990
-et cetera. And in the end, what you have is
-
-87
-00:04:15,990 --> 00:04:19,810
-a car that is still your car. Looks very different, It's
-
-88
-00:04:19,810 --> 00:04:23,650
-structural and behavioral properties are very different And, what you
-
-89
-00:04:23,650 --> 00:04:27,260
-might find is that the car doesn't handle nearly as well.
-
-90
-00:04:27,260 --> 00:04:29,670
-For example, in a very sharp turn it might not
-
-91
-00:04:29,670 --> 00:04:31,910
-be able to negotiate a steep hill as well. Because you
-
-92
-00:04:31,910 --> 00:04:35,760
-pretty much changed it all along the way. Architectural erosion in
-
-93
-00:04:35,760 --> 00:04:38,620
-the case of a software system is the exact same thing
-
-94
-00:04:38,620 --> 00:04:41,480
-with one huge caveat. Very few, if any of us,
-
-95
-00:04:41,480 --> 00:04:44,970
-will ever put a new engine into our car or tinker
-
-96
-00:04:44,970 --> 00:04:47,390
-with the structural soundness of the car by cutting off the
-
-97
-00:04:47,390 --> 00:04:50,260
-roof etc. In a software system we do it all the
-
-98
-00:04:50,260 --> 00:04:53,530
-time. We'll add a feature. We'll change one bit of the
-
-99
-00:04:53,530 --> 00:04:57,088
-user interface here. We'll port it to a new platform, some
-
-100
-00:04:57,088 --> 00:05:00,990
-kind of a, a mobile platform, for example. And pretty soon,
-
-101
-00:05:00,990 --> 00:05:03,750
-what you end up with is really a software system that,
-
-102
-00:05:03,750 --> 00:05:06,990
-that is maybe a distant relative of your original
-
-103
-00:05:06,990 --> 00:05:10,500
-system. It is a mutant in many ways, because often
-
-104
-00:05:10,500 --> 00:05:12,986
-times these little tinkerings happen on a one off
-
-105
-00:05:12,986 --> 00:05:15,610
-basis. There is no over-arching vision of how you should
-
-106
-00:05:15,610 --> 00:05:19,060
-do this. So, you are basically going through a
-
-107
-00:05:19,060 --> 00:05:21,980
-subsequent set of steps where you are making locally optimal
-
-108
-00:05:21,980 --> 00:05:25,240
-decisions for any one of these changes and what
-
-109
-00:05:25,240 --> 00:05:29,140
-you might end up finding is that the globally optimal
-
-110
-00:05:29,140 --> 00:05:32,100
-behavior of the system is badly compromised. The structural
-
-111
-00:05:32,100 --> 00:05:34,952
-soundness in a sense of the system badly compromised.
-
-112
-00:05:34,952 --> 00:05:38,510
-The non-functional properties of the system could be seriously
-
-113
-00:05:38,510 --> 00:05:42,390
-affected. This is how security flaws creep into systems. This
-
-114
-00:05:42,390 --> 00:05:44,250
-is how reliability flaws. This is how we use
-
-115
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-the usability of a system often times suffers. And most
-
-116
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-importantly for software engineers, the people who actually build the
-
-117
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-software, the maintainability of the system becomes a huge problem.
-
-118
-00:05:54,950 --> 00:05:59,130
-Because now you're looking at this thing, it's got all these various appendages,
-
-119
-00:05:59,130 --> 00:06:03,170
-its original design has pretty badly eroded and yet somehow you have to
-
-120
-00:06:03,170 --> 00:06:06,850
-figure out how to keep fixing it. Making sure that it operates in
-
-121
-00:06:06,850 --> 00:06:11,380
-a continuous fashion because many of these systems live for 20, 30, 40 years.
-
-122
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-&gt;&gt; Thank you so much for your insight; it is a perfect
-
-123
-00:06:13,840 --> 00:06:16,500
-introduction for our lesson. So we'll get to the lesson now. And.
-
-124
-00:06:16,500 --> 00:06:17,920
-&gt;&gt; Thank you very much.
-
-125
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-&gt;&gt; Thank you.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/20 - Architectural Styles - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/20 - Architectural Styles - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index b4ee115..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/20 - Architectural Styles - lang_en_vs5.srt	
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@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,210 --> 00:00:01,569
-The last topic I want to cover in
-
-2
-00:00:01,569 --> 00:00:04,939
-this lesson is architectural styles. So, let's see
-
-3
-00:00:04,939 --> 00:00:07,400
-what those architectural styles are. There are certain
-
-4
-00:00:07,400 --> 00:00:10,240
-design choices that when applied in a given context
-
-5
-00:00:10,240 --> 00:00:14,420
-regularly result in solutions with superior properties. What
-
-6
-00:00:14,420 --> 00:00:17,290
-this means is that, compared to other possible alternatives,
-
-7
-00:00:17,290 --> 00:00:20,952
-these solutions are more elegant, effective, efficient, dependable,
-
-8
-00:00:20,952 --> 00:00:25,560
-evolve-able, scale-able, and so on. Architectural styles capture exactly
-
-9
-00:00:25,560 --> 00:00:28,490
-these solutions. They capture idioms that we can
-
-10
-00:00:28,490 --> 00:00:30,870
-use when designing a system. For a more formal
-
-11
-00:00:30,870 --> 00:00:34,160
-definition, let's look how Mary Shaw and David Garlan
-
-12
-00:00:34,160 --> 00:00:37,480
-define a architectural style. They say that an architectural
-
-13
-00:00:37,480 --> 00:00:40,000
-style defines a family of systems in terms
-
-14
-00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:43,550
-of a pattern of structural organization; a vocabulary of
-
-15
-00:00:43,550 --> 00:00:47,880
-components and connectors and constraints on how these components
-
-16
-00:00:47,880 --> 00:00:50,620
-and connectors can be combined. So in summary we
-
-17
-00:00:50,620 --> 00:00:53,650
-can say that an architectural style is a named collection
-
-18
-00:00:53,650 --> 00:00:57,680
-of architectural design decisions applicable in a given context. And I
-
-19
-00:00:57,680 --> 00:01:00,100
-want to stress that it is important to study and
-
-20
-00:01:00,100 --> 00:01:04,670
-know these architectural styles for several reasons. Because knowing them allows
-
-21
-00:01:04,670 --> 00:01:07,660
-us to avoid reinventing the wheel. It also allows us
-
-22
-00:01:07,660 --> 00:01:10,330
-to choose the right solution to a known problem and in
-
-23
-00:01:10,330 --> 00:01:12,910
-some cases it even allows us to move on and
-
-24
-00:01:12,910 --> 00:01:16,400
-discover even more advanced styles if we know the basic ones.
-
-25
-00:01:16,400 --> 00:01:19,340
-So we should be familiar with architectural styles, what
-
-26
-00:01:19,340 --> 00:01:22,000
-they are, and in which context they work, and
-
-27
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-in which context they do not work. So as
-
-28
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-to be able to apply them in the right situations.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/21 - Types of Architectural Styles - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/21 - Types of Architectural Styles - lang_en_vs5.srt
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-1
-00:00:00,130 --> 00:00:02,410
-So what does it mean to know architectural styles? There
-
-2
-00:00:02,410 --> 00:00:06,390
-are many many, many architectural styles. So we cannot cover them
-
-3
-00:00:06,390 --> 00:00:08,730
-all here. What I want to do instead is, I want to
-
-4
-00:00:08,730 --> 00:00:10,960
-mention a few of those. And then I want to go in
-
-5
-00:00:10,960 --> 00:00:13,300
-more depth, on one of them. So the first item I
-
-6
-00:00:13,300 --> 00:00:17,420
-want to mention is pipes and filters. And pipes and filters indicate
-
-7
-00:00:17,420 --> 00:00:21,110
-an architectural style in which a chain of processing elements, which
-
-8
-00:00:21,110 --> 00:00:25,410
-can be processes, threads, co-routines, is arranged so that the output
-
-9
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-of each element is the input of the next one
-
-10
-00:00:28,420 --> 00:00:31,840
-and usually with some buffering in between consecutive elements. A
-
-11
-00:00:31,840 --> 00:00:34,120
-typical example of this, if you're familiar with Unix are
-
-12
-00:00:34,120 --> 00:00:37,900
-Unix pipes, that you can use to concatenate Unix commands.
-
-13
-00:00:37,900 --> 00:00:40,310
-Another style I want to mention is the event driven
-
-14
-00:00:40,310 --> 00:00:43,540
-one. An event driven system typically consists of event
-
-15
-00:00:43,540 --> 00:00:46,590
-emittors, like the alarm over here, and event consumers, like
-
-16
-00:00:46,590 --> 00:00:50,720
-the fire truck, down here, and consumers are notified when events
-
-17
-00:00:50,720 --> 00:00:53,810
-of interest occurr and have the responsibility of reacting
-
-18
-00:00:53,810 --> 00:00:56,676
-to those events. A typical example will be a GUI,
-
-19
-00:00:56,676 --> 00:00:59,950
-in which widgets generate events and listeners listen to those
-
-20
-00:00:59,950 --> 00:01:02,550
-events and react to them. For example, they react to
-
-21
-00:01:02,550 --> 00:01:05,060
-the push of a button. A very commonly used
-
-22
-00:01:05,060 --> 00:01:09,250
-architectural style is Publish-subscribe, represented by the paper boy. Over
-
-23
-00:01:09,250 --> 00:01:12,420
-here. And this is an architectural style in which senders
-
-24
-00:01:12,420 --> 00:01:15,870
-of messages, they're called publishers, do not send messages directly
-
-25
-00:01:15,870 --> 00:01:19,330
-to specific recievers. Instead, they publish messages with one
-
-26
-00:01:19,330 --> 00:01:22,530
-or more associated texts without knowledge of who will
-
-27
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-receive such messages. Similarly subscribers will express interest in
-
-28
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-one or more tags. And will only receive messages of
-
-29
-00:01:29,340 --> 00:01:32,095
-interest according to such tags. A typical example of
-
-30
-00:01:32,095 --> 00:01:35,240
-a publish-subscribe system, will be Twitter. And I'm pretty
-
-31
-00:01:35,240 --> 00:01:36,835
-sure that most of you are familiar with the
-
-32
-00:01:36,835 --> 00:01:41,170
-client-server architecture. In which computers in a network, assume one
-
-33
-00:01:41,170 --> 00:01:43,930
-of two roles. The server provides the resources and
-
-34
-00:01:43,930 --> 00:01:47,630
-functionality. And the client initiates contact with the server,
-
-35
-00:01:47,630 --> 00:01:50,920
-and requests the use of those resources and functionality.
-
-36
-00:01:50,920 --> 00:01:53,340
-Also in this case, a typical example would be
-
-37
-00:01:53,340 --> 00:01:56,470
-email, in which an email server provides email storage
-
-38
-00:01:56,470 --> 00:01:59,390
-and management capabilities, and an email client will use
-
-39
-00:01:59,390 --> 00:02:02,580
-those capabilities. You may also be familiar with peer-to-peer,
-
-40
-00:02:02,580 --> 00:02:06,530
-or P2P, systems. A P2P system is a type
-
-41
-00:02:06,530 --> 00:02:10,850
-of decentralized and distributed network system in which individual nodes
-
-42
-00:02:10,850 --> 00:02:14,220
-in the network, that are called peers, act as independent
-
-43
-00:02:14,220 --> 00:02:17,940
-agents that are both suppliers and consumers of resources. This
-
-44
-00:02:17,940 --> 00:02:20,700
-is in contrast to the centralized client-server model, where client
-
-45
-00:02:20,700 --> 00:02:23,660
-nodes interact with the central authority. And I'm not going to
-
-46
-00:02:23,660 --> 00:02:26,030
-say anything more about peer-to-peer, because I'm going to show you
-
-47
-00:02:26,030 --> 00:02:28,940
-two examples, of peer-to-peer systems in the rest of the
-
-48
-00:02:28,940 --> 00:02:32,040
-lesson. And you probably have at least heard of rest.
-
-49
-00:02:32,040 --> 00:02:33,990
-Which in this case is not an invitation to
-
-50
-00:02:33,990 --> 00:02:36,970
-relax as the graphic might indicate. But rather stands for
-
-51
-00:02:36,970 --> 00:02:41,400
-Representational State Transfer. REST is a hybrid architectural style
-
-52
-00:02:41,400 --> 00:02:45,150
-for distributed hypermedia systems, that is derived from several other
-
-53
-00:02:45,150 --> 00:02:48,210
-network based architectural styles. And that is characterized by
-
-54
-00:02:48,210 --> 00:02:51,970
-uniform connector interface, and even if I'm not going to say
-
-55
-00:02:51,970 --> 00:02:54,230
-anything else about the rest, I wanted to mention
-
-56
-00:02:54,230 --> 00:02:57,440
-it, because it is an extremely well known architectural style.
-
-57
-00:02:57,440 --> 00:02:59,300
-And the reason for this is that REST is
-
-58
-00:02:59,300 --> 00:03:03,310
-very widely used, because it is basically the architectural style
-
-59
-00:03:03,310 --> 00:03:06,050
-that governs the world wide web. So we use it
-
-60
-00:03:06,050 --> 00:03:08,330
-all the time when we browse the internet, for instance.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/22 - Architectural Styles Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/22 - Architectural Styles Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
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@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,090 --> 00:00:02,630
-Consider now the following architectural styles
-
-2
-00:00:02,630 --> 00:00:04,356
-that we just saw: pipes and filters,
-
-3
-00:00:04,356 --> 00:00:09,310
-event-driven, publish-subscribe, client-server, peer-to-peer, and rest.
-
-4
-00:00:09,310 --> 00:00:11,150
-I'm showing you here, a list of
-
-5
-00:00:11,150 --> 00:00:15,220
-four different systems, and I would like for you to mark here which
-
-6
-00:00:15,220 --> 00:00:18,750
-architectural style, or styles, characterize Each of
-
-7
-00:00:18,750 --> 00:00:21,510
-these systems. Again, mark all that apply.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/23 - Architectural Styles Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/23 - Architectural Styles Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt
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@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:02,680
-Okay, let's start with the Android Operating System. The Android
-
-2
-00:00:02,680 --> 00:00:07,170
-system, heavily based on the generation and handling of events,
-
-3
-00:00:07,170 --> 00:00:10,640
-so it is mostly an event driven system. However, it
-
-4
-00:00:10,640 --> 00:00:13,870
-also has some elements of publish, subscribe, in the way
-
-5
-00:00:13,870 --> 00:00:17,480
-elements in the system can register for elements of interest.
-
-6
-00:00:17,480 --> 00:00:20,570
-So we can mark both styles here. So what about
-
-7
-00:00:20,570 --> 00:00:23,449
-Skype? We haven't discussed Skype yet. So here we probably
-
-8
-00:00:23,449 --> 00:00:25,019
-had to take a little bit of a wild guess.
-
-9
-00:00:25,019 --> 00:00:27,068
-But as we will see in more detail in the
-
-10
-00:00:27,068 --> 00:00:29,736
-rest of the lesson. Skype is mainly a peer to
-
-11
-00:00:29,736 --> 00:00:34,035
-peer architecture, with some minimal elements of a client server
-
-12
-00:00:34,035 --> 00:00:37,770
-architecture. For example, when you start Skype and sign in
-
-13
-00:00:37,770 --> 00:00:40,420
-to a conceptually centralized server. So let's move to the
-
-14
-00:00:40,420 --> 00:00:42,930
-World Wide Web. As we just discussed, the Word Wide
-
-15
-00:00:42,930 --> 00:00:46,255
-Web is based on a rest architecture. And because rest
-
-16
-00:00:46,255 --> 00:00:50,170
-style, is a hybrid derived from other architectural styles, including the
-
-17
-00:00:50,170 --> 00:00:53,960
-client server architectural styles. Both of those styles apply here.
-
-18
-00:00:53,960 --> 00:00:57,465
-And finally Dropbox is by and large, a client server
-
-19
-00:00:57,465 --> 00:01:01,904
-architecture. As conceptually, we upload our documents to a Dropbox
-
-20
-00:01:01,904 --> 00:01:05,370
-central server, and get the files from the same server.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/24 - P2P Architectures - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/24 - P2P Architectures - lang_en_vs5.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/24 - P2P Architectures - lang_en_vs5.srt	
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@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,170 --> 00:00:02,110
-We're not going to be able to study indepth
-
-2
-00:00:02,110 --> 00:00:05,590
-any of the architectural styles that we just discussed. However, I
-
-3
-00:00:05,590 --> 00:00:08,790
-want to at least discuss two representative examples of P2P
-
-4
-00:00:08,790 --> 00:00:12,100
-architectures. Because, these are systems that you probably used, or at
-
-5
-00:00:12,100 --> 00:00:14,090
-least, you used one of them. And, they will allow
-
-6
-00:00:14,090 --> 00:00:17,590
-me to highlight some interesting points. So, as we just mentioned,
-
-7
-00:00:17,590 --> 00:00:22,450
-P2P systems are decentralized resource sharing and discovery systems. And the
-
-8
-00:00:22,450 --> 00:00:25,370
-two systems that I want to discuss, and that are representative
-
-9
-00:00:25,370 --> 00:00:29,630
-of this kind of architectures, are Napster and Skype. And you may or
-
-10
-00:00:29,630 --> 00:00:32,920
-may not be familiar with Napster, but I'm pretty sure that you know Skype.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/25 - Napster Example - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/25 - Napster Example - lang_en_vs4.srt
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@@ -1,231 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:03,160
-So let's start by considering Napster. In it's first
-
-2
-00:00:03,160 --> 00:00:07,210
-incarnation, Napster was a peer-to-peer file sharing system. And
-
-3
-00:00:07,210 --> 00:00:10,200
-it was mostly used, actually, to illegally share mp3s.
-
-4
-00:00:10,200 --> 00:00:12,630
-Which is also why it got sued and later
-
-5
-00:00:12,630 --> 00:00:16,129
-on, it basically ceased operations. But nevertheless, I think
-
-6
-00:00:16,129 --> 00:00:19,710
-Napster is an interesting example of mixed architecture. And
-
-7
-00:00:19,710 --> 00:00:22,020
-I'm going to illustrate the way Napster works by showing
-
-8
-00:00:22,020 --> 00:00:25,820
-you, here, the basic configuration of Napster and the interactions
-
-9
-00:00:25,820 --> 00:00:28,950
-between its elements. So let's look at how such interaction
-
-10
-00:00:28,950 --> 00:00:32,250
-can take place for the three peers shown here. And
-
-11
-00:00:32,250 --> 00:00:34,430
-in this case Peer A and B are the only
-
-12
-00:00:34,430 --> 00:00:37,290
-ones really involved in the action. So let's look at
-
-13
-00:00:37,290 --> 00:00:40,700
-a typical sequence of events for the Napster system. We
-
-14
-00:00:40,700 --> 00:00:44,340
-have Peer A that will start by registering, here, with
-
-15
-00:00:44,340 --> 00:00:47,530
-the content directory. Peer B will also register with the
-
-16
-00:00:47,530 --> 00:00:50,970
-content directory. And when these two peers register, the content directory
-
-17
-00:00:50,970 --> 00:00:54,370
-will know what kind of content they can provide. Later on,
-
-18
-00:00:54,370 --> 00:00:57,660
-Peer A will request a song. And one first observation that
-
-19
-00:00:57,660 --> 00:01:00,550
-we can make, based on this interaction, is the fact that,
-
-20
-00:01:00,550 --> 00:01:03,900
-up to now, this is a purely client-server system. This is
-
-21
-00:01:03,900 --> 00:01:06,530
-the client. This is the client. And this is the server.
-
-22
-00:01:06,530 --> 00:01:10,320
-And the interaction is a typical client-server interaction. But now we're
-
-23
-00:01:10,320 --> 00:01:12,410
-at the point in which things start to change a little
-
-24
-00:01:12,410 --> 00:01:16,008
-bit. At this point, after Peer A has requested the song,
-
-25
-00:01:16,008 --> 00:01:18,820
-the peer and content directory will look up its
-
-26
-00:01:18,820 --> 00:01:22,730
-gigantic index and will see that Peer B actually has
-
-27
-00:01:22,730 --> 00:01:24,850
-the song that Peer A requested. So it will
-
-28
-00:01:24,850 --> 00:01:27,690
-send to Peer A a handle that Peer A can
-
-29
-00:01:27,690 --> 00:01:31,052
-use to connect directly to Peer B. So this
-
-30
-00:01:31,052 --> 00:01:34,540
-is where the system is no longer a client-server system.
-
-31
-00:01:34,540 --> 00:01:37,890
-Because at this point, the two peers are connected directly.
-
-32
-00:01:37,890 --> 00:01:41,000
-So at this point, we have a peer-to-peer interaction. And,
-
-33
-00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:43,770
-after getting the request from Peer A, then Peer B
-
-34
-00:01:43,770 --> 00:01:47,170
-will start sending the content to Peer A. And I said
-
-35
-00:01:47,170 --> 00:01:50,660
-earlier that one of the useful things about representing an
-
-36
-00:01:50,660 --> 00:01:52,440
-architecture and interaction within an
-
-37
-00:01:52,440 --> 00:01:54,580
-architecture graphically, is the fact that
-
-38
-00:01:54,580 --> 00:01:57,550
-it allows you to spot possible problems. And in this
-
-39
-00:01:57,550 --> 00:02:00,666
-case, by representing the Napster architecture in this way, and by
-
-40
-00:02:00,666 --> 00:02:03,300
-studying how things work, we can see that there's an
-
-41
-00:02:03,300 --> 00:02:06,010
-issue with the architecture of Napster that will not make this
-
-42
-00:02:06,010 --> 00:02:10,020
-architecture scale. As some of you might have already noticed, this peer
-
-43
-00:02:10,020 --> 00:02:13,720
-and content directory is a single point of failure, and is very
-
-44
-00:02:13,720 --> 00:02:17,230
-likely to cause problems when the number of peers grows too large.
-
-45
-00:02:17,230 --> 00:02:19,890
-Because at that point, there are going to be too many requests to
-
-46
-00:02:19,890 --> 00:02:22,840
-the peer and content directory, and the peer and content directory is
-
-47
-00:02:22,840 --> 00:02:25,460
-unlikely to be able to keep up with all the requests. So
-
-48
-00:02:25,460 --> 00:02:27,840
-some changes in the architecture will have to be made. In the
-
-49
-00:02:27,840 --> 00:02:31,310
-case of Napster, we didn't see this problem occurring because, as I said
-
-50
-00:02:31,310 --> 00:02:34,420
-earlier, Napster got sued and ceased operation before the problem
-
-51
-00:02:34,420 --> 00:02:37,650
-actually manifested. Now looking at the system for an architecture-style
-
-52
-00:02:37,650 --> 00:02:40,560
-perspective, we can see that Napster was a hybrid architecture
-
-53
-00:02:40,560 --> 00:02:43,920
-with both client-server and peer-to-peer elements. And something I would
-
-54
-00:02:43,920 --> 00:02:45,870
-like to stress here, is that this is not at
-
-55
-00:02:45,870 --> 00:02:49,400
-all uncommon. So in real world nontrivial architectures, it is
-
-56
-00:02:49,400 --> 00:02:52,470
-very common to see multiple styles used in the same
-
-57
-00:02:52,470 --> 00:02:56,209
-system. The next system that we will consider, Skype, is instead,
-
-58
-00:02:56,209 --> 00:02:59,885
-an example of a well-designed, almost purely peer-to-peer system.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/26 - Skype Example - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/26 - Skype Example - lang_en_vs5.srt
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-1
-00:00:00,220 --> 00:00:03,040
-So even if you're too young to have used Napster,
-
-2
-00:00:03,040 --> 00:00:06,150
-I'm pretty sure that most of you know and use Skype,
-
-3
-00:00:06,150 --> 00:00:10,180
-a Voice Over IP and instant messaging service. Many of
-
-4
-00:00:10,180 --> 00:00:13,790
-you, however, probably don't know how Skype works. To understand that,
-
-5
-00:00:13,790 --> 00:00:16,360
-let's have a look at Skype's architecture, which I'm sketching
-
-6
-00:00:16,360 --> 00:00:19,890
-here, and which is a peer-to-peer architecture with a small twist.
-
-7
-00:00:19,890 --> 00:00:22,300
-So first of all, by looking at the architecture we can
-
-8
-00:00:22,300 --> 00:00:25,600
-see that whereas Napster was a client-server system with an element
-
-9
-00:00:25,600 --> 00:00:29,960
-of peer-to-peer, Skype is a much more decentralized system. Why
-
-10
-00:00:29,960 --> 00:00:31,940
-is that? Well, if we look here, we can see
-
-11
-00:00:31,940 --> 00:00:34,720
-that there is a login server -- this node over
-
-12
-00:00:34,720 --> 00:00:38,670
-here -- and that means that every Skype user has to register
-
-13
-00:00:38,670 --> 00:00:42,000
-with this centralized service. But that's the only interaction of
-
-14
-00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:44,930
-this kind within Skype. After you log in, all you
-
-15
-00:00:44,930 --> 00:00:47,580
-get is a connection through a super node like this
-
-16
-00:00:47,580 --> 00:00:50,760
-one. So, what are super nodes? Super nodes are highly reliable
-
-17
-00:00:50,760 --> 00:00:54,680
-nodes with high bandwidth that are not behind a firewall
-
-18
-00:00:54,680 --> 00:00:58,180
-and that runs Skype regularly, which means that nodes that shut
-
-19
-00:00:58,180 --> 00:01:01,540
-down Skype occasionally will not qualify as super nodes. And one
-
-20
-00:01:01,540 --> 00:01:04,239
-interesting thing about super nodes is that they're not owned by
-
-21
-00:01:04,239 --> 00:01:07,990
-Skype. They're just regular nodes that get promoted by Skype to
-
-22
-00:01:07,990 --> 00:01:11,500
-super nodes, and that know about each other. So basically Skype
-
-23
-00:01:11,500 --> 00:01:13,710
-has an algorithm that looks at the nodes in the system
-
-24
-00:01:13,710 --> 00:01:15,880
-and decides whether a node can be a super node or
-
-25
-00:01:15,880 --> 00:01:18,932
-not based on its characteristics. So now that we've discussed
-
-26
-00:01:18,932 --> 00:01:22,040
-super nodes, let's see what will happen if peer two wanted
-
-27
-00:01:22,040 --> 00:01:25,091
-to communicate with peer three. So let's represent this by
-
-28
-00:01:25,091 --> 00:01:27,956
-creating a dashed line between peer two and peer three. In
-
-29
-00:01:27,956 --> 00:01:30,980
-this case, peer two will contact this super node, which
-
-30
-00:01:30,980 --> 00:01:33,750
-is super node A. And super node A, based on its
-
-31
-00:01:33,750 --> 00:01:36,570
-knowledge of the Skype network and the position of the super
-
-32
-00:01:36,570 --> 00:01:40,930
-nodes, will contact and route the communication through super node C,
-
-33
-00:01:40,930 --> 00:01:44,100
-which will in turn route the communication to peer three.
-
-34
-00:01:44,100 --> 00:01:46,620
-And in that way peer two and peer three will be
-
-35
-00:01:46,620 --> 00:01:50,740
-able to communicate with each other. And this will happen just
-
-36
-00:01:50,740 --> 00:01:53,970
-as if peer two and peer three were connected directly, as
-
-37
-00:01:53,970 --> 00:01:57,760
-peers, even though the communication goes through two super nodes. Another
-
-38
-00:01:57,760 --> 00:02:00,470
-thing that is important to know about the behavior of Skype
-
-39
-00:02:00,470 --> 00:02:03,760
-is that, if the link between super nodes A and C
-
-40
-00:02:03,760 --> 00:02:05,950
-were to go down. So let's assume that there is a
-
-41
-00:02:05,950 --> 00:02:10,840
-problem with this link, then Skype will automatically, or automagically
-
-42
-00:02:10,840 --> 00:02:14,550
-reroute the communication through super node B, which will in
-
-43
-00:02:14,550 --> 00:02:17,950
-turn reroute it super node C, which will again reroute
-
-44
-00:02:17,950 --> 00:02:20,020
-to peer three. So peer two and three will still
-
-45
-00:02:20,020 --> 00:02:22,550
-be connected, but this time they will be going through
-
-46
-00:02:22,550 --> 00:02:25,620
-three super nodes. And just in case you wondered, this
-
-47
-00:02:25,620 --> 00:02:28,620
-is exactly what happens when you are talking over Skype.
-
-48
-00:02:28,620 --> 00:02:31,790
-The quality of the communication degrades, and you are reconnected.
-
-49
-00:02:31,790 --> 00:02:34,880
-So there is this rerouting going on through different nodes. So
-
-50
-00:02:34,880 --> 00:02:37,640
-although this architecture is more effective than the Napster's one, it
-
-51
-00:02:37,640 --> 00:02:40,640
-is not without problems. For example, you might remember that a
-
-52
-00:02:40,640 --> 00:02:44,640
-few years ago, Skype went down for about 36 hours. And
-
-53
-00:02:44,640 --> 00:02:47,880
-later on it was discovered that the cause was the algorithm
-
-54
-00:02:47,880 --> 00:02:51,460
-used by Skype to determine which nodes could be super nodes.
-
-55
-00:02:51,460 --> 00:02:54,330
-And remember, as I said, that one requirement for these nodes
-
-56
-00:02:54,330 --> 00:02:57,130
-is that have to up all the time. So what happened
-
-57
-00:02:57,130 --> 00:03:00,420
-is most of the super nodes were running on Windows machines,
-
-58
-00:03:00,420 --> 00:03:03,820
-and Microsoft pushed a critical patch that required a reboot to
-
-59
-00:03:03,820 --> 00:03:06,860
-be installed. So a large number of machines, and therefore a
-
-60
-00:03:06,860 --> 00:03:10,150
-large number of super nodes were down roughly at the same
-
-61
-00:03:10,150 --> 00:03:13,980
-time throughout the globe. And Skype's algorithm for determining super nodes
-
-62
-00:03:13,980 --> 00:03:17,230
-didn't have enough nodes to work with. So the whole system
-
-63
-00:03:17,230 --> 00:03:19,790
-crashed and burned. So the message I want to give here,
-
-64
-00:03:19,790 --> 00:03:22,340
-is that when you have a large peer to peer distributed
-
-65
-00:03:22,340 --> 00:03:24,650
-system, such as this one, such as Skype,
-
-66
-00:03:24,650 --> 00:03:27,200
-these kind of perfect storms can happen. Because you
-
-67
-00:03:27,200 --> 00:03:29,560
-are not really in control. Because the control
-
-68
-00:03:29,560 --> 00:03:33,170
-is distributed. So the algorithms become more complex. So
-
-69
-00:03:33,170 --> 00:03:35,140
-to wrap up our Skype example, in case
-
-70
-00:03:35,140 --> 00:03:37,280
-you are interested, Skype then fixed the issue by
-
-71
-00:03:37,280 --> 00:03:39,950
-changing the algorithm for identifying super nodes. And
-
-72
-00:03:39,950 --> 00:03:44,084
-more recently actually, Skype ditched peer-to-peer super nodes altogether.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/27 - Takeaway Message - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/27 - Takeaway Message - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 9cd15c3..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/27 - Takeaway Message - lang_en_vs5.srt	
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@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,620
-And I want to conclude this lesson with three takeaway
-
-2
-00:00:02,620 --> 00:00:06,190
-messages. The first one is that having an effective architecture is
-
-3
-00:00:06,190 --> 00:00:09,450
-fundamental in a software project. Or as I say here,
-
-4
-00:00:09,450 --> 00:00:13,050
-a great architecture is a ticket to a successful project. To
-
-5
-00:00:13,050 --> 00:00:15,290
-put it in a different way, although a great architecture
-
-6
-00:00:15,290 --> 00:00:17,940
-does not guarantee that your project will be successful, having a
-
-7
-00:00:17,940 --> 00:00:21,930
-poor architecture will make it much more difficult for your project
-
-8
-00:00:21,930 --> 00:00:25,280
-to be successful. The second message is that an architecture cannot
-
-9
-00:00:25,280 --> 00:00:28,120
-come about in a vacuum. You need to understand
-
-10
-00:00:28,120 --> 00:00:30,550
-the domain of the problem that you're trying to solve
-
-11
-00:00:30,550 --> 00:00:33,480
-in order to define an architectural solution that fits the
-
-12
-00:00:33,480 --> 00:00:37,220
-characteristics of the problem. So a great architecture reflects a
-
-13
-00:00:37,220 --> 00:00:40,500
-deep understanding of the problem domain. And finally, a great
-
-14
-00:00:40,500 --> 00:00:44,630
-architecture is likely to combine aspects of several simpler architectures.
-
-15
-00:00:44,630 --> 00:00:47,880
-It is typical for engineers to see problems that are
-
-16
-00:00:47,880 --> 00:00:50,590
-new, but such that parts of the problems have already
-
-17
-00:00:50,590 --> 00:00:53,540
-been solved by someone else. An effective engineer should
-
-18
-00:00:53,540 --> 00:00:56,270
-therefore, first of all, know what is out there,
-
-19
-00:00:56,270 --> 00:00:59,760
-know the solution space. Second, an engineer should understand
-
-20
-00:00:59,760 --> 00:01:02,420
-what has worked well and what has failed miserably in
-
-21
-00:01:02,420 --> 00:01:05,870
-similar occasions in the past. And finally, an effective
-
-22
-00:01:05,870 --> 00:01:10,100
-engineer should be able to suitably combine existing solutions appropriately
-
-23
-00:01:10,100 --> 00:01:12,870
-to come up with an effective overall solution for
-
-24
-00:01:12,870 --> 00:01:15,750
-the specific problem at hand. And this is just as
-
-25
-00:01:15,750 --> 00:01:18,960
-true in the context of software architectures. When defining a software
-
-26
-00:01:18,960 --> 00:01:22,330
-architecture, you should innovate only as much as you need to and
-
-27
-00:01:22,330 --> 00:01:24,850
-reuse as much as you can. As we said early in the
-
-28
-00:01:24,850 --> 00:01:27,770
-lesson, by doing so, that is, by innovating only as much as
-
-29
-00:01:27,770 --> 00:01:30,100
-you need to and reusing as much as you can, you will
-
-30
-00:01:30,100 --> 00:01:32,960
-be able to avoid reinventing the wheel. You will be able to
-
-31
-00:01:32,960 --> 00:01:37,320
-choose the right solution to known problems. And identify suitable solutions for
-
-32
-00:01:37,320 --> 00:01:40,925
-new problems. So ultimately, you will be able to realize an effective
-
-33
-00:01:40,925 --> 00:01:44,080
-software architecture that will help the success of your project.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/3 - What is Software Architecture? - lang_en_vs6.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/3 - What is Software Architecture? - lang_en_vs6.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 8689e43..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/3 - What is Software Architecture? - lang_en_vs6.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,460
-After this interesting conversation with Neno, let me start
-
-2
-00:00:02,460 --> 00:00:06,060
-the lesson by defining what a software architecture is.
-
-3
-00:00:06,060 --> 00:00:07,600
-And to do that, I'm going to use two
-
-4
-00:00:07,600 --> 00:00:11,030
-seminal definitions. The first one is from Dewayne Perry
-
-5
-00:00:11,030 --> 00:00:13,990
-and Alex Wolf. And they define a software architecture
-
-6
-00:00:13,990 --> 00:00:17,940
-as elements, form and rationale. In this definition, the
-
-7
-00:00:17,940 --> 00:00:21,300
-elements are the what, which means the processes, data,
-
-8
-00:00:21,300 --> 00:00:25,430
-and connectors that compose a software architecture. The form
-
-9
-00:00:25,430 --> 00:00:27,780
-is the how, the set of properties of
-
-10
-00:00:27,780 --> 00:00:32,030
-in relationships among these elements. And, finally, the rationale
-
-11
-00:00:32,030 --> 00:00:35,390
-is the why, the justification for the elements and
-
-12
-00:00:35,390 --> 00:00:38,440
-their relationships. The second definition I want to use
-
-13
-00:00:38,440 --> 00:00:40,710
-is from Mary Shaw and David Garland. And
-
-14
-00:00:40,710 --> 00:00:43,480
-they defined a software architecture as a level of
-
-15
-00:00:43,480 --> 00:00:47,300
-design that involves four main things, a description of
-
-16
-00:00:47,300 --> 00:00:50,860
-elements from which these systems are built, the interactions
-
-17
-00:00:50,860 --> 00:00:54,800
-among those elements, the patterns that guide their composition, and
-
-18
-00:00:54,800 --> 00:00:58,320
-finally, the constraints on these patterns. As you can see, these
-
-19
-00:00:58,320 --> 00:01:01,420
-definitions are fairly similar and there are many more alternative
-
-20
-00:01:01,420 --> 00:01:04,870
-definitions of software architecture. In fact, if we try to search
-
-21
-00:01:04,870 --> 00:01:08,540
-the term software architecture, we get over two million entries.
-
-22
-00:01:08,540 --> 00:01:10,670
-And if we look at the images in the results of
-
-23
-00:01:10,670 --> 00:01:13,110
-the search this is what we get. And I like this
-
-24
-00:01:13,110 --> 00:01:16,120
-sort of graphical depiction because it gives you a clear idea
-
-25
-00:01:16,120 --> 00:01:19,300
-the software architecture are prevalent concept, given the number of
-
-26
-00:01:19,300 --> 00:01:22,600
-results. But they also show you clearly, that software architecture are
-
-27
-00:01:22,600 --> 00:01:25,550
-complex entities, if you look at some of these pictures.
-
-28
-00:01:25,550 --> 00:01:28,930
-And ultimately, they show that software architecture are presented in all
-
-29
-00:01:28,930 --> 00:01:31,700
-kinds of ways including in 3D, if you look at this
-
-30
-00:01:31,700 --> 00:01:34,970
-picture. We cannot clearly cover all of these definitions in one
-
-31
-00:01:34,970 --> 00:01:37,340
-lesson. So what I will do instead, is to introduce
-
-32
-00:01:37,340 --> 00:01:40,750
-a very general definition that encompasses most of the existing ones.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/4 - General Definition of SWA - lang_en_vs6.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/4 - General Definition of SWA - lang_en_vs6.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/4 - General Definition of SWA - lang_en_vs6.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:03,240
-I'm going to define a software systems architecture as
-
-2
-00:00:03,240 --> 00:00:07,660
-the set of principal design decisions about the system. Where
-
-3
-00:00:07,660 --> 00:00:10,950
-principal here, implies a degree of importance, that grants
-
-4
-00:00:10,950 --> 00:00:14,810
-a design decision architectural status. And the point here, as
-
-5
-00:00:14,810 --> 00:00:17,060
-we discussed with Neno early on, is that when
-
-6
-00:00:17,060 --> 00:00:20,210
-building a system, we make tons of design decisions, and
-
-7
-00:00:20,210 --> 00:00:22,470
-most of them do not affect the architecture of
-
-8
-00:00:22,470 --> 00:00:25,270
-the system. For example, the effect of choosing a for
-
-9
-00:00:25,270 --> 00:00:27,640
-loop, instead of a while loop, in the code, or the
-
-10
-00:00:27,640 --> 00:00:30,140
-fact of deciding that we are going to use data structure A
-
-11
-00:00:30,140 --> 00:00:33,620
-instead of data structure B. Some decisions however, do affect the
-
-12
-00:00:33,620 --> 00:00:37,470
-architecture of the system. And in some cases the distinction between these
-
-13
-00:00:37,470 --> 00:00:40,600
-two kinds of design decisions is clear. In some other cases
-
-14
-00:00:40,600 --> 00:00:43,340
-it is much fuzzier and it depends on the context. The
-
-15
-00:00:43,340 --> 00:00:46,000
-bottom line here, is that if you believe that something is
-
-16
-00:00:46,000 --> 00:00:50,380
-an important design decision, that becomes an architectural decision. That is a
-
-17
-00:00:50,380 --> 00:00:53,960
-decision that impacts a system's architecture. In this spirit,
-
-18
-00:00:53,960 --> 00:00:56,650
-we can see a software architecture as the blueprint
-
-19
-00:00:56,650 --> 00:00:58,390
-for a software system, that we can use to
-
-20
-00:00:58,390 --> 00:01:01,320
-construct and evolve the system. And the key point
-
-21
-00:01:01,320 --> 00:01:05,300
-about software architecture is that this blueprint encompasses every
-
-22
-00:01:05,300 --> 00:01:08,600
-facet of the system under development. It encompasses its
-
-23
-00:01:08,600 --> 00:01:11,540
-structure, of course, but not only. It also involves
-
-24
-00:01:11,540 --> 00:01:15,420
-the behavior of the system, the interactions within the system,
-
-25
-00:01:15,420 --> 00:01:18,880
-and the non-functional properties of the system. And we will see
-
-26
-00:01:18,880 --> 00:01:21,960
-how this happens in the rest of the lesson. Another important
-
-27
-00:01:21,960 --> 00:01:25,590
-point about software architecture is that there is a temporal aspect
-
-28
-00:01:25,590 --> 00:01:27,570
-to it. And the point here is that you don't build the
-
-29
-00:01:27,570 --> 00:01:30,660
-software architecture in a single shot, but you do it iteratively,
-
-30
-00:01:30,660 --> 00:01:34,100
-over time. So, basically, you go from having no architecture to
-
-31
-00:01:34,100 --> 00:01:37,330
-your final architecture. So, at any point in time, there is
-
-32
-00:01:37,330 --> 00:01:40,550
-a software architecture, but it will change over time. And this happens
-
-33
-00:01:40,550 --> 00:01:44,780
-because design decisions are made, unmade and changed over a system's lifetime.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/5 - Prescriptive vs Descriptive Architecture - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/5 - Prescriptive vs Descriptive Architecture - lang_en_vs5.srt
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index 11ecd46..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/5 - Prescriptive vs Descriptive Architecture - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:02,200
-We can look at the software architecture from two
-
-2
-00:00:02,200 --> 00:00:07,120
-main standpoints. There are prescriptive and descriptive software architectures.
-
-3
-00:00:07,120 --> 00:00:09,900
-So what does that mean? A prescriptive architecture captures
-
-4
-00:00:09,900 --> 00:00:12,620
-the design decisions that are made prior to the
-
-5
-00:00:12,620 --> 00:00:15,398
-system's construction. This is what we normally call the
-
-6
-00:00:15,398 --> 00:00:18,280
-as-conceived software architecture. Conversely,
-
-7
-00:00:18,280 --> 00:00:20,550
-a descriptive architecture describes how
-
-8
-00:00:20,550 --> 00:00:23,010
-the system has actually been built. So it's based
-
-9
-00:00:23,010 --> 00:00:25,860
-on observing the system as it is and extracting
-
-10
-00:00:25,860 --> 00:00:28,200
-the architecture from the observation. This is what we call
-
-11
-00:00:28,200 --> 00:00:31,890
-the as-implemented software architecture. And one key point here is
-
-12
-00:00:31,890 --> 00:00:35,780
-that often, these two architectures, the prescriptive and the descriptive
-
-13
-00:00:35,780 --> 00:00:39,290
-architectures end up being different. So let's see why that happens.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/6 - Architectural Evolution - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/6 - Architectural Evolution - lang_en_vs5.srt
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index edcf77e..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/6 - Architectural Evolution - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,090 --> 00:00:02,810
-To do that let's look at how architectural evolution
-
-2
-00:00:02,810 --> 00:00:06,880
-occurs in practice. Ideally when a system evolves, its prescriptive
-
-3
-00:00:06,880 --> 00:00:09,340
-architecture should be modified first. Just like when you
-
-4
-00:00:09,340 --> 00:00:12,170
-modify a building. You change the blueprint and then you
-
-5
-00:00:12,170 --> 00:00:13,940
-change the actual building. You don't go the other
-
-6
-00:00:13,940 --> 00:00:17,820
-way around. In software, unfortunately this rarely ever happens in
-
-7
-00:00:17,820 --> 00:00:21,706
-practice. In practice the system, and therefore it's descriptive
-
-8
-00:00:21,706 --> 00:00:25,150
-architecture are often directly modified. Like in this case that
-
-9
-00:00:25,150 --> 00:00:27,870
-I'm showing here. So what happens is that the architecture
-
-10
-00:00:27,870 --> 00:00:32,259
-as conceived does not change. Whereas the architecture as implemented, does
-
-11
-00:00:32,259 --> 00:00:35,600
-change. And therefore these two things start diverging. And this really
-
-12
-00:00:35,600 --> 00:00:38,720
-happens for a number of reasons. So I'm just going to list
-
-13
-00:00:38,720 --> 00:00:41,740
-a few of those reasons here. In some cases it
-
-14
-00:00:41,740 --> 00:00:45,620
-just happens for plain sloppiness. I need to make this modification
-
-15
-00:00:45,620 --> 00:00:47,290
-and I don't really want to go back and look at
-
-16
-00:00:47,290 --> 00:00:50,610
-the prescriptive architecture modified. I'm just going to make the change, and
-
-17
-00:00:50,610 --> 00:00:53,800
-maybe I'll fix the description later. And then you never really get
-
-18
-00:00:53,800 --> 00:00:56,950
-to it. In other cases you do this because of the perception
-
-19
-00:00:56,950 --> 00:01:00,290
-of short deadlines. If you have to do something by this afternoon,
-
-20
-00:01:00,290 --> 00:01:01,300
-you're not going through a four
-
-21
-00:01:01,300 --> 00:01:03,410
-month software architecture review, you normally just
-
-22
-00:01:03,410 --> 00:01:06,460
-get to it, and do it. In some cases a prescriptive architecture
-
-23
-00:01:06,460 --> 00:01:09,510
-is not even present, so there's a lack of documentation. So in these
-
-24
-00:01:09,510 --> 00:01:12,450
-cases, clearly, you cannot go and modify something that does not even
-
-25
-00:01:12,450 --> 00:01:15,880
-exist, and so you jump directly to the code and start modifying that.
-
-26
-00:01:15,880 --> 00:01:18,280
-And as I said there's many, many more
-
-27
-00:01:18,280 --> 00:01:21,080
-other reasons why that happen. But important point here is
-
-28
-00:01:21,080 --> 00:01:23,770
-that it does happen and it does happen often
-
-29
-00:01:23,770 --> 00:01:27,250
-and the result is that prescriptive and descriptive architectures diverge.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/7 - Architectural Degradation - lang_en_vs6.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/7 - Architectural Degradation - lang_en_vs6.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 2313f82..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/7 - Architectural Degradation - lang_en_vs6.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:02,790
-And there are two important and related concepts that
-
-2
-00:00:02,790 --> 00:00:04,790
-have to do with the way software architecture
-
-3
-00:00:04,790 --> 00:00:08,109
-evolves. The first one is Architectural Drift, which is
-
-4
-00:00:08,109 --> 00:00:12,140
-the introduction of architectural design decisions that are orthogonal to
-
-5
-00:00:12,140 --> 00:00:15,870
-a system's prescriptive architecture. That is, they're not included
-
-6
-00:00:15,870 --> 00:00:20,080
-in, encompassed by, or implied by the prescriptive architecture.
-
-7
-00:00:20,080 --> 00:00:22,300
-And the result of Architectural Drift is that you
-
-8
-00:00:22,300 --> 00:00:25,220
-start from a clean architecture, like the one that I'm
-
-9
-00:00:25,220 --> 00:00:28,830
-showing here, and then you start adding pieces without following a clear plan.
-
-10
-00:00:28,830 --> 00:00:32,229
-Like, for example, here, we add an additional room here, but we don't really
-
-11
-00:00:32,229 --> 00:00:34,380
-do it in the right way so we need to add something else
-
-12
-00:00:34,380 --> 00:00:37,090
-to keep it stable. And then maybe we want some more room so we
-
-13
-00:00:37,090 --> 00:00:40,310
-add a tent. And then another side of the house, it doesn't really
-
-14
-00:00:40,310 --> 00:00:43,540
-follow the same architecture but it doesn't matter, we just put it there because
-
-15
-00:00:43,540 --> 00:00:46,690
-we want to expand. And maybe then we want to put something classic
-
-16
-00:00:46,690 --> 00:00:48,210
-there, even though it doesn't really fit
-
-17
-00:00:48,210 --> 00:00:50,520
-the overall design and the overall architecture.
-
-18
-00:00:50,520 --> 00:00:52,160
-So I think you get my point, the fact
-
-19
-00:00:52,160 --> 00:00:56,210
-that the architecture then becomes unnecessarily complex, hard to understand
-
-20
-00:00:56,210 --> 00:00:58,410
-and ultimately awkward, just like the one that I'm
-
-21
-00:00:58,410 --> 00:01:00,880
-showing here, that goes from the original building into this
-
-22
-00:01:00,880 --> 00:01:04,870
-final monstrosity. The second concept is Architectural Erosion, which
-
-23
-00:01:04,870 --> 00:01:08,560
-is the introduction of architectural design decisions that violate a
-
-24
-00:01:08,560 --> 00:01:12,070
-system prescriptive architecture. So in this case, that we were
-
-25
-00:01:12,070 --> 00:01:14,070
-introducing decisions that were orthogonal,
-
-26
-00:01:14,070 --> 00:01:15,580
-here, were introducing this decisions
-
-27
-00:01:15,580 --> 00:01:17,410
-that don't comply with the prescriptive
-
-28
-00:01:17,410 --> 00:01:20,140
-architecture. And the result of Architectural Erosion
-
-29
-00:01:20,140 --> 00:01:22,590
-is typically a poor architecture an
-
-30
-00:01:22,590 --> 00:01:24,550
-architecture that is going to have problems in
-
-31
-00:01:24,550 --> 00:01:27,040
-the future. So both Architectural Drift
-
-32
-00:01:27,040 --> 00:01:29,640
-and Architectural Erosion take you away in
-
-33
-00:01:29,640 --> 00:01:32,940
-different ways from what you think your software architecture is or should be.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/8 - Architectural Recovery - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/8 - Architectural Recovery - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6104ae0..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/8 - Architectural Recovery - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:03,560
-And sometimes, architectural drift and erosion gets you so
-
-2
-00:00:03,560 --> 00:00:06,450
-far away from the point where your software architecture should
-
-3
-00:00:06,450 --> 00:00:10,476
-be, that your architecture is completely degraded. And at this
-
-4
-00:00:10,476 --> 00:00:13,290
-point, you have two main options. The first option is
-
-5
-00:00:13,290 --> 00:00:17,140
-to keep frantically tweaking the code. And this normally leads
-
-6
-00:00:17,140 --> 00:00:20,370
-to disaster. Why? Because you only make things worse. You
-
-7
-00:00:20,370 --> 00:00:22,570
-don't know exactly what you are changing and therefore, you're
-
-8
-00:00:22,570 --> 00:00:25,570
-basically stabbing in the dark, trying to fix your system.
-
-9
-00:00:25,570 --> 00:00:27,580
-The other possiblity is that you can try to
-
-10
-00:00:27,580 --> 00:00:29,830
-determine the software system architecture
-
-11
-00:00:29,830 --> 00:00:31,710
-from its implementation level artifacts,
-
-12
-00:00:31,710 --> 00:00:34,520
-so you try to derive what the architecture is
-
-13
-00:00:34,520 --> 00:00:36,610
-and try to fix it, once you have derived the
-
-14
-00:00:36,610 --> 00:00:39,266
-architecture. And this is what is normally called, architectural
-
-15
-00:00:39,266 --> 00:00:44,210
-recovery, determining a software architecture from an implementation and fixing
-
-16
-00:00:44,210 --> 00:00:46,410
-it. And as you can imagine, this is normally
-
-17
-00:00:46,410 --> 00:00:49,330
-a more recommended way to go than the first solution.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/9 - Architectural Recovery Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/9 - Architectural Recovery Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 0750374..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L1 Software Architecture Subtitles/9 - Architectural Recovery Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:03,070
-Now that we discussed some important concepts about
-
-2
-00:00:03,070 --> 00:00:05,060
-software architectures, I would like for you to
-
-3
-00:00:05,060 --> 00:00:07,290
-tell me which of the following sentences is
-
-4
-00:00:07,290 --> 00:00:11,420
-true. Prescriptive architecture and descriptive architecture are typically the
-
-5
-00:00:11,420 --> 00:00:15,970
-same. Architectural drift results in unnecessarily complex architectures.
-
-6
-00:00:15,970 --> 00:00:20,320
-Architectural erosion is less problematic than architectural drift. And
-
-7
-00:00:20,320 --> 00:00:22,660
-the best way to improve a degraded architecture,
-
-8
-00:00:22,660 --> 00:00:25,250
-is to keep fixing the code until the system
-
-9
-00:00:25,250 --> 00:00:29,270
-starts looking and behaving as expected. Which of these sentences is true?
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/1 - Introduction - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/1 - Introduction - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index f6386ed..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/1 - Introduction - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,430 --> 00:00:05,994
-Hello and welcome to a tale of analysis and design, featuring
-
-2
-00:00:05,994 --> 00:00:10,809
-Spencer Rugaber, as the librarian, and Alex Orso,
-
-3
-00:00:10,809 --> 00:00:15,779
-as the software engineer. [SOUND]
-
-4
-00:00:15,779 --> 00:00:21,520
->> Hi! I'm here waiting for Spencer, my librarian friend. He needs some
-
-5
-00:00:21,520 --> 00:00:25,470
-help developing an information system for a library. So I asked him to write
-
-6
-00:00:25,470 --> 00:00:29,669
-down the requirements for the libra... Oh, [SOUND] that must be him.
-
-7
-00:00:29,669 --> 00:00:30,850
->> Hello Alex.
-
-8
-00:00:30,850 --> 00:00:32,470
->> Hey Spencer. How's it going?
-
-9
-00:00:32,470 --> 00:00:34,690
->> Good. Did you get those requirements I emailed you?
-
-10
-00:00:34,690 --> 00:00:36,890
->> Oh, you emailed them. Now let me check.
-
-11
-00:00:36,890 --> 00:00:38,780
-And, by the way, get some coffee for you here.
-
-12
-00:00:38,780 --> 00:00:39,880
->> Thank you very much.
-
-13
-00:00:41,840 --> 00:00:46,790
->> Oh yeah. They're right here. Let me see. Oh, good. Oh, yeah,
-
-14
-00:00:46,790 --> 00:00:50,580
-good. We have, what we need. So the, the way I like to do
-
-15
-00:00:50,580 --> 00:00:52,500
-this is. I like to start by
-
-16
-00:00:52,500 --> 00:00:55,430
-looking at the requirements and identifying the nouns
-
-17
-00:00:55,430 --> 00:00:57,530
-in the requirements, because those tell us
-
-18
-00:00:57,530 --> 00:01:00,080
-the kind of the relevant elements in the,
-
-19
-00:01:00,080 --> 00:01:03,360
-in the requirements. So if you don't mind we can start looking at those and
-
-20
-00:01:03,360 --> 00:01:07,070
-you can tell me you know, whether the ones that I am identifying make sense or not.
-
-21
-00:01:07,070 --> 00:01:07,920
->> Sounds good.
-
-22
-00:01:07,920 --> 00:01:08,500
->> All right.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/10 - Debriefing - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/10 - Debriefing - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index cc76d09..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/10 - Debriefing - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,210 --> 00:00:02,200
->> So Spencer, now that we went through
-
-2
-00:00:02,200 --> 00:00:05,340
-this process and, I'd just like to hear
-
-3
-00:00:05,340 --> 00:00:07,090
-whether you enjoyed it, whether you think it
-
-4
-00:00:07,090 --> 00:00:09,640
-was useful. What are your thoughts?
-
-5
-00:00:09,640 --> 00:00:11,661
->> Well, ti was very interesting. I not only
-
-6
-00:00:11,661 --> 00:00:16,541
-learned something about computers and about how you design information systems
-
-7
-00:00:16,541 --> 00:00:19,713
-in UML, but I, it was interesting. I also learned something
-
-8
-00:00:19,713 --> 00:00:25,290
-interesting about the library. And things that, that I knew but
-
-9
-00:00:25,290 --> 00:00:27,920
-I never really, explicitly written down.
-
-10
-00:00:27,920 --> 00:00:28,099
->> Uh-huh.
-
-11
-00:00:28,099 --> 00:00:32,280
->> Came up during the course of doing this. And I think I now
-
-12
-00:00:32,280 --> 00:00:35,800
-much better understand what this information system that you're
-
-13
-00:00:35,800 --> 00:00:38,590
-going to build for us, is really all about.
-
-14
-00:00:38,590 --> 00:00:40,480
->> Okay, well, I mean, I'm very happy that you say
-
-15
-00:00:40,480 --> 00:00:43,040
-that, because I really believe that, you know, doing this kind
-
-16
-00:00:43,040 --> 00:00:46,870
-of analysis and design exercises really helps you figuring out whether
-
-17
-00:00:46,870 --> 00:00:50,480
-there's any issues with the requirements. So for example, you can find
-
-18
-00:00:50,480 --> 00:00:53,580
-out whether there's any missing information, or maybe conflicting
-
-19
-00:00:53,580 --> 00:00:56,820
-information. And I think that's exactly what happened today.
-
-20
-00:00:56,820 --> 00:01:01,120
-So I'm very glad to hear that it worked for you. That you enjoyed it. I hope you
-
-21
-00:01:01,120 --> 00:01:03,690
-enjoyed it as well. And I strongly encourage you
-
-22
-00:01:03,690 --> 00:01:06,000
-to do this kind of exercises for different kinds
-
-23
-00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:08,630
-of systems. So as you can become more familiar
-
-24
-00:01:08,630 --> 00:01:12,410
-with analysis and design techniques. So, any final thoughts?
-
-25
-00:01:12,410 --> 00:01:15,440
->> I look forward to receiving your delivered software.
-
-26
-00:01:15,440 --> 00:01:16,440
->> All right. Will do.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/2 - Analyzing Requirements - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/2 - Analyzing Requirements - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 909fb2d..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/2 - Analyzing Requirements - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,579 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,220 --> 00:00:04,900
-Okay so let me start underlining these nouns, and I'll start
-
-2
-00:00:04,900 --> 00:00:07,810
-identifying the ones that are relevant, and I'll ask you some
-
-3
-00:00:07,810 --> 00:00:10,550
-questions or you can ask me questions if
-
-4
-00:00:10,550 --> 00:00:14,666
-you see something that doesn't make sense to you. Good enough.
-
-5
-00:00:14,666 --> 00:00:17,650
->> okay, let's see, patron. It seems to
-
-6
-00:00:17,650 --> 00:00:19,670
-me that patron is definitely an important entity.
-
-7
-00:00:19,670 --> 00:00:20,808
->> That's, that's what its all about.
-
-8
-00:00:20,808 --> 00:00:23,270
->> Okay, all right, so actually, the way
-
-9
-00:00:23,270 --> 00:00:25,750
-I'm going to do this, I'm going to take all these relevant
-
-10
-00:00:25,750 --> 00:00:28,610
-entities and I'm going to start putting them into what I call a class
-
-11
-00:00:28,610 --> 00:00:32,450
-diagram. So you don't really need to know what that is exactly, but imagine
-
-12
-00:00:32,450 --> 00:00:37,150
-this being a, a diagram in which I'm drawing, I represent in all development
-
-13
-00:00:37,150 --> 00:00:42,260
-items as rectangles with a given name and, and then later on some attributes.
-
-14
-00:00:42,260 --> 00:00:42,660
->> Okay.
-
-15
-00:00:42,660 --> 00:00:44,055
->> Okay, and I'm, I'm just going to put
-
-16
-00:00:44,055 --> 00:00:45,600
-them there. So I'm going to start with patron.
-
-17
-00:00:45,600 --> 00:00:48,420
-I'm going to create one class for the
-
-18
-00:00:48,420 --> 00:00:50,250
-patron. I'm going to give it the name patron.
-
-19
-00:00:51,380 --> 00:00:54,120
-And by the way, assuming that you'd probably figure out, it's important that we
-
-20
-00:00:54,120 --> 00:00:57,430
-represent, we use the right names so that it's clear when we're looking at
-
-21
-00:00:57,430 --> 00:01:00,790
-the class diagram what we're referring to, so I'll just use the, the nouns
-
-22
-00:01:00,790 --> 00:01:06,520
-themselves as names. Okay, library card seems to be also a relevant element.
-
-23
-00:01:06,520 --> 00:01:08,072
->> Every patron has a library card.
-
-24
-00:01:08,072 --> 00:01:09,530
->> All right, perfect, so we'll just
-
-25
-00:01:09,530 --> 00:01:12,880
-create a library card here. And let's see.
-
-26
-00:01:12,880 --> 00:01:16,530
-As, as long as they're in the system. And I saw that there's a system
-
-27
-00:01:16,530 --> 00:01:19,000
-here, this concept of system, this concept
-
-28
-00:01:19,000 --> 00:01:22,076
-of library. And based on my experience, normally,
-
-29
-00:01:22,076 --> 00:01:26,574
-those are kind of in an overarching themes. So this is really what we are
-
-30
-00:01:26,574 --> 00:01:28,597
-modeling. So the only
-
-31
-00:01:28,597 --> 00:01:30,297
-thing that will make a difference is
-
-32
-00:01:30,297 --> 00:01:34,120
-if there were more than one library or more than one system. Is that the case?
-
-33
-00:01:34,120 --> 00:01:36,740
->> We just want one system for our one library
-
-34
-00:01:36,740 --> 00:01:38,770
->> Okay so, in this case I won't even represent
-
-35
-00:01:38,770 --> 00:01:41,540
-those because basically what I'm representing is the system and
-
-36
-00:01:41,540 --> 00:01:41,990
-the library.
-
-37
-00:01:41,990 --> 00:01:42,740
->> I understand, I understand.
-
-38
-00:01:42,740 --> 00:01:44,420
-
-39
-00:01:44,420 --> 00:01:48,350
-Okay and then, oh name, address and phone
-
-40
-00:01:48,350 --> 00:01:51,510
-number are interesting because these are important entities,
-
-41
-00:01:51,510 --> 00:01:53,180
-but this seems like, you know, they're not
-
-42
-00:01:53,180 --> 00:01:56,550
-entities in themselves, so they're more attributes
-
-43
-00:01:56,550 --> 00:01:58,070
-of something else. I would imagine that
-
-44
-00:01:58,070 --> 00:02:00,080
-this is the way you identify, or these
-
-45
-00:02:00,080 --> 00:02:01,860
-are elements that are important for the patron?
-
-46
-00:02:01,860 --> 00:02:04,880
->> That's what we take down when we issue the cards.
-
-47
-00:02:04,880 --> 00:02:06,800
->> Okay. Perfect. So, I'm going to
-
-48
-00:02:06,800 --> 00:02:09,710
-take those and make those attributes of the patron, which means
-
-49
-00:02:09,710 --> 00:02:12,350
-that I'm going to take the class that I created before, and I'm
-
-50
-00:02:12,350 --> 00:02:16,430
-just going to write them down here so that they're represented and,
-
-51
-00:02:16,430 --> 00:02:19,360
-and we know that these are kind of what characterizes the patron.
-
-52
-00:02:19,360 --> 00:02:20,070
->> Gotcha.
-
-53
-00:02:20,070 --> 00:02:25,540
->> Okay? And then, I guess similar consideration for the library
-
-54
-00:02:25,540 --> 00:02:28,750
-card number. So this is to be associated with the library card?
-
-55
-00:02:28,750 --> 00:02:29,902
->> It's printed right on it.
-
-56
-00:02:29,902 --> 00:02:32,180
->> All right, so we'll put this as
-
-57
-00:02:32,180 --> 00:02:38,130
-an attribute of the library card, then. And then, in addition, at any particular point
-
-58
-00:02:38,130 --> 00:02:43,630
-in time. Okay, so time seems to be a relevant entity right,
-
-59
-00:02:43,630 --> 00:02:47,880
-because time seems to occur several times in this description. For example, I
-
-60
-00:02:47,880 --> 00:02:53,940
-think you guys keep track of how long a book has been loaned, right?
-
-61
-00:02:53,940 --> 00:02:54,300
->> Right.
-
-62
-00:02:54,300 --> 00:02:57,270
->> And there's some time associated also here.
-
-63
-00:02:57,270 --> 00:02:58,380
->> And a children's age.
-
-64
-00:02:58,380 --> 00:02:59,760
->> Oh yeah. The children's age here that
-
-65
-00:02:59,760 --> 00:03:02,200
-I didn't see before. Yeah. So, what
-
-66
-00:03:02,200 --> 00:03:03,800
-I'm going to do, I'm going to represent this in
-
-67
-00:03:03,800 --> 00:03:05,520
-a sort of generic way, as a date.
-
-68
-00:03:05,520 --> 00:03:06,520
->> Okay.
-
-69
-00:03:06,520 --> 00:03:08,380
->> These are kind of, kind of classes, utility
-
-70
-00:03:08,380 --> 00:03:10,880
-classes we call them, that are normally in every system.
-
-71
-00:03:10,880 --> 00:03:10,970
->> Okay.
-
-72
-00:03:10,970 --> 00:03:13,060
->> So I'm just going to put it down here
-
-73
-00:03:13,060 --> 00:03:14,940
-as a utility class that will be used
-
-74
-00:03:14,940 --> 00:03:18,780
-by different elements in the diagram. Okay, so
-
-75
-00:03:18,780 --> 00:03:23,070
-I want to calculate the items. So the items also
-
-76
-00:03:23,070 --> 00:03:25,230
-I mean I for what I know about libraries they
-
-77
-00:03:25,230 --> 00:03:28,490
-seem to be pretty relevant elements, right? So these are all
-
-78
-00:03:28,490 --> 00:03:31,305
->> This is what we check out, this is what we're for.
-
-79
-00:03:31,305 --> 00:03:34,459
->> Okay, so then items definitely will become a
-
-80
-00:03:34,459 --> 00:03:37,349
-class, and then we have a due. Oh there's also
-
-81
-00:03:37,349 --> 00:03:39,730
-this concept of fines. I guess that seems to be
-
-82
-00:03:39,730 --> 00:03:42,330
-important. Right? You guys give fines to people who are late.
-
-83
-00:03:42,330 --> 00:03:42,700
->> Right, right.
-
-84
-00:03:42,700 --> 00:03:49,160
->> Right, collect fines and so on. So we create a fine class down here and
-
-85
-00:03:49,160 --> 00:03:54,150
-the children. So children are special customers, right? It's
-
-86
-00:03:55,240 --> 00:03:56,890
-their age makes a difference? Is that the way it works?
-
-87
-00:03:56,890 --> 00:03:58,950
->> Right. They, they can only check out a few books.
-
-88
-00:03:58,950 --> 00:04:01,410
->> Okay. So I'll create them a special
-
-89
-00:04:01,410 --> 00:04:03,170
-kind of case, a special kind of customer so
-
-90
-00:04:03,170 --> 00:04:06,000
-I just create here a class for children. And
-
-91
-00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:08,682
-I can see that they're categorized by their age.
-
-92
-00:04:08,682 --> 00:04:09,340
->> Right.
-
-93
-00:04:09,340 --> 00:04:13,160
->> So I'll just put the age here as an attribute of the child.
-
-94
-00:04:14,220 --> 00:04:15,712
-And, okay, so the next one is
-
-95
-00:04:15,712 --> 00:04:19,653
-restriction. And restriction is kind of tricky because just
-
-96
-00:04:19,653 --> 00:04:22,010
-to be sort of a general concept. I mean,
-
-97
-00:04:22,010 --> 00:04:24,915
-in a sense, all of those are restrictions, right?
-
-98
-00:04:24,915 --> 00:04:28,250
->> Right, this is just another one of these requirements.
-
-99
-00:04:28,250 --> 00:04:31,180
->> Oh, okay, so, so we don't need to represent it explicitly, right?
-
-100
-00:04:31,180 --> 00:04:31,430
->> Right, right.
-
-101
-00:04:31,430 --> 00:04:34,390
->> It's just telling us how the children, yeah, okay, right; this is
-
-102
-00:04:34,390 --> 00:04:39,151
-just another requirement, so I just won't consider that for now. And oh,
-
-103
-00:04:39,151 --> 00:04:43,444
-I see that these books and audio video materials, I guess these
-
-104
-00:04:43,444 --> 00:04:48,902
-are things that the patrons can check out, right?
-
-105
-00:04:48,902 --> 00:04:50,725
->> Those are some of the items, right.
-
-106
-00:04:50,725 --> 00:04:53,770
->> There are two
-
-107
-00:04:53,770 --> 00:04:56,380
-more down here, right? Reference books and magazines?
-
-108
-00:04:56,380 --> 00:04:57,990
->> But, they can't be checked
-
-109
-00:04:57,990 --> 00:04:59,270
-out, but they're definitely in the library.
-
-110
-00:04:59,270 --> 00:05:01,338
->> Okay, so then I'm going to represent all of those
-
-111
-00:05:01,338 --> 00:05:04,180
-actually, now. So, I'm going to have books, I'm going to have audio
-
-112
-00:05:04,180 --> 00:05:07,990
-video materials, reference books, and magazines. And
-
-113
-00:05:07,990 --> 00:05:12,150
-I'm just going to have those as classes. Then,
-
-114
-00:05:12,150 --> 00:05:14,060
-okay here we have week, and we
-
-115
-00:05:14,060 --> 00:05:16,630
-already represented this general concept of time, so
-
-116
-00:05:16,630 --> 00:05:23,270
-week will be represented by the date class as well. And oh, I see best sellers.
-
-117
-00:05:23,270 --> 00:05:27,520
-So best sellers are also, I guess, items that can be checked out, right?
-
-118
-00:05:27,520 --> 00:05:28,150
->> Right.
-
-119
-00:05:28,150 --> 00:05:29,330
->> Okay, so I'll
-
-120
-00:05:29,330 --> 00:05:32,900
-just represent those as a class as well and an additional item that
-
-121
-00:05:32,900 --> 00:05:38,480
-is relevant for the library. And the limit, this is also a time limit, right?
-
-122
-00:05:38,480 --> 00:05:39,150
->> Right.
-
-123
-00:05:39,150 --> 00:05:41,500
->> So it can also be represented with a, with a class.
-
-124
-00:05:43,860 --> 00:05:47,380
-Oh, here we have cents, and for cents, same consideration that made
-
-125
-00:05:47,380 --> 00:05:50,430
-for time. This is kind of the money, is a general concept
-
-126
-00:05:50,430 --> 00:05:54,240
-that in all currency, many, in many IT systems. So, I'm, I'm
-
-127
-00:05:54,240 --> 00:05:57,430
-going to just have a money class here, which is another utility class.
-
-128
-00:05:57,430 --> 00:05:57,740
->> Okay
-
-129
-00:05:57,740 --> 00:06:04,000
->> Okay, and, oh, here I have value, so value is a property.
-
-130
-00:06:04,000 --> 00:06:09,320
-Let me look again at the requirement. Oh, it's the value of the item. So value
-
-131
-00:06:09,320 --> 00:06:11,450
-I'm going to put in the item as an attribute. Okay?
-
-132
-00:06:11,450 --> 00:06:13,120
->> Okay. That's how much it cost us.
-
-133
-00:06:13,120 --> 00:06:14,090
->> Okay. Perfect.
-
-134
-00:06:14,090 --> 00:06:18,400
->> Seems like we got them all. Right? Anything I forgot?
-
-135
-00:06:18,400 --> 00:06:19,640
->> That looks like it.
-
-136
-00:06:19,640 --> 00:06:22,580
->> Okay, so this one, what I'd like to do. We have a kind of
-
-137
-00:06:22,580 --> 00:06:26,890
-a first take, first cut at the class diagram. I'd like to kind of
-
-138
-00:06:26,890 --> 00:06:31,480
-move to that and go through the different classes with you. And I'll ask
-
-139
-00:06:31,480 --> 00:06:33,440
-you some questions again. And you can
-
-140
-00:06:33,440 --> 00:06:34,510
-tell me whether there is something that
-
-141
-00:06:34,510 --> 00:06:36,894
-jumps at you that's not right. And
-
-142
-00:06:36,894 --> 00:06:38,930
-then we're going to try to refine that.
-
-143
-00:06:38,930 --> 00:06:39,180
->> Okay
-
-144
-00:06:39,180 --> 00:06:39,510
->> Okay.
-
-145
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->> Sounds good.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/3 - Refining Classes and Attributes - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/3 - Refining Classes and Attributes - lang_en.srt
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@@ -1,535 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,880 --> 00:00:03,920
-Okay, so this is our first, class diagram.
-
-2
-00:00:03,920 --> 00:00:06,260
->> So, let me ask you something about.
-
-3
-00:00:06,260 --> 00:00:06,520
->> Okay.
-
-4
-00:00:06,520 --> 00:00:08,930
->> What we've done so far. I also sent, in what
-
-5
-00:00:08,930 --> 00:00:14,490
-I sent you, I also had some stories about how the actual
-
-6
-00:00:14,490 --> 00:00:16,400
->> Library is used. You asked me to do
-
-7
-00:00:16,400 --> 00:00:18,950
-that and are we going to take, use that here?
-
-8
-00:00:20,160 --> 00:00:23,300
->> Glad you asked actually. yeah. Those are, you know, what we call use
-
-9
-00:00:23,300 --> 00:00:25,940
-cases, or what we will use as scenarios kind of things that we will
-
-10
-00:00:25,940 --> 00:00:28,340
-use to derive use cases. And they're also a very good
-
-11
-00:00:28,340 --> 00:00:31,450
-way of extracting requirements. We're not going to look at them right
-
-12
-00:00:31,450 --> 00:00:33,890
-now because now, because we're more working on kind of the static
-
-13
-00:00:33,890 --> 00:00:37,860
-structure of the system. But after we're done with the class diagram,
-
-14
-00:00:37,860 --> 00:00:40,700
-you know, we will do it at a different time. But
-
-15
-00:00:40,700 --> 00:00:43,410
-we're going to use those to see how the
-
-16
-00:00:43,410 --> 00:00:45,850
-libraries actually use them, and see whether we can get more
-
-17
-00:00:45,850 --> 00:00:49,000
-information that we can use to refine our requirements based on that.
-
-18
-00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:49,770
->> Okay.
-
-19
-00:00:49,770 --> 00:00:51,020
->> Okay,
-
-20
-00:00:51,020 --> 00:00:52,940
-So, for now, we'll just focus in on the,
-
-21
-00:00:52,940 --> 00:00:54,630
-structure, but, just so you know, I'm,
-
-22
-00:00:54,630 --> 00:00:55,870
-I'm glad you sent them, because they were going
-
-23
-00:00:55,870 --> 00:00:57,380
-very useful as well.
-
-24
-00:00:59,410 --> 00:01:00,840
-Okay. So let's see. Well, first of all, let
-
-25
-00:01:00,840 --> 00:01:03,030
-me, seems like that this is already pretty crowded,
-
-26
-00:01:03,030 --> 00:01:06,770
-right? We have a number of, classes. So let's
-
-27
-00:01:06,770 --> 00:01:10,580
-see if there's, some class that may be superfluous and
-
-28
-00:01:10,580 --> 00:01:13,310
-we can model in a different way. So, for
-
-29
-00:01:13,310 --> 00:01:16,360
-example, you, while, while thinking of this I was thinking,
-
-30
-00:01:16,360 --> 00:01:19,450
-the library card, it doesn't really contain much
-
-31
-00:01:19,450 --> 00:01:22,736
-information, right? So is it basically just the number?
-
-32
-00:01:22,736 --> 00:01:23,948
-
-33
-00:01:23,948 --> 00:01:30,760
-The card has a number on it. We have a separate vendor that does that for us so.
-
-34
-00:01:30,760 --> 00:01:30,810
->> Oh.
-
-35
-00:01:30,810 --> 00:01:33,270
->> We don't need, it doesn't need to be part of this system,
-
-36
-00:01:33,270 --> 00:01:35,450
-we just have to make sure that every patron has a library card.
-
-37
-00:01:35,450 --> 00:01:37,670
->> Okay, so basically for you, in a sense, the library
-
-38
-00:01:37,670 --> 00:01:41,560
-card is just an ID that gets associated with a patron.
-
-39
-00:01:41,560 --> 00:01:42,120
->> That's right.
-
-40
-00:01:42,120 --> 00:01:45,380
->> So I think that the best way to represent this, I mean, unless you
-
-41
-00:01:45,380 --> 00:01:47,000
-need an entity because you are creating it
-
-42
-00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:49,160
-yourself, but it seems like you are not.
-
-43
-00:01:49,160 --> 00:01:52,710
-I would just remove this one and I would like to put this,
-
-44
-00:01:52,710 --> 00:01:56,020
-basically to take the library card number and add it to the pattern.
-
-45
-00:01:56,020 --> 00:01:57,100
->> Okay, makes sense.
-
-46
-00:01:57,100 --> 00:02:03,000
->> Okay, so I'll add it here. And as
-
-47
-00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:06,160
-an additional attribute. Okay, and it will eliminate this class.
-
-48
-00:02:06,160 --> 00:02:06,410
->> Okay.
-
-49
-00:02:06,410 --> 00:02:07,580
->> Okay.
-
-50
-00:02:09,690 --> 00:02:11,700
-Oh, and, wait a second, so I guess
-
-51
-00:02:11,700 --> 00:02:13,940
-also the child needs a library card number, right?
-
-52
-00:02:13,940 --> 00:02:18,320
->> Child needs a library card number, but let me ask you about that. Is,
-
-53
-00:02:18,320 --> 00:02:22,050
-is child a separate class, or is it just another kind of patron?
-
-54
-00:02:22,050 --> 00:02:24,920
->> Oh, I see, I see. Because, yeah, it
-
-55
-00:02:24,920 --> 00:02:28,490
-is sort of a special patron, right? And, so
-
-56
-00:02:28,490 --> 00:02:31,730
-maybe we should, maybe we should represent it as
-
-57
-00:02:31,730 --> 00:02:35,640
-a kind of a refinement of the patron.
-
-58
-00:02:35,640 --> 00:02:38,730
-Hm, but then that made me think. So what is
-
-59
-00:02:38,730 --> 00:02:42,510
-the only thing that characterizes children? Is it just the age?
-
-60
-00:02:42,510 --> 00:02:47,440
->> Well, if they're, that they can't check out more than five books.
-
-61
-00:02:47,440 --> 00:02:48,890
->> Okay. And the, and the only difference is the
-
-62
-00:02:48,890 --> 00:02:52,010
-fact that they are less than, you know, twelve years old.
-
-63
-00:02:52,010 --> 00:02:52,710
->> Twelve or less, right.
-
-64
-00:02:52,710 --> 00:02:56,090
->> Twelve or less. So, I guess, you know, I would probably
-
-65
-00:02:56,090 --> 00:03:01,120
-like to represent this by making the age explicit in the patron rather
-
-66
-00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:04,730
-than to represent it as a class. And I'll tell you why,
-
-67
-00:03:04,730 --> 00:03:08,300
-because one, one of the issues, and you know, that might happen
-
-68
-00:03:08,300 --> 00:03:13,070
-again, is that, basically, there are patrons that are children. And they're
-
-69
-00:03:13,070 --> 00:03:17,130
-no longer children, when they come you know 13 or older right.
-
-70
-00:03:17,130 --> 00:03:18,100
->> Right.
-
-71
-00:03:18,100 --> 00:03:21,990
->> And if we represent them with a separate class in a sense, then we
-
-72
-00:03:21,990 --> 00:03:26,620
-cannot really change the type of an instance of these classes.
-
-73
-00:03:26,620 --> 00:03:28,920
-So we're left to kind of destroy the patron, create
-
-74
-00:03:28,920 --> 00:03:31,190
-a new one, so that means we also have to transfer
-
-75
-00:03:31,190 --> 00:03:33,510
-any history we want to keep history and so on.
-
-76
-00:03:33,510 --> 00:03:35,680
-So I, I think I kind of like better the idea
-
-77
-00:03:35,680 --> 00:03:39,560
-that I represent the age exclusively in
-
-78
-00:03:39,560 --> 00:03:42,700
-the patron, and then I'll behave differently, based on whether the
-
-79
-00:03:42,700 --> 00:03:45,910
-patron is 12 years old, or younger, or 13 or,
-
-80
-00:03:45,910 --> 00:03:49,600
-13 or older. This, do you see any problem with that?
-
-81
-00:03:49,600 --> 00:03:51,210
->> It makes things a little simpler.
-
-82
-00:03:51,210 --> 00:03:51,490
->> Okay,
-
-83
-00:03:51,490 --> 00:03:53,550
-and we actually, it allows us also to eliminate
-
-84
-00:03:53,550 --> 00:03:56,450
-one class here. So I'm going to proceed this way.
-
-85
-00:03:56,450 --> 00:03:59,450
-I'm going to eliminate the children class, and I'm going to
-
-86
-00:03:59,450 --> 00:04:03,600
-put the age in the patron. Okay, and let me
-
-87
-00:04:03,600 --> 00:04:07,020
-see. But in this spirit, actually, something else that jumps
-
-88
-00:04:07,020 --> 00:04:09,740
-at me is this idea of the bestseller, because I
-
-89
-00:04:09,740 --> 00:04:11,850
-kind of feel like, we might have the same
-
-90
-00:04:11,850 --> 00:04:15,085
-problem. So, what is the story? What is a bestseller.
-
-91
-00:04:15,085 --> 00:04:16,850
->> Well it's
-
-92
-00:04:16,850 --> 00:04:20,750
-an item that we want to restrict how
-
-93
-00:04:20,750 --> 00:04:23,896
-long people can keep, because there is such demand for it.
-
-94
-00:04:23,896 --> 00:04:26,880
->> I see, and so basically a book that's a
-
-95
-00:04:26,880 --> 00:04:30,450
-bestseller, like the New York Times bestseller, is a bestseller forever?
-
-96
-00:04:30,450 --> 00:04:32,683
->> No, no, no it's hot for
-
-97
-00:04:32,683 --> 00:04:35,940
-awhile, and then it becomes just a regular item.
-
-98
-00:04:35,940 --> 00:04:38,318
->> I see. Hm. Then I guess it's a
-
-99
-00:04:38,318 --> 00:04:40,349
-similar situation to the one I was mentioning before, right?
-
-100
-00:04:40,349 --> 00:04:40,980
->> Okay.
-
-101
-00:04:40,980 --> 00:04:41,800
->> That if we have a book,
-
-102
-00:04:41,800 --> 00:04:44,530
-it will kind of have to change its type if it becomes a best seller.
-
-103
-00:04:44,530 --> 00:04:47,218
-Then we have to change its type again, if it's no longer a best seller.
-
-104
-00:04:47,218 --> 00:04:47,790
->> Right.
-
-105
-00:04:47,790 --> 00:04:48,920
->> So it seems to me that a better
-
-106
-00:04:48,920 --> 00:04:52,150
-way to represent this, is just to eliminate this BestSeller
-
-107
-00:04:52,150 --> 00:04:55,060
-class and instead, I'm going to put the best seller
-
-108
-00:04:55,060 --> 00:04:58,190
-attribute, which would just be a Boolean in the book.
-
-109
-00:04:58,190 --> 00:05:00,190
->> Okay, what do you mean by Boolean?
-
-110
-00:05:00,190 --> 00:05:02,280
->> Right. We don't know what Boolean is, right? The Boolean is
-
-111
-00:05:02,280 --> 00:05:04,940
-basically just a number. It can have two values, right? True or false.
-
-112
-00:05:04,940 --> 00:05:05,380
->> Okay.
-
-113
-00:05:05,380 --> 00:05:06,830
->> So we usually, normally use it
-
-114
-00:05:06,830 --> 00:05:09,510
-in this in this case. Imagine one, zero,
-
-115
-00:05:09,510 --> 00:05:10,970
-right? Then it's just kind of the basic.
-
-116
-00:05:10,970 --> 00:05:11,120
->> Okay.
-
-117
-00:05:11,120 --> 00:05:12,250
->> You know, the bits, right?
-
-118
-00:05:12,250 --> 00:05:12,590
->> Okay.
-
-119
-00:05:12,590 --> 00:05:14,730
->> So, this is just telling us, it's like a flag
-
-120
-00:05:14,730 --> 00:05:16,672
-that is telling this book is a best seller, or not.
-
-121
-00:05:16,672 --> 00:05:17,053
->> Okay.
-
-122
-00:05:17,053 --> 00:05:20,920
->> It's very easy to change this value and make a book a best
-
-123
-00:05:20,920 --> 00:05:22,880
-seller or not a best seller, than
-
-124
-00:05:22,880 --> 00:05:26,210
-just creating and destroying instances of these classes.
-
-125
-00:05:26,210 --> 00:05:27,135
->> Okay, makes sense.
-
-126
-00:05:27,135 --> 00:05:32,630
->> Okay, so at this point, this already looks better, right? Because we have,
-
-127
-00:05:32,630 --> 00:05:35,590
-less classes, and I think we did, yeah, we
-
-128
-00:05:35,590 --> 00:05:38,775
-did some serious cleanup. That's good. Okay, so now that
-
-129
-00:05:38,775 --> 00:05:40,975
-we eliminated some of this, what I would like to
-
-130
-00:05:40,975 --> 00:05:42,845
-do, as I said, we are going to both clean
-
-131
-00:05:42,845 --> 00:05:45,222
-up, but also refine. I would like to go
-
-132
-00:05:45,222 --> 00:05:48,826
-back to our, requirements and see whether we can identify
-
-133
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-additional attributes for this, class that maybe are not as
-
-134
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-obvious as the one that we saw so far, okay?
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/4 - Adding Attributes - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/4 - Adding Attributes - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 0a48aae..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/4 - Adding Attributes - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,352 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:02,880
-Okay, so let me look at the requirements and
-
-2
-00:00:05,500 --> 00:00:09,150
-it's something that I can see here that we didn't point out before is that
-
-3
-00:00:09,150 --> 00:00:13,540
-there seems to be clearly some concept of a due date. And I'm telling you why
-
-4
-00:00:13,540 --> 00:00:17,610
-I'm saying that because here, for example, I notice that it says when items are
-
-5
-00:00:17,610 --> 00:00:22,580
-due. We mention overdue several times, so is
-
-6
-00:00:22,580 --> 00:00:24,410
-this something we need to keep track of?
-
-7
-00:00:24,410 --> 00:00:27,510
->> Yeah remember when we used to stamp them on the books? In the stamp pad?
-
-8
-00:00:27,510 --> 00:00:28,240
->> Oh yeah yeah yeah! Oh course!
-
-9
-00:00:28,240 --> 00:00:30,600
->> Right? Yeah we definitely keep track of,
-
-10
-00:00:30,600 --> 00:00:32,390
-the system has to keep track of when books are due.
-
-11
-00:00:32,390 --> 00:00:35,300
->> Okay. So it seems to me that one good way
-
-12
-00:00:35,300 --> 00:00:39,660
-of doing that is by basically adding an attribute to the, item.
-
-13
-00:00:39,660 --> 00:00:40,590
->> Okay.
-
-14
-00:00:40,590 --> 00:00:41,910
->> And I'll just call it due date.
-
-15
-00:00:41,910 --> 00:00:42,400
->> Okay.
-
-16
-00:00:42,400 --> 00:00:45,360
->> So basically for each item in case it's loaned
-
-17
-00:00:45,360 --> 00:00:48,315
-there will be this attribute that will contain the value of
-
-18
-00:00:48,315 --> 00:00:48,520
->> Okay.
-
-19
-00:00:48,520 --> 00:00:55,710
->> Of when, when the item is due. And then, something else that I noticed
-
-20
-00:00:55,710 --> 00:00:58,734
-here is that down here, it seems like
-
-21
-00:00:58,734 --> 00:01:00,900
-the requirements are saying that an item can
-
-22
-00:01:00,900 --> 00:01:04,190
-be renewed only once. So, I guess, that's
-
-23
-00:01:04,190 --> 00:01:05,933
-something we need to keep track of, right?
-
-24
-00:01:05,933 --> 00:01:06,056
->> Yeah.
-
-25
-00:01:06,056 --> 00:01:06,700
->> The system needs to know.
-
-26
-00:01:06,700 --> 00:01:08,360
->> We have to know whether they've renewed it or not.
-
-27
-00:01:08,360 --> 00:01:14,132
->> Okay so, I'll do a similar thing here. I think I want to go and add a an
-
-28
-00:01:14,132 --> 00:01:19,140
-attribute that we'd call number of times renewed, and add it to the item class.
-
-29
-00:01:19,140 --> 00:01:19,760
->> Okay.
-
-30
-00:01:19,760 --> 00:01:21,140
->> And this is kind of more generic
-
-31
-00:01:21,140 --> 00:01:23,180
-than what you need, because here it says only once, but
-
-32
-00:01:23,180 --> 00:01:25,800
-let's say that in the future you want to allow it to,
-
-33
-00:01:25,800 --> 00:01:28,690
-kind of renew twice, you'll be able to use these attributes again
-
-34
-00:01:28,690 --> 00:01:31,090
-because, we can just count how many times it was renewed. Okay?
-
-35
-00:01:31,090 --> 00:01:31,680
->> Makes sense.
-
-36
-00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:35,980
->> Alright. And one last thing I want to point out.
-
-37
-00:01:35,980 --> 00:01:38,310
-And this seems obvious but I'm going to check with
-
-38
-00:01:38,310 --> 00:01:43,150
-you anyways. And seems like there is a basically the
-
-39
-00:01:43,150 --> 00:01:46,090
-need to keep track of whether an item is checked
-
-40
-00:01:46,090 --> 00:01:48,210
-out or not. If you look at the text here,
-
-41
-00:01:48,210 --> 00:01:51,080
-the requirements here, I can see that check out and checked out are
-
-42
-00:01:51,080 --> 00:01:55,070
-mentioned five times. So, I'm assuming that that's something also
-
-43
-00:01:55,070 --> 00:01:58,080
-that we want to know about an item, whether it's checked out or not.
-
-44
-00:01:58,080 --> 00:01:59,970
->> We have to keep track of whether they're checked out.
-
-45
-00:01:59,970 --> 00:02:01,930
->> Okay, so I'll add an
-
-46
-00:02:01,930 --> 00:02:04,340
-additional attribute there. So I'm going to again go
-
-47
-00:02:04,340 --> 00:02:06,480
-back to the diagram and I'm
-
-48
-00:02:06,480 --> 00:02:10,139
-just going to write here also the checked out attribute.
-
-49
-00:02:12,260 --> 00:02:14,590
-And, I think that's it as far as I'm
-
-50
-00:02:14,590 --> 00:02:16,330
-concerned. Is there anything that you think is missing?
-
-51
-00:02:16,330 --> 00:02:21,077
->> Well, I do have a question. Would checked out,
-
-52
-00:02:21,077 --> 00:02:27,140
-better not be the case that someone can check out a reference book.
-
-53
-00:02:27,140 --> 00:02:28,400
->> Oh, I see, I see.
-
-54
-00:02:28,400 --> 00:02:30,120
->> Okay. I mean, it's only the books and
-
-55
-00:02:30,120 --> 00:02:31,780
-the audio visual material that can be checked out.
-
-56
-00:02:31,780 --> 00:02:37,790
->> Right, right, right. Okay, so I, I guess, well the way I will fix that is,
-
-57
-00:02:37,790 --> 00:02:42,300
-I'll probably put yet another attribute in the item class, and I'll
-
-58
-00:02:42,300 --> 00:02:45,860
-call it loanable. And basically, this attribute is just telling us whether
-
-59
-00:02:45,860 --> 00:02:49,580
-an item is loanable or not. So, when it's not true and
-
-60
-00:02:49,580 --> 00:02:53,480
-loanable is not on. Basically, that item can be checked out.
-
-61
-00:02:53,480 --> 00:02:55,174
->> Okay. And, the system would know this.
-
-62
-00:02:55,174 --> 00:02:56,450
->> The system will know that.
-
-63
-00:02:56,450 --> 00:02:57,160
->> And prevent it from happening.
-
-64
-00:02:57,160 --> 00:02:58,240
->> And prevent it from happening. Okay?
-
-65
-00:02:58,240 --> 00:02:58,750
->> Alright.
-
-66
-00:02:58,750 --> 00:03:02,918
->> Perfect. So, we're going to do that and, any other objections,
-
-67
-00:03:02,918 --> 00:03:04,035
-any other?
-
-68
-00:03:04,035 --> 00:03:05,730
->> No, that was my question.
-
-69
-00:03:05,730 --> 00:03:08,040
->> Okay, perfect, so what I'm going to do next, I
-
-70
-00:03:08,040 --> 00:03:11,130
-mean, I haven't mentioned that yet, but you know classes right
-
-71
-00:03:11,130 --> 00:03:12,890
-now we just looked at the attributes right that give
-
-72
-00:03:12,890 --> 00:03:16,140
-you sort of the state of the class. And there's something
-
-73
-00:03:16,140 --> 00:03:19,185
-else, there's a second part of the class that is kind of
-
-74
-00:03:19,185 --> 00:03:22,520
-an orthogonal aspect, which is what the class can do. And we
-
-75
-00:03:22,520 --> 00:03:25,640
-call those operations. So normally these kinds also have operations, I
-
-76
-00:03:25,640 --> 00:03:28,000
-guess you know it would make sense to you as well.
-
-77
-00:03:28,000 --> 00:03:30,070
-And one way, one very natural way to
-
-78
-00:03:30,070 --> 00:03:33,310
-identify operations is to look at the requirements and
-
-79
-00:03:33,310 --> 00:03:36,850
-look for verbs. Because verbs associated with an item
-
-80
-00:03:36,850 --> 00:03:38,480
-will tell you basically what the item can do.
-
-81
-00:03:38,480 --> 00:03:38,900
->> Okay.
-
-82
-00:03:38,900 --> 00:03:41,250
->> So I, I'd like to go back to the requirements and
-
-83
-00:03:41,250 --> 00:03:45,110
-start, the same way in which we underlined, nouns, we're going to underline
-
-84
-00:03:45,110 --> 00:03:49,340
-verbs and we're going to see which ones of those verbs actually represent
-
-85
-00:03:49,340 --> 00:03:53,120
-actions that we want to represent explicitly, we want to model explicitly in
-
-86
-00:03:53,120 --> 00:03:53,950
-our class diagram.
-
-87
-00:03:53,950 --> 00:03:54,490
->> Okay.
-
-88
-00:03:54,490 --> 00:03:54,750
->> Okay.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/5 - Identifying Operations - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/5 - Identifying Operations - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 74ca388..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/5 - Identifying Operations - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,304 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,460 --> 00:00:03,276
->> And before we get started actually, I'd like to mention that there's
-
-2
-00:00:03,276 --> 00:00:05,124
-just, you know, FYI, there's different kinds
-
-3
-00:00:05,124 --> 00:00:06,708
-of verbs because what I'm looking for
-
-4
-00:00:06,708 --> 00:00:10,099
-is really action verbs. So verb, verbs that clearly express an action that
-
-5
-00:00:10,099 --> 00:00:13,580
-can tell me that, you know, what, for example, an item could do, 'kay?
-
-6
-00:00:13,580 --> 00:00:13,820
->> Okay?
-
-7
-00:00:13,820 --> 00:00:16,620
->> Not the verbs that represent, for example, relationships, 'kay?
-
-8
-00:00:16,620 --> 00:00:17,076
->> Okay.
-
-9
-00:00:17,076 --> 00:00:19,080
->> So, and the, there, and the ones
-
-10
-00:00:19,080 --> 00:00:22,020
-that I've identified und, underlined here actually, I,
-
-11
-00:00:22,020 --> 00:00:26,158
-I underlined complete sentences so that you kind of we can look at the verbs in
-
-12
-00:00:26,158 --> 00:00:29,150
-in context. And the first one is this
-
-13
-00:00:29,150 --> 00:00:30,850
-sentence that says that the library may need
-
-14
-00:00:30,850 --> 00:00:33,190
-to know or to calculate the items a
-
-15
-00:00:33,190 --> 00:00:35,790
-patron has checked out, when they are due, and
-
-16
-00:00:35,790 --> 00:00:38,860
-any outstanding overdue fines. So I, I will
-
-17
-00:00:38,860 --> 00:00:41,430
-imagine that this is representing a situation in
-
-18
-00:00:41,430 --> 00:00:44,224
-which you bring up a patron's record and
-
-19
-00:00:44,224 --> 00:00:46,131
-you start looking up this information. Is that [CROSSTALK]
-
-20
-00:00:46,131 --> 00:00:50,970
->> The, the patron often wants to know what they have currently checked out.
-
-21
-00:00:50,970 --> 00:00:51,044
->> Oh,
-
-22
-00:00:51,044 --> 00:00:51,282
-alright.
-
-23
-00:00:51,282 --> 00:00:53,260
->> Or when are their due or how much they're owed or.
-
-24
-00:00:53,260 --> 00:00:55,100
->> Oh, in fact, and then now that you mentioned it,
-
-25
-00:00:55,100 --> 00:00:57,500
-I think you sent me. One of the scenarios you sent
-
-26
-00:00:57,500 --> 00:00:59,400
-me had to do with that, right, with the patron coming
-
-27
-00:00:59,400 --> 00:01:01,930
-in and asking for this information. So yeah, and it makes
-
-28
-00:01:01,930 --> 00:01:05,025
-a lot of sense. So what I'm going to do, I'm going to
-
-29
-00:01:05,025 --> 00:01:10,520
-model this by adding this three operations to the patron method.
-
-30
-00:01:10,520 --> 00:01:13,410
-The first one, I'm going to call, itemsCheckedOut and, basically, it's an
-
-31
-00:01:13,410 --> 00:01:16,520
-operation, but you don't need to, you know, understand the implementation
-
-32
-00:01:16,520 --> 00:01:18,820
-details, but when you call this operation, it will
-
-33
-00:01:18,820 --> 00:01:21,770
-give you back exactly this information, so the items
-
-34
-00:01:21,770 --> 00:01:23,864
-that are checked out by that patron. The second
-
-35
-00:01:23,864 --> 00:01:25,965
-one, I'm going to call it whenDue. That will tell you
-
-36
-00:01:25,965 --> 00:01:29,080
-basically when a, when an item is due. And
-
-37
-00:01:29,080 --> 00:01:32,550
-the third one is going to be called the outstandingOverdueFines and,
-
-38
-00:01:32,550 --> 00:01:34,510
-you know, as the name says, it's going to tell
-
-39
-00:01:34,510 --> 00:01:36,860
-you what are the outstanding overdue fines for that patron.
-
-40
-00:01:36,860 --> 00:01:37,300
->> Okay.
-
-41
-00:01:37,300 --> 00:01:39,306
->> And as you might notice I mean,
-
-42
-00:01:39,306 --> 00:01:41,843
-I, I'm going to separate the, the, the attributes
-
-43
-00:01:41,843 --> 00:01:44,085
-from the operations by having a separate kind
-
-44
-00:01:44,085 --> 00:01:46,386
-of subrectangle so, in this way, it's clear
-
-45
-00:01:46,386 --> 00:01:48,274
-what is attribute and what is, what is
-
-46
-00:01:48,274 --> 00:01:51,000
-an attribute and what's an, what's an operation.
-
-47
-00:01:51,000 --> 00:01:51,420
->> Gotcha.
-
-48
-00:01:51,420 --> 00:01:57,540
->> And let me see then. Okay, for the
-
-49
-00:01:57,540 --> 00:02:00,040
-second one you can see that that patron can check
-
-50
-00:02:00,040 --> 00:02:02,990
-out books and audio visual materials. So I guess,
-
-51
-00:02:02,990 --> 00:02:06,880
-similarly you, you build kind of the record for a patron.
-
-52
-00:02:06,880 --> 00:02:09,150
-The patron will give you an item and you will record
-
-53
-00:02:09,150 --> 00:02:11,020
-the fact that the patron is kind of checking it out.
-
-54
-00:02:11,020 --> 00:02:15,730
->> Right. And is that operation related to this,
-
-55
-00:02:15,730 --> 00:02:18,150
-the checked out attribute that we did a minute ago?
-
-56
-00:02:18,150 --> 00:02:21,495
->> It is actually because what will happen then again, you know, if we jump
-
-57
-00:02:21,495 --> 00:02:24,975
-ahead a little bit would be that every time you invoke this operation. So I'm
-
-58
-00:02:24,975 --> 00:02:26,810
-going to represent this as a checkOut operation
-
-59
-00:02:26,810 --> 00:02:28,896
-for the patron. Every time you invoke this,
-
-60
-00:02:28,896 --> 00:02:31,920
-you will also have to say something about the item and so we will also
-
-61
-00:02:31,920 --> 00:02:35,700
-flip kind of that that, that build information in the, in the, in the item.
-
-62
-00:02:35,700 --> 00:02:36,904
->> Okay.
-
-63
-00:02:36,904 --> 00:02:39,680
->> Mm, 'kay? And, and finally, here, I can see that
-
-64
-00:02:39,680 --> 00:02:42,660
-a patron can request a book or an audio video item Is
-
-65
-00:02:42,660 --> 00:02:46,240
-not currently in. So I guess this is referring to items that
-
-66
-00:02:46,240 --> 00:02:48,980
-are already checked out but for which there is interest. Is that?
-
-67
-00:02:48,980 --> 00:02:54,770
->> Right. So, particularly, the popular items the patrons want to get on
-
-68
-00:02:54,770 --> 00:02:57,140
-the list so that they get notified when it comes back in and.
-
-69
-00:02:57,140 --> 00:02:57,204
->> Oh.
-
-70
-00:02:57,204 --> 00:02:57,730
->> And check it out.
-
-71
-00:02:57,730 --> 00:03:00,570
->> I see. I see. Okay. Then I'm going to do
-
-72
-00:03:00,570 --> 00:03:04,400
-the same thing here. I'm, I'm going to add this method,
-
-73
-00:03:04,400 --> 00:03:08,510
-which I'm going to call request and I'm going to put it
-
-74
-00:03:08,510 --> 00:03:11,340
-here in the list of the methods in the list.
-
-75
-00:03:11,340 --> 00:03:11,450
->> Okay.
-
-76
-00:03:11,450 --> 00:03:12,810
->> Of operations for the, for the patron, okay?
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/6 - Adding Relationships - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/6 - Adding Relationships - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index d47ef80..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/6 - Adding Relationships - lang_en.srt	
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@@ -1,488 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,420 --> 00:00:02,740
-OK I like the way this class diagram is
-
-2
-00:00:02,740 --> 00:00:05,850
-coming along. So at this point I think we
-
-3
-00:00:05,850 --> 00:00:08,300
-have all the classes that we need. For each
-
-4
-00:00:08,300 --> 00:00:12,250
-class we specified the attributes or the characteristics of the
-
-5
-00:00:12,250 --> 00:00:15,150
-class. And we also specified the operations so we
-
-6
-00:00:15,150 --> 00:00:18,710
-know what the class can do And, I like to
-
-7
-00:00:18,710 --> 00:00:22,110
-kind of move forward on this, but I first
-
-8
-00:00:22,110 --> 00:00:25,690
-want to see that you're fine with the class structure.
-
-9
-00:00:25,690 --> 00:00:27,500
-So that's the way the class structure is going
-
-10
-00:00:27,500 --> 00:00:29,880
-to be in terms of attributes and operations. So anything
-
-11
-00:00:29,880 --> 00:00:34,910
-that bothers you? Well, one thing I didn't understand
-
-12
-00:00:34,910 --> 00:00:38,090
-is how come you put check out over where
-
-13
-00:00:38,090 --> 00:00:40,350
-the patron when it's really the item being checked
-
-14
-00:00:40,350 --> 00:00:46,280
-out? Right. Okay. So that actually is you know, is a perfect
-
-15
-00:00:46,280 --> 00:00:48,030
-segway for the next thing that really wanted
-
-16
-00:00:48,030 --> 00:00:50,780
-to model. Because what you're talking about is basically a
-
-17
-00:00:50,780 --> 00:00:54,100
-relationship between two classes which is something we haven't touched on
-
-18
-00:00:54,100 --> 00:00:57,582
-yet. So we haven't, haven't looked at individual classes. But now, it
-
-19
-00:00:57,582 --> 00:01:00,720
-is typical, now we are looking more at requirements, we're starting to
-
-20
-00:01:00,720 --> 00:01:04,800
-find more things about our system, and what you're pointed out right
-
-21
-00:01:04,800 --> 00:01:08,370
-now is the fact that patron and item are somehow related. So
-
-22
-00:01:08,370 --> 00:01:11,020
-this checkout operation is not really something that belongs only on in
-
-23
-00:01:11,020 --> 00:01:13,660
-the patron, because it needs to know about the item. And it
-
-24
-00:01:13,660 --> 00:01:15,790
-doesn't belong only on the item because it needs to know about
-
-25
-00:01:15,790 --> 00:01:19,640
-the patron. So, it's something that associates the patron and
-
-26
-00:01:19,640 --> 00:01:22,600
-the item. Okay. And that's exactly the way we call
-
-27
-00:01:22,600 --> 00:01:24,630
-in the UML which is the notation that we're using
-
-28
-00:01:24,630 --> 00:01:29,060
-here this kind of relationship. So, we're going to represent that
-
-29
-00:01:29,060 --> 00:01:32,820
-by drawing a line between these two classes that tells
-
-30
-00:01:32,820 --> 00:01:35,220
-us there is an association. And we're also going to
-
-31
-00:01:35,220 --> 00:01:37,890
-give a name to this. Since this refers to the
-
-32
-00:01:37,890 --> 00:01:40,280
-fact of checking out items. We're just going to call
-
-33
-00:01:40,280 --> 00:01:43,794
-it, checkout. Gotcha. And notice that this basically you
-
-34
-00:01:43,794 --> 00:01:48,500
-know,eventually will end up kind of replacing this attribute. Because
-
-35
-00:01:48,500 --> 00:01:51,780
-the existence of this association will tell us that
-
-36
-00:01:51,780 --> 00:01:53,932
-this is checked out. We're, we're not going to, you know,
-
-37
-00:01:53,932 --> 00:01:55,428
-do it right now, but in the final cleanup
-
-38
-00:01:55,428 --> 00:01:58,750
-or the diagram, this name will disappear. Okay. Okay.
-
-39
-00:01:58,750 --> 00:02:02,190
-And so since we started talking about relationships and
-
-40
-00:02:02,190 --> 00:02:05,280
-associations, is there any other kind of relationship that you
-
-41
-00:02:05,280 --> 00:02:08,805
-see here? Well, what you just did with checked
-
-42
-00:02:08,805 --> 00:02:12,009
-out is, it seems similar to the whole issue
-
-43
-00:02:12,009 --> 00:02:16,090
-of requests. It is, it is. So a request
-
-44
-00:02:16,090 --> 00:02:19,580
-is something else that happens in both, you know, in
-
-45
-00:02:19,580 --> 00:02:22,090
-the patron and in the item, it involves both.
-
-46
-00:02:22,090 --> 00:02:24,070
-And in fact in a request, I would definitely
-
-47
-00:02:24,070 --> 00:02:26,950
-represent this as an additional association. So I will
-
-48
-00:02:26,950 --> 00:02:30,730
-just draw an another line between these two that represent
-
-49
-00:02:30,730 --> 00:02:33,804
-that specific kind of relationship and I will call it
-
-50
-00:02:33,804 --> 00:02:37,330
-request. So that indicates that this association refers to a
-
-51
-00:02:37,330 --> 00:02:41,660
-request that also connects the patron with an item. Okay.
-
-52
-00:02:41,660 --> 00:02:45,710
-And, let's see. Any, anything else that jumps at you?
-
-53
-00:02:45,710 --> 00:02:47,590
-Yeah, well, how about all these ones down at the
-
-54
-00:02:47,590 --> 00:02:50,080
-bottom? I mean book and item's got to be
-
-55
-00:02:50,080 --> 00:02:52,920
-related, right? A book is a kind of item, And
-
-56
-00:02:52,920 --> 00:02:55,860
-audiovisual... are there associations between them? Can you repeat
-
-57
-00:02:55,860 --> 00:02:58,790
-that, you said that the book, yeah? Is
-
-58
-00:02:58,790 --> 00:03:02,550
-a kind of item. Perfect, that's exactly what we're
-
-59
-00:03:02,550 --> 00:03:04,700
-modeling next, which is, this, what we call the
-
-60
-00:03:04,700 --> 00:03:07,900
-is-a relationship. So you said, a book is an item?
-
-61
-00:03:07,900 --> 00:03:13,346
-A book is an item. And, we can model that in the diagram. So, we do that
-
-62
-00:03:13,346 --> 00:03:17,409
-using another kind of relationship between the classes. So
-
-63
-00:03:17,409 --> 00:03:21,210
-we're going to represent that as a specialization we call it.
-
-64
-00:03:21,210 --> 00:03:24,890
-And, a specialization is indicated in this way. Okay?
-
-65
-00:03:24,890 --> 00:03:27,410
-With this arrow at the end, so a solid
-
-66
-00:03:27,410 --> 00:03:30,800
-with this kind of arrow at the end. And
-
-67
-00:03:30,800 --> 00:03:34,160
-we can do the same for book, magazine, reference book
-
-68
-00:03:34,160 --> 00:03:36,200
-and audiovisual material. So we're all going to connect,
-
-69
-00:03:36,200 --> 00:03:37,950
-we're going to connect all of them, to the
-
-70
-00:03:37,950 --> 00:03:43,190
-item, using the same kind of connection. And now
-
-71
-00:03:43,190 --> 00:03:47,200
-that we have connected all these four, with item
-
-72
-00:03:47,200 --> 00:03:50,620
-and indicated them in subclasses. That's something else that we can
-
-73
-00:03:50,620 --> 00:03:54,370
-do. So we can make this kind of cleaner. And I'll
-
-74
-00:03:54,370 --> 00:03:56,360
-tell you what I mean by that. So now we have
-
-75
-00:03:56,360 --> 00:04:00,190
-this loanable attribute that refers to item, but it seems to
-
-76
-00:04:00,190 --> 00:04:03,100
-me from what you were saying before, that loanable is not
-
-77
-00:04:03,100 --> 00:04:05,490
-really an attribute of an item. Right? It's more of a
-
-78
-00:04:05,490 --> 00:04:09,240
-characteristic of the type of item. Right. Is that right? Right.
-
-79
-00:04:09,240 --> 00:04:13,120
-Books, and audio/visual are loanable but the others aren't.
-
-80
-00:04:13,120 --> 00:04:16,450
-Okay, and so representing it here, it's okay to,
-
-81
-00:04:16,450 --> 00:04:20,579
-it will work. But it's not really right so from
-
-82
-00:04:20,579 --> 00:04:23,590
-the style standpoint it doesn't really you know,
-
-83
-00:04:23,590 --> 00:04:26,100
-it's not the best way of modeling this. What we're going to
-
-84
-00:04:26,100 --> 00:04:30,130
-do instead, we're going to use this specialization relationship to make
-
-85
-00:04:30,130 --> 00:04:33,000
-that more explicit. To make it cleaner. Okay, so what
-
-86
-00:04:33,000 --> 00:04:35,300
-I'm doing here is I'm going to take this hierarchy
-
-87
-00:04:35,300 --> 00:04:38,130
-of classes, this is just on two levels now, and I'm
-
-88
-00:04:38,130 --> 00:04:40,380
-going to kind of make it a little richer.
-
-89
-00:04:40,380 --> 00:04:43,470
-So I'm going to add an intermediate set of
-
-90
-00:04:43,470 --> 00:04:45,756
-classes. And in particular I'm going to have these two
-
-91
-00:04:45,756 --> 00:04:48,306
-classes that I'm going to call non loanable item and loanable
-
-92
-00:04:48,306 --> 00:04:51,790
-item. So, they're both items but they tell me
-
-93
-00:04:51,790 --> 00:04:55,490
-clearly that some items are loanable and some items
-
-94
-00:04:55,490 --> 00:04:59,392
-are not. Okay. Okay. And then I'm simply going to
-
-95
-00:04:59,392 --> 00:05:03,192
-put book and audio video material as subclasses of loanable
-
-96
-00:05:03,192 --> 00:05:07,980
-item and reference book and magazine as subclasses of non-loanable
-
-97
-00:05:07,980 --> 00:05:10,510
-item. So, if we look at this diagram now it's
-
-98
-00:05:10,510 --> 00:05:13,650
-pretty clear what is loanable and what is not. And
-
-99
-00:05:13,650 --> 00:05:16,070
-it's actually is a very clean, much cleaner
-
-100
-00:05:16,070 --> 00:05:18,980
-design. And, and I see you've, gotten rid of
-
-101
-00:05:18,980 --> 00:05:21,560
-the loanable attribute, too. I did. Because at
-
-102
-00:05:21,560 --> 00:05:24,130
-this point this is already represented by the fact of
-
-103
-00:05:24,130 --> 00:05:28,570
-having these two classes. And actually, something else that I did
-
-104
-00:05:28,570 --> 00:05:31,820
-is that I moved all these attributes, value,
-
-105
-00:05:31,820 --> 00:05:34,220
-due date, renewed and checked out, that makes
-
-106
-00:05:34,220 --> 00:05:37,452
-sense only for loanable item. From item to
-
-107
-00:05:37,452 --> 00:05:40,450
-loanable item. So at this point, this really
-
-108
-00:05:40,450 --> 00:05:42,600
-is telling me that, you know, these
-
-109
-00:05:42,600 --> 00:05:46,410
-characteristics are just meaningful for the loanable item,
-
-110
-00:05:46,410 --> 00:05:53,800
-and not for the other ones. Well, speaking of that, the way that you got the
-
-111
-00:05:53,800 --> 00:05:57,270
-lines going in the diagram here is you still have
-
-112
-00:05:57,270 --> 00:05:59,920
-request and checked out going to item, even though you
-
-113
-00:05:59,920 --> 00:06:02,610
-can't request non loanable Items. You can't check out non
-
-114
-00:06:02,610 --> 00:06:05,630
-loanable Items. Oh, you were right actually. You got me on
-
-115
-00:06:05,630 --> 00:06:10,940
-that one. You're exactly right. So this associations are between
-
-116
-00:06:10,940 --> 00:06:13,440
-the two wrong classes. So, I guess, at this point,
-
-117
-00:06:13,440 --> 00:06:16,450
-you can probably go and fix the diagram yourself. Well,
-
-118
-00:06:16,450 --> 00:06:19,120
-can we just make the lines go from patron to loanable
-
-119
-00:06:19,120 --> 00:06:21,640
-item instead of to item? That's exactly the way in which we
-
-120
-00:06:21,640 --> 00:06:25,550
-are going to fix it. So, we're going to move these two associations down
-
-121
-00:06:25,550 --> 00:06:29,190
-here. And at this point, this will represent the right relationships in
-
-122
-00:06:29,190 --> 00:06:31,850
-the, in the diagram, and in the system. Makes sense to me.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/7 - Refining Relationships - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/7 - Refining Relationships - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/7 - Refining Relationships - lang_en.srt	
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@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,350 --> 00:00:03,460
-Spencer, I gotta tell you, I'm impressed.
-
-2
-00:00:03,460 --> 00:00:05,441
-You're getting very good at this. So, why
-
-3
-00:00:05,441 --> 00:00:07,190
-don't you go wild and continue, there
-
-4
-00:00:07,190 --> 00:00:09,240
-anything else you think we can improve here?
-
-5
-00:00:09,240 --> 00:00:11,800
->> Well something was bothering
-
-6
-00:00:11,800 --> 00:00:14,600
-me, that what happens if there's more
-
-7
-00:00:14,600 --> 00:00:19,110
-than one book with the same title and somebody puts in a request?
-
-8
-00:00:19,110 --> 00:00:25,360
->> Oh, I see. That's a good point. So basically what you are telling me is
-
-9
-00:00:25,360 --> 00:00:28,630
-there's kind of a difference between an item and
-
-10
-00:00:28,630 --> 00:00:30,660
-the title, so the title is kind of a more
-
-11
-00:00:30,660 --> 00:00:32,940
-general concept, in a sense. So if you can
-
-12
-00:00:32,940 --> 00:00:35,830
-have multiple copies of a given title, is that right?
-
-13
-00:00:35,830 --> 00:00:38,460
->> Yeah, we have five copies of Tom Sawyer, and the
-
-14
-00:00:38,460 --> 00:00:42,810
-persons, the patrons, really putting in a request for any Tom Sawyer.
-
-15
-00:00:42,810 --> 00:00:45,332
->> They don't want like copy number three of Tom Sawyer, right? They want,
-
-16
-00:00:45,332 --> 00:00:50,530
-they want to read Tom Sawyer. Okay and I can represent that. So, in which
-
-17
-00:00:50,530 --> 00:00:55,230
-I suggest we do that, and you can tell me whether it makes sense to you is by
-
-18
-00:00:55,230 --> 00:00:59,650
-introducing an additional class, which I call Title. And
-
-19
-00:00:59,650 --> 00:01:02,614
-that represents exactly the concept that you're mentioning. So
-
-20
-00:01:02,614 --> 00:01:04,666
-this is a title which represents some
-
-21
-00:01:04,666 --> 00:01:09,180
-specific content. That is not related to a specific
-
-22
-00:01:09,180 --> 00:01:12,110
-physical element. Like it can be rated to multiple,
-
-23
-00:01:12,110 --> 00:01:15,520
-physical elements. So basically I'm going to create this title.
-
-24
-00:01:15,520 --> 00:01:18,100
-And then I'm going to create a relationship between
-
-25
-00:01:18,100 --> 00:01:20,500
-the title and the item. And what
-
-26
-00:01:20,500 --> 00:01:22,530
-the relationship is telling me, the the association
-
-27
-00:01:22,530 --> 00:01:25,512
-between these two in this case. Is an association,
-
-28
-00:01:25,512 --> 00:01:30,320
-that we call aggregation. So it's a special kind of association, that basically
-
-29
-00:01:30,320 --> 00:01:35,450
-indicates that an item of this type, so a title can
-
-30
-00:01:35,450 --> 00:01:40,692
-consist of a multiple elements of this type of multiple items.
-
-31
-00:01:40,692 --> 00:01:42,710
-So it's telling me that one title can
-
-32
-00:01:42,710 --> 00:01:45,700
-consist of multiple items, and I'm going to indicate
-
-33
-00:01:45,700 --> 00:01:48,560
-it with this annotation, which is a this
-
-34
-00:01:49,700 --> 00:01:53,200
-diamond at the top of the association.
-
-35
-00:01:53,200 --> 00:01:55,570
->> And so we can move our request
-
-36
-00:01:55,570 --> 00:01:57,510
-line, up from loanable item to
-
-37
-00:01:57,510 --> 00:01:59,010
-title, because that's what they're really requesting.
-
-38
-00:01:59,010 --> 00:02:00,710
->> Definitely, definitely, and in fact,
-
-39
-00:02:00,710 --> 00:02:02,420
-you know, that represents exactly the situation
-
-40
-00:02:02,420 --> 00:02:06,350
-that you are mentioning, at this point when the patron makes a request.
-
-41
-00:02:06,350 --> 00:02:12,240
-It makes a request to a title and not to a loanable item. And then, and
-
-42
-00:02:12,240 --> 00:02:15,420
-when the actual loan will take place,
-
-43
-00:02:15,420 --> 00:02:18,420
-then that will be connected to a specific item.
-
-44
-00:02:18,420 --> 00:02:20,090
->> Right. Okay that makes sense.
-
-45
-00:02:20,090 --> 00:02:20,388
->> Makes sense?
-
-46
-00:02:20,388 --> 00:02:20,779
->> Yeah.
-
-47
-00:02:20,779 --> 00:02:21,214
->> Okay, good.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/8 - Refining the Class Diagram - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/8 - Refining the Class Diagram - lang_en.srt
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-1
-00:00:00,260 --> 00:00:01,720
-Okay, so let me see if
-
-2
-00:00:01,720 --> 00:00:07,930
-anything changed after we did this last modification.
-
-3
-00:00:07,930 --> 00:00:09,530
-Acutally, there is someting that I would like
-
-4
-00:00:09,530 --> 00:00:12,120
-to do here. Because looking at this a little
-
-5
-00:00:12,120 --> 00:00:15,560
-bit more, I noticed that there are two
-
-6
-00:00:15,560 --> 00:00:18,760
-attributes, renewed and due date. That we have in
-
-7
-00:00:18,760 --> 00:00:21,640
-loanable Item, right? But they don't seem to
-
-8
-00:00:21,640 --> 00:00:25,590
-be really, attributes or characteristics of loanable Item.
-
-9
-00:00:25,590 --> 00:00:29,150
-They're more of the characteristics of the association between the
-
-10
-00:00:29,150 --> 00:00:31,450
-Loanable Item and the patron. Wouldn't you agree?
-
-11
-00:00:32,470 --> 00:00:34,230
->> Well, yeah, it's not like you could
-
-12
-00:00:34,230 --> 00:00:37,644
-only renew a book once in it's entire history.
-
-13
-00:00:37,644 --> 00:00:41,220
->> Right. Exactly, exactly. So, that's why what l like
-
-14
-00:00:41,220 --> 00:00:43,970
-to do is I would like to move those out of loanable
-
-15
-00:00:43,970 --> 00:00:48,020
-item. And actually there is a construct that we can use
-
-16
-00:00:48,020 --> 00:00:50,710
-to express this. It's called, we haven't seen it yet, but it's
-
-17
-00:00:50,710 --> 00:00:52,780
-a special kind of class. It's called an association
-
-18
-00:00:52,780 --> 00:00:55,480
-class. So, it's a class that is connected to
-
-19
-00:00:55,480 --> 00:00:57,730
-a specific association. So what we can do
-
-20
-00:00:57,730 --> 00:01:00,730
-here, we can create this class, which I'm going to
-
-21
-00:01:00,730 --> 00:01:05,200
-call checked out. I'm going to, associate it with
-
-22
-00:01:05,200 --> 00:01:09,520
-this, association. I'm going to connect it with this association. And
-
-23
-00:01:09,520 --> 00:01:11,620
-then I'm going to move the due date and the
-
-24
-00:01:11,620 --> 00:01:16,300
-renewed attributes From the LoanableItem here in this checked
-
-25
-00:01:16,300 --> 00:01:18,520
-out class. So in this way, seems to me that
-
-26
-00:01:18,520 --> 00:01:20,910
-it makes it very explicit for somebody looking at this
-
-27
-00:01:20,910 --> 00:01:25,530
-class diagram, that these characteristics are characteristics of the loan,
-
-28
-00:01:25,530 --> 00:01:28,200
-and not of the elements involved in the loan.
-
-29
-00:01:28,200 --> 00:01:33,410
->> Can you do the same thing with Fine, isn't Fine a property of the
-
-30
-00:01:33,410 --> 00:01:36,740
-loan? Yeah, actually is right because
-
-31
-00:01:36,740 --> 00:01:39,120
-a fine is a fine for a specific loan, right?
-
-32
-00:01:39,120 --> 00:01:39,910
->> That's correct.
-
-33
-00:01:39,910 --> 00:01:41,950
->> Okay, so yeah. Then we can do that.
-
-34
-00:01:41,950 --> 00:01:45,900
-We don't need to represent fine as a class, we can just transform
-
-35
-00:01:45,900 --> 00:01:49,460
-that into an attribute that we can put into the checked out association class.
-
-36
-00:01:49,460 --> 00:01:50,560
->> Gotcha.
-
-37
-00:01:50,560 --> 00:01:52,760
->> Anything else?
-
-38
-00:01:52,760 --> 00:01:57,990
->> Yeah. It occurred to me that there's another thing that happens in one
-
-39
-00:01:57,990 --> 00:02:00,260
-of my scenarios, I put down
-
-40
-00:02:00,260 --> 00:02:02,770
-about the patron actually returning an item.
-
-41
-00:02:02,770 --> 00:02:07,620
->> Right. Okay, so we would probably need an additional operation,
-
-42
-00:02:07,620 --> 00:02:08,550
-I guess, for the patron.
-
-43
-00:02:08,550 --> 00:02:08,990
->> Right.
-
-44
-00:02:08,990 --> 00:02:11,310
->> So, okay, so what I'm going to do, that's pretty easy
-
-45
-00:02:11,310 --> 00:02:15,350
-to do, I'm just going to add the return operation here in the
-
-46
-00:02:15,350 --> 00:02:19,310
-patron, and when that happens, that will mean that I'll get rid
-
-47
-00:02:19,310 --> 00:02:23,490
-of this association class because the item is returned. Is that right?
-
-48
-00:02:23,490 --> 00:02:27,060
->> Well, what happens if somebody drops the
-
-49
-00:02:27,060 --> 00:02:29,400
-book in the book drop, but doesn't pay the,
-
-50
-00:02:29,400 --> 00:02:31,050
-if it's overdue and doesn't pay the fine?
-
-51
-00:02:31,050 --> 00:02:32,700
-Will that get rid of the information about what
-
-52
-00:02:32,700 --> 00:02:33,040
-they owe?
-
-53
-00:02:33,040 --> 00:02:37,960
->> Oh, I see. So you can have the item being available, but you still
-
-54
-00:02:37,960 --> 00:02:42,510
-want to know whether there is any pending fines on the book.
-
-55
-00:02:42,510 --> 00:02:44,390
->> Uh-huh, and how much those fines are.
-
-56
-00:02:44,390 --> 00:02:46,340
->> And how do you compute how much it is?
-
-57
-00:02:47,420 --> 00:02:52,710
->> It's how many days it was, from the time it was
-
-58
-00:02:52,710 --> 00:02:58,170
-due, to when they returned it. I see. OK.
-
-59
-00:02:58,170 --> 00:03:00,380
-So you know what we can do? I think
-
-60
-00:03:00,380 --> 00:03:03,690
-we can put an additional attribute in the checked out
-
-61
-00:03:03,690 --> 00:03:07,190
-class and I'm going to call it when returned and
-
-62
-00:03:07,190 --> 00:03:10,200
-that item will have either a special value or it
-
-63
-00:03:10,200 --> 00:03:12,040
-will contain the date in which the book was
-
-64
-00:03:12,040 --> 00:03:14,520
-returned. So in this way you should be able to
-
-65
-00:03:14,520 --> 00:03:18,040
-keep this in the system until it's paid, and also to compute
-
-66
-00:03:18,040 --> 00:03:19,970
-how much the fine is. Is that working?
-
-67
-00:03:19,970 --> 00:03:23,210
->> So the special value is for a normal situation when they
-
-68
-00:03:23,210 --> 00:03:25,880
-haven't, they don't owe anything and haven't returned it yet.
-
-69
-00:03:25,880 --> 00:03:28,080
->> Exactly so that will tell us that,
-
-70
-00:03:28,080 --> 00:03:29,970
-that the loan is still active basically.
-
-71
-00:03:29,970 --> 00:03:30,500
->> Great.
-
-72
-00:03:30,500 --> 00:03:31,480
->> Does that work for you?
-
-73
-00:03:31,480 --> 00:03:35,200
->> Yes. And you know, I like this. I mean, I feel pretty good
-
-74
-00:03:35,200 --> 00:03:38,490
-about it. I think we have a nice class diagram. So what I'd like to
-
-75
-00:03:38,490 --> 00:03:43,280
-do is just go off and clean it up a little bit, and put it
-
-76
-00:03:43,280 --> 00:03:48,640
-in an IDE so I can pretty print it and rearrange things a little bit.
-
-77
-00:03:48,640 --> 00:03:50,080
-And then I'd like to sit down again and
-
-78
-00:03:50,080 --> 00:03:52,730
-just go through it for a last time. And
-
-79
-00:03:52,730 --> 00:03:54,900
-for some final considerations. So if you don't mind
-
-80
-00:03:54,900 --> 00:03:56,880
-we will take a ten minute break and reconvene here.
-
-81
-00:03:56,880 --> 00:03:57,500
->> That's fine.
-
-82
-00:03:57,500 --> 00:03:57,990
->> Alright.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/9 - Final Considerations - lang_en.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/9 - Final Considerations - lang_en.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 0dbfccd..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L2 A Tale of Analysis and Design Subtitles/9 - Final Considerations - lang_en.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,196 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:03,202
-Okay. So this is what I've done as you see,
-
-2
-00:00:03,202 --> 00:00:06,130
-it looks a little nicer than it was before. And I didn't
-
-3
-00:00:06,130 --> 00:00:08,530
-really change that much. I just made a few changes, so
-
-4
-00:00:08,530 --> 00:00:11,560
-I just wanted to point them out to you, so that you
-
-5
-00:00:11,560 --> 00:00:13,690
-know what they are. And the main thing, one of the
-
-6
-00:00:13,690 --> 00:00:18,210
-main things I did is really to introduce these derived attributes. So
-
-7
-00:00:18,210 --> 00:00:19,860
-these are attributes that are basically
-
-8
-00:00:19,860 --> 00:00:22,520
-computed. Based on some other attributes.
-
-9
-00:00:22,520 --> 00:00:26,010
-Okay, they don't have a value themselves, but their value is computed.
-
-10
-00:00:26,010 --> 00:00:28,900
-And I used two. The first one is age. So
-
-11
-00:00:28,900 --> 00:00:31,930
-basically we know the age of the patron based on
-
-12
-00:00:31,930 --> 00:00:34,920
-the birthday, of the patron. So you guys, I don't
-
-13
-00:00:34,920 --> 00:00:37,150
-know if you have that information currently in the system.
-
-14
-00:00:37,150 --> 00:00:38,480
->> No, we'll have to add that to the
-
-15
-00:00:38,480 --> 00:00:40,280
-form patrons fill out, when they get their card.
-
-16
-00:00:40,280 --> 00:00:42,255
->> Is that, that an issue? Can you do it?
-
-17
-00:00:42,255 --> 00:00:44,130
->> No yes, we, we can easily do that.
-
-18
-00:00:44,130 --> 00:00:46,670
->> Okay, so then, perfect. So we'll do it that way. I think it's
-
-19
-00:00:46,670 --> 00:00:51,310
-a, in a little cleaner. And similarly, since you told me that the fine
-
-20
-00:00:51,310 --> 00:00:54,480
-was computed based on the amount of days that an
-
-21
-00:00:54,480 --> 00:00:58,310
-item was late. The patron was late returning the item, then I
-
-22
-00:00:58,310 --> 00:01:02,010
-also added this as a derived attribute that is computed based on
-
-23
-00:01:02,010 --> 00:01:05,140
-the due date and when the item is actually returned.
-
-24
-00:01:05,140 --> 00:01:05,780
->> Makes sense.
-
-25
-00:01:05,780 --> 00:01:08,389
->> Makes sense? Okay. And the rest
-
-26
-00:01:08,389 --> 00:01:10,590
-is kind of really minor things. So the, the only one I
-
-27
-00:01:10,590 --> 00:01:14,340
-want to point out is I didn't, you know, discuss that with
-
-28
-00:01:14,340 --> 00:01:17,260
-you before, but I added this, which is called cardinality
-
-29
-00:01:17,260 --> 00:01:20,700
-for some of these relationships. And what they say is basically
-
-30
-00:01:20,700 --> 00:01:25,360
-is how many elements are involved in the relationship.
-
-31
-00:01:25,360 --> 00:01:26,580
->> So, you mean the stars?
-
-32
-00:01:26,580 --> 00:01:27,960
->> Yeah, like the stars and the one...
-
-33
-00:01:27,960 --> 00:01:28,290
->> Okay.
-
-34
-00:01:28,290 --> 00:01:31,380
->> Here for example, this is telling you that for each item there
-
-35
-00:01:31,380 --> 00:01:35,490
-is only one title. And that for each title, there are multiple items.
-
-36
-00:01:35,490 --> 00:01:36,490
->> So, star means many.
-
-37
-00:01:36,490 --> 00:01:37,716
->> Stars mean many, yeah.
-
-38
-00:01:37,716 --> 00:01:39,045
->> Okay, go you.
-
-39
-00:01:39,045 --> 00:01:42,321
->> Sorry that's kind of computer science lingo - we use the star
-
-40
-00:01:42,321 --> 00:01:45,500
-for that kind of stuff. And, similarly, for the patron, it's
-
-41
-00:01:45,500 --> 00:01:48,510
-telling me that, you know, each patron can have multiple, can
-
-42
-00:01:48,510 --> 00:01:52,550
-request multiple titles, and that the same title can be requested
-
-43
-00:01:52,550 --> 00:01:55,650
-by multiple patrons, which I think is the way the system works.
-
-44
-00:01:55,650 --> 00:01:59,080
->> Right. So except for these minor changes,
-
-45
-00:01:59,080 --> 00:02:01,850
-we already had a pretty good model in our hands, so
-
-46
-00:02:01,850 --> 00:02:04,620
-I think is a, we can finalize this and then just
-
-47
-00:02:04,620 --> 00:02:07,350
-move to the low level design and then implementation, and be
-
-48
-00:02:07,350 --> 00:02:07,970
-done with the system.
-
-49
-00:02:07,970 --> 00:02:08,979
->> Sounds good.
-
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 152b961..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,230 --> 00:00:04,560
-In the last lesson, we talked about design, and we saw how difficult it can
-
-2
-00:00:04,560 --> 00:00:10,010
-be to come up with a good and effective design for a given software system. To
-
-3
-00:00:10,010 --> 00:00:12,620
-help address these difficulties, we will discuss
-
-4
-00:00:12,620 --> 00:00:16,560
-design patterns, which can support design activities by
-
-5
-00:00:16,560 --> 00:00:20,710
-providing general, reusable solutions to commonly occurring design
-
-6
-00:00:20,710 --> 00:00:25,410
-problems. Similar to architectural styles, design patterns can
-
-7
-00:00:25,410 --> 00:00:30,400
-help developers build better designed systems by reusing design solutions that
-
-8
-00:00:30,400 --> 00:00:33,730
-worked well in the past and by building on those solutions.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/10 - Choosing a Pattern - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/10 - Choosing a Pattern - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index f273441..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/10 - Choosing a Pattern - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:03,200
-But with so many patterns, how do we choose a pattern? So
-
-2
-00:00:03,200 --> 00:00:05,970
-this is a possible approach that you can follow. First of all, you
-
-3
-00:00:05,970 --> 00:00:09,140
-want to make sure that you understand your design context. You understand
-
-4
-00:00:09,140 --> 00:00:12,800
-what you're designing and what are the issues involved with this design. What
-
-5
-00:00:12,800 --> 00:00:15,200
-are the problems that you need to solve. At this point, you
-
-6
-00:00:15,200 --> 00:00:17,160
-can examine the patterns catalog, or,if
-
-7
-00:00:17,160 --> 00:00:18,750
-you're already familiar with the catalog, just
-
-8
-00:00:18,750 --> 00:00:22,430
-think about the possible patterns that you could use. Once you identify
-
-9
-00:00:22,430 --> 00:00:25,440
-the patterns that you can use, you also want to study them and
-
-10
-00:00:25,440 --> 00:00:29,090
-study the related patterns. So normally if you look at any pattern catalog,
-
-11
-00:00:29,090 --> 00:00:32,229
-for each pattern there will also be a list of related patterns. So
-
-12
-00:00:32,229 --> 00:00:35,010
-you can also look at those to see whether maybe some of those
-
-13
-00:00:35,010 --> 00:00:38,370
-might be more applicable. And finally, once you identify the pattern that you
-
-14
-00:00:38,370 --> 00:00:41,360
-think is appropriate, you will apply that pattern. When you do that, just
-
-15
-00:00:41,360 --> 00:00:44,850
-be mindful that there are pitfalls in the use of patterns. One obvious
-
-16
-00:00:44,850 --> 00:00:47,490
-one is the fact that you might select the wrong pattern and make
-
-17
-00:00:47,490 --> 00:00:50,460
-your design worse instead of better. The second one is that if you
-
-18
-00:00:50,460 --> 00:00:52,560
-get too excited about patterns, then you
-
-19
-00:00:52,560 --> 00:00:54,850
-might be abusing patterns, so just using too
-
-20
-00:00:54,850 --> 00:00:56,370
-many patterns, and end up with a design
-
-21
-00:00:56,370 --> 00:00:58,980
-that is more complicated rather than less complicated.
-
-22
-00:00:58,980 --> 00:01:01,890
-So always be careful, spend the time to figure out which one is the right
-
-23
-00:01:01,890 --> 00:01:03,577
-pattern to apply, and make sure that you
-
-24
-00:01:03,577 --> 00:01:05,190
-don't use patterns that you don't actually need.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/11 - Choosing a Pattern Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/11 - Choosing a Pattern Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 76a78e0..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/11 - Choosing a Pattern Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:02,780
-Now that we've discussed how to choose a pattern. Imagine that
-
-2
-00:00:02,780 --> 00:00:05,210
-you have to write a class that can have only one
-
-3
-00:00:05,210 --> 00:00:08,090
-instance. So to satisfy this requirement, I would like for you
-
-4
-00:00:08,090 --> 00:00:10,720
-to pick one of the design patterns that we discussed in
-
-5
-00:00:10,720 --> 00:00:14,580
-this lesson, and write the code here that satisfies that requirement.
-
-6
-00:00:14,580 --> 00:00:16,270
-And when you write the code, please make sure that your
-
-7
-00:00:16,270 --> 00:00:21,140
-class has only one method, without counting possible constructors, and that
-
-8
-00:00:21,140 --> 00:00:25,120
-the class is called Singleton. And write your class right here.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/12 - Choosing a Pattern Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/12 - Choosing a Pattern Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index c348a2c..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/12 - Choosing a Pattern Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,220 --> 00:00:01,750
-As we discussed in the class the right thing to
-
-2
-00:00:01,750 --> 00:00:05,050
-do here was to use the factory pattern. So here is
-
-3
-00:00:05,050 --> 00:00:07,910
-a possible code to solve the problem. Of course that there
-
-4
-00:00:07,910 --> 00:00:11,220
-are different possible solutions. So what we did for this code
-
-5
-00:00:11,220 --> 00:00:16,210
-was to first create a private, static, Singleton object called
-
-6
-00:00:16,210 --> 00:00:19,340
-instance, which is the one that will keep track of the
-
-7
-00:00:19,340 --> 00:00:22,250
-only instance that can be created on the class. Then we
-
-8
-00:00:22,250 --> 00:00:25,750
-define the default constructor, the constructor that doesn't take any parameter
-
-9
-00:00:25,750 --> 00:00:29,900
-as private. In this way other classes cannot create instances
-
-10
-00:00:29,900 --> 00:00:33,310
-of Singleton without calling our factory method, and finally we
-
-11
-00:00:33,310 --> 00:00:35,650
-create the factory method. And the factory method is very
-
-12
-00:00:35,650 --> 00:00:38,600
-simple. The method will first check whether an instance of
-
-13
-00:00:38,600 --> 00:00:40,970
-the class was already created. If it was created, it
-
-14
-00:00:40,970 --> 00:00:44,010
-would just return that instance. Otherwise, it will create a
-
-15
-00:00:44,010 --> 00:00:47,550
-new instance and assign it to that instance member variable
-
-16
-00:00:47,550 --> 00:00:50,960
-and then return the newly created instance. So with this code
-
-17
-00:00:50,960 --> 00:00:53,540
-you're guaranteed that other classes cannot bypass the factory
-
-18
-00:00:53,540 --> 00:00:56,530
-method, because the default constructor is private. And the that
-
-19
-00:00:56,530 --> 00:00:59,600
-the factory method will create one and only one instance
-
-20
-00:00:59,600 --> 00:01:02,020
-of the class, which is exactly what our requirements were.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/13 - Negative Design Patterns - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/13 - Negative Design Patterns - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6433019..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/13 - Negative Design Patterns - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,210
-To conclude this lesson, I want to discuss the
-
-2
-00:00:02,210 --> 00:00:06,170
-concept of negative design patterns, that is, patterns that should
-
-3
-00:00:06,170 --> 00:00:09,600
-be avoided. Interestingly, negative patterns were also mentioned in
-
-4
-00:00:09,600 --> 00:00:12,950
-Christopher Alexander's book, so in the first formulation of patterns.
-
-5
-00:00:12,950 --> 00:00:16,219
-So negative design pattern are basically guidelines on how
-
-6
-00:00:16,219 --> 00:00:19,689
-not to do things. In consoles with patterns, the guidelines
-
-7
-00:00:19,689 --> 00:00:21,920
-on how to do things. So basically, what the negative
-
-8
-00:00:21,920 --> 00:00:25,170
-design patterns do is, they enable recurring design defects to
-
-9
-00:00:25,170 --> 00:00:28,070
-be avoided. And as we will see in this class extensively,
-
-10
-00:00:28,070 --> 00:00:30,080
-in mini-course four, negative patterns are
-
-11
-00:00:30,080 --> 00:00:33,380
-also called anti-patterns or bad smells,
-
-12
-00:00:33,380 --> 00:00:36,540
-or bad code smells. So in mini-course four we will see several
-
-13
-00:00:36,540 --> 00:00:39,480
-examples of bad smells and what we can do to eliminate them.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/2 - History of Design Patterns - lang_en_vs6.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/2 - History of Design Patterns - lang_en_vs6.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 5fbb886..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/2 - History of Design Patterns - lang_en_vs6.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:02,780
-Let's start our decision of design patterns by looking
-
-2
-00:00:02,780 --> 00:00:05,280
-at the history of patterns. As you know, I like
-
-3
-00:00:05,280 --> 00:00:07,810
-to give this sort of historical perspective on how and
-
-4
-00:00:07,810 --> 00:00:10,600
-when concepts were defined. In this case, we have to
-
-5
-00:00:10,600 --> 00:00:14,830
-go back to 1977, when Christopher Alexander, an American professor
-
-6
-00:00:14,830 --> 00:00:18,300
-of architecture at UC Berkeley, introduces the idea of patterns,
-
-7
-00:00:18,300 --> 00:00:21,700
-successful solutions to problems, in his book called a Pattern
-
-8
-00:00:21,700 --> 00:00:25,640
-Language. The book contains about 250 patterns. And the idea
-
-9
-00:00:25,640 --> 00:00:27,700
-is that occupants of a building should be able
-
-10
-00:00:27,700 --> 00:00:30,110
-to design it. And the patterns in the book provide
-
-11
-00:00:30,110 --> 00:00:32,368
-a way to do that. And this idea of design
-
-12
-00:00:32,368 --> 00:00:35,964
-patterns, so, a formal way of documenting successful solutions to
-
-13
-00:00:35,964 --> 00:00:41,200
-problems, inspired several other disciplines. In particular, in 1987,
-
-14
-00:00:41,200 --> 00:00:44,810
-Ward Cunningham and Kent Beck leveraged this idea of Alexander's
-
-15
-00:00:44,810 --> 00:00:48,360
-patterns in the context of an object oriented language.
-
-16
-00:00:48,360 --> 00:00:50,840
-And in this specific the language was Smalltalk.
-
-17
-00:00:50,840 --> 00:00:52,666
-Some of you might know the language. So what Cunningham
-
-18
-00:00:54,492 --> 00:00:56,320
-and Beck did, was to create a 5 pattern
-
-19
-00:00:56,320 --> 00:00:59,880
-language for guiding novice Smalltalk programmers. So they did
-
-20
-00:00:59,880 --> 00:01:03,090
-an experiment and had several developers using their patterns, and
-
-21
-00:01:03,090 --> 00:01:06,330
-the experiment was extremely successful. The users were able to
-
-22
-00:01:06,330 --> 00:01:09,940
-create elegant designs using the provided patterns. And in case
-
-23
-00:01:09,940 --> 00:01:12,210
-you are interested in reading about it, Cunningham and Beck
-
-24
-00:01:12,210 --> 00:01:15,660
-reported the results in the article, Using Pattern Languages for
-
-25
-00:01:15,660 --> 00:01:17,940
-Object Oriented Programs, which was published at the
-
-26
-00:01:17,940 --> 00:01:21,854
-International Conference on Object Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and
-
-27
-00:01:21,854 --> 00:01:25,390
-Applications, also called OOPSLA, in 1987. At the
-
-28
-00:01:25,390 --> 00:01:28,480
-same time, Eric Gamma was working on his dissertation,
-
-29
-00:01:28,480 --> 00:01:31,030
-whose topic was the importance of patterns and
-
-30
-00:01:31,030 --> 00:01:34,430
-how to capture them. Between 1987 and 1992, there
-
-31
-00:01:34,430 --> 00:01:37,520
-were several workshops related to design patterns. And
-
-32
-00:01:37,520 --> 00:01:40,740
-in 1992, Jim Coplien compiled a catalog of C++
-
-33
-00:01:40,740 --> 00:01:43,140
-items, which are some sort of patterns, and
-
-34
-00:01:43,140 --> 00:01:45,130
-he listed this catalog of patterns in his
-
-35
-00:01:45,130 --> 00:01:48,720
-book, which was titled Advanced C++ Programming Styles
-
-36
-00:01:48,720 --> 00:01:52,952
-and Idioms. Finally, in 1993 and 1994, there were
-
-37
-00:01:52,952 --> 00:01:56,160
-several additional workshops focused on patterns. And this
-
-38
-00:01:56,160 --> 00:01:59,625
-workshop brought together many patterns folks, including these
-
-39
-00:01:59,625 --> 00:02:03,040
-4 guys, Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson,
-
-40
-00:02:03,040 --> 00:02:06,040
-and John Vlissides. These guys are also known as
-
-41
-00:02:06,040 --> 00:02:08,970
-the gang of 4. And the result of this collaboration was the
-
-42
-00:02:08,970 --> 00:02:11,840
-famous book Design Patterns: Elements of
-
-43
-00:02:11,840 --> 00:02:14,320
-Reusable Object Oriented Software. So this
-
-44
-00:02:14,320 --> 00:02:17,640
-is basically The Book on design patterns. If you want to buy
-
-45
-00:02:17,640 --> 00:02:19,780
-a book on design pattern, this is the one you should get.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/3 - Patterns Catalogue - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/3 - Patterns Catalogue - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 764a309..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/3 - Patterns Catalogue - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,230 --> 00:00:03,380
-This book contains a patterns catalog which is
-
-2
-00:00:03,380 --> 00:00:06,725
-a number of design patterns classified by purpose. And
-
-3
-00:00:06,725 --> 00:00:09,122
-there are five main classes of patterns. There are
-
-4
-00:00:09,122 --> 00:00:11,890
-fundamental patterns which are the basic patterns. There are
-
-5
-00:00:11,890 --> 00:00:15,170
-creational patterns which are the patterns that support object
-
-6
-00:00:15,170 --> 00:00:18,290
-creation. Then there are structural patterns and these are
-
-7
-00:00:18,290 --> 00:00:22,090
-patterns that help compose objects, put objects together. The
-
-8
-00:00:22,090 --> 00:00:25,280
-next class of patterns are behavioral patterns and these
-
-9
-00:00:25,280 --> 00:00:28,840
-are patterns that are mostly focused on realizing interactions
-
-10
-00:00:28,840 --> 00:00:32,820
-among different objects. Finally, there are concurrency patterns and these
-
-11
-00:00:32,820 --> 00:00:36,400
-are patterns that support, as the name says, concurrency, so
-
-12
-00:00:36,400 --> 00:00:39,700
-they're more related to concurrency aspects. And for each of
-
-13
-00:00:39,700 --> 00:00:43,560
-these classes there are a number of specific patterns, and
-
-14
-00:00:43,560 --> 00:00:46,130
-here I'm just listing some of them. Clearly we cannot
-
-15
-00:00:46,130 --> 00:00:48,740
-cover in one lesson all of these patterns, but what
-
-16
-00:00:48,740 --> 00:00:50,440
-I want to do is to cover at least a few
-
-17
-00:00:50,440 --> 00:00:52,670
-of those to give an idea of what patterns are and
-
-18
-00:00:52,670 --> 00:00:55,430
-how they can be used. In particular, we will see in
-
-19
-00:00:55,430 --> 00:00:59,200
-detail the Factory Method Pattern and the Strategy Pattern. And we
-
-20
-00:00:59,200 --> 00:01:01,590
-will also discuss a few more patterns at a higher level.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/4 - Pattern Format - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/4 - Pattern Format - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 7df86c0..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/4 - Pattern Format - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:02,711
-So let's start by seeing how patterns are defined. So
-
-2
-00:00:02,711 --> 00:00:05,620
-what is the format of the pattern definitions. If we look
-
-3
-00:00:05,620 --> 00:00:08,000
-at the Gang of Four's book we can see that these
-
-4
-00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:11,630
-definitions contain a lot of information. In fact, what I'm listing
-
-5
-00:00:11,630 --> 00:00:14,980
-here is just a subset of this information. In this lesson,
-
-6
-00:00:14,980 --> 00:00:17,510
-what I want to do is to focus on four essential
-
-7
-00:00:17,510 --> 00:00:21,480
-elements of a design pattern. It's name, the intent which is
-
-8
-00:00:21,480 --> 00:00:25,270
-the goal of the pattern. The pattern's applicability which is the
-
-9
-00:00:25,270 --> 00:00:28,040
-list of situations or context in which the
-
-10
-00:00:28,040 --> 00:00:31,560
-pattern is applicable. I also want to cover the structure
-
-11
-00:00:31,560 --> 00:00:34,700
-and participants. Which is the static model that describes
-
-12
-00:00:34,700 --> 00:00:37,870
-the elements, so normally the classes or the object
-
-13
-00:00:37,870 --> 00:00:39,900
-involved in the pattern. In addition to that
-
-14
-00:00:39,900 --> 00:00:41,400
-the structure also describes
-
-15
-00:00:41,400 --> 00:00:44,420
-the relationships, responsibilities and collaborations
-
-16
-00:00:44,420 --> 00:00:47,264
-among these classes or objects. Finally what I want
-
-17
-00:00:47,264 --> 00:00:50,560
-to cover is sample code. So examples that illustrate
-
-18
-00:00:50,560 --> 00:00:51,490
-the use of patterns.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/5 - Factory Method Pattern - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/5 - Factory Method Pattern - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index c7ebddd..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/5 - Factory Method Pattern - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,012 --> 00:00:02,350
-Let's now look at the first design pattern that we
-
-2
-00:00:02,350 --> 00:00:05,700
-will discuss, the factory method pattern. And I'm going to start
-
-3
-00:00:05,700 --> 00:00:09,220
-by discussing the intent of the pattern and its applicability.
-
-4
-00:00:09,220 --> 00:00:12,210
-As far as the intent is concerned, the factory method pattern
-
-5
-00:00:12,210 --> 00:00:16,690
-allows for creating objects without specifying their class, by invoking
-
-6
-00:00:16,690 --> 00:00:19,370
-what we call a factory method. And what that is, is
-
-7
-00:00:19,370 --> 00:00:22,680
-a method whose main goal is to create class instances.
-
-8
-00:00:22,680 --> 00:00:25,510
-So when is this pattern useful? So when is it applicable?
-
-9
-00:00:25,510 --> 00:00:28,080
-For example, it is applicable in cases in which a class
-
-10
-00:00:28,080 --> 00:00:31,890
-cannot anticipate the type of object it must create. That is,
-
-11
-00:00:31,890 --> 00:00:34,800
-the type of an object is not known at compile time,
-
-12
-00:00:34,800 --> 00:00:37,800
-is not known until the code runs. A typical example of
-
-13
-00:00:37,800 --> 00:00:40,500
-this, are frameworks. So if you ever used a framework, you
-
-14
-00:00:40,500 --> 00:00:44,280
-will know that, normally, frameworks only know about interfaces and abstract
-
-15
-00:00:44,280 --> 00:00:47,450
-classes. So the exact type of the objects of these classes
-
-16
-00:00:47,450 --> 00:00:50,840
-is only known at runtime. The second case in which the factory
-
-17
-00:00:50,840 --> 00:00:53,835
-method pattern is applicable, is when a class wants its
-
-18
-00:00:53,835 --> 00:00:57,160
-subclasses to specify the type of objects it creates. And we'll
-
-19
-00:00:57,160 --> 00:00:59,920
-see an example of this in a minute. Finally, factory
-
-20
-00:00:59,920 --> 00:01:03,580
-method patterns are applicable when a class needs control over the
-
-21
-00:01:03,580 --> 00:01:06,760
-creation of its objects. And in this case, one possible
-
-22
-00:01:06,760 --> 00:01:09,380
-example is when there is a limit on the number of
-
-23
-00:01:09,380 --> 00:01:12,930
-objects that can be created. Special example, it's a singleton. If
-
-24
-00:01:12,930 --> 00:01:15,840
-you're familiar with a singleton, a singleton is a class for
-
-25
-00:01:15,840 --> 00:01:18,930
-which only one instance can be created. The factory method pattern
-
-26
-00:01:18,930 --> 00:01:21,760
-is perfect in these cases, because it allows to control how many
-
-27
-00:01:21,760 --> 00:01:24,640
-objects get created. So in this case, it would allow the creation
-
-28
-00:01:24,640 --> 00:01:27,290
-only of a single object. And from the second time that it
-
-29
-00:01:27,290 --> 00:01:30,040
-is invoked, it will just return the object that was previously
-
-30
-00:01:30,040 --> 00:01:33,700
-created. Now let's go ahead and see how this pattern actually works,
-
-31
-00:01:33,700 --> 00:01:37,100
-and let's do that by discussing the structure and the participants for
-
-32
-00:01:37,100 --> 00:01:41,330
-the pattern. The structure that is represented here, using the UML notation,
-
-33
-00:01:41,330 --> 00:01:45,530
-includes three classes, the Creator, the ConcreteCreator,
-
-34
-00:01:45,530 --> 00:01:48,000
-and the Product. The Creator provides the
-
-35
-00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:50,710
-interface for the factory method. So this
-
-36
-00:01:50,710 --> 00:01:53,200
-here, is the interface for the factory method
-
-37
-00:01:53,200 --> 00:01:55,950
-that, when invoked, returns an object of
-
-38
-00:01:55,950 --> 00:01:59,440
-type Product. The ConcreteCreator provides the actual
-
-39
-00:01:59,440 --> 00:02:02,350
-method for creating the Product. So this
-
-40
-00:02:02,350 --> 00:02:06,170
-method is a concrete implementation of this interface.
-
-41
-00:02:06,170 --> 00:02:10,630
-Finally, the Product is the object created by the factory method. So
-
-42
-00:02:10,630 --> 00:02:12,350
-summarizing, we have the interface for
-
-43
-00:02:12,350 --> 00:02:14,300
-the factory method, the actual implementation of
-
-44
-00:02:14,300 --> 00:02:17,540
-the summary method, and the object that is created by the factory method,
-
-45
-00:02:17,540 --> 00:02:21,020
-when it is invoked. So let's look at an example of this pattern.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/6 - Factory Method Pattern Example - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/6 - Factory Method Pattern Example - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 2812c39..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/6 - Factory Method Pattern Example - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,220 --> 00:00:03,260
-The example I'm going to use consists of a class called
-
-2
-00:00:03,260 --> 00:00:07,380
-ImageReaderFactory which provides the factory method which is this one;
-
-3
-00:00:07,380 --> 00:00:10,250
-createImageReader. As you can see the method takes an InputStream
-
-4
-00:00:10,250 --> 00:00:13,570
-as input and returns an object of type ImageReader, and it's
-
-5
-00:00:13,570 --> 00:00:15,645
-static so that we can invoke it even if we
-
-6
-00:00:15,645 --> 00:00:18,390
-don't have an instance of the ImageReaderFactory. So what does the
-
-7
-00:00:18,390 --> 00:00:22,275
-method do? Well the method first invokes, getImageType, passing the
-
-8
-00:00:22,275 --> 00:00:25,780
-InputStream as a parameter and this method figures out the type
-
-9
-00:00:25,780 --> 00:00:28,820
-of the image that is stored in this Inputstream and it's
-
-10
-00:00:28,820 --> 00:00:32,740
-an integer. Then, based on the value of this integer, the
-
-11
-00:00:32,740 --> 00:00:35,352
-method does one of several things. If the image type is
-
-12
-00:00:35,352 --> 00:00:38,970
-a GIF, it will invoke the constructor for GifReader passing the
-
-13
-00:00:38,970 --> 00:00:41,610
-stream as a parameter. And what will happen is that the
-
-14
-00:00:41,610 --> 00:00:44,450
-GIF reader will read a GIF from the stream, create a
-
-15
-00:00:44,450 --> 00:00:47,887
-corresponding object and return it. So in this case, the ImageReader
-
-16
-00:00:47,887 --> 00:00:51,460
-object return will be the object representing a GIF as appropriate.
-
-17
-00:00:51,460 --> 00:00:54,610
-Similarly, if the image type is JPEG, then the method will
-
-18
-00:00:54,610 --> 00:00:58,579
-invoke the constructor for JPEG Reader and in this case, this constructor
-
-19
-00:00:58,579 --> 00:01:01,981
-will read from the stream a JPEG, create a corresponding object
-
-20
-00:01:01,981 --> 00:01:05,640
-and return it. And so on for different types of images. So
-
-21
-00:01:05,640 --> 00:01:07,880
-why is this a situation in which it is appropriate to
-
-22
-00:01:07,880 --> 00:01:11,100
-use the factory method pattern? One, because it corresponds exactly to the
-
-23
-00:01:11,100 --> 00:01:14,250
-cases that we saw before, of applicability. This is a case
-
-24
-00:01:14,250 --> 00:01:16,560
-in which we don't know the type of the object that we
-
-25
-00:01:16,560 --> 00:01:20,080
-need to create until we run the code, because it depends
-
-26
-00:01:20,080 --> 00:01:22,530
-on the value of the InputStream. It depends on the content
-
-27
-00:01:22,530 --> 00:01:25,590
-of the InputStream. So, until we read the InputStream, we cannot
-
-28
-00:01:25,590 --> 00:01:28,380
-figure out whether we need to create a GIF, a JPEG or
-
-29
-00:01:28,380 --> 00:01:30,780
-some other type of image. So in this case, we want to
-
-30
-00:01:30,780 --> 00:01:33,630
-do, we want to simply delegate to this classes the creation of
-
-31
-00:01:33,630 --> 00:01:35,610
-the object, once we know what type of object needs to
-
-32
-00:01:35,610 --> 00:01:38,790
-be created. So perfect example of application of a factory method pattern.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/7 - Strategy Pattern - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/7 - Strategy Pattern - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 288b8d6..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/7 - Strategy Pattern - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,230 --> 00:00:02,110
-The second pattern I want to discuss is the
-
-2
-00:00:02,110 --> 00:00:05,050
-strategy pattern, which provides a way to configure a
-
-3
-00:00:05,050 --> 00:00:07,900
-class with one of many behaviors. What does that
-
-4
-00:00:07,900 --> 00:00:11,040
-mean? Well, more precisely, this pattern allows for defining
-
-5
-00:00:11,040 --> 00:00:15,330
-a family of algorithms, encapsulating them into separate classes,
-
-6
-00:00:15,330 --> 00:00:17,900
-so each algorithm in one class, and making these
-
-7
-00:00:17,900 --> 00:00:21,490
-classes interchangeable, but providing a common interface for all
-
-8
-00:00:21,490 --> 00:00:25,350
-the encapsulated algorithms. So in essence, the intent of
-
-9
-00:00:25,350 --> 00:00:29,250
-a strategy pattern is to allow for switching between
-
-10
-00:00:29,250 --> 00:00:33,490
-different algorithms for accomplishing a given task. For example, imagine
-
-11
-00:00:33,490 --> 00:00:36,610
-having different sorting algorithms with different space or time
-
-12
-00:00:36,610 --> 00:00:38,800
-tradeoffs. You might want to be able to have them
-
-13
-00:00:38,800 --> 00:00:42,670
-all available and use different ones in different situations.
-
-14
-00:00:42,670 --> 00:00:44,820
-And this pattern is applicable not only when we have
-
-15
-00:00:44,820 --> 00:00:47,260
-different variants of an algorithm, but also when we
-
-16
-00:00:47,260 --> 00:00:51,690
-have many related classes that differ only in their behavior.
-
-17
-00:00:51,690 --> 00:00:53,640
-So let's get more concrete and see how this is
-
-18
-00:00:53,640 --> 00:00:55,960
-done. And I'm going to do it as before, by
-
-19
-00:00:55,960 --> 00:00:59,700
-discussing the structure and the participants for this strategy pattern.
-
-20
-00:00:59,700 --> 00:01:02,540
-In this case, we have 3 types of participants for this
-
-21
-00:01:02,540 --> 00:01:07,210
-pattern, the context, the algorithm, and the concrete strategies. There
-
-22
-00:01:07,210 --> 00:01:09,580
-can be as many as the number of behaviors that
-
-23
-00:01:09,580 --> 00:01:12,300
-I need to implement. So, let's see what those are.
-
-24
-00:01:12,300 --> 00:01:16,690
-The context is the interface to the outside world. It maintains
-
-25
-00:01:16,690 --> 00:01:19,180
-a reference to the current algorithm and allows for
-
-26
-00:01:19,180 --> 00:01:22,860
-updating this reference at run time. So, basically the outside
-
-27
-00:01:22,860 --> 00:01:26,370
-world will invoke the functionality provided by the different algorithms,
-
-28
-00:01:26,370 --> 00:01:29,170
-by using this interface. And depending on which algorithm is
-
-29
-00:01:29,170 --> 00:01:31,640
-currently selected, that's the one that will be executed when
-
-30
-00:01:31,640 --> 00:01:35,920
-the functionality is involved. The algorithm, also called the strategy,
-
-31
-00:01:35,920 --> 00:01:37,970
-so that's where the pattern gets its name, Is the
-
-32
-00:01:37,970 --> 00:01:42,130
-common interface for the different algorithims. So all the algorithms
-
-33
-00:01:42,130 --> 00:01:46,690
-implement this interface. Finally, the concrete strategies are the
-
-34
-00:01:46,690 --> 00:01:49,920
-actual implementations of the algorithms. So if I have 10
-
-35
-00:01:49,920 --> 00:01:53,030
-different variants of my algorithm, I will implement 10 different
-
-36
-00:01:53,030 --> 00:01:56,550
-concrete strategies. They will all be implementations of this interface.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/8 - Strategy Pattern Example & Demo - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/8 - Strategy Pattern Example & Demo - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6d298d0..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/8 - Strategy Pattern Example & Demo - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,511 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,130 --> 00:00:03,320
-Now let's see how this whole thing works in practice by
-
-2
-00:00:03,320 --> 00:00:06,800
-using an example. We're going to consider a program that takes as
-
-3
-00:00:06,800 --> 00:00:10,450
-input a text file and produce it as output, a filtered
-
-4
-00:00:10,450 --> 00:00:14,170
-file. So basically it outputs a subset of the content of
-
-5
-00:00:14,170 --> 00:00:16,928
-this text file based on some filter. And we're going to have
-
-6
-00:00:16,928 --> 00:00:19,440
-four different types of filters. So the first one is
-
-7
-00:00:19,440 --> 00:00:21,680
-not filtering which means that the whole content of the text
-
-8
-00:00:21,680 --> 00:00:25,320
-file will be produced on the output. The second filter will output
-
-9
-00:00:25,320 --> 00:00:27,990
-only words that starts with t. So you'll take the text file
-
-10
-00:00:27,990 --> 00:00:30,540
-and simply ignore all of the words that do not start with
-
-11
-00:00:30,540 --> 00:00:33,130
-t. So in the output we'll have only those words that starts
-
-12
-00:00:33,130 --> 00:00:36,030
-with letter t. The third filter will produce in the output only
-
-13
-00:00:36,030 --> 00:00:39,180
-words that are longer than five characters. So all the other words
-
-14
-00:00:39,180 --> 00:00:43,740
-will be simply disregarded. And finally, the four filter will produce as
-
-15
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-output only words in the text file that are palindromes, and in
-
-16
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-case you don't know what a palindrome is, a palindrome is a word
-
-17
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-that is the same whether you read it from left
-
-18
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-to right or from right to left. For example, the
-
-19
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-word kayak, you can read it in this direction, or
-
-20
-00:00:58,480 --> 00:01:00,740
-in this direction, and it's exactly the same word. So
-
-21
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-let's see how this program could be implemented using a
-
-22
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-strategy pattern. And let's do it for real as a
-
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-demo. What we're looking at here is the editor page
-
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-for Eclipse, open with the strategy pattern implementation for our example.
-
-25
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-So what I'm going to do is that, I'm going to look at a
-
-26
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-different part of implementation. And you will see that, you know, despite
-
-27
-00:01:20,310 --> 00:01:23,420
-the fact that it's slightly longer, it's really fairly simple, it's kind
-
-28
-00:01:23,420 --> 00:01:26,230
-of a straightforward implementation of what we just saw. As I just
-
-29
-00:01:26,230 --> 00:01:29,820
-said, what we are doing is basically building the strategy patterns that
-
-30
-00:01:29,820 --> 00:01:34,330
-allows for changing the strategies with which we're filtering an input file.
-
-31
-00:01:34,330 --> 00:01:37,380
-And we have different strategies, we'll look at those in detail, and
-
-32
-00:01:37,380 --> 00:01:41,050
-we said that the three participants for this pattern are the context,
-
-33
-00:01:41,050 --> 00:01:43,650
-the algorithm, which is the general interface and then the concrete
-
-34
-00:01:43,650 --> 00:01:47,270
-strategies, which are the concrete implementations of this algorithm. So let's
-
-35
-00:01:47,270 --> 00:01:49,790
-start by looking at the context. Which is this class here.
-
-36
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-And as you can see it contains a reference at the current
-
-37
-00:01:52,960 --> 00:01:56,240
-strategy. We call this the check strategy, which is basically our
-
-38
-00:01:56,240 --> 00:01:59,910
-filter, and when the context is created by default it sets a
-
-39
-00:01:59,910 --> 00:02:02,890
-strategy to the old strategy. The old strategy is the one
-
-40
-00:02:02,890 --> 00:02:06,380
-that accepts all the input, so basically it doesn't filter out anything.
-
-41
-00:02:06,380 --> 00:02:08,320
-And we said that the context is the interface to the
-
-42
-00:02:08,320 --> 00:02:10,889
-outside world, right? So it has to provide the outside world
-
-43
-00:02:10,889 --> 00:02:14,140
-with a way of selecting the strategy, the specific algorithm to
-
-44
-00:02:14,140 --> 00:02:16,850
-be used, and it does that in this case by providing
-
-45
-00:02:16,850 --> 00:02:21,360
-this change strategy method. This method takes a strategy as input,
-
-46
-00:02:21,360 --> 00:02:24,930
-and simply replaces the current strategy with the one specified as
-
-47
-00:02:24,930 --> 00:02:28,035
-a parameter. And at this point, the context also will perform
-
-48
-00:02:28,035 --> 00:02:31,830
-the filtering. The filtering is pretty straightforward, so what it does is
-
-49
-00:02:31,830 --> 00:02:34,620
-that it opens a file that is passed as a parameter
-
-50
-00:02:34,620 --> 00:02:37,450
-so that this the file, the input file to be filtered. And
-
-51
-00:02:37,450 --> 00:02:40,560
-then it reads the file line by line and then splits
-
-52
-00:02:40,560 --> 00:02:43,620
-the lines into its composing words and then for each word in
-
-53
-00:02:43,620 --> 00:02:46,480
-each line, what it will do, it will basically invoke the
-
-54
-00:02:46,480 --> 00:02:50,270
-check method in the current strategy, which is basically the filtering method
-
-55
-00:02:50,270 --> 00:02:53,580
-and if the check method returns true, which basically means that
-
-56
-00:02:53,580 --> 00:02:57,150
-the word should be printed, it prints the word. Otherwise, it'll just
-
-57
-00:02:57,150 --> 00:03:00,480
-skip it. So basically the filter will return false for all the
-
-58
-00:03:00,480 --> 00:03:03,470
-words that have to be filtered out. Okay? This is the basic
-
-59
-00:03:03,470 --> 00:03:06,770
-way in which context works. Let's see how this is used in
-
-60
-00:03:06,770 --> 00:03:10,660
-our main method. The main method simply creates the context, reads the input file
-
-61
-00:03:10,660 --> 00:03:12,910
-from the arguments, and then what he does is simply as a
-
-62
-00:03:12,910 --> 00:03:16,720
-demonstration, it will perform the filtering using all the different filters. So
-
-63
-00:03:16,720 --> 00:03:19,310
-starting from the default one, which is the one that basically doesn't
-
-64
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-do any filtering that reports all words, then it will switch to the
-
-65
-00:03:22,150 --> 00:03:25,400
-algorithm, that only considers the words that start with t, and
-
-66
-00:03:25,400 --> 00:03:28,880
-it will do that by invoking a change strategy and passing this
-
-67
-00:03:28,880 --> 00:03:30,890
-strategy as the argument, and then
-
-68
-00:03:30,890 --> 00:03:32,760
-performing the actual filtering through context.
-
-69
-00:03:32,760 --> 00:03:35,040
-And it will do exactly the same for the strategy that only
-
-70
-00:03:35,040 --> 00:03:37,540
-prints words that are longer than five and the one that
-
-71
-00:03:37,540 --> 00:03:40,460
-only prints words that are palindromes. So now let's look at the
-
-72
-00:03:40,460 --> 00:03:44,090
-actual algorithm. This is the interface, the algorithm interface. And you can
-
-73
-00:03:44,090 --> 00:03:47,080
-see that the only thing that the interface provides is this method,
-
-74
-00:03:47,080 --> 00:03:49,760
-which is the check method, that takes a string as input and will
-
-75
-00:03:49,760 --> 00:03:52,470
-return a boolean. So, basically, it's the boolean that we were seeing before.
-
-76
-00:03:52,470 --> 00:03:55,010
-The one that is true for the words that have to be printed
-
-77
-00:03:55,010 --> 00:03:57,490
-and false for the ones that have to be filtered out. Now, we have
-
-78
-00:03:57,490 --> 00:04:01,250
-all the different implementations of the algorithm, the simplest one is the all
-
-79
-00:04:01,250 --> 00:04:05,110
-algorithm, the simple return is always true, so all the words will be printed.
-
-80
-00:04:05,110 --> 00:04:08,740
-The second one starts with t, and again, without looking at the details
-
-81
-00:04:08,740 --> 00:04:10,660
-of implementations that don't really matter, what
-
-82
-00:04:10,660 --> 00:04:12,390
-it does is basically check that
-
-83
-00:04:12,390 --> 00:04:15,111
-the first character is t, and returns true in that case and
-
-84
-00:04:15,111 --> 00:04:17,720
-false otherwise. Similarly, for the LongerThan5
-
-85
-00:04:17,720 --> 00:04:19,380
-algorithm, also in this case, this
-
-86
-00:04:19,380 --> 00:04:23,000
-will implement the check strategy interface, and the check will be performed
-
-87
-00:04:23,000 --> 00:04:25,980
-by checking that the word is longer than five characters and returning
-
-88
-00:04:25,980 --> 00:04:29,440
-true in that case and false otherwise. And finally the Palindrome check
-
-89
-00:04:29,440 --> 00:04:32,240
-is a little more complicated, but basically it just checks whether the
-
-90
-00:04:32,240 --> 00:04:35,190
-word is a Palindrome and returns true in that case. Okay, so
-
-91
-00:04:35,190 --> 00:04:37,950
-as I said, it doesn't really matter too much what is the specific
-
-92
-00:04:37,950 --> 00:04:40,630
-implementations of these matters. What matters is that we have
-
-93
-00:04:40,630 --> 00:04:44,150
-a general interface for the algorithm and then any different concrete
-
-94
-00:04:44,150 --> 00:04:48,130
-implementations of the algorithm that implement different strategies. So again,
-
-95
-00:04:48,130 --> 00:04:50,730
-this allows you to change the behavior of your class without
-
-96
-00:04:50,730 --> 00:04:53,420
-changing class. So we have this context class that does
-
-97
-00:04:53,420 --> 00:04:57,015
-different things when the filter method in invoked, depending on what
-
-98
-00:04:57,015 --> 00:04:59,930
-is the current strategy. So the behavior of the class can
-
-99
-00:04:59,930 --> 00:05:03,310
-change dynamically, and it changes dynamically every time that we change
-
-100
-00:05:03,310 --> 00:05:06,300
-the strategy. At this point, the way this whole thing works should
-
-101
-00:05:06,300 --> 00:05:08,430
-be clear, so what we're going to do is that we're going to go to
-
-102
-00:05:08,430 --> 00:05:12,010
-our console, and we're actually going to run the strategy pattern and see
-
-103
-00:05:12,010 --> 00:05:15,710
-what happens. So here I have a file, it's called foo.txt. And if
-
-104
-00:05:15,710 --> 00:05:18,290
-we look at the content of foo, you can see that it
-
-105
-00:05:18,290 --> 00:05:21,190
-says that this is just a test to assess how well this program
-
-106
-00:05:21,190 --> 00:05:24,430
-performs when used on files of text. And since it checks for
-
-107
-00:05:24,430 --> 00:05:28,560
-palindromes, we will also insert one such word, level. Level is a palindrome,
-
-108
-00:05:28,560 --> 00:05:31,042
-because you can read it from both sides. Okay, so let's
-
-109
-00:05:31,042 --> 00:05:33,657
-see what happens when we run our code. So we're going to
-
-110
-00:05:33,657 --> 00:05:36,900
-run java pattern.strategy.StrategyPattern which is
-
-111
-00:05:36,900 --> 00:05:38,550
-our class, and we going to fetch
-
-112
-00:05:38,550 --> 00:05:41,460
-foo.txt as an input, and let's go back to the beginning
-
-113
-00:05:41,460 --> 00:05:43,980
-of the output to see what happened exactly. You can see
-
-114
-00:05:43,980 --> 00:05:48,040
-here that for the default strategy, which was the old strategy,
-
-115
-00:05:48,040 --> 00:05:50,810
-the whole file is printed, so every word is printed. This
-
-116
-00:05:50,810 --> 00:05:53,485
-is just a test to assess and so on and so forth,
-
-117
-00:05:53,485 --> 00:05:57,290
-as expected. For the filter that only prints words that
-
-118
-00:05:57,290 --> 00:06:00,230
-start with t, only words that start with t are printed,
-
-119
-00:06:00,230 --> 00:06:04,180
-again, as expected. Similarly, for the filter that only prints words
-
-120
-00:06:04,180 --> 00:06:06,970
-that are longer than 5, and finally for the one that prints
-
-121
-00:06:06,970 --> 00:06:09,540
-palindromes. And here you can see that we actually have two
-
-122
-00:06:09,540 --> 00:06:12,410
-because the way in which this is implemented we'll also consider
-
-123
-00:06:12,410 --> 00:06:15,300
-single letter words as palindromes because you can read them from
-
-124
-00:06:15,300 --> 00:06:18,450
-both sides. But you definitely will also have level in the output.
-
-125
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-And in case you want to play with this code yourself, I
-
-126
-00:06:21,040 --> 00:06:24,600
-have made this code and also the implementation for examples of other
-
-127
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-design partners available as a compressed archive. And the archive is accessible
-
-128
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-through a URL that is provided in the notes for the cost.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/9 - Other Common Patterns - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/9 - Other Common Patterns - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 756f38f..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L3 Design Patterns Subtitles/9 - Other Common Patterns - lang_en_vs5.srt	
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@@ -1,295 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,060 --> 00:00:03,460
-Before concluding this lesson, let's look at a few more patterns. And
-
-2
-00:00:03,460 --> 00:00:05,880
-although it will take too long to cover them in detail, I
-
-3
-00:00:05,880 --> 00:00:08,986
-would like to at least mention and quickly discuss a few more
-
-4
-00:00:08,986 --> 00:00:12,080
-of these more commonly-used patterns. In fact, some of the patterns that
-
-5
-00:00:12,080 --> 00:00:15,400
-I will discuss, you might have used yourself. Maybe without knowing their
-
-6
-00:00:15,400 --> 00:00:18,300
-name or the fact that they were design patterns. So let's start
-
-7
-00:00:18,300 --> 00:00:21,660
-with a Visitor pattern, which is a way of separating an algorithm
-
-8
-00:00:21,660 --> 00:00:25,150
-from an object structure on which it operates. And a practical result
-
-9
-00:00:25,150 --> 00:00:28,010
-of this separation is the ability to add the new operation
-
-10
-00:00:28,010 --> 00:00:31,680
-to exist in object structures, without modifying the structures. So, basically
-
-11
-00:00:31,680 --> 00:00:34,540
-what this pattern does, is to allow for defining and easily
-
-12
-00:00:34,540 --> 00:00:37,870
-modifying set of operations to perform on the objects of the collection.
-
-13
-00:00:37,870 --> 00:00:40,570
-And the typical usage of this is, for example, when you're
-
-14
-00:00:40,570 --> 00:00:43,140
-visiting a graph, or a set of objects, and you want
-
-15
-00:00:43,140 --> 00:00:46,090
-to perform some operations on these objects. By using a visitor
-
-16
-00:00:46,090 --> 00:00:48,410
-pattern, you can decouple the operation
-
-17
-00:00:48,410 --> 00:00:50,830
-from the objects. Although not straightforward,
-
-18
-00:00:50,830 --> 00:00:53,360
-this pattern is very, very useful. So, I really encourage you
-
-19
-00:00:53,360 --> 00:00:56,060
-to look at it in more detail and get familiar with it.
-
-20
-00:00:56,060 --> 00:00:59,040
-The second pattern I want to mention is the decorator pattern.
-
-21
-00:00:59,040 --> 00:01:02,820
-The decorator pattern is basically a wrapper that adds functionality to a
-
-22
-00:01:02,820 --> 00:01:05,030
-class. So the way in which it works, is that you
-
-23
-00:01:05,030 --> 00:01:08,230
-will take a class, you will build a class that basically wraps
-
-24
-00:01:08,230 --> 00:01:12,250
-this class. So it reproduces the functionality of the original class, but
-
-25
-00:01:12,250 --> 00:01:15,900
-it also adds some functionality. And for all the functionality that was
-
-26
-00:01:15,900 --> 00:01:18,750
-already in the original class, it will simply invoke this
-
-27
-00:01:18,750 --> 00:01:21,080
-functionality and for the new one, you will implement it
-
-28
-00:01:21,080 --> 00:01:24,510
-using the services of the class. And a nice property
-
-29
-00:01:24,510 --> 00:01:26,760
-of the decorator pattern is that it's stackable. So you can
-
-30
-00:01:26,760 --> 00:01:30,210
-add decorators on decorators on decorators, and further increase the
-
-31
-00:01:30,210 --> 00:01:34,052
-functionality provided by your class. The iterator is another very
-
-32
-00:01:34,052 --> 00:01:37,810
-commonly-used pattern. And, you probably use this one yourself because,
-
-33
-00:01:37,810 --> 00:01:41,090
-it's also part of many standard libraries. What the iterator allows
-
-34
-00:01:41,090 --> 00:01:44,220
-you to do, is basically to access elements of a collection
-
-35
-00:01:44,220 --> 00:01:47,490
-without knowing the underlying representation. So the iterator will allow you
-
-36
-00:01:47,490 --> 00:01:50,630
-to just go through a set of objects without worrying about
-
-37
-00:01:50,630 --> 00:01:53,200
-how the objects are stored. So you basically just ask the
-
-38
-00:01:53,200 --> 00:01:55,810
-iterator to give you the first object, the next object and
-
-39
-00:01:55,810 --> 00:02:00,130
-so on. Another very commonly-used pattern is the observer pattern. And
-
-40
-00:02:00,130 --> 00:02:02,650
-this pattern is very useful when you have an object of
-
-41
-00:02:02,650 --> 00:02:06,190
-interest and a set of other objects that are interested in
-
-42
-00:02:06,190 --> 00:02:09,240
-the changes that might occur in this first object. So
-
-43
-00:02:09,240 --> 00:02:12,690
-what the observer pattern allows you to do is to register
-
-44
-00:02:12,690 --> 00:02:15,460
-these objects, so that they let the system know that
-
-45
-00:02:15,460 --> 00:02:18,690
-they're interested in changes in this first object. And then, every
-
-46
-00:02:18,690 --> 00:02:20,840
-time that there is a change, these other objects will
-
-47
-00:02:20,840 --> 00:02:23,030
-be automatically notified. So basically,
-
-48
-00:02:23,030 --> 00:02:25,290
-the observer pattern allows for notifying
-
-49
-00:02:25,290 --> 00:02:29,310
-dependents when an object of interest changes. If you want
-
-50
-00:02:29,310 --> 00:02:32,020
-an example of this, just think about the file system and
-
-51
-00:02:32,020 --> 00:02:35,870
-imagine having a folder. All the views of this folder will
-
-52
-00:02:35,870 --> 00:02:37,970
-want to be notified every time that there's a change in
-
-53
-00:02:37,970 --> 00:02:40,720
-the folder because they need to refresh. So instead of continuously
-
-54
-00:02:40,720 --> 00:02:44,390
-checking the state of the folder, they will just register and basically
-
-55
-00:02:44,390 --> 00:02:47,430
-say, hey, we're interested in knowing when something changes in this
-
-56
-00:02:47,430 --> 00:02:50,320
-folder. And when something changes in the folder, they will be automatically
-
-57
-00:02:50,320 --> 00:02:53,300
-notified. So it will be some sort of a push notification
-
-58
-00:02:53,300 --> 00:02:56,590
-instead of a pull notification, if you are familiar with that terminology.
-
-59
-00:02:56,590 --> 00:03:00,020
-Finally the proxy pattern is a pattern in which a surrogate
-
-60
-00:03:00,020 --> 00:03:04,370
-controls access to an object. In other words, we have our object,
-
-61
-00:03:04,370 --> 00:03:07,220
-and we have our proxy here. So all the requests to the
-
-62
-00:03:07,220 --> 00:03:09,950
-object will go through the proxy that will then forward them. And
-
-63
-00:03:09,950 --> 00:03:12,020
-all the responses from the object will also go through the
-
-64
-00:03:12,020 --> 00:03:15,580
-proxy. They will then forward them to the original requester. So what
-
-65
-00:03:15,580 --> 00:03:18,710
-the proxy allows you to do is to control how this object,
-
-66
-00:03:18,710 --> 00:03:22,180
-that is behind the proxy, is actually accessed, for example, by filtering
-
-67
-00:03:22,180 --> 00:03:24,500
-some calls. So in a sense, the proxy allows use
-
-68
-00:03:24,500 --> 00:03:27,470
-for masking some of the functionality of the object that
-
-69
-00:03:27,470 --> 00:03:31,070
-is behind the proxy. And there's many, many, many more
-
-70
-00:03:31,070 --> 00:03:34,424
-useful patterns. That can help you when designing and implementing
-
-71
-00:03:34,424 --> 00:03:37,220
-the system. So once more, I really encourage you to
-
-72
-00:03:37,220 --> 00:03:38,740
-have a look at the book, to look at the
-
-73
-00:03:38,740 --> 00:03:41,570
-resources online, and to really get more familiar with these
-
-74
-00:03:41,570 --> 00:03:43,890
-patterns, and to try to use them in your everyday work.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 4abf070..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt	
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@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,770 --> 00:00:02,830
-In the previous lessons of this mini-course,
-
-2
-00:00:02,830 --> 00:00:06,620
-we discussed high level design, or architecture,
-
-3
-00:00:06,620 --> 00:00:12,380
-low level design, and design patterns. Now, we're going to see how we can put
-
-4
-00:00:12,380 --> 00:00:15,380
-this and also others software engineering activities
-
-5
-00:00:15,380 --> 00:00:18,436
-together in the context of a UML-based
-
-6
-00:00:18,436 --> 00:00:21,820
-process model, the unified software process, or
-
-7
-00:00:21,820 --> 00:00:25,580
-USP. We will discuss how USP was defined,
-
-8
-00:00:25,580 --> 00:00:30,492
-its main characteristics, its phases, and how we can apply it in practice.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/10 - Iterative and Incremental - lang_en_vs6.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/10 - Iterative and Incremental - lang_en_vs6.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index e542660..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/10 - Iterative and Incremental - lang_en_vs6.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,147 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,190 --> 00:00:03,100
-We just saw two of the three distinguishing aspects of
-
-2
-00:00:03,100 --> 00:00:05,800
-the rational unified process. The fact that it is used
-
-3
-00:00:05,800 --> 00:00:08,810
-case driven and the fact that it is architecture centric.
-
-4
-00:00:08,810 --> 00:00:11,950
-The third and final distinguished aspect of R.U.P. is that
-
-5
-00:00:11,950 --> 00:00:15,210
-it is iterative and incremental. So let's see what that
-
-6
-00:00:15,210 --> 00:00:18,870
-means by considering the lifetime of a software project. Basically,
-
-7
-00:00:18,870 --> 00:00:22,120
-the lifetime of a rational unified process consists of a
-
-8
-00:00:22,120 --> 00:00:24,920
-series of cycles, such as the ones that are represented here.
-
-9
-00:00:24,920 --> 00:00:28,070
-Cycle one, cycle two, through cycle n. And as
-
-10
-00:00:28,070 --> 00:00:30,990
-you can see, these cycles can also be called increments.
-
-11
-00:00:30,990 --> 00:00:33,280
-And each one of the cycles involves all of
-
-12
-00:00:33,280 --> 00:00:36,700
-the main phases of software development. In addition, each cycle
-
-13
-00:00:36,700 --> 00:00:39,700
-results in a product release which can be internal
-
-14
-00:00:39,700 --> 00:00:43,210
-or external. More precisely, each cycle terminates with a product
-
-15
-00:00:43,210 --> 00:00:46,340
-release that includes a complete set of artifacts for
-
-16
-00:00:46,340 --> 00:00:50,150
-the project. That means code, manuals, use cases, non-functional
-
-17
-00:00:50,150 --> 00:00:52,840
-specification, test cases, and so on. So, I've just
-
-18
-00:00:52,840 --> 00:00:55,760
-said, that each cycle involves all of the main phases
-
-19
-00:00:55,760 --> 00:00:59,440
-of software development. Specifically, each cycle is further divided
-
-20
-00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:04,040
-in four phases. Inception, elaboration, construction and transition. In a
-
-21
-00:01:04,040 --> 00:01:06,290
-minute, we will look at each one of these
-
-22
-00:01:06,290 --> 00:01:08,840
-phases in detail and see how they relate to the
-
-23
-00:01:08,840 --> 00:01:12,150
-traditional activities of software development. Before that, I want
-
-24
-00:01:12,150 --> 00:01:15,760
-to mention the last level of these iterations, which happens
-
-25
-00:01:15,760 --> 00:01:20,330
-within these individual phases More precisely, inside each of these
-
-26
-00:01:20,330 --> 00:01:24,230
-phases, there might be multiple iterations. So what are these
-
-27
-00:01:24,230 --> 00:01:28,070
-iterations? Well, basically, each iteration corresponds to a group of
-
-28
-00:01:28,070 --> 00:01:30,550
-use cases that are selected so as to deal with
-
-29
-00:01:30,550 --> 00:01:33,200
-the most important risks first. So if you have a
-
-30
-00:01:33,200 --> 00:01:35,510
-set of use cases that you're considering, which means that
-
-31
-00:01:35,510 --> 00:01:37,450
-you have a set of features that you need to
-
-32
-00:01:37,450 --> 00:01:41,260
-implement, you will select for each iteration the most risky
-
-33
-00:01:41,260 --> 00:01:44,720
-ones that you still haven't realized, and realize them in that
-
-34
-00:01:44,720 --> 00:01:47,720
-iteration. And then continue in the following iterations with less and
-
-35
-00:01:47,720 --> 00:01:50,980
-less risky ones. So basically what happens in the end is
-
-36
-00:01:50,980 --> 00:01:52,960
-that essentially each iteration extends
-
-37
-00:01:52,960 --> 00:01:55,220
-the functionality beyond the previous iteration.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/11 - Cycle Example - lang_en_vs6.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/11 - Cycle Example - lang_en_vs6.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index af70543..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/11 - Cycle Example - lang_en_vs6.srt	
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@@ -1,147 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,230 --> 00:00:02,590
-To make this a little more concrete, let's look at
-
-2
-00:00:02,590 --> 00:00:07,466
-an example involving cycles, phases, and iterations. Let's assume that we
-
-3
-00:00:07,466 --> 00:00:10,250
-have to develop a banking IT system. The first possible
-
-4
-00:00:10,250 --> 00:00:12,730
-cycle for such a system could be one in which we
-
-5
-00:00:12,730 --> 00:00:16,280
-implement the basic withdrawal facilities. What this means is that,
-
-6
-00:00:16,280 --> 00:00:18,400
-at the end of this cycle, there will be the release
-
-7
-00:00:18,400 --> 00:00:22,130
-of the product that implements this piece of functionality. But notice
-
-8
-00:00:22,130 --> 00:00:25,500
-that this will not be the only product release because within
-
-9
-00:00:25,500 --> 00:00:28,580
-the cycle, we will perform also the four phases that
-
-10
-00:00:28,580 --> 00:00:31,020
-we mentioned before, inception, elaboration,
-
-11
-00:00:31,020 --> 00:00:33,550
-construction, and transition. And within each
-
-12
-00:00:33,550 --> 00:00:36,980
-of these phases, we might have multiple iterations. And at the
-
-13
-00:00:36,980 --> 00:00:39,710
-end of each iteration, we will also have a product release.
-
-14
-00:00:39,710 --> 00:00:41,790
-Which in this case, will be an internal one. As
-
-15
-00:00:41,790 --> 00:00:44,690
-you can see, the iterative nature is really inherent in the
-
-16
-00:00:44,690 --> 00:00:48,030
-unified rational process. So, now let's clean up here, and let's
-
-17
-00:00:48,030 --> 00:00:50,814
-see what some other possible cycles could be for our banking
-
-18
-00:00:50,814 --> 00:00:54,070
-IT system. Here, I'm showing two possible additional ones. The first
-
-19
-00:00:54,070 --> 00:00:57,800
-one, cycle two, which will develop the account and system management. And
-
-20
-00:00:57,800 --> 00:01:00,230
-the third one, cycle three, which will develop the full account
-
-21
-00:01:00,230 --> 00:01:04,620
-management and cross selling. Similarly to cycle one, also these cycles will
-
-22
-00:01:04,620 --> 00:01:07,570
-produce a product, both at the end of the cycle, and
-
-23
-00:01:07,570 --> 00:01:10,740
-within the cycle in the different phases. And there's a few more
-
-24
-00:01:10,740 --> 00:01:13,150
-things to note. So the first one, is that each cycle
-
-25
-00:01:13,150 --> 00:01:15,900
-focuses on a different part of the system. So what you will
-
-26
-00:01:15,900 --> 00:01:19,350
-do, when you use the rational unified process, you will select a
-
-27
-00:01:19,350 --> 00:01:23,320
-subset of use cases that you want to realize within your cycle.
-
-28
-00:01:23,320 --> 00:01:26,640
-And the final product for that cycle, will be a product that
-
-29
-00:01:26,640 --> 00:01:30,190
-realizes those use cases. This is the first aspect. The second one,
-
-30
-00:01:30,190 --> 00:01:33,290
-is that these cycles, as you can see, are slightly overlapping. So
-
-31
-00:01:33,290 --> 00:01:35,880
-it is not the case that you finish a cycle, and then
-
-32
-00:01:35,880 --> 00:01:37,580
-you start the next one. So there is a little bit of
-
-33
-00:01:37,580 --> 00:01:41,250
-overlap among cycles, and we'll talk about that more. And finally,
-
-34
-00:01:41,250 --> 00:01:43,600
-I want to stress one more that each cycle
-
-35
-00:01:43,600 --> 00:01:46,960
-contains four phases, and each one of these phases might
-
-36
-00:01:46,960 --> 00:01:49,890
-be further splayed in iterations. So that's kind of a
-
-37
-00:01:49,890 --> 00:01:52,610
-high level view of how the whole process will work.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/12 - Phases within a Cycle - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/12 - Phases within a Cycle - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index c58be49..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/12 - Phases within a Cycle - lang_en_vs5.srt	
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@@ -1,199 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:02,505
-Now let's go back to the phases within a cycle.
-
-2
-00:00:02,505 --> 00:00:04,930
-because I want to show you how they relate to traditional
-
-3
-00:00:04,930 --> 00:00:08,196
-activities of software development. Because this is the first time that
-
-4
-00:00:08,196 --> 00:00:12,066
-we talk about inception, elaboration, construction and transition. So we will
-
-5
-00:00:12,066 --> 00:00:14,859
-know what they mean, in terms of the traditional software
-
-6
-00:00:14,859 --> 00:00:18,380
-development. So I'm going to first discuss these relations and then
-
-7
-00:00:18,380 --> 00:00:22,198
-I'm going to talk about each individual phase in further detail.
-
-8
-00:00:22,198 --> 00:00:25,570
-So I'm going to start by representing the four RUP phases here
-
-9
-00:00:25,570 --> 00:00:29,810
-with possible internal iterations. I1, E1 and E2, C1,
-
-10
-00:00:29,810 --> 00:00:32,490
-C2, and so on. And just as a reference, this
-
-11
-00:00:32,490 --> 00:00:34,670
-is the way in which time will progress. So we
-
-12
-00:00:34,670 --> 00:00:37,890
-will start with inception and we will finish with transition.
-
-13
-00:00:37,890 --> 00:00:39,710
-So what I'm want to do now is to show the
-
-14
-00:00:39,710 --> 00:00:43,930
-actual, traditional, software development activities here on the left. And
-
-15
-00:00:43,930 --> 00:00:46,970
-I also want to show you, using this diagram, how these
-
-16
-00:00:46,970 --> 00:00:51,610
-activities are actually performed in each of the RUP phases.
-
-17
-00:00:51,610 --> 00:00:54,540
-So, let's see what this representation means. Basically, what
-
-18
-00:00:54,540 --> 00:00:58,410
-I'm showing here, is that requirements engineering actually starts in
-
-19
-00:00:58,410 --> 00:01:00,480
-the inception phase. So, you can see the height
-
-20
-00:01:00,480 --> 00:01:03,090
-of this bar as the amount of effort devoted to
-
-21
-00:01:03,090 --> 00:01:05,890
-this activity in this specific phase. So you can
-
-22
-00:01:05,890 --> 00:01:09,950
-see that requirements engineering starts in inception phase, is mostly
-
-23
-00:01:09,950 --> 00:01:13,210
-performed in the elaboration phase, and then it continues,
-
-24
-00:01:13,210 --> 00:01:16,820
-although to a lesser extent, throughout all phases up until
-
-25
-00:01:16,820 --> 00:01:18,570
-the end of the transition. But the bulk is really
-
-26
-00:01:18,570 --> 00:01:22,940
-performed here in the elaboration phase. Similarly, if we consider analysis
-
-27
-00:01:22,940 --> 00:01:25,450
-and design, we can see that analysis and design are
-
-28
-00:01:25,450 --> 00:01:29,510
-mainly performed in the elaboration phase. But a considerable amount of
-
-29
-00:01:29,510 --> 00:01:31,900
-it also continues in the construction phase, and then it
-
-30
-00:01:31,900 --> 00:01:34,514
-kind of phases out. So there's very little of that done
-
-31
-00:01:34,514 --> 00:01:37,300
-in the transition phase. Looking now at implementation, you can see
-
-32
-00:01:37,300 --> 00:01:41,190
-that the implementation happens mostly in the construction phase, which is,
-
-33
-00:01:41,190 --> 00:01:45,460
-unsurprisingly, the phase that is mostly concerned with actual code development,
-
-34
-00:01:45,460 --> 00:01:47,620
-as we will see in a minute. Testing, on the other
-
-35
-00:01:47,620 --> 00:01:50,990
-hand, is performed throughout most phases, with, peaks in some specific
-
-36
-00:01:50,990 --> 00:01:54,260
-point, for example, at the end of some iterations, like here
-
-37
-00:01:54,260 --> 00:01:57,880
-and here. To conclude, we have the business modeling activity that
-
-38
-00:01:57,880 --> 00:02:00,160
-happens mainly in the inception and a little bit in the
-
-39
-00:02:00,160 --> 00:02:04,100
-elaboration phase and the deployment activity which happens a little bit
-
-40
-00:02:04,100 --> 00:02:06,420
-throughout, but the bulk of it is really in the transition
-
-41
-00:02:06,420 --> 00:02:08,699
-phase, which is actually the phase that has to do
-
-42
-00:02:08,699 --> 00:02:12,070
-with deployment and then maintenance. So I hope this kind
-
-43
-00:02:12,070 --> 00:02:14,970
-of high level view gives you a better understanding of
-
-44
-00:02:14,970 --> 00:02:17,940
-what is the mapping between these new phases and, the
-
-45
-00:02:17,940 --> 00:02:21,760
-typical software development activities that we are more familiar with.
-
-46
-00:02:21,760 --> 00:02:24,360
-So to further this understanding, later in the lesson, I'm
-
-47
-00:02:24,360 --> 00:02:28,220
-also going to talk about these specific phases individually. First, however,
-
-48
-00:02:28,220 --> 00:02:31,610
-I want to spend a little more time discussing what happens
-
-49
-00:02:31,610 --> 00:02:35,200
-inside each one of these iterations, just to make sure
-
-50
-00:02:35,200 --> 00:02:38,410
-that we are all understand what an iteration is exactly.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/13 - Iterations - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/13 - Iterations - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index fbdc2b0..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/13 - Iterations - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,420 --> 00:00:03,520
-So what happens, exactly, within an iteration? In
-
-2
-00:00:03,520 --> 00:00:07,680
-almost every iteration, developers perform the following activities.
-
-3
-00:00:07,680 --> 00:00:10,830
-So they identify which pieces of functionality this
-
-4
-00:00:10,830 --> 00:00:14,450
-iteration will develop, will implement. After doing that, they
-
-5
-00:00:14,450 --> 00:00:17,240
-will create a design, for the considered use
-
-6
-00:00:17,240 --> 00:00:19,640
-cases, and they will do that guided by the
-
-7
-00:00:19,640 --> 00:00:22,334
-chosen architecture. So the set of use cases
-
-8
-00:00:22,334 --> 00:00:25,666
-plus the architectural guidelines will result in a design
-
-9
-00:00:25,666 --> 00:00:29,035
-for the selected use cases. Once the design is defined,
-
-10
-00:00:29,035 --> 00:00:32,060
-then the developers will implement the design, which will result
-
-11
-00:00:32,060 --> 00:00:35,430
-in a set of software components. They will then verify
-
-12
-00:00:35,430 --> 00:00:38,992
-the components against the use cases to make sure that the
-
-13
-00:00:38,992 --> 00:00:41,740
-components satisfy the use cases, they suitably realize the use
-
-14
-00:00:41,740 --> 00:00:43,995
-cases. And they will do that through testing or some
-
-15
-00:00:43,995 --> 00:00:47,730
-other verification and validation activity. Finally, after verifying that the
-
-16
-00:00:47,730 --> 00:00:51,320
-code actually implements the use cases, they will release a product,
-
-17
-00:00:51,320 --> 00:00:53,840
-which also represent the end of the iteration. And notice that
-
-18
-00:00:53,840 --> 00:00:56,370
-what I put here is an icon for the world,
-
-19
-00:00:56,370 --> 00:00:59,330
-in double quotes. Because in many cases the release will be
-
-20
-00:00:59,330 --> 00:01:02,050
-just an internal release or maybe a release that will just
-
-21
-00:01:02,050 --> 00:01:04,813
-go to some of the stakeholders so that they can provide
-
-22
-00:01:04,813 --> 00:01:07,040
-feedback on that. Okay. So it doesn't have to be an
-
-23
-00:01:07,040 --> 00:01:09,080
-external release. It doesn't have to be a release to the
-
-24
-00:01:09,080 --> 00:01:12,270
-world. But it is, nevertheless, a release of a software product. .
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/14 - Iterative Approach Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/14 - Iterative Approach Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index d4b7808..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/14 - Iterative Approach Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,182 --> 00:00:02,850
-So now, since we're talking about the incremental and iterative
-
-2
-00:00:02,850 --> 00:00:05,950
-nature of the Rational Unified Process, let's have a quiz on
-
-3
-00:00:05,950 --> 00:00:09,460
-the benefits of iterative approaches. So I'd like for you to tell
-
-4
-00:00:09,460 --> 00:00:12,710
-me what are these benefits. Is one benefit the fact that
-
-5
-00:00:12,710 --> 00:00:16,129
-iterative approaches keep developers busy or maybe that they give developers
-
-6
-00:00:16,129 --> 00:00:19,480
-early feedback, that they allow for doing the same thing over
-
-7
-00:00:19,480 --> 00:00:22,930
-and over in an iterative way. Maybe they also minimize the
-
-8
-00:00:22,930 --> 00:00:25,210
-risk of developing the wrong system. Can they be used to
-
-9
-00:00:25,210 --> 00:00:27,170
-improve planning, or is it the benefit
-
-10
-00:00:27,170 --> 00:00:30,160
-that they accommodate evolving requirements. Also, in this
-
-11
-00:00:30,160 --> 00:00:34,360
-case, I would like for you to check all the answers that you think are correct.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/15 - Iterative Approach Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/15 - Iterative Approach Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6e69cec..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/15 - Iterative Approach Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:01,740
-Okay so let's look at the first one. Well I
-
-2
-00:00:01,740 --> 00:00:04,760
-don't think that the fact of keeping developers busy is really
-
-3
-00:00:04,760 --> 00:00:08,020
-one of the highlights or the main benefits of iterative
-
-4
-00:00:08,020 --> 00:00:12,310
-approaches. Developers are really busy without any need for additional help.
-
-5
-00:00:12,310 --> 00:00:14,950
-So I will just not mark this one. The second
-
-6
-00:00:14,950 --> 00:00:19,280
-one conversely is definitely one of the advantages of iterative approaches.
-
-7
-00:00:19,280 --> 00:00:21,710
-So the fact that iterative approaches give the developers a early
-
-8
-00:00:21,710 --> 00:00:25,890
-feedback, is a great advantage which has in turn additional advantages.
-
-9
-00:00:25,890 --> 00:00:29,340
-For example, it increases the project tempo, so it gives the developers
-
-10
-00:00:29,340 --> 00:00:32,350
-not busy but more focused. It's easier to be focused when you
-
-11
-00:00:32,350 --> 00:00:35,790
-have a short term deadline, or a short term goal
-
-12
-00:00:35,790 --> 00:00:38,670
-rather than a release that is planned in six months or even
-
-13
-00:00:38,670 --> 00:00:42,420
-later. Another advantage of this early feedback is the fact that developers
-
-14
-00:00:42,420 --> 00:00:45,390
-are rewarded for their efforts so, there is sort of an immediate
-
-15
-00:00:45,390 --> 00:00:48,360
-rewards because you can see the results of your effort instead of
-
-16
-00:00:48,360 --> 00:00:51,310
-having to wait a long time to see such results. And last,
-
-17
-00:00:51,310 --> 00:00:55,126
-but not least the fact of getting early feedback also minimizes
-
-18
-00:00:55,126 --> 00:00:58,570
-the risks of developing the wrong system. So why is that?
-
-19
-00:00:58,570 --> 00:01:01,820
-Well because getting early feedback will also allow us to find
-
-20
-00:01:01,820 --> 00:01:05,140
-out whether we're going in the wrong direction early in the development process
-
-21
-00:01:05,140 --> 00:01:08,460
-rather than at the end. And therefore, will minimize this risk.
-
-22
-00:01:08,460 --> 00:01:10,760
-Going back to the previous question, yeah, I don't think that, you
-
-23
-00:01:10,760 --> 00:01:12,960
-know, doing the same thing over and over is a great
-
-24
-00:01:12,960 --> 00:01:16,170
-advantage. And in fact, iterative approaches do not do the same thing
-
-25
-00:01:16,170 --> 00:01:18,940
-over and over. So they keep iterating, but they keep
-
-26
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-augmenting the amount of functionality in the system. They don't
-
-27
-00:01:21,930 --> 00:01:24,960
-just repeat the same thing. As for improving planning, actually
-
-28
-00:01:24,960 --> 00:01:27,980
-improving planning is not really a strength of these approaches,
-
-29
-00:01:27,980 --> 00:01:30,880
-because sometimes the number of iterations is hard to predict,
-
-30
-00:01:30,880 --> 00:01:33,050
-so it's hard to do a natural planning when you
-
-31
-00:01:33,050 --> 00:01:36,440
-are using an iterative approach. So finally, are iterative approaches
-
-32
-00:01:36,440 --> 00:01:38,700
-good for accomodating evolving requirements?
-
-33
-00:01:38,700 --> 00:01:41,630
-Most definitely. First, iterative approaches, and
-
-34
-00:01:41,630 --> 00:01:44,590
-in particular, the one that we're discussing consider requirements
-
-35
-00:01:44,590 --> 00:01:47,900
-incrementally, so they can better incorporate your requirements. So if
-
-36
-00:01:47,900 --> 00:01:51,030
-there are new requirements, it's easier to accommodate them using
-
-37
-00:01:51,030 --> 00:01:55,210
-an iterative approach. Second, these approaches realize a few requirements
-
-38
-00:01:55,210 --> 00:01:57,740
-at a time. Something from the most risky ones, as
-
-39
-00:01:57,740 --> 00:02:00,600
-we said. So any problem with those risky requirements will
-
-40
-00:02:00,600 --> 00:02:04,220
-be discovered early, and suitable course corrections could be taken.
-
-41
-00:02:04,220 --> 00:02:06,850
-So in case you still have doubts about iterative approaches,
-
-42
-00:02:06,850 --> 00:02:08,460
-it might be worth it to go back to
-
-43
-00:02:08,460 --> 00:02:11,390
-mini course number one, lesson number two to discuss the
-
-44
-00:02:11,390 --> 00:02:14,620
-life cycle models. Because we talk about iterative approaches
-
-45
-00:02:14,620 --> 00:02:17,770
-and their advantages and their characteristics there in some detail.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/16 - Inception Phase - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/16 - Inception Phase - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 60ab80a..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/16 - Inception Phase - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,323 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,175 --> 00:00:03,510
-Let's talk a little bit more about phases. The rational unified
-
-2
-00:00:03,510 --> 00:00:07,050
-process phases are fundamental aspects of this process and which just touched
-
-3
-00:00:07,050 --> 00:00:09,200
-on them so we just give a quick overview. And I want to
-
-4
-00:00:09,200 --> 00:00:12,010
-look at these phases in a little more detail. So, what I'm
-
-5
-00:00:12,010 --> 00:00:14,960
-going to do is, for each phase, I'm going to discuss what it is,
-
-6
-00:00:14,960 --> 00:00:18,310
-what it produces and how is the result of the phase suppose
-
-7
-00:00:18,310 --> 00:00:21,910
-to be,. Assessed, and what are the consequences of this assessment. So
-
-8
-00:00:21,910 --> 00:00:25,350
-let's start with the first phase, the inception phase. The first phase
-
-9
-00:00:25,350 --> 00:00:27,920
-goes from the idea of the product to the
-
-10
-00:00:27,920 --> 00:00:30,990
-vision of the end product. What this involves is basically
-
-11
-00:00:30,990 --> 00:00:34,230
-to delimiting the project scope. And making the business case
-
-12
-00:00:34,230 --> 00:00:37,040
-for the product presented. Why is it worth doing? What
-
-13
-00:00:37,040 --> 00:00:39,870
-are the success criteria? What are the main risks? What
-
-14
-00:00:39,870 --> 00:00:43,690
-resources will be needed? And so on, specifically these phases
-
-15
-00:00:43,690 --> 00:00:47,310
-answer three main questions. The first one is, what are
-
-16
-00:00:47,310 --> 00:00:51,330
-the major users or actors, to use the UML terminology.
-
-17
-00:00:51,330 --> 00:00:53,450
-And what will the system do for them? To
-
-18
-00:00:53,450 --> 00:00:56,780
-answer this, these phases produce a simplified use-case model where
-
-19
-00:00:56,780 --> 00:01:00,480
-only a few use-cases are represented and described. So this
-
-20
-00:01:00,480 --> 00:01:03,390
-is a sort of initial use-case model. The second question
-
-21
-00:01:03,390 --> 00:01:05,610
-is about the architecture, what could be an architecture
-
-22
-00:01:05,610 --> 00:01:08,370
-for the system? So in this phase we will normally
-
-23
-00:01:08,370 --> 00:01:12,420
-also develop a tentative architecture. So an initial architecture that
-
-24
-00:01:12,420 --> 00:01:16,540
-describes the most crucial subsystems. Finally this phase also answers
-
-25
-00:01:16,540 --> 00:01:18,890
-the question, what is the plan and how much
-
-26
-00:01:18,890 --> 00:01:21,620
-will it cost? To answer this question. This phase will
-
-27
-00:01:21,620 --> 00:01:24,930
-identify the main risks for the project and also produce
-
-28
-00:01:24,930 --> 00:01:28,600
-a rough plan with estimates for resources, initial planning for
-
-29
-00:01:28,600 --> 00:01:32,820
-the phases and dates and milestones. Specifically, the inception phase
-
-30
-00:01:32,820 --> 00:01:36,370
-generates several deliverables. It is very important that you pay
-
-31
-00:01:36,370 --> 00:01:39,600
-attention so that you understand what this deliberate approach are.
-
-32
-00:01:39,600 --> 00:01:42,320
-Starting from the first one, which is the vision document.
-
-33
-00:01:42,320 --> 00:01:44,800
-And this is a document that provides a general
-
-34
-00:01:44,800 --> 00:01:48,420
-vision of the core projects requirements, key features and main
-
-35
-00:01:48,420 --> 00:01:51,890
-constraints. Together with this, the inception phase also produces an
-
-36
-00:01:51,890 --> 00:01:54,900
-initial use case model, as I just mentioned. So this
-
-37
-00:01:54,900 --> 00:01:57,720
-is a use case model that includes an initial set
-
-38
-00:01:57,720 --> 00:02:00,670
-of use cases, and then will be later refined. Two
-
-39
-00:02:00,670 --> 00:02:04,300
-additional variables are the initial project glossary, which describes the
-
-40
-00:02:04,300 --> 00:02:07,330
-main terms, using the project and their meaning, and the
-
-41
-00:02:07,330 --> 00:02:10,229
-initial business case which includes business context. And
-
-42
-00:02:10,229 --> 00:02:13,470
-success criteria. Yet another deliverable for the inception phase
-
-43
-00:02:13,470 --> 00:02:15,770
-is the initial project plan, which shows the
-
-44
-00:02:15,770 --> 00:02:20,650
-phases, iterations, roles of the participants, schedule and initial
-
-45
-00:02:20,650 --> 00:02:23,610
-estimates. In addition, the inception phase also produces
-
-46
-00:02:23,610 --> 00:02:26,810
-a risk assessment document, which describes the main risks
-
-47
-00:02:26,810 --> 00:02:29,970
-and counters measures for this risk. Finally, and this
-
-48
-00:02:29,970 --> 00:02:32,430
-is an optional deliverable, in the sense that it,
-
-49
-00:02:32,430 --> 00:02:34,990
-it might or might not be produced, depending on the specific
-
-50
-00:02:34,990 --> 00:02:37,870
-project. As part of the inception phase we might also generate
-
-51
-00:02:37,870 --> 00:02:41,780
-1 or more prototypes. For example, we might develop prototypes to
-
-52
-00:02:41,780 --> 00:02:45,590
-address some specific risks that we have identified or to show some
-
-53
-00:02:45,590 --> 00:02:48,380
-specific aspect of the system of which we are unsure to
-
-54
-00:02:48,380 --> 00:02:51,910
-the stakeholders. So basically all the typical users of prototypes that
-
-55
-00:02:51,910 --> 00:02:54,600
-we discussed before. So when we're done with the inception phase
-
-56
-00:02:54,600 --> 00:02:58,300
-we hit the first milestone for the cycle we are currently performing.
-
-57
-00:02:58,300 --> 00:03:00,600
-And so there are some evaluation criteria that will tell
-
-58
-00:03:00,600 --> 00:03:03,640
-us whether we can consider the inception phase concluded or not.
-
-59
-00:03:03,640 --> 00:03:06,840
-And the first of this criteria is stakeholder concurrence, which
-
-60
-00:03:06,840 --> 00:03:10,510
-means that all the stakeholders must agree on the scope, definition,
-
-61
-00:03:10,510 --> 00:03:13,510
-and cost schedule estimates for the projects. The second criteria
-
-62
-00:03:13,510 --> 00:03:17,040
-needs requirements understanding, out of the initial primary use cases that
-
-63
-00:03:17,040 --> 00:03:20,380
-we have identified so far, the right one for our system.
-
-64
-00:03:20,380 --> 00:03:23,760
-And other criteria is the credibility of the cost schedule estimates,
-
-65
-00:03:23,760 --> 00:03:28,280
-the priorities, defined the risks identifies and the countermeasures for
-
-66
-00:03:28,280 --> 00:03:31,590
-those risks, and the development process that we're following. Finally, in
-
-67
-00:03:31,590 --> 00:03:34,000
-the case we produce prototypes as part of the inceptional
-
-68
-00:03:34,000 --> 00:03:37,520
-phase, this will also be evaluated and assessed to judge the
-
-69
-00:03:37,520 --> 00:03:39,960
-overall outcome of the phase. So what happens if the
-
-70
-00:03:39,960 --> 00:03:43,170
-project fails to pass this milestone? So if the outcome of
-
-71
-00:03:43,170 --> 00:03:46,020
-the inception phase is considered to be inadequate with respect
-
-72
-00:03:46,020 --> 00:03:48,642
-to one or more of these criteria. Well at this point,
-
-73
-00:03:48,642 --> 00:03:51,240
-since we're kind of an initial phase of the cycle
-
-74
-00:03:51,240 --> 00:03:54,370
-the project may be cancelled or considerably re-thought. So to
-
-75
-00:03:54,370 --> 00:03:57,610
-summarize all of these in one sentence the Inception Phase
-
-76
-00:03:57,610 --> 00:04:00,320
-is the phase in which we produce. Then you shall vision,
-
-77
-00:04:00,320 --> 00:04:04,750
-used case model, project plan, risk assessment and possibly, prototypes
-
-78
-00:04:04,750 --> 00:04:07,290
-for the project. And we have to make sure, that
-
-79
-00:04:07,290 --> 00:04:10,680
-all of this deliverables satisfy a set of criteria, so
-
-80
-00:04:10,680 --> 00:04:13,770
-that we can continue on the project. And otherwise, we'll either
-
-81
-00:04:13,770 --> 00:04:17,160
-cancel the project or rethink its scope, or other aspects of it.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/17 - Elaboration Phase - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/17 - Elaboration Phase - lang_en_vs5.srt
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index 1025b2c..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/17 - Elaboration Phase - lang_en_vs5.srt	
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@@ -1,215 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,350 --> 00:00:02,400
-Now that we've discussed the inception phase, let's move
-
-2
-00:00:02,400 --> 00:00:04,180
-on to the second phase of RUP, which is
-
-3
-00:00:04,180 --> 00:00:07,280
-the elaboration phase. And there are four main goals
-
-4
-00:00:07,280 --> 00:00:10,900
-and activities for the elaboration phase. Analyzing the problem domain
-
-5
-00:00:10,900 --> 00:00:13,690
-to get a better understanding of the domain. Establishing
-
-6
-00:00:13,690 --> 00:00:17,840
-a solid architectural foundation for the project. Eliminating the highest
-
-7
-00:00:17,840 --> 00:00:21,454
-risk elements which basically means addressing the most critical
-
-8
-00:00:21,454 --> 00:00:25,590
-use cases. And finally, refine the plan of activities and estimates
-
-9
-00:00:25,590 --> 00:00:28,250
-of resources to complete the project. The outcome
-
-10
-00:00:28,250 --> 00:00:31,310
-of the elaboration phase reflects these activities and also
-
-11
-00:00:31,310 --> 00:00:34,440
-in this case produces several artifacts. The first one
-
-12
-00:00:34,440 --> 00:00:38,700
-is an almost complete use case model with all use cases
-
-13
-00:00:38,700 --> 00:00:42,560
-and actors identified and most use case descriptions developed.
-
-14
-00:00:42,560 --> 00:00:44,070
-As part of this phase we also identify a
-
-15
-00:00:44,070 --> 00:00:47,550
-set of what we called supplementary requirements. So these
-
-16
-00:00:47,550 --> 00:00:50,685
-are basically all the requirements that are not associated
-
-17
-00:00:50,685 --> 00:00:53,483
-with a use case. And these sets includes in particular all
-
-18
-00:00:53,483 --> 00:00:56,110
-non-functional requirements such as security,
-
-19
-00:00:56,110 --> 00:00:58,630
-reliability, maintainability and so on. So
-
-20
-00:00:58,630 --> 00:01:00,770
-all the ones that are relevant for the system that
-
-21
-00:01:00,770 --> 00:01:02,280
-you're developing. We mentioned before
-
-22
-00:01:02,280 --> 00:01:04,410
-that the software architecture is developed
-
-23
-00:01:04,410 --> 00:01:07,220
-in an incremental way, so it's not created at once.
-
-24
-00:01:07,220 --> 00:01:09,650
-And this is exactly what happens in the elaboration phase, that
-
-25
-00:01:09,650 --> 00:01:12,990
-we take the initial architecture that was defined in the inception
-
-26
-00:01:12,990 --> 00:01:16,280
-phase and we refine it until we get to a software
-
-27
-00:01:16,280 --> 00:01:19,400
-architecture which is complete. And that is part of the
-
-28
-00:01:19,400 --> 00:01:22,410
-deliverables for this phase. And the list continues, so let
-
-29
-00:01:22,410 --> 00:01:25,020
-me make some room. In addition to producing a complete
-
-30
-00:01:25,020 --> 00:01:28,270
-architecture for our system, in the elaboration phase we also
-
-31
-00:01:28,270 --> 00:01:32,130
-define the lower-level design for the system. And, therefore, as
-
-32
-00:01:32,130 --> 00:01:35,560
-part of this phase, we produce as deliverables a design
-
-33
-00:01:35,560 --> 00:01:38,000
-model, and together with that, a complete set of test
-
-34
-00:01:38,000 --> 00:01:41,770
-cases, and an executable prototype. We also produce a revised
-
-35
-00:01:41,770 --> 00:01:44,390
-project plan. Now that we have more information about the
-
-36
-00:01:44,390 --> 00:01:47,120
-project we can refine the various estimates and the various
-
-37
-00:01:47,120 --> 00:01:50,020
-pieces of information in the project plan. And also an
-
-38
-00:01:50,020 --> 00:01:54,160
-updated risk assessment document. Finally, in this phase we also generate
-
-39
-00:01:54,160 --> 00:01:57,680
-a preliminary user manual that describes to the users how
-
-40
-00:01:57,680 --> 00:02:00,350
-the system can be used and should be used. So now
-
-41
-00:02:00,350 --> 00:02:03,630
-let's see what are the evaluation criteria for the elaboration
-
-42
-00:02:03,630 --> 00:02:06,880
-phase which is our second milestone. So I'm just going to list
-
-43
-00:02:06,880 --> 00:02:09,400
-them here. The first one is whether the vision
-
-44
-00:02:09,400 --> 00:02:12,620
-and the architecture are stable or they're still changing so
-
-45
-00:02:12,620 --> 00:02:15,680
-did we converge into a final complete vision for the
-
-46
-00:02:15,680 --> 00:02:18,620
-system? Does the prototype show that the major risks that
-
-47
-00:02:18,620 --> 00:02:22,090
-we have identified have been resolved or at least addressed
-
-48
-00:02:22,090 --> 00:02:25,390
-in this phase? Is the project plan sufficiently detailed and
-
-49
-00:02:25,390 --> 00:02:29,030
-accurate? Do all stakeholders agree that the vision can be
-
-50
-00:02:29,030 --> 00:02:32,320
-achieved with the current plan? Is the actual resource expenditure
-
-51
-00:02:32,320 --> 00:02:35,840
-versus the planned expenditure acceptable? So now we study consumer
-
-52
-00:02:35,840 --> 00:02:39,120
-resources and therefore we can check whether our estimates were
-
-53
-00:02:39,120 --> 00:02:41,964
-correct. And also in this case the project might be
-
-54
-00:02:41,964 --> 00:02:45,730
-cancelled or considerably reshaped if it fails to pass this milestone.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/18 - Construction Phase - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/18 - Construction Phase - lang_en_vs5.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/18 - Construction Phase - lang_en_vs5.srt	
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@@ -1,247 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,230 --> 00:00:03,170
-So if the elaboration phase is successful, we then move
-
-2
-00:00:03,170 --> 00:00:06,560
-to the construction phase, which is our third phase. And
-
-3
-00:00:06,560 --> 00:00:09,550
-the construction phase is basically the phase in which most
-
-4
-00:00:09,550 --> 00:00:13,860
-of the actual development occurs. In short, all the features considered
-
-5
-00:00:13,860 --> 00:00:17,360
-are developed. So we'll continue with our car metaphor that
-
-6
-00:00:17,360 --> 00:00:19,310
-we used for the prototype. And in this case we
-
-7
-00:00:19,310 --> 00:00:22,390
-will have our complete car ready. Not only the features
-
-8
-00:00:22,390 --> 00:00:25,940
-are developed but they're also thoroughly tested. So we have performed
-
-9
-00:00:25,940 --> 00:00:29,490
-quality assurance. We have verified and validated the software,
-
-10
-00:00:29,490 --> 00:00:32,580
-the system and we know that it works correctly. Or
-
-11
-00:00:32,580 --> 00:00:34,620
-at least that it works correctly as far as
-
-12
-00:00:34,620 --> 00:00:37,850
-we can tell. So, in general, the construction phase is
-
-13
-00:00:37,850 --> 00:00:39,760
-the phase in which there is a shift in
-
-14
-00:00:39,760 --> 00:00:42,640
-emphasis from intellectual property development
-
-15
-00:00:42,640 --> 00:00:45,460
-to product development. From ideas
-
-16
-00:00:45,460 --> 00:00:47,650
-to products. So, what is the outcome of the
-
-17
-00:00:47,650 --> 00:00:51,250
-construction phase? Well, basically the construction phrase produces a product
-
-18
-00:00:51,250 --> 00:00:54,520
-that is ready to be deployed to the users. Specifically,
-
-19
-00:00:54,520 --> 00:00:57,570
-the phase generates the following outcomes. First of all, at the
-
-20
-00:00:57,570 --> 00:01:00,150
-end of this phase, all the use cases have been
-
-21
-00:01:00,150 --> 00:01:03,220
-realized with traceability information. What does that mean? It means that
-
-22
-00:01:03,220 --> 00:01:06,640
-not only all the functionality expressed by the use cases
-
-23
-00:01:06,640 --> 00:01:10,240
-have been implemented, but also that we have traceability information from
-
-24
-00:01:10,240 --> 00:01:13,530
-the use cases, to the different artifacts. So for example,
-
-25
-00:01:13,530 --> 00:01:16,780
-we know which part of the design realizes which use case.
-
-26
-00:01:16,780 --> 00:01:19,230
-We know which part of the implementation is related to a
-
-27
-00:01:19,230 --> 00:01:22,150
-given use case. Which use cases were derived from a use
-
-28
-00:01:22,150 --> 00:01:24,390
-case, and so on and so forth. And in this way
-
-29
-00:01:24,390 --> 00:01:28,310
-we can trace our requirements throughout the system. Throughout the different
-
-30
-00:01:28,310 --> 00:01:32,162
-artifacts that were developed during the software process. As we were
-
-31
-00:01:32,162 --> 00:01:35,790
-saying, we also have complete software product here, which is integrated
-
-32
-00:01:35,790 --> 00:01:39,240
-on all the needed platforms. Since the system, the software product,
-
-33
-00:01:39,240 --> 00:01:42,200
-has to be thoroughly tested, we will also have a complete
-
-34
-00:01:42,200 --> 00:01:44,900
-set of results for our tests. As part of this
-
-35
-00:01:44,900 --> 00:01:47,980
-phase, we will also finalize the user manual, so you'll have
-
-36
-00:01:47,980 --> 00:01:51,050
-a user manual ready to be provided to the users, and
-
-37
-00:01:51,050 --> 00:01:53,700
-ready to be used. And finally, we will have a complete
-
-38
-00:01:53,700 --> 00:01:58,370
-set of artifacts that include design documents, code, test cases, and
-
-39
-00:01:58,370 --> 00:02:00,440
-so on and so forth, so basically all of the artifacts
-
-40
-00:02:00,440 --> 00:02:04,240
-that have been produced during the development process. So roughly speaking,
-
-41
-00:02:04,240 --> 00:02:07,280
-we can consider the product that is produced at the end
-
-42
-00:02:07,280 --> 00:02:10,570
-of this phase as a typical beta release. So in case
-
-43
-00:02:10,570 --> 00:02:12,920
-you're not familiar with that, a beta release is an initial
-
-44
-00:02:12,920 --> 00:02:16,050
-release normally meant for a selected subset of users. So it
-
-45
-00:02:16,050 --> 00:02:19,250
-is something that is not quite yet ready for primetime, but
-
-46
-00:02:19,250 --> 00:02:22,540
-almost. So let's see also in this case, what are the evaluation
-
-47
-00:02:22,540 --> 00:02:25,740
-criteria for the construction phase. So how do we assess, that
-
-48
-00:02:25,740 --> 00:02:29,620
-this third milestone has been accomplished, successfully? We pretty much have
-
-49
-00:02:29,620 --> 00:02:32,510
-a complete product ready to be shipped right? So the first question
-
-50
-00:02:32,510 --> 00:02:35,260
-we want to ask is, whether the product is stable and mature
-
-51
-00:02:35,260 --> 00:02:37,910
-enough to be deployed to users. At the end of this
-
-52
-00:02:37,910 --> 00:02:40,510
-phase it has to be. Are the stakeholders ready for the
-
-53
-00:02:40,510 --> 00:02:44,160
-transition into the user community? Are we ready to go from development
-
-54
-00:02:44,160 --> 00:02:45,450
-to production? Are the actual
-
-55
-00:02:45,450 --> 00:02:48,060
-resource expenditures versus the planned expenditures
-
-56
-00:02:48,060 --> 00:02:50,890
-still acceptable? So what this means is that at this point we
-
-57
-00:02:50,890 --> 00:02:54,660
-can really assess whether our estimates were accurate enough with respect
-
-58
-00:02:54,660 --> 00:02:57,740
-to what we actually spent for the project up to this point.
-
-59
-00:02:57,740 --> 00:03:00,390
-So unless we can answer in a positive way to
-
-60
-00:03:00,390 --> 00:03:03,790
-all these questions, the transition might be postponed by one release.
-
-61
-00:03:03,790 --> 00:03:05,930
-Because that means that we're still not ready to go
-
-62
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-to the market. We're still not ready to deploy our product.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/19 - Transition Phase - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/19 - Transition Phase - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index e09b6fc..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/19 - Transition Phase - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,231 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,300 --> 00:00:02,080
-But if we are ready to go to the market,
-
-2
-00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:04,800
-if we are ready to deploy our product, then we can
-
-3
-00:00:04,800 --> 00:00:07,160
-move to the transition phase, which has mainly to do
-
-4
-00:00:07,160 --> 00:00:10,360
-with deployment and maintainence of a system. So what are the
-
-5
-00:00:10,360 --> 00:00:12,950
-main activities in the transition phase? As we discussed in
-
-6
-00:00:12,950 --> 00:00:16,280
-our initial lessons, in most real world cases, there are issues
-
-7
-00:00:16,280 --> 00:00:20,820
-that manifest themselves after deployment, when we release our software and
-
-8
-00:00:20,820 --> 00:00:22,870
-actual users interact with the
-
-9
-00:00:22,870 --> 00:00:26,230
-software. Specifically, users might report failures
-
-10
-00:00:26,230 --> 00:00:28,965
-that they experienced while using the system. So, what we call
-
-11
-00:00:28,965 --> 00:00:33,120
-bug reports. Or they might report improvements they might want to see
-
-12
-00:00:33,120 --> 00:00:36,798
-in the software. So typically these will be new feature requests. And
-
-13
-00:00:36,798 --> 00:00:40,270
-in addition, there might be issues that don't come necessarily from the
-
-14
-00:00:40,270 --> 00:00:42,734
-users but that are related to the fact that our system
-
-15
-00:00:42,734 --> 00:00:45,920
-has to operate, has to work in a new execution environment. For
-
-16
-00:00:45,920 --> 00:00:48,930
-example, the new version of an operating system, or the new version
-
-17
-00:00:48,930 --> 00:00:51,474
-of a set of libraries. When this happens, we have to address
-
-18
-00:00:51,474 --> 00:00:55,020
-these issues by performing maintenance. Specifically, corrective maintenance
-
-19
-00:00:55,020 --> 00:00:58,900
-for bug reports, perfective maintenance, for feature requests, and
-
-20
-00:00:58,900 --> 00:01:02,270
-adaptive maintenance, for environment changes. And the result of
-
-21
-00:01:02,270 --> 00:01:04,319
-this is that we will have a new release
-
-22
-00:01:04,319 --> 00:01:06,550
-of the software. Other activities that are performed in
-
-23
-00:01:06,550 --> 00:01:10,480
-this phase include training, customer service, and providing help-line
-
-24
-00:01:10,480 --> 00:01:13,350
-assistance. Finally, if you remember what we saw when
-
-25
-00:01:13,350 --> 00:01:16,810
-we were looking at the banking IT system example,
-
-26
-00:01:16,810 --> 00:01:21,300
-the cycles within a development are not necessarily completely dis-joined, but
-
-27
-00:01:21,300 --> 00:01:23,940
-they might overlap a little bit. So something else that might
-
-28
-00:01:23,940 --> 00:01:26,650
-happen in the transition phase is that a new cycle may
-
-29
-00:01:26,650 --> 00:01:29,020
-start. So there might be some activities that are related to
-
-30
-00:01:29,020 --> 00:01:32,190
-the fact that we're starting to think about the new cycle.
-
-31
-00:01:32,190 --> 00:01:35,150
-So now let's see what kind of outcome these activities will
-
-32
-00:01:35,150 --> 00:01:38,410
-produce. The first one is a complete project with all the
-
-33
-00:01:38,410 --> 00:01:41,820
-artifacts that we mentioned before. Another outcome is that the product will
-
-34
-00:01:41,820 --> 00:01:44,090
-be actually in use. So the product will be in the
-
-35
-00:01:44,090 --> 00:01:46,870
-hands of the users and the users will start using it, will
-
-36
-00:01:46,870 --> 00:01:49,760
-start interacting with it, for real, not just in a beta testing
-
-37
-00:01:49,760 --> 00:01:53,260
-setting. Another outcome will be a lesson learnt. What worked. What didn't
-
-38
-00:01:53,260 --> 00:01:56,240
-work. What should we do different in the next cycle or in
-
-39
-00:01:56,240 --> 00:01:59,446
-the next development? And this is a very important part of the
-
-40
-00:01:59,446 --> 00:02:01,651
-whole process, because it;s what provides
-
-41
-00:02:01,651 --> 00:02:04,378
-feedback between cycles, and between projects.
-
-42
-00:02:04,378 --> 00:02:07,018
-And as we said before, in case we have a next released
-
-43
-00:02:07,018 --> 00:02:09,478
-planned or a next cycle coming up, we might want to
-
-44
-00:02:09,478 --> 00:02:12,922
-start planning for the next release. So another outcome will be
-
-45
-00:02:12,922 --> 00:02:15,783
-the plan for the next release. So similar to the other
-
-46
-00:02:15,783 --> 00:02:19,147
-phases, also for the transition phase, we have a milestone, which
-
-47
-00:02:19,147 --> 00:02:21,733
-is the fourth milestone in this case. And therefore we
-
-48
-00:02:21,733 --> 00:02:25,061
-have evaluation criteria for the transition phase that will define whether
-
-49
-00:02:25,061 --> 00:02:28,530
-we've reached the milestone or not. And in this case, one
-
-50
-00:02:28,530 --> 00:02:32,040
-important assessment is whether the user is satisfied. So users are
-
-51
-00:02:32,040 --> 00:02:34,370
-actually using our product now, so we can get feedback
-
-52
-00:02:34,370 --> 00:02:36,260
-from them, we can see whether the product makes them
-
-53
-00:02:36,260 --> 00:02:40,390
-happy or not. And we continue assessing whether our expenditures
-
-54
-00:02:40,390 --> 00:02:43,460
-are fine with respect to our estimates. And in this case,
-
-55
-00:02:43,460 --> 00:02:46,882
-problems with this milestone might lead to further maintenance of
-
-56
-00:02:46,882 --> 00:02:48,840
-the system. So for example, we might need to produce
-
-57
-00:02:48,840 --> 00:02:51,460
-a new release to address some of the issues that
-
-58
-00:02:51,460 --> 00:02:54,410
-the users identified, as we discussed a couple of minutes ago.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/2 - History of RUP - lang_en_vs6.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/2 - History of RUP - lang_en_vs6.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 83a656b..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/2 - History of RUP - lang_en_vs6.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,320 --> 00:00:02,252
-As I just said, today we're going to talk about the
-
-2
-00:00:02,252 --> 00:00:04,876
-Rational Unified Process. And you know that I like to provide
-
-3
-00:00:04,876 --> 00:00:07,632
-the historical perspective of the topics that we cover in class
-
-4
-00:00:07,632 --> 00:00:10,070
-and this lesson is no exception. So let's see a little bit
-
-5
-00:00:10,070 --> 00:00:12,500
-of history of RUP. To do that we have to go
-
-6
-00:00:12,500 --> 00:00:17,620
-back to 1997 when Rational defined six best practices for modern software
-
-7
-00:00:17,620 --> 00:00:20,930
-engineering. So let's look at what these practices were. The first
-
-8
-00:00:20,930 --> 00:00:25,330
-practice involved developing in an iterative way with risk as the primary
-
-9
-00:00:25,330 --> 00:00:27,700
-iteration driver. The second practice had to do
-
-10
-00:00:27,700 --> 00:00:31,375
-with managing requirements, including updating them and keeping
-
-11
-00:00:31,375 --> 00:00:34,570
-traceability information between requirements and other software
-
-12
-00:00:34,570 --> 00:00:37,675
-artifacts. Practice number three was to employ a
-
-13
-00:00:37,675 --> 00:00:40,830
-component-based architecture. What that means is to have
-
-14
-00:00:40,830 --> 00:00:43,540
-a high level design that focuses on cooperating
-
-15
-00:00:43,540 --> 00:00:46,780
-components that are nevertheless very cohesive and highly
-
-16
-00:00:46,780 --> 00:00:50,710
-decoupled. Modeling software visually is another key aspect
-
-17
-00:00:50,710 --> 00:00:53,250
-of the rational unified process. And the key concept
-
-18
-00:00:53,250 --> 00:00:56,070
-here is to use visual diagrams, and in particular UML
-
-19
-00:00:56,070 --> 00:00:58,520
-visual diagrams, in a very extensive way so as
-
-20
-00:00:58,520 --> 00:01:01,950
-to make artifacts easier to understand and agree upon among
-
-21
-00:01:01,950 --> 00:01:04,849
-stakeholders. And the fact that the process is defined
-
-22
-00:01:04,849 --> 00:01:08,510
-in an iterative way, allows for performing quality assurance activities
-
-23
-00:01:08,510 --> 00:01:11,430
-in a continuous way. So it allows for continuously
-
-24
-00:01:11,430 --> 00:01:13,860
-verifying quality throughout the development
-
-25
-00:01:13,860 --> 00:01:16,220
-process. Finally, change management and
-
-26
-00:01:16,220 --> 00:01:18,750
-control were also at the center of the rational
-
-27
-00:01:18,750 --> 00:01:22,100
-approach These six practices, that I just mentioned were
-
-28
-00:01:22,100 --> 00:01:24,740
-the starting point for the development of the Rational
-
-29
-00:01:24,740 --> 00:01:27,300
-Unified Process, which is what we're going to discuss next.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/20 - Phases and Iterations - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/20 - Phases and Iterations - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 01689f9..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/20 - Phases and Iterations - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,170 --> 00:00:02,210
-So now I would like to wrap up this lesson
-
-2
-00:00:02,210 --> 00:00:05,720
-by going back to our discussion of rational unified process
-
-3
-00:00:05,720 --> 00:00:08,630
-phases and iterations. So to do that I'm going to bring
-
-4
-00:00:08,630 --> 00:00:12,480
-back the presentation that I used before, the summary representation
-
-5
-00:00:12,480 --> 00:00:16,840
-about phases and traditional software engineering activities. And I want to
-
-6
-00:00:16,840 --> 00:00:19,720
-use this representation to stress and discuss a couple of
-
-7
-00:00:19,720 --> 00:00:22,140
-things. Mainly I want to recap it because I think
-
-8
-00:00:22,140 --> 00:00:25,480
-it is very important. What is the relation between the rational
-
-9
-00:00:25,480 --> 00:00:29,270
-unified process, and the traditional software engineering phases, and software
-
-10
-00:00:29,270 --> 00:00:31,540
-engineering activities? And I like to do it now that
-
-11
-00:00:31,540 --> 00:00:33,648
-we have discussed the phases in a little more detail.
-
-12
-00:00:33,648 --> 00:00:35,920
-So I want to make sure that it is clear by now
-
-13
-00:00:35,920 --> 00:00:39,660
-how and when the traditional software engineering activities, the ones
-
-14
-00:00:39,660 --> 00:00:42,620
-listed here, take place in the context of the RUP
-
-15
-00:00:42,620 --> 00:00:45,850
-phases, the four listed up here. For instance, it should
-
-16
-00:00:45,850 --> 00:00:50,410
-be clear why implementation takes place mainly in the construction phase.
-
-17
-00:00:50,410 --> 00:00:54,140
-Why requirements engineering is prominent in the elaboration phase
-
-18
-00:00:54,140 --> 00:00:58,290
-and why deployment activities occur mostly in the transition phase,
-
-19
-00:00:58,290 --> 00:01:00,120
-and so on. So it should be clear now
-
-20
-00:01:00,120 --> 00:01:03,930
-why the activities are so distributed in the four phases.
-
-21
-00:01:03,930 --> 00:01:06,130
-It should also be clear that although there is
-
-22
-00:01:06,130 --> 00:01:09,350
-normally one main phase for each activity, the activities really
-
-23
-00:01:09,350 --> 00:01:12,550
-span multiple phases. Which is actually one of the interesting
-
-24
-00:01:12,550 --> 00:01:15,580
-aspect of RUP. So the fact that you're not really
-
-25
-00:01:15,580 --> 00:01:19,700
-done with an activity even in later phases. Why? Well, because that allows
-
-26
-00:01:19,700 --> 00:01:22,070
-you, in subsequent iterations, to address
-
-27
-00:01:22,070 --> 00:01:24,370
-problems that came up in previous iterations.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/3 - Key Features of RUP - lang_en_vs6.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/3 - Key Features of RUP - lang_en_vs6.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 74dc52a..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/3 - Key Features of RUP - lang_en_vs6.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,300 --> 00:00:03,450
-So let's start by seeing how these activities and principles
-
-2
-00:00:03,450 --> 00:00:06,640
-are reflected in the key features of the Rational Unified
-
-3
-00:00:06,640 --> 00:00:10,010
-Process. First of all, the Rational Unified Process is a
-
-4
-00:00:10,010 --> 00:00:13,700
-software process model. So if you recall our introductory lessons,
-
-5
-00:00:13,700 --> 00:00:16,670
-that means two main things. The first one is that
-
-6
-00:00:16,670 --> 00:00:19,200
-it defines an order of phases that have to be
-
-7
-00:00:19,200 --> 00:00:21,970
-followed in the software process. And the second thing is
-
-8
-00:00:21,970 --> 00:00:25,420
-that it also prescribes transition criteria, so when to go
-
-9
-00:00:25,420 --> 00:00:28,030
-from one phase to the next. The second key
-
-10
-00:00:28,030 --> 00:00:31,290
-feature of RUP is that it is component based. And
-
-11
-00:00:31,290 --> 00:00:33,810
-also in this case, this implies two main things.
-
-12
-00:00:33,810 --> 00:00:36,410
-The first one is that a software system is defined
-
-13
-00:00:36,410 --> 00:00:39,420
-and built as a set of software components. So
-
-14
-00:00:39,420 --> 00:00:43,110
-software components are the building blocks of our software system.
-
-15
-00:00:43,110 --> 00:00:45,550
-And the second one is that there must be well-defined
-
-16
-00:00:45,550 --> 00:00:48,440
-interfaces between these components, interfaces
-
-17
-00:00:48,440 --> 00:00:50,750
-through which these components communicate.
-
-18
-00:00:50,750 --> 00:00:53,020
-In addition, the Rational Unified Process is
-
-19
-00:00:53,020 --> 00:00:56,080
-tightly related to UML. And in particular, it
-
-20
-00:00:56,080 --> 00:00:58,820
-relies extensively on UML for its notation, and
-
-21
-00:00:58,820 --> 00:01:02,120
-with respect to its basic principles. Finally, the
-
-22
-00:01:02,120 --> 00:01:05,140
-three main distinguishing aspects of the Rational Unified
-
-23
-00:01:05,140 --> 00:01:09,830
-Process are that it is use-case driven, architecture-centric
-
-24
-00:01:09,830 --> 00:01:12,680
-and iterative and incremental. So let's now look
-
-25
-00:01:12,680 --> 00:01:15,565
-in more detail at these three distinguishing aspects,
-
-26
-00:01:15,565 --> 00:01:17,540
-and we're going to look at each one of them individually.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/4 - UML Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/4 - UML Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 4f4af17..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/4 - UML Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:03,440
-Before doing that though, let's have a quiz to check whether you remember
-
-2
-00:00:03,440 --> 00:00:07,160
-the basics of UML. Since we're going to talk about use cases, I want
-
-3
-00:00:07,160 --> 00:00:10,040
-to ask you, what is the difference between a use case and a
-
-4
-00:00:10,040 --> 00:00:13,330
-use case model. So here are the possible answers, and you can mark
-
-5
-00:00:13,330 --> 00:00:16,710
-more than one. First one is that only use case models include actors.
-
-6
-00:00:16,710 --> 00:00:19,150
-The second is that they are the same thing. The third one is
-
-7
-00:00:19,150 --> 00:00:22,000
-that a use case model is a set of use cases. The fourth
-
-8
-00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:24,950
-one says that a use case is a set of use case models.
-
-9
-00:00:24,950 --> 00:00:26,520
-Finally, the last one says that use cases
-
-10
-00:00:26,520 --> 00:00:29,650
-are a dynamic representation, whereas use case models
-
-11
-00:00:29,650 --> 00:00:31,880
-are a static representation of a system. So
-
-12
-00:00:31,880 --> 00:00:33,810
-mark all the answers that you think are correct.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/5 - UML Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/5 - UML Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index c107545..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/5 - UML Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
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@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:02,350
-And the correct answer, in this case it's only one,
-
-2
-00:00:02,350 --> 00:00:04,720
-is that a use case model is a set of use
-
-3
-00:00:04,720 --> 00:00:07,390
-cases. So a use case model is simply a collection of
-
-4
-00:00:07,390 --> 00:00:10,790
-use cases that represent different pieces of functionality for the system.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/6 - UML Quiz - lang_en_vs6.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/6 - UML Quiz - lang_en_vs6.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/6 - UML Quiz - lang_en_vs6.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,330 --> 00:00:02,650
-So, since we are talking about use case diagrams, I also want
-
-2
-00:00:02,650 --> 00:00:05,593
-to ask you, what are use case diagrams used for? So, what
-
-3
-00:00:05,593 --> 00:00:08,600
-are they good for? Why are they useful within a software process?
-
-4
-00:00:08,600 --> 00:00:12,130
-Also in this case, I'm providing several possible answers. They are not really
-
-5
-00:00:12,130 --> 00:00:15,420
-used for anything. Or, they can be used to prioritize requirements. Or,
-
-6
-00:00:15,420 --> 00:00:18,220
-maybe they can be used for user interface design. They can be
-
-7
-00:00:18,220 --> 00:00:20,280
-used during requirements elicitation. They can
-
-8
-00:00:20,280 --> 00:00:21,890
-be used for code optimization. And
-
-9
-00:00:21,890 --> 00:00:25,570
-finally, they can be used for test case design. Also, in this case,
-
-10
-00:00:25,570 --> 00:00:28,650
-I would like you to mark all the answers that you think are correct.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/7 - UML Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs6.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/7 - UML Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs6.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/7 - UML Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs6.srt	
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@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,910
-In this case there are multiple, correct answers. So you should have
-
-2
-00:00:02,910 --> 00:00:05,800
-marked several of those. So let's go through the list. Well this
-
-3
-00:00:05,800 --> 00:00:08,970
-is definitely not true. They are used for something. The second answer,
-
-4
-00:00:08,970 --> 00:00:11,880
-is a correct one, because you can order, the use cases that
-
-5
-00:00:11,880 --> 00:00:13,320
-you planned to realize, according to
-
-6
-00:00:13,320 --> 00:00:15,580
-your prioritization criteria. So basically what
-
-7
-00:00:15,580 --> 00:00:19,100
-you're doing you're prioritizing either in terms of functionality. So you, you
-
-8
-00:00:19,100 --> 00:00:21,680
-can decide which piece of functionality you want to realize first in
-
-9
-00:00:21,680 --> 00:00:25,430
-your system. Or you can also prioritize based on the actors involved.
-
-10
-00:00:25,430 --> 00:00:27,530
-Maybe there are some actors, maybe there are some user
-
-11
-00:00:27,530 --> 00:00:30,580
-roles that you want to support before others, and we'll
-
-12
-00:00:30,580 --> 00:00:33,580
-see some examples of that. The next correct question is
-
-13
-00:00:33,580 --> 00:00:37,190
-that they can be used for requirements elicitation. Why? Well
-
-14
-00:00:37,190 --> 00:00:40,130
-because used cases express what the system is supposed to
-
-15
-00:00:40,130 --> 00:00:43,490
-do for each user. They're an ideal way to collect,
-
-16
-00:00:43,490 --> 00:00:47,110
-represent, and check functional requirements. And we'll also get back
-
-17
-00:00:47,110 --> 00:00:50,700
-to this. And finally, use cases can definitely be used
-
-18
-00:00:50,700 --> 00:00:54,160
-for test case design. So why is that? Because each
-
-19
-00:00:54,160 --> 00:00:58,500
-use case represents a scenario of interaction between users and the
-
-20
-00:00:58,500 --> 00:01:03,470
-system. So testers can very naturally construct test cases based
-
-21
-00:01:03,470 --> 00:01:06,570
-on use cases. And in addition, and most importantly, they can
-
-22
-00:01:06,570 --> 00:01:09,320
-do that even in the absence of code that realizes
-
-23
-00:01:09,320 --> 00:01:11,490
-a use case. So they can do it as soon as
-
-24
-00:01:11,490 --> 00:01:13,740
-they have the requirements. They don't have to wait until the
-
-25
-00:01:13,740 --> 00:01:16,150
-code is ready. So this is not very a important point.
-
-26
-00:01:16,150 --> 00:01:18,400
-So you can have your test cases ready even before
-
-27
-00:01:18,400 --> 00:01:21,150
-writing the code. And now for completeness. Even though this is
-
-28
-00:01:21,150 --> 00:01:23,787
-not listed in the quiz. I also want to mention two
-
-29
-00:01:23,787 --> 00:01:27,040
-additional uses for use cases. The first one is that use
-
-30
-00:01:27,040 --> 00:01:30,080
-cases can be used to estimate effort as we will discuss
-
-31
-00:01:30,080 --> 00:01:32,710
-in more detail in mini course four, when we talk about
-
-32
-00:01:32,710 --> 00:01:35,770
-agile software development. And they can also be used by
-
-33
-00:01:35,770 --> 00:01:38,290
-customers to assess requirements. Which
-
-34
-00:01:38,290 --> 00:01:41,170
-is another fundamentally important role of
-
-35
-00:01:41,170 --> 00:01:44,640
-the use cases. They provide a common language between the customers
-
-36
-00:01:44,640 --> 00:01:47,850
-and the developers which makes it easier to collect the right requirements.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/8 - Use Case Driven - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/8 - Use Case Driven - lang_en_vs5.srt
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index 14ddaab..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/8 - Use Case Driven - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:02,370
-Now let's go back to the distinguishing aspects of
-
-2
-00:00:02,370 --> 00:00:04,710
-RUP, starting from the first one. That is, that the
-
-3
-00:00:04,710 --> 00:00:08,170
-rational unified process is use-case driven. So let's see what
-
-4
-00:00:08,170 --> 00:00:11,310
-that means. Generally speaking, we can see a system as
-
-5
-00:00:11,310 --> 00:00:14,500
-something that performs a sequence of actions in response to
-
-6
-00:00:14,500 --> 00:00:18,100
-user inputs. So the user submits some requests, or requests
-
-7
-00:00:18,100 --> 00:00:22,140
-some functionality, and the system responds to those requests. Use
-
-8
-00:00:22,140 --> 00:00:25,750
-cases, as we just said, capture exactly this interaction and
-
-9
-00:00:25,750 --> 00:00:28,620
-answer the question, what is the system supposed to do
-
-10
-00:00:28,620 --> 00:00:32,150
-for each user? So, this is a very important point.
-
-11
-00:00:32,150 --> 00:00:34,160
-So they can represent what a system can do for
-
-12
-00:00:34,160 --> 00:00:37,240
-each of the different types of users of the system.
-
-13
-00:00:37,240 --> 00:00:39,430
-For this reason, and as we will see in more
-
-14
-00:00:39,430 --> 00:00:42,430
-detail, in the rational unified process, use cases are a
-
-15
-00:00:42,430 --> 00:00:46,680
-central element of the whole development life cycle. From requirements
-
-16
-00:00:46,680 --> 00:00:51,360
-engineering, all the way through the process until testing and maintenance.
-
-17
-00:00:51,360 --> 00:00:54,620
-So, once more, use cases are used to support and
-
-18
-00:00:54,620 --> 00:00:58,162
-help each one of these phases in the rational unified process.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/9 - Architecture Centric - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/9 - Architecture Centric - lang_en_vs5.srt
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index b0f5487..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P3L4 Unified Software Process Subtitles/9 - Architecture Centric - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:02,760
-The second distinguishing aspect of RUP is that it
-
-2
-00:00:02,760 --> 00:00:06,290
-is architecture-centric. As we saw in the first lesson
-
-3
-00:00:06,290 --> 00:00:09,340
-of this mini-course, a software architecture is a view
-
-4
-00:00:09,340 --> 00:00:12,740
-of the entire system that represents all high level
-
-5
-00:00:12,740 --> 00:00:15,710
-principal design decisions. Another way to see this is
-
-6
-00:00:15,710 --> 00:00:18,640
-by saying that use cases define the function of
-
-7
-00:00:18,640 --> 00:00:22,220
-the system, where as architecture defines the form of
-
-8
-00:00:22,220 --> 00:00:25,260
-the system. Use cases give the functionality, architecture tells
-
-9
-00:00:25,260 --> 00:00:28,670
-you how the system should be structured to provide the functionality.
-
-10
-00:00:28,670 --> 00:00:31,000
-So how do we define a software architecture in the rational
-
-11
-00:00:31,000 --> 00:00:33,730
-unified process. Also in this case this happens through
-
-12
-00:00:33,730 --> 00:00:37,340
-a sort of a iterative process. We start by creating a rough
-
-13
-00:00:37,340 --> 00:00:40,070
-outline of the system. And in this case we do it
-
-14
-00:00:40,070 --> 00:00:44,260
-independently from the functionality. So this is just the general structure
-
-15
-00:00:44,260 --> 00:00:46,770
-of the system. For example, we model aspects such as the
-
-16
-00:00:46,770 --> 00:00:50,840
-platform on which the system will run, the overall style. For example,
-
-17
-00:00:50,840 --> 00:00:52,780
-whether it's a client server or a peer to peer
-
-18
-00:00:52,780 --> 00:00:56,450
-system and so on. We then use the key use cases
-
-19
-00:00:56,450 --> 00:01:00,550
-in our use case diagram to define the main subsystems of
-
-20
-00:01:00,550 --> 00:01:03,470
-my architecture. For example, in the case of a banking IT
-
-21
-00:01:03,470 --> 00:01:07,150
-system, one of these subsystems might be the withdrawal system. So
-
-22
-00:01:07,150 --> 00:01:09,410
-what will happen in that case is that we will have
-
-23
-00:01:09,410 --> 00:01:13,240
-some use case that refers to the withdrawal activity, and by
-
-24
-00:01:13,240 --> 00:01:16,470
-analyzing that use case, we'll realize that we need a subsystem
-
-25
-00:01:16,470 --> 00:01:19,810
-that implements that piece of functionality. So again, we use
-
-26
-00:01:19,810 --> 00:01:22,680
-the key use cases to identify and define the key
-
-27
-00:01:22,680 --> 00:01:26,290
-subsystems for my architecture. So once we have that we
-
-28
-00:01:26,290 --> 00:01:30,510
-keep refining the architecture by using additional use cases. So
-
-29
-00:01:30,510 --> 00:01:33,030
-considering more and more pieces of functionality that will help
-
-30
-00:01:33,030 --> 00:01:35,430
-us to refine the architecture of the system and also
-
-31
-00:01:35,430 --> 00:01:39,260
-leveraging our increasing understanding of the system that we're modeling.
-
-32
-00:01:39,260 --> 00:01:41,470
-And this will continue until we are happy with the
-
-33
-00:01:41,470 --> 00:01:42,550
-architecture that we define.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs5.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs5.srt	
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@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,700 --> 00:00:03,682
-Hello, and welcome back. In the previous
-
-2
-00:00:03,682 --> 00:00:07,160
-mini course we covered software design, discussed the
-
-3
-00:00:07,160 --> 00:00:10,020
-UML and the unified software process, and worked
-
-4
-00:00:10,020 --> 00:00:12,160
-on a complex project in which we developed
-
-5
-00:00:12,160 --> 00:00:16,020
-a distributed software system. In this mini course,
-
-6
-00:00:16,020 --> 00:00:17,900
-which is the last one for this class,
-
-7
-00:00:17,900 --> 00:00:21,080
-we will cover my very favorite topic, software
-
-8
-00:00:21,080 --> 00:00:24,850
-testing or more generally, software verification and validation.
-
-9
-00:00:25,860 --> 00:00:28,850
-So why do I love software testing? Well,
-
-10
-00:00:28,850 --> 00:00:32,430
-I love it because it is extremely important. It
-
-11
-00:00:32,430 --> 00:00:38,330
-is very challenging and it is fun but only if you do it in the right way.
-
-12
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-In the upcoming lessons we will discuss why
-
-13
-00:00:40,900 --> 00:00:44,710
-software verification is important, why software testing, which is
-
-14
-00:00:44,710 --> 00:00:47,730
-a specific type of verification, is important, and
-
-15
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-what are the main techniques for performing software testing.
-
-16
-00:00:51,910 --> 00:00:54,866
-We will also discuss test-driven development and agile methods,
-
-17
-00:00:54,866 --> 00:00:57,780
-in which we'll lose some of the rigidity of
-
-18
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-the earlier processes and turn things around by writing
-
-19
-00:01:01,340 --> 00:01:04,260
-tests before we write the code and then writing
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-20
-00:01:04,260 --> 00:01:08,280
-code that makes the test pass. Finally, we will
-
-21
-00:01:08,280 --> 00:01:10,750
-perform a project, in which you get to apply
-
-22
-00:01:10,750 --> 00:01:14,010
-most of the principles and practices of agile development
-
-23
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-in a realistic scenario. So let's jump right in.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/10 - Verification Approaches - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/10 - Verification Approaches - lang_en_vs4.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/10 - Verification Approaches - lang_en_vs4.srt	
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@@ -1,239 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,320 --> 00:00:01,630
-Now that we got out of the way this
-
-2
-00:00:01,630 --> 00:00:04,460
-initial set of basic definitions. Let's go back to our
-
-3
-00:00:04,460 --> 00:00:08,770
-main concept, which is software verification. We said that software
-
-4
-00:00:08,770 --> 00:00:11,730
-is buggy, and because software is buggy, we need to
-
-5
-00:00:11,730 --> 00:00:14,690
-verify the software as much as we can. But how
-
-6
-00:00:14,690 --> 00:00:17,960
-can we verify software? There are several ways to verify
-
-7
-00:00:17,960 --> 00:00:21,150
-a software system. Among those, we will discuss four mainstream
-
-8
-00:00:21,150 --> 00:00:25,410
-approaches. The first one is testing, also called dynamic verification.
-
-9
-00:00:25,410 --> 00:00:29,400
-The second approach is static verification. The third approach is
-
-10
-00:00:29,400 --> 00:00:33,000
-inspections. And finally, we're going to consider a fourth approach which is
-
-11
-00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:36,090
-formal proofs of correctness. So what I'm going to do
-
-12
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-next, I'm going to first provide an overview of these approaches and
-
-13
-00:00:39,570 --> 00:00:41,930
-then discuss some of them in more depth and please
-
-14
-00:00:41,930 --> 00:00:44,430
-note that although we will discuss all four approaches we will
-
-15
-00:00:44,430 --> 00:00:47,350
-spend most of our time on software testing. As software
-
-16
-00:00:47,350 --> 00:00:50,850
-testing is the most popular and most used approach in industry.
-
-17
-00:00:50,850 --> 00:00:53,050
-So let's start with our overview and in particular
-
-18
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-with testing. Testing a software system means exercising the system
-
-19
-00:00:58,050 --> 00:01:01,680
-to try to make it fail. More precisely, let's consider
-
-20
-00:01:01,680 --> 00:01:04,440
-a program. Its input domain, which is the set of
-
-21
-00:01:04,440 --> 00:01:06,990
-all the possible inputs for the program and, its output
-
-22
-00:01:06,990 --> 00:01:09,470
-domain, which is a set of all the possible corresponding
-
-23
-00:01:09,470 --> 00:01:13,010
-outputs. Given this context, we can define what a test
-
-24
-00:01:13,010 --> 00:01:16,360
-case is. A test case is a pair that consists
-
-25
-00:01:16,360 --> 00:01:19,090
-of a, an input from the input domain D,
-
-26
-00:01:19,090 --> 00:01:22,620
-and then, expected output O from the output domain.
-
-27
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-And O is the element in the output domain
-
-28
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-that a correct software would produce when ran against I.
-
-29
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-We can also define the concept of test suite,
-
-30
-00:01:32,170 --> 00:01:34,840
-which is a set of test cases, and we're going to
-
-31
-00:01:34,840 --> 00:01:37,730
-use these two concepts of test case and test
-
-32
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-suite quite a bit in the rest of the lessons.
-
-33
-00:01:41,400 --> 00:01:44,980
-Subject verification, tries to identify specific classes of problems
-
-34
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-in the program. Such as null pointer dereferences. And
-
-35
-00:01:47,620 --> 00:01:49,750
-unlike testing, what it does is that it does
-
-36
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-not just consider individual inputs, it instead considers all
-
-37
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-possible inputs for the program. So it consider in
-
-38
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-a sense all possible executions of the program and
-
-39
-00:01:59,366 --> 00:02:02,402
-all possible behaviors of the program, that's why we
-
-40
-00:02:02,402 --> 00:02:06,560
-save the verification unlike testing it's complete. The 3rd technique
-
-41
-00:02:06,560 --> 00:02:08,755
-we are going to consider is inspections,
-
-42
-00:02:08,755 --> 00:02:12,804
-and inspections are also called reviews or walkthroughs.
-
-43
-00:02:12,804 --> 00:02:15,010
-And unlike the previous techniques, inspections are a
-
-44
-00:02:15,010 --> 00:02:18,660
-human intensive activity, more precisely, they are a
-
-45
-00:02:18,660 --> 00:02:22,520
-manual and group activity in which several
-
-46
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-people from the organization that developed the software,
-
-47
-00:02:25,700 --> 00:02:29,190
-look at the code or other artifacts developed
-
-48
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-during the software production and try to identify
-
-49
-00:02:31,888 --> 00:02:35,950
-defects in these artifacts. And interestingly inspections
-
-50
-00:02:35,950 --> 00:02:37,580
-have been shown to be quite effective in
-
-51
-00:02:37,580 --> 00:02:39,820
-practice and that's the reason why they're used
-
-52
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-quite widely in the industry. Finally, the last
-
-53
-00:02:42,550 --> 00:02:45,100
-technique I want to mention is Formal
-
-54
-00:02:45,100 --> 00:02:49,650
-Proof (of correctness). Given a software specification, and
-
-55
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-actually a formal specification, so a document that
-
-56
-00:02:53,370 --> 00:02:57,410
-formally defines and specifies the behavior, the expected
-
-57
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-behavior of the program. A form of proof of
-
-58
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-correctness proves that the program being verified, actually implements
-
-59
-00:03:05,400 --> 00:03:07,922
-the program specification and it does that through a
-
-60
-00:03:07,922 --> 00:03:12,880
-sophisticated mathematical analysis of the specifications and of the code.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/11 - Pros and Cons of Approaches - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/11 - Pros and Cons of Approaches - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 36a58ee..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/11 - Pros and Cons of Approaches - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,195 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,230 --> 00:00:02,870
-The four different techniques that we just discussed have
-
-2
-00:00:02,870 --> 00:00:06,120
-a number of pros and cons. So next we
-
-3
-00:00:06,120 --> 00:00:08,780
-are going to discuss the main pros and cons
-
-4
-00:00:08,780 --> 00:00:11,140
-for these techniques, so as to be able to compare
-
-5
-00:00:11,140 --> 00:00:14,330
-them. When testing is concerned the main positive about
-
-6
-00:00:14,330 --> 00:00:17,600
-this technique is that it does not generate false
-
-7
-00:00:17,600 --> 00:00:21,740
-alarms. In other words, it doesn't generate false positives.
-
-8
-00:00:21,740 --> 00:00:25,180
-What that means, is that when testing generates a failure,
-
-9
-00:00:25,180 --> 00:00:27,230
-that means that there is an actual problem in the
-
-10
-00:00:27,230 --> 00:00:30,060
-code. The main limitation of testing, however, is that it
-
-11
-00:00:30,060 --> 00:00:33,680
-is highly incomplete. Consider again the picture that we drew
-
-12
-00:00:33,680 --> 00:00:36,430
-a little earlier. The one representing the input domain of
-
-13
-00:00:36,430 --> 00:00:39,430
-the program being tested. Even in the best scenario, testing
-
-14
-00:00:39,430 --> 00:00:44,050
-can consider only a tiny fraction of the problem domain,
-
-15
-00:00:44,050 --> 00:00:47,430
-and therefor a tiny fraction of the program's behavior, and
-
-16
-00:00:47,430 --> 00:00:50,308
-we'll say a lot more about that in the following lessons.
-
-17
-00:00:50,308 --> 00:00:53,780
-Static verification, unlike testing, has the main advantage
-
-18
-00:00:53,780 --> 00:00:57,320
-that it considers all program behaviors. If we
-
-19
-00:00:57,320 --> 00:01:00,370
-look back at our diagram, whereas testing will
-
-20
-00:01:00,370 --> 00:01:04,010
-select only a few of those inputs, static verification
-
-21
-00:01:04,010 --> 00:01:07,120
-will consider them all. Unfortunately, however, this comes
-
-22
-00:01:07,120 --> 00:01:08,990
-with a price. Due to limitation of this
-
-23
-00:01:08,990 --> 00:01:11,490
-kind of analysis and due to infeasibility issues,
-
-24
-00:01:11,490 --> 00:01:15,260
-static verifiation considers not only all the possible behaviours,
-
-25
-00:01:15,260 --> 00:01:18,870
-but also some impossible behaviors. And what that means is
-
-26
-00:01:18,870 --> 00:01:22,472
-that static gratificaition can generate false positives. And this is,
-
-27
-00:01:22,472 --> 00:01:24,590
-in fact, the main issue with static verification techniques. As
-
-28
-00:01:24,590 --> 00:01:28,550
-we will further discuss later in the class, static verification can
-
-29
-00:01:28,550 --> 00:01:31,280
-generate results that are not true. For example, it might
-
-30
-00:01:31,280 --> 00:01:33,970
-report a possible no point of the refernce that cannot
-
-31
-00:01:33,970 --> 00:01:37,590
-actually occur in practice. The strongest point about inspections is
-
-32
-00:01:37,590 --> 00:01:40,950
-that, when they're done in a rigorous way, they're systematic and
-
-33
-00:01:40,950 --> 00:01:43,420
-they result in a thorough analysis of the code.
-
-34
-00:01:43,420 --> 00:01:46,840
-They are nevertheless a manual process, a human process.
-
-35
-00:01:46,840 --> 00:01:49,890
-So they're not formal and their effectiveness may depend
-
-36
-00:01:49,890 --> 00:01:53,560
-on the specific people performing the inspection. So its results
-
-37
-00:01:53,560 --> 00:01:57,150
-can be subjective. Finally, the main pro about formal
-
-38
-00:01:57,150 --> 00:02:01,090
-proofs of correctness is that they provide strong guarantees.
-
-39
-00:02:01,090 --> 00:02:03,740
-They can guarantee that the program is correct, which
-
-40
-00:02:03,740 --> 00:02:06,280
-is not something that any of the other approaches can
-
-41
-00:02:06,280 --> 00:02:09,505
-do, including study verification. But the main limitation of
-
-42
-00:02:09,505 --> 00:02:12,680
-formal proofs is that they need a form of specification,
-
-43
-00:02:12,680 --> 00:02:15,750
-a complete mathematical description of the expected behavior of
-
-44
-00:02:15,750 --> 00:02:19,060
-the whole program, and unfortunately such a specification is rarely
-
-45
-00:02:19,060 --> 00:02:21,920
-available, and it is very complex to build one.
-
-46
-00:02:21,920 --> 00:02:25,170
-In addition, it is also very complex, and possibly expensive,
-
-47
-00:02:25,170 --> 00:02:27,720
-to prove that the program corresponds to a specification.
-
-48
-00:02:27,720 --> 00:02:30,990
-That is a process that requires strong mathematical skills and,
-
-49
-00:02:30,990 --> 00:02:32,551
-therefore, a very specialized personnel.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/12 - Verification Approaches Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/12 - Verification Approaches Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index a5aa4f7..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/12 - Verification Approaches Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:02,570
-So let's have another simple quiz, and we're going to
-
-2
-00:00:02,570 --> 00:00:05,490
-have our developer Brett introducing the quiz. And the
-
-3
-00:00:05,490 --> 00:00:07,900
-starting point for this quiz is the fact that
-
-4
-00:00:07,900 --> 00:00:11,970
-today, quality assurance, or verification, if you wish, is mostly
-
-5
-00:00:11,970 --> 00:00:15,730
-testing. That is, testing is the most commonly used
-
-6
-00:00:15,730 --> 00:00:19,550
-activity to perform software verification. So now, I'm going to show
-
-7
-00:00:19,550 --> 00:00:22,310
-you a quote, 50% of my company employees are
-
-8
-00:00:22,310 --> 00:00:25,691
-testers and the rest spends 50% of their time testing,
-
-9
-00:00:25,691 --> 00:00:27,347
-so I want to ask you, who said
-
-10
-00:00:27,347 --> 00:00:29,664
-that? I'm going to give you some possibilities. Was
-
-11
-00:00:29,664 --> 00:00:34,215
-that Yogi Berra, Steve Jobs, Henry Ford, Bill
-
-12
-00:00:34,215 --> 00:00:37,360
-Gates or Frank Gehry? Take your best guess.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/13 - Verification Approaches Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/13 - Verification Approaches Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index b8a0076..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/13 - Verification Approaches Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,260 --> 00:00:04,090
-And the correct answer is Bill Gates. So this gives you an idea of how
-
-2
-00:00:04,090 --> 00:00:07,070
-important testing is in Microsoft in particular,
-
-3
-00:00:07,070 --> 00:00:09,350
-but in many other software companies in general.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/14 - Testing Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/14 - Testing Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 70df565..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/14 - Testing Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,340 --> 00:00:02,290
-So let's talk more about testing, as we said a
-
-2
-00:00:02,290 --> 00:00:06,500
-little earlier in the lesson, testing means executing the program on
-
-3
-00:00:06,500 --> 00:00:09,400
-a sample of the input domain, that is of all
-
-4
-00:00:09,400 --> 00:00:12,210
-the possible input data and I really want to stress that
-
-5
-00:00:12,210 --> 00:00:16,190
-this sample is tiny sample of the input domain. There
-
-6
-00:00:16,190 --> 00:00:19,154
-are two important aspects of testing that I'm want to mention here,
-
-7
-00:00:19,154 --> 00:00:22,360
-there first one is that testing is a dynamic technique. And
-
-8
-00:00:22,360 --> 00:00:25,370
-what that means is that the program must be executed in
-
-9
-00:00:25,370 --> 00:00:28,130
-order to perform testing. The second important point is that
-
-10
-00:00:28,130 --> 00:00:32,040
-testing is an optimistic approximation. And what does it mean
-
-11
-00:00:32,040 --> 00:00:35,590
-to be optimistic? Well, it means that the program under
-
-12
-00:00:35,590 --> 00:00:38,820
-test is exercised with a very small subset of all the
-
-13
-00:00:38,820 --> 00:00:41,260
-possible inputs as we just said. And this is done
-
-14
-00:00:41,260 --> 00:00:45,150
-under the assumption that the behavior with any other input
-
-15
-00:00:45,150 --> 00:00:47,770
-is consistent with the behavior shown for the selected subset
-
-16
-00:00:47,770 --> 00:00:51,140
-of input data, that is why it is an optimistic approach.
-
-17
-00:00:51,140 --> 00:00:54,620
-Another concept that I want to mention explicitly, is the
-
-18
-00:00:54,620 --> 00:00:57,930
-concept of successful test. And I'm going to do that,
-
-19
-00:00:57,930 --> 00:01:01,260
-using another quote. This one from Goodenough and Gerhart
-
-20
-00:01:01,260 --> 00:01:03,850
-in their paper Towards a Theory of Test Data Selection,
-
-21
-00:01:03,850 --> 00:01:06,420
-and what the quote says is that a test
-
-22
-00:01:06,420 --> 00:01:10,000
-is successful if the program fails. And this might sound
-
-23
-00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:13,650
-counterintuitive, but the point here is that testing cannot
-
-24
-00:01:13,650 --> 00:01:16,490
-prove the absence of errors, but only reveal their presence.
-
-25
-00:01:16,490 --> 00:01:21,550
-If a set of tests does not produce any failure, we are either in the extremely
-
-26
-00:01:21,550 --> 00:01:24,050
-unlikely case of a correct program, or in
-
-27
-00:01:24,050 --> 00:01:26,650
-the very likely situation of a bad set of
-
-28
-00:01:26,650 --> 00:01:30,932
-tests that are not able to reveal failures of the program. And that is why we
-
-29
-00:01:30,932 --> 00:01:32,730
-say that the test is successful if you
-
-30
-00:01:32,730 --> 00:01:35,110
-can show that there are problems in the program.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/15 - Testing Granularity Levels - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/15 - Testing Granularity Levels - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 83df7ea..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/15 - Testing Granularity Levels - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,275 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:03,050
-And before I start talking about specific testing techniques, there's
-
-2
-00:00:03,050 --> 00:00:05,490
-something else that I want to discuss, which is Testing
-
-3
-00:00:05,490 --> 00:00:09,090
-Granularity Levels. So let's consider a software system, a system
-
-4
-00:00:09,090 --> 00:00:12,310
-made out of components that interact with one another. So the
-
-5
-00:00:12,310 --> 00:00:15,000
-first level that we consider in testing is called Unit
-
-6
-00:00:15,000 --> 00:00:18,490
-Testing, which is the testing of the individual units or modules
-
-7
-00:00:18,490 --> 00:00:20,690
-in isolation. The next step, is to see there are
-
-8
-00:00:20,690 --> 00:00:25,340
-multiple modules and their interactions. And this is called Integration Testing.
-
-9
-00:00:25,340 --> 00:00:28,650
-So, integration testing is the testing of the interactions among
-
-10
-00:00:28,650 --> 00:00:31,460
-different modules. And it can be performed according to different
-
-11
-00:00:31,460 --> 00:00:34,260
-strategies. Depending on the order in which the modules are
-
-12
-00:00:34,260 --> 00:00:37,570
-integrated and on whether we integrate one module at a time
-
-13
-00:00:37,570 --> 00:00:40,510
-or multiple modules together, all at once. And in this
-
-14
-00:00:40,510 --> 00:00:43,240
-latter case, we call this kind of integration testing, the one that
-
-15
-00:00:43,240 --> 00:00:47,640
-integrates all the modules at once, Big Bang integration testing.
-
-16
-00:00:47,640 --> 00:00:50,520
-And after performing integration testing, the next step is to test
-
-17
-00:00:50,520 --> 00:00:52,750
-the complete system as a whole. And this level of
-
-18
-00:00:52,750 --> 00:00:56,190
-testing is normally called, System Testing. So system testing in the
-
-19
-00:00:56,190 --> 00:00:59,560
-testing of the complete system and it includes both functional and
-
-20
-00:00:59,560 --> 00:01:03,250
-non functional testing. We will discuss functional and non functional testing
-
-21
-00:01:03,250 --> 00:01:05,575
-in details in the next two lessons. But I just
-
-22
-00:01:05,575 --> 00:01:08,330
-want to give you an idea of what they are intuitively. Functional
-
-23
-00:01:08,330 --> 00:01:12,250
-tests are the test that aim to verify the functionality provided
-
-24
-00:01:12,250 --> 00:01:15,680
-by the system. For example if you consider the function double
-
-25
-00:01:15,680 --> 00:01:17,840
-value that we saw earlier in the lesson, a
-
-26
-00:01:17,840 --> 00:01:20,660
-functional test will try to assess that that function
-
-27
-00:01:20,660 --> 00:01:23,970
-is producing the right value given a specific input.
-
-28
-00:01:23,970 --> 00:01:26,826
-Conversely, no functional test are the one that target, as
-
-29
-00:01:26,826 --> 00:01:30,540
-surprisingly, no functional properties of the system. For example,
-
-30
-00:01:30,540 --> 00:01:34,060
-no functional test will include performance tests, load tests,
-
-31
-00:01:34,060 --> 00:01:37,310
-robustness tests. In general, no functional tests will try
-
-32
-00:01:37,310 --> 00:01:41,410
-to assess different qualities of the system, such as reliability,
-
-33
-00:01:41,410 --> 00:01:45,970
-maintainability, usability, so basically, all the ilities that you can
-
-34
-00:01:45,970 --> 00:01:49,760
-think about. In addition to these three basic testing levels, there
-
-35
-00:01:49,760 --> 00:01:51,830
-are two more levels that I want to consider and that
-
-36
-00:01:51,830 --> 00:01:55,150
-I want to discuss. And they both involve the whole system.
-
-37
-00:01:55,150 --> 00:01:57,610
-And the first one is Acceptance Testing which is the
-
-38
-00:01:57,610 --> 00:02:01,320
-validation of the software against the Customer requirements. So this is
-
-39
-00:02:01,320 --> 00:02:04,090
-the testing that makes sure that the system does what the
-
-40
-00:02:04,090 --> 00:02:06,720
-customer wants it to do. And the last type of testing
-
-41
-00:02:06,720 --> 00:02:09,729
-that I want to mention is Regression Testing. And regression testing
-
-42
-00:02:09,729 --> 00:02:13,260
-is the type of testing or retesting, that we perform every time
-
-43
-00:02:13,260 --> 00:02:15,540
-that we change our system. And we need to make sure
-
-44
-00:02:15,540 --> 00:02:19,060
-that the changes behave as intended and that the unchanged code is
-
-45
-00:02:19,060 --> 00:02:22,680
-not negatively affected by the modification, by these changes. In fact,
-
-46
-00:02:22,680 --> 00:02:25,070
-what can happen when you modify the code is that parts of
-
-47
-00:02:25,070 --> 00:02:28,120
-the code that are related to the changes, are actually affected
-
-48
-00:02:28,120 --> 00:02:32,110
-by the changes, and start misbehaving. And we call those regression errors.
-
-49
-00:02:32,110 --> 00:02:35,080
-And regression errors, are very common. For example, you're probably
-
-50
-00:02:35,080 --> 00:02:38,070
-familiar with the situation in which, one software update is
-
-51
-00:02:38,070 --> 00:02:41,350
-released, and just a few days later, another software update
-
-52
-00:02:41,350 --> 00:02:44,640
-is released. In many cases that happens because the first update
-
-53
-00:02:44,640 --> 00:02:47,760
-was containing regression errors. So the changes in the code
-
-54
-00:02:47,760 --> 00:02:51,100
-that broke some functionality, that resulted in failures on the user's
-
-55
-00:02:51,100 --> 00:02:53,940
-machine and in bug reports and therefore that caused further
-
-56
-00:02:53,940 --> 00:02:57,090
-maintenance, further bug fixes, and a release on a new version.
-
-57
-00:02:57,090 --> 00:02:59,790
-Something else I'd like to mention about regression testing, is that
-
-58
-00:02:59,790 --> 00:03:02,535
-regression testing is one of the main causes why software maintenance is
-
-59
-00:03:02,535 --> 00:03:05,679
-so expensive. And that's also why researchers have invested a great
-
-60
-00:03:05,679 --> 00:03:07,481
-deal of effort into refining regression
-
-61
-00:03:07,481 --> 00:03:09,495
-testing techniques that can make regression
-
-62
-00:03:09,495 --> 00:03:12,599
-testing more effective and more efficient. So let me leave you,
-
-63
-00:03:12,599 --> 00:03:15,129
-with a little piece of advice which is try to automate as
-
-64
-00:03:15,129 --> 00:03:19,470
-much as possible regression testing. For example use scripts, use tools, make
-
-65
-00:03:19,470 --> 00:03:22,660
-sure to save your harness, make sure to save your input, and
-
-66
-00:03:22,660 --> 00:03:24,820
-outputs for the test, because you want to be able
-
-67
-00:03:24,820 --> 00:03:27,680
-to rerun your test, at a push of a button as
-
-68
-00:03:27,680 --> 00:03:29,750
-much as possible every time you change your code, to
-
-69
-00:03:29,750 --> 00:03:32,560
-avoid the presence of regression errors in the code you release.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/16 - Alpha and Beta Testing - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/16 - Alpha and Beta Testing - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index f81f551..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/16 - Alpha and Beta Testing - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,510 --> 00:00:02,754
-All the testing levels that we've seen so far is what
-
-2
-00:00:02,754 --> 00:00:06,058
-we can call developer's testing. So that's testing that is performed
-
-3
-00:00:06,058 --> 00:00:09,649
-either within the testing organization, or by somebody who's doing like
-
-4
-00:00:09,649 --> 00:00:13,520
-third-party testers on behalf of the testing organization. But there are two
-
-5
-00:00:13,520 --> 00:00:16,280
-other kinds of testing that are worth mentioning that are also
-
-6
-00:00:16,280 --> 00:00:19,600
-related to testing phases and these are alpha and beta testing.
-
-7
-00:00:19,600 --> 00:00:23,050
-Alpha testing is the testing performed by distributing a software system
-
-8
-00:00:23,050 --> 00:00:26,000
-ready to be released to a set of users that are internal
-
-9
-00:00:26,000 --> 00:00:29,480
-to the organization that developed the software. So you can consider these
-
-10
-00:00:29,480 --> 00:00:32,460
-users as, if you pass me the term, guinea pigs that will
-
-11
-00:00:32,460 --> 00:00:35,170
-use an early version of the code and will likely discover errors
-
-12
-00:00:35,170 --> 00:00:37,850
-that escaped testing and will have made it to the field if
-
-13
-00:00:37,850 --> 00:00:41,390
-not caught. Beta testing is the next step after alpha testing, in
-
-14
-00:00:41,390 --> 00:00:44,530
-which the software is released to a selected subset of users, in
-
-15
-00:00:44,530 --> 00:00:47,770
-this case, outside your organization. And also in this case, the users
-
-16
-00:00:47,770 --> 00:00:51,110
-are likely to discover latent errors in the code before it is officially
-
-17
-00:00:51,110 --> 00:00:54,240
-released to the broader user population, so before we have an
-
-18
-00:00:54,240 --> 00:00:56,850
-actual product release. So you may wonder why do we need
-
-19
-00:00:56,850 --> 00:00:59,360
-to do both alpha and beta testing. Why not just one
-
-20
-00:00:59,360 --> 00:01:02,980
-of the two? The reason is that alpha testing is performed
-
-21
-00:01:02,980 --> 00:01:06,730
-to iron out the very obvious issues that still escape testing,
-
-22
-00:01:06,730 --> 00:01:09,610
-but we want to do that before involving people outside your
-
-23
-00:01:09,610 --> 00:01:12,730
-organization. And the rationale is that alpha testers have a higher
-
-24
-00:01:12,730 --> 00:01:16,710
-tolerance for problems than beta testers, who expect a mostly working system.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/17 - Black and White Box Testing Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/17 - Black and White Box Testing Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index c61e331..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/17 - Black and White Box Testing Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,370 --> 00:00:02,520
-We're almost at the end of this lesson. In the
-
-2
-00:00:02,520 --> 00:00:05,520
-next two lessons we're going to talk about two main families
-
-3
-00:00:05,520 --> 00:00:07,800
-of testing techniques, black-box testing
-
-4
-00:00:07,800 --> 00:00:10,340
-techniques, and white-box testing techniques. So,
-
-5
-00:00:10,340 --> 00:00:12,730
-what I want to do before getting into the discussion of the
-
-6
-00:00:12,730 --> 00:00:15,385
-specific techniques in this families. I want to give you an
-
-7
-00:00:15,385 --> 00:00:19,440
-overview of what black-box testing and white-box testing are. Black box
-
-8
-00:00:19,440 --> 00:00:21,950
-testing is the kind of testing in which we consider the
-
-9
-00:00:21,950 --> 00:00:25,570
-software as a closed box. That's why it's called black box.
-
-10
-00:00:25,570 --> 00:00:27,770
-So we don't look inside the software, we don't want to
-
-11
-00:00:27,770 --> 00:00:30,131
-look at the code. We just going to look at the description
-
-12
-00:00:30,131 --> 00:00:33,210
-of the software. So this is the testing that is based
-
-13
-00:00:33,210 --> 00:00:36,100
-on a description of the software, which is what we normally
-
-14
-00:00:36,100 --> 00:00:39,690
-call the specification for the software. And what black box testing
-
-15
-00:00:39,690 --> 00:00:44,040
-tries to do is to cover as much specified behavior as
-
-16
-00:00:44,040 --> 00:00:47,290
-possible, and the main limitation black box testing and the reason
-
-17
-00:00:47,290 --> 00:00:51,540
-why this is complimentary to white-box testing is that it cannot reveal
-
-18
-00:00:51,540 --> 00:00:56,590
-errors due to implementation details. Conversely, white-box testing
-
-19
-00:00:56,590 --> 00:00:58,430
-is the kind of testing that looks inside the
-
-20
-00:00:58,430 --> 00:01:00,360
-box. So looks at the code and how
-
-21
-00:01:00,360 --> 00:01:02,760
-the code is written and uses this information to
-
-22
-00:01:02,760 --> 00:01:06,300
-perform the testing. So white-box testing is based
-
-23
-00:01:06,300 --> 00:01:09,120
-on the code, its goal is to cover as
-
-24
-00:01:09,120 --> 00:01:13,210
-much coded behavior in this case, as possible, and
-
-25
-00:01:13,210 --> 00:01:17,100
-its limitation is that unlike black-box testing, it can't
-
-26
-00:01:17,100 --> 00:01:21,880
-reveal errors due to missing paths. Where missing paths are
-
-27
-00:01:21,880 --> 00:01:25,250
-a part of a software specification that are not implemented and
-
-28
-00:01:25,250 --> 00:01:27,320
-the reason why you can not reveal them is because
-
-29
-00:01:27,320 --> 00:01:29,790
-it is focused on the code and not on the specification.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/18 - Black Box Testing Example - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/18 - Black Box Testing Example - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index dab72eb..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/18 - Black Box Testing Example - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,500 --> 00:00:03,185
-To give you a slightly better understanding of the differences
-
-2
-00:00:03,185 --> 00:00:06,300
-between black-box testing and white-box testing, I am going to provide you
-
-3
-00:00:06,300 --> 00:00:10,040
-a couple of simple examples that illustrate the, the strengths and
-
-4
-00:00:10,040 --> 00:00:12,920
-limitations of these two techniques. So, in this case, let's start
-
-5
-00:00:12,920 --> 00:00:15,750
-with black-box testing, so we're only working with this specification.
-
-6
-00:00:15,750 --> 00:00:18,540
-So, let's say that our specification says that this is a
-
-7
-00:00:18,540 --> 00:00:23,550
-program that inputs an integer value and prints it. And implementation,
-
-8
-00:00:23,550 --> 00:00:25,900
-we don't know because we're working at the black box level.
-
-9
-00:00:25,900 --> 00:00:28,710
-If we wanted to test this function according to its
-
-10
-00:00:28,710 --> 00:00:32,060
-specification, what we will probably do is to select a positive
-
-11
-00:00:32,060 --> 00:00:35,370
-integer, a negative integer, and the zero as test inputs
-
-12
-00:00:35,370 --> 00:00:37,840
-and see how the program behaves for these inputs. So let
-
-13
-00:00:37,840 --> 00:00:41,500
-me now show you a possible implementation for this specification.
-
-14
-00:00:41,500 --> 00:00:44,590
-What I'm showing here is this function that we called print
-
-15
-00:00:44,590 --> 00:00:48,010
-NumBytes, which takes the parameter and prints it. And one thing
-
-16
-00:00:48,010 --> 00:00:50,905
-that we notice right away is that, although in the specification,
-
-17
-00:00:50,905 --> 00:00:53,960
-numbers that are less than 1024 and numbers that
-
-18
-00:00:53,960 --> 00:00:57,320
-are greater or equal to 1024 are exactly equivalent from
-
-19
-00:00:57,320 --> 00:01:01,020
-the specification standpoint. They're however treated differently in the
-
-20
-00:01:01,020 --> 00:01:04,140
-code, so the developer decided that the program was just
-
-21
-00:01:04,140 --> 00:01:06,200
-going to print the value of the parameter if it's
-
-22
-00:01:06,200 --> 00:01:09,300
-less than 1024. But it was actually divided by 1024
-
-23
-00:01:09,300 --> 00:01:13,560
-and printing it with a kilobyte mark after it
-
-24
-00:01:13,560 --> 00:01:16,170
-if you are greater than 1024. And notice that here,
-
-25
-00:01:16,170 --> 00:01:19,370
-there is a problem. The developer, just a number 124, instead
-
-26
-00:01:19,370 --> 00:01:22,840
-of 1024. So there's probably a typo in this point in the
-
-27
-00:01:22,840 --> 00:01:26,260
-code. So this is a case in which by simply doing black-box
-
-28
-00:01:26,260 --> 00:01:28,750
-testing, so by simply looking at the specific issue, we might miss
-
-29
-00:01:28,750 --> 00:01:31,510
-this problem. Because we have no reason to consider numbers that are
-
-30
-00:01:31,510 --> 00:01:34,780
-less than 1024 or greater than 1024. However if we were to
-
-31
-00:01:34,780 --> 00:01:38,010
-look at the code, so operating at white-box manner, we will right
-
-32
-00:01:38,010 --> 00:01:41,340
-away see that we need to have a test case that checks
-
-33
-00:01:41,340 --> 00:01:44,880
-the program when the parameter is greater than 1024. And we will find
-
-34
-00:01:44,880 --> 00:01:47,300
-the problem right away. So now let me show you a dual example.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/19 - White Box Testing Example - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/19 - White Box Testing Example - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 896f9b1..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/19 - White Box Testing Example - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:03,086
-In this case we focus on white box testing. So consider now this
-
-2
-00:00:03,086 --> 00:00:06,556
-other function, called fun. And let's assume that we want to test this function
-
-3
-00:00:06,556 --> 00:00:09,777
-without having a specification. So without knowing exactly what it needs to do.
-
-4
-00:00:09,777 --> 00:00:12,996
-But just by looking at the code. So we will try to do the
-
-5
-00:00:12,996 --> 00:00:16,030
-problem in this case is to try to just execute all the statements.
-
-6
-00:00:16,030 --> 00:00:18,995
-In the function. And notice I will talk extensively of what does it
-
-7
-00:00:18,995 --> 00:00:22,560
-means to do white box testing later on in the next, two classes.
-
-8
-00:00:22,560 --> 00:00:25,560
-So if that's our goal, if our goal is to cover all the statements,
-
-9
-00:00:25,560 --> 00:00:27,670
-any input will really do. So any test case
-
-10
-00:00:27,670 --> 00:00:30,250
-will excecute all statements in the code. And we'll a
-
-11
-00:00:30,250 --> 00:00:33,801
-complete, you know, white-box testing coverage for the program.
-
-12
-00:00:33,801 --> 00:00:35,865
-Imagine that I now give you a specification for this
-
-13
-00:00:35,865 --> 00:00:39,071
-function. And what the specification says is that this
-
-14
-00:00:39,071 --> 00:00:43,232
-function inputs an integer parameter, param, and returns half of
-
-15
-00:00:43,232 --> 00:00:45,860
-its value, if param is even, and its value
-
-16
-00:00:45,860 --> 00:00:50,740
-unchanged otherwise. That means if param is odd. So looking
-
-17
-00:00:50,740 --> 00:00:54,320
-at this specification, we can clearly see that the function fun
-
-18
-00:00:54,320 --> 00:00:57,740
-works correctly only for even integers, and it doesn't work for
-
-19
-00:00:57,740 --> 00:01:00,570
-odd integers. Because it computes. Half of the value of the
-
-20
-00:01:00,570 --> 00:01:04,410
-parameter and returns it every time, no matter what param is. So
-
-21
-00:01:04,410 --> 00:01:07,320
-this is a case in which white box testing could easily
-
-22
-00:01:07,320 --> 00:01:10,620
-miss the problem, because as we said any input will exercise
-
-23
-00:01:10,620 --> 00:01:12,900
-the code. It's just by chance that we could reveal one
-
-24
-00:01:12,900 --> 00:01:15,750
-that revealed the problem in the code. Conversely if we were to
-
-25
-00:01:15,750 --> 00:01:19,520
-work, in a black box manner. Typically looking at the specification, we
-
-26
-00:01:19,520 --> 00:01:22,390
-will select at least one odd, and one even input number to
-
-27
-00:01:22,390 --> 00:01:25,010
-exercise all of the specified behavior. And we will find the problem
-
-28
-00:01:25,010 --> 00:01:28,110
-right away. So these two examples are just very small examples, and
-
-29
-00:01:28,110 --> 00:01:30,910
-they're kind of, you know, stretched. But these kind of issues occur
-
-30
-00:01:30,910 --> 00:01:33,680
-on a much bigger scale and in much more subtle ways in
-
-31
-00:01:33,680 --> 00:01:36,970
-real world software. And so what this examples do is to show
-
-32
-00:01:36,970 --> 00:01:41,270
-you, how black box and white box tests are really complimentary techniques.
-
-33
-00:01:41,270 --> 00:01:43,130
-So in the next two lessions we will explore
-
-34
-00:01:43,130 --> 00:01:45,130
-these two types of techniques in detail. We will
-
-35
-00:01:45,130 --> 00:01:48,020
-see different kinds of white box and black box
-
-36
-00:01:48,020 --> 00:01:50,670
-testing. And we'll talk about their strengths and the mutations
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/2 - Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/2 - Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/2 - Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:02,750
-So let me start with some examples that motivate the
-
-2
-00:00:02,750 --> 00:00:06,330
-need for very fine software. The first example I want to
-
-3
-00:00:06,330 --> 00:00:09,580
-use is the famous Arian five. And if you remember
-
-4
-00:00:09,580 --> 00:00:13,060
-that's a rocket that exploded not too long after departure.
-
-5
-00:00:13,060 --> 00:00:15,800
-Because of a software error. And even without going to
-
-6
-00:00:15,800 --> 00:00:19,400
-such dramatic examples. I'm sure you're all familiar with this
-
-7
-00:00:19,400 --> 00:00:22,470
-kind of situation. Or this one, or again in this
-
-8
-00:00:22,470 --> 00:00:26,070
-one. And here I'm not really picking on any specific organization,
-
-9
-00:00:26,070 --> 00:00:32,280
-operating system or software. The point I want to make is that software is
-
-10
-00:00:32,280 --> 00:00:34,730
-buggy. In fact, a federal report from
-
-11
-00:00:34,730 --> 00:00:37,810
-a few years ago assessed that software bugs
-
-12
-00:00:37,810 --> 00:00:41,300
-are costing the US economy, $60 billion
-
-13
-00:00:41,300 --> 00:00:44,120
-every year. In addition, studies have shown that
-
-14
-00:00:44,120 --> 00:00:47,810
-software contains on average one to five
-
-15
-00:00:47,810 --> 00:00:51,472
-bugs every 1000 lines of code. Building 100%
-
-16
-00:00:51,472 --> 00:00:55,940
-correct mass-market software is just impossible. And if
-
-17
-00:00:55,940 --> 00:00:58,270
-this is the case, what can we do?
-
-18
-00:00:58,270 --> 00:01:03,520
-What we need to do is to verify software as much as possible. In this part of
-
-19
-00:01:03,520 --> 00:01:05,750
-the course, we will discuss how we can
-
-20
-00:01:05,750 --> 00:01:09,480
-do this. We will discuss different alternative ways
-
-21
-00:01:09,480 --> 00:01:13,980
-of very fine software systems. With particular attention
-
-22
-00:01:13,980 --> 00:01:16,570
-to the most common type of verification. Which is
-
-23
-00:01:16,570 --> 00:01:19,470
-software testing. Before doing that however, let
-
-24
-00:01:19,470 --> 00:01:21,090
-me go over some basic terms that are
-
-25
-00:01:21,090 --> 00:01:23,190
-commonly used. And I have to say,
-
-26
-00:01:23,190 --> 00:01:26,330
-often misused in the context of software verification.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/3 - Failure, Fault, and Error - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/3 - Failure, Fault, and Error - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index e6459c0..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/3 - Failure, Fault, and Error - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,390 --> 00:00:03,460
-The first term I want to define, is failure.
-
-2
-00:00:03,460 --> 00:00:09,080
-A failure is an observable incorrect behavior of the software.
-
-3
-00:00:09,080 --> 00:00:10,910
-It is conceptually related to the behavior of the
-
-4
-00:00:10,910 --> 00:00:13,910
-program, rather than its code. The second term I want
-
-5
-00:00:13,910 --> 00:00:17,600
-to introduce is fault, which is also called bug.
-
-6
-00:00:17,600 --> 00:00:20,540
-And the fault or bug, is an incorrect piece of
-
-7
-00:00:20,540 --> 00:00:22,780
-code. In other words, a fault is related to
-
-8
-00:00:22,780 --> 00:00:25,900
-the code. And is a necessary, but not sufficient condition
-
-9
-00:00:25,900 --> 00:00:28,160
-for the occurrence of a failure. The final
-
-10
-00:00:28,160 --> 00:00:30,880
-term I want to introduce is, error. Where an
-
-11
-00:00:30,880 --> 00:00:33,630
-error is the cause of a fault. It is
-
-12
-00:00:33,630 --> 00:00:36,990
-usually a human error, which can be conceptual. A
-
-13
-00:00:36,990 --> 00:00:39,620
-typo or something along those lines. And know that
-
-14
-00:00:39,620 --> 00:00:43,422
-this terminology, failure, fault and error, is the official
-
-15
-00:00:43,422 --> 00:00:46,945
-[UNKNOWN] terminology. So you cannot go wrong if you
-
-16
-00:00:46,945 --> 00:00:51,282
-use it. Now, let me illustrate the difference between
-
-17
-00:00:51,282 --> 00:00:57,153
-failure, fault and error. Using a small example. What I'm showing here is
-
-18
-00:00:57,153 --> 00:01:00,876
-a small function that, as you can see from its name, takes an
-
-19
-00:01:00,876 --> 00:01:04,920
-integer parameter i. And is supposed to double the value of i, and
-
-20
-00:01:04,920 --> 00:01:08,420
-return it. As we can clearly see, this is not what the function does.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/4 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/4 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 03f6a6a..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/4 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:02,900
-So now I have a few questions for you. And so we use, as
-
-2
-00:00:02,900 --> 00:00:07,350
-usual, our developer Janet to introduce a quiz. And the first question I want to
-
-3
-00:00:07,350 --> 00:00:11,710
-ask you is the following. A call to double passing three as a parameter returns
-
-4
-00:00:11,710 --> 00:00:16,149
-the value nine. What is this? Is that a failure, a fault, or an error?
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/5 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/5 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 1bcde7f..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/5 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,440 --> 00:00:06,614
-The fact that the call to double three returns nine instead of six is clearly
-
-2
-00:00:06,614 --> 00:00:13,000
-a failure because it is an observable incorrect behavior of the program.
-
-3
-00:00:13,000 --> 00:00:16,110
-So let me remind you that the failure is conceptually related to the
-
-4
-00:00:16,110 --> 00:00:20,076
-behavior of the program, to the way the program acts and not its code.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/6 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/6 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index f51ac9f..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/6 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,310 --> 00:00:02,690
-So now, let me ask you a second question. We just saw that we
-
-2
-00:00:02,690 --> 00:00:04,640
-can, reveal a failure in the program
-
-3
-00:00:04,640 --> 00:00:06,640
-by calling double with parameter three. Where
-
-4
-00:00:06,640 --> 00:00:09,750
-is the fault that causes such failure in the program? So I want you
-
-5
-00:00:09,750 --> 00:00:12,900
-to write the number of the line of code that, that contains the fault.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/7 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/7 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index bc55603..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/7 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,190 --> 00:00:02,404
-Before telling you what the right answer is, let
-
-2
-00:00:02,404 --> 00:00:04,240
-me remind you that the fault is related to
-
-3
-00:00:04,240 --> 00:00:06,508
-the code, and is a necessary, but not sufficient
-
-4
-00:00:06,508 --> 00:00:09,560
-condition for the occurrence of a failure. So in this
-
-5
-00:00:09,560 --> 00:00:12,450
-case, a single faulty line is responsible for the
-
-6
-00:00:12,450 --> 00:00:17,435
-failure, which is line three. So the correct answer, is
-
-7
-00:00:17,435 --> 00:00:20,700
-three. At line three, the program computes i times
-
-8
-00:00:20,700 --> 00:00:23,080
-i, instead of i times 2, as it should do.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/8 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/8 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 18515a6..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/8 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,370 --> 00:00:02,090
-So, I want to ask you one last question about
-
-2
-00:00:02,090 --> 00:00:05,480
-this problem. What is the error that cause the fault
-
-3
-00:00:05,480 --> 00:00:08,180
-at line three? Remember that an error is the
-
-4
-00:00:08,180 --> 00:00:11,010
-cause of a fault and it's usually a human error.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/9 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/9 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 56db4c1..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L1 General Concepts Subtitles/9 - Failure, Fault, and Error Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,350 --> 00:00:02,740
-And I apologize, but this was a tricky question that
-
-2
-00:00:02,740 --> 00:00:06,770
-we cannot really answer. We really have no way to
-
-3
-00:00:06,770 --> 00:00:08,860
-know what the error was. It could have been a
-
-4
-00:00:08,860 --> 00:00:13,240
-typo, an erroneous copy and paste operation, or even worse
-
-5
-00:00:13,240 --> 00:00:16,079
-a conceptual error. In case a developer did not know
-
-6
-00:00:16,079 --> 00:00:19,910
-what it means to double a number. Unfortunately though, the
-
-7
-00:00:19,910 --> 00:00:22,200
-developer is the only one who could actually answer this
-
-8
-00:00:22,200 --> 00:00:25,610
-question. So even though we cannot really answer this question,
-
-9
-00:00:25,610 --> 00:00:28,000
-having it help us think about how the
-
-10
-00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:31,000
-error is in fact related to human behavior.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 09a8f10..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,320 --> 00:00:02,620
-In the previous lesson, we discussed the fundamental
-
-2
-00:00:02,620 --> 00:00:06,380
-concepts behind software verification in general, and software testing
-
-3
-00:00:06,380 --> 00:00:09,470
-in particular. In this lesson, we will discuss
-
-4
-00:00:09,470 --> 00:00:12,310
-one of the two main testing approaches. Black box
-
-5
-00:00:12,310 --> 00:00:16,180
-testing, also called functional testing. We will cover
-
-6
-00:00:16,180 --> 00:00:19,180
-the main characteristic of black box testing, its pros
-
-7
-00:00:19,180 --> 00:00:22,260
-and cons, and discuss some commonly used black
-
-8
-00:00:22,260 --> 00:00:25,350
-box testing techniques. We will conclude the lesson with
-
-9
-00:00:25,350 --> 00:00:28,520
-a practical exercise in which we will apply a specific black
-
-10
-00:00:28,520 --> 00:00:32,520
-box testing technique to a real program. We will derive test
-
-11
-00:00:32,520 --> 00:00:34,980
-cases for the program and assess how the use of a
-
-12
-00:00:34,980 --> 00:00:38,690
-systematic approach, in contrast to a brute force approach, can help.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/10 - Test Data Selection Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/10 - Test Data Selection Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 418ed91..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/10 - Test Data Selection Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,025 --> 00:00:02,900
-Okay, so now we're going to answer the question. So if we want
-
-2
-00:00:02,900 --> 00:00:06,520
-to consider all these inputs, and run them all on the software,
-
-3
-00:00:06,520 --> 00:00:09,490
-let's see how it will work. Let's assume that these are, 32
-
-4
-00:00:09,490 --> 00:00:12,280
-bit integers. So at this point what we will have is, a
-
-5
-00:00:12,280 --> 00:00:15,130
-number of combination, which is 2 to the 32, times 2 to
-
-6
-00:00:15,130 --> 00:00:18,390
-the 32. They're two integers. This is equal to 2 to the
-
-7
-00:00:18,390 --> 00:00:21,910
-64, which in turn, is more or less equal, to 10 to
-
-8
-00:00:21,910 --> 00:00:25,110
-the 19. So 10 to the 19 is the number of tests that
-
-9
-00:00:25,110 --> 00:00:27,960
-we need to run to cover the whole domain. Now let's assume
-
-10
-00:00:27,960 --> 00:00:31,400
-that we can run one test per nanosecond. So what that means
-
-11
-00:00:31,400 --> 00:00:34,290
-is that we can run 10 to the 9 tests per second,
-
-12
-00:00:34,290 --> 00:00:37,240
-and that's a lot. If we do the math, that results in 10
-
-13
-00:00:37,240 --> 00:00:40,750
-to the 10 seconds over all, because we have 10 to the
-
-14
-00:00:40,750 --> 00:00:43,760
-19 tests, we could run 10 to the 9 tests per second
-
-15
-00:00:43,760 --> 00:00:46,630
-so, we do the math, and we can run all these tests
-
-16
-00:00:46,630 --> 00:00:50,340
-in 10 to the 10 seconds. And what that corresponds to, it's about
-
-17
-00:00:50,340 --> 00:00:54,470
-600 years, so a lot of time. So even for such
-
-18
-00:00:54,470 --> 00:00:57,710
-a simple problem, a problem that takes two integers and adds them,
-
-19
-00:00:57,710 --> 00:01:00,990
-it will take more than 500 years to test it exhaustively. So
-
-20
-00:01:00,990 --> 00:01:04,690
-the bottom line here is that we just can't do exhaustive testing.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/11 - Why Not Random Testing? - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/11 - Why Not Random Testing? - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index a91af45..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/11 - Why Not Random Testing? - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,310 --> 00:00:02,250
-So then maybe what we can do is just to
-
-2
-00:00:02,250 --> 00:00:05,720
-pick our test inputs randomly so to do what is called
-
-3
-00:00:05,720 --> 00:00:08,850
-random testing. And what that means is that we pick the
-
-4
-00:00:08,850 --> 00:00:11,720
-inputs to test just as we pick a number by rolling
-
-5
-00:00:11,720 --> 00:00:15,410
-a set of dice randomly. And this will have several advantages.
-
-6
-00:00:15,410 --> 00:00:18,780
-First, we will pick inputs uniformly. So if we use a
-
-7
-00:00:18,780 --> 00:00:21,790
-uniform distribution as the basis for our random testing, we will
-
-8
-00:00:21,790 --> 00:00:25,540
-make no preferences. In other words, all inputs will be considered
-
-9
-00:00:25,540 --> 00:00:28,324
-equal, of equal value. And what that means in turn, is
-
-10
-00:00:28,324 --> 00:00:32,640
-that random testing eliminates designer bias. So what does designer bias
-
-11
-00:00:32,640 --> 00:00:36,030
-mean? Designer bias is the problem of making the same assumption,
-
-12
-00:00:36,030 --> 00:00:38,570
-when we read the specification and we interpret it and when we
-
-13
-00:00:38,570 --> 00:00:42,100
-develop test cases. Which means that the developer might develop code,
-
-14
-00:00:42,100 --> 00:00:44,930
-assuming a given behavior of the user. And we may write
-
-15
-00:00:44,930 --> 00:00:47,520
-tests, making the same assumptions. And the problem, of course, is
-
-16
-00:00:47,520 --> 00:00:50,690
-even worse if it's the same person that develops the code and
-
-17
-00:00:50,690 --> 00:00:53,730
-writes the test cases. With random testing, the problem is gone,
-
-18
-00:00:53,730 --> 00:00:57,440
-because we just pick randomly what our inputs will be. So
-
-19
-00:00:57,440 --> 00:01:00,180
-why not do in random? The problem is that when testing,
-
-20
-00:01:00,180 --> 00:01:03,610
-we are looking for a needle in a haystack. Actually, multiple
-
-21
-00:01:03,610 --> 00:01:06,620
-needles in multiple haystacks, if we want to be precise. So,
-
-22
-00:01:06,620 --> 00:01:09,500
-random approaches are not necessarily the best way to go about
-
-23
-00:01:09,500 --> 00:01:12,430
-it, because we might just be looking in all the wrong
-
-24
-00:01:12,430 --> 00:01:15,760
-places. So let me show you this, using a different representation
-
-25
-00:01:15,760 --> 00:01:18,000
-for the haystack. What I'm showing here is a grid, and
-
-26
-00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:22,130
-imagine this grid just expanding indefinitely outside the screen, and this grid
-
-27
-00:01:22,130 --> 00:01:26,120
-represents the domain for the program, so each box in the grid,
-
-28
-00:01:26,120 --> 00:01:29,050
-each square in the grid, it's a possible input. So what happens
-
-29
-00:01:29,050 --> 00:01:32,670
-with bugs is that bugs are very scarce in this grid. Maybe
-
-30
-00:01:32,670 --> 00:01:35,070
-there is a bug here, so that means that there is a
-
-31
-00:01:35,070 --> 00:01:38,090
-bug, than an input, in this point we'll reveal. And maybe there
-
-32
-00:01:38,090 --> 00:01:40,820
-is another bug that will be triggered by an input over here.
-
-33
-00:01:40,820 --> 00:01:44,570
-So imagine this spread out over this infinite grid. Its very unlikely
-
-34
-00:01:44,570 --> 00:01:47,440
-that just by picking randomly that we will be able to get to
-
-35
-00:01:47,440 --> 00:01:50,910
-these two points. Fortunately not all is lost, there is a silver lining.
-
-36
-00:01:50,910 --> 00:01:53,410
-So we need to look a little more in depth into this grid.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/12 - Partition Testing - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/12 - Partition Testing - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index b91462c..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/12 - Partition Testing - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:02,570
-So let me use a slightly expanded version of this
-
-2
-00:00:02,570 --> 00:00:05,560
-grid. Although we're indeed looking at a needle in a haystack.
-
-3
-00:00:05,560 --> 00:00:09,560
-And failing inputs are generally sparse, very sparse, in the input
-
-4
-00:00:09,560 --> 00:00:12,890
-domain. However, they tend to be dense in some parts of
-
-5
-00:00:12,890 --> 00:00:15,860
-the domain. Like here or here. So how can we leverage
-
-6
-00:00:15,860 --> 00:00:18,920
-this? The fact that the failures are dense in some subdomains?
-
-7
-00:00:18,920 --> 00:00:22,290
-As it turns out, the domain is naturally split into partitions.
-
-8
-00:00:22,290 --> 00:00:25,340
-Where partitions are areas of the domain that are treated homogeneously
-
-9
-00:00:25,340 --> 00:00:28,070
-by the software. And this is what happens, that normally,
-
-10
-00:00:28,070 --> 00:00:31,020
-failures tend to be dense in this partitions. So the way
-
-11
-00:00:31,020 --> 00:00:34,000
-to leverage this characteristic of failures, is that we don't know
-
-12
-00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:36,950
-want to pick inputs randomly, in the input domain. Just here
-
-13
-00:00:36,950 --> 00:00:39,460
-and there. Rather we want to do two things. First we
-
-14
-00:00:39,460 --> 00:00:43,300
-want to identify partitions of our domain. And second we want
-
-15
-00:00:43,300 --> 00:00:46,950
-to select inputs from each partition. And by doing so, we
-
-16
-00:00:46,950 --> 00:00:50,300
-can dramatically increase our chances to reveal faults in the code.
-
-17
-00:00:50,300 --> 00:00:54,170
-So the name that is normally used for this process, is partition testing.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/13 - Partition Testing Example - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/13 - Partition Testing Example - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6738346..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/13 - Partition Testing Example - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:02,969
-So let's look at how this will work with an example.
-
-2
-00:00:02,969 --> 00:00:06,210
-I'm going to use this simple program that takes two inputs. The
-
-3
-00:00:06,210 --> 00:00:08,790
-first input is a string, str, and the second one is
-
-4
-00:00:08,790 --> 00:00:11,575
-an integer, size. And the problem is called split. And as
-
-5
-00:00:11,575 --> 00:00:14,363
-the name says what it does is to take this string,
-
-6
-00:00:14,363 --> 00:00:17,491
-str, and split it into sub string, into chunks of size
-
-7
-00:00:17,491 --> 00:00:21,550
-characters each. So how do we identify some possible partitions for
-
-8
-00:00:21,550 --> 00:00:25,620
-this program? If we consider the input size, we can identify
-
-9
-00:00:25,620 --> 00:00:29,630
-three neutral partitions which are size less than 0. For example,
-
-10
-00:00:29,630 --> 00:00:32,259
-we want to test how the program behaves. But if we pass an
-
-11
-00:00:32,259 --> 00:00:36,100
-incorrect size, size equal to 0, which is also a partition. In
-
-12
-00:00:36,100 --> 00:00:39,390
-this case, a partition with a single element. And the third case
-
-13
-00:00:39,390 --> 00:00:42,540
-is size greater than 0, which I will consider to be
-
-14
-00:00:42,540 --> 00:00:44,960
-kind of the standard case. And actually let me do a, you
-
-15
-00:00:44,960 --> 00:00:48,220
-know, slight aggression so when I was talking about designer bias. So
-
-16
-00:00:48,220 --> 00:00:50,630
-this is a case in which designer bias might not make you
-
-17
-00:00:50,630 --> 00:00:53,050
-think of using size less than 0 because you read the
-
-18
-00:00:53,050 --> 00:00:56,210
-spec. And you sort of assume that the size will be positive.
-
-19
-00:00:56,210 --> 00:00:58,556
-Whereas the right thing to do when we test is to consider
-
-20
-00:00:58,556 --> 00:01:01,700
-the complete domain rather than just parts of it. So now let's
-
-21
-00:01:01,700 --> 00:01:04,760
-look at string, str, and let's see what kind of sub
-
-22
-00:01:04,760 --> 00:01:06,538
-domains we could identify for this
-
-23
-00:01:06,538 --> 00:01:08,670
-parameter. And notice another important aspect
-
-24
-00:01:08,670 --> 00:01:12,290
-here is that we treat each different part of the input independently,
-
-25
-00:01:12,290 --> 00:01:15,760
-which also helps breaking down the problem. One interesting sub domain is
-
-26
-00:01:15,760 --> 00:01:18,980
-the domain that includes all the strings whose length is less than
-
-27
-00:01:18,980 --> 00:01:22,310
-size. So all the strings that will not be displayed. Another subdomain
-
-28
-00:01:22,310 --> 00:01:25,000
-is all the strings with length which is between the value of
-
-29
-00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:28,350
-size and twice the value of size. A third subdomain is the one
-
-30
-00:01:28,350 --> 00:01:31,820
-including all the strings whose length is greater than twice the value
-
-31
-00:01:31,820 --> 00:01:35,140
-of size. And we can continue and identify more and more subdomain.
-
-32
-00:01:35,140 --> 00:01:38,350
-The key thing here is that we have to do that based
-
-33
-00:01:38,350 --> 00:01:41,180
-on the domain. So we need to adapt what we just did here
-
-34
-00:01:41,180 --> 00:01:44,620
-based on, on the specific domain involved and on the type
-
-35
-00:01:44,620 --> 00:01:47,190
-of data in this domain. So at this point we said that
-
-36
-00:01:47,190 --> 00:01:49,630
-there were two steps. One was to identify the subdomains and
-
-37
-00:01:49,630 --> 00:01:52,990
-the second one was to pick values in this subdomain. The values
-
-38
-00:01:52,990 --> 00:01:55,320
-that we'll actually use for the testing. In this case, we
-
-39
-00:01:55,320 --> 00:01:58,218
-do not want to just pick any value. Rather we want to
-
-40
-00:01:58,218 --> 00:01:59,871
-pick values that are particularly
-
-41
-00:01:59,871 --> 00:02:02,710
-interesting, particularly representative. So what does
-
-42
-00:02:02,710 --> 00:02:05,800
-that mean? Well, we're going to do that based on an intuitive idea.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/14 - Boundary Values - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/14 - Boundary Values - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d54ad4..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/14 - Boundary Values - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:02,590
-So let's go back again to our domain, with
-
-2
-00:00:02,590 --> 00:00:06,580
-all the sub-domains identified. And the basic idea, or the
-
-3
-00:00:06,580 --> 00:00:09,750
-intuitive idea I was talking about, is that errors tend
-
-4
-00:00:09,750 --> 00:00:12,425
-to occur at the boundary of a domain, or a
-
-5
-00:00:12,425 --> 00:00:15,510
-sub-domain. Like in this case. And why? Because these
-
-6
-00:00:15,510 --> 00:00:19,360
-are the cases that are less understood by the developers.
-
-7
-00:00:19,360 --> 00:00:22,155
-Like for example, the last iteration of a loop, or
-
-8
-00:00:22,155 --> 00:00:25,150
-a special value like zero for integers. So if this
-
-9
-00:00:25,150 --> 00:00:29,590
-is true, what we want to do is to select inputs at these
-
-10
-00:00:29,590 --> 00:00:32,189
-boundaries. And this is complementary to partition
-
-11
-00:00:32,189 --> 00:00:34,270
-testing, in the sense that partition testing
-
-12
-00:00:34,270 --> 00:00:38,160
-will identify the partitions in which we want to select inputs, and boundary
-
-13
-00:00:38,160 --> 00:00:40,570
-testing. So the selection of boundary values
-
-14
-00:00:40,570 --> 00:00:43,060
-will help select inputs in these partitions.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/15 - Boundary Values Example - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/15 - Boundary Values Example - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index b344802..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/15 - Boundary Values Example - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:03,320
-So now let's go back to our split example. Let me
-
-2
-00:00:03,320 --> 00:00:05,790
-rearrange things a little bit to make more room. So now I'm
-
-3
-00:00:05,790 --> 00:00:09,160
-going to put the domains for size and for strength one next to
-
-4
-00:00:09,160 --> 00:00:12,210
-the other. So let's look at what some possible inputs will be
-
-5
-00:00:12,210 --> 00:00:15,140
-for the sub domains that we identified when we use the idea
-
-6
-00:00:15,140 --> 00:00:17,790
-of selecting input of the boundary. If we look at the first
-
-7
-00:00:17,790 --> 00:00:21,860
-subdomain, size less than zero, one reasonable input is, size equals to
-
-8
-00:00:21,860 --> 00:00:25,360
-minus 1, because minus 1 is the boundary value for the domain
-
-9
-00:00:25,360 --> 00:00:28,530
-of the integers less than zero. If we look at the third
-
-10
-00:00:28,530 --> 00:00:32,119
-subdomain, possibly interesting case is the one of size of equal to
-
-11
-00:00:32,119 --> 00:00:34,900
-1, for the same reasoning that we used for the previous subdomain,
-
-12
-00:00:34,900 --> 00:00:37,670
-for size less than zero. And, let's try to select another one
-
-13
-00:00:37,670 --> 00:00:40,870
-for this subdomain, for the integers greater than zero. If there is
-
-14
-00:00:40,870 --> 00:00:44,200
-a concept of maximal integer, we can select that one as our
-
-15
-00:00:44,200 --> 00:00:47,140
-boundary value. And of course we could select much more, but this
-
-16
-00:00:47,140 --> 00:00:50,630
-is just to give you an idea. Other possible inputs. One interesting
-
-17
-00:00:50,630 --> 00:00:53,310
-example for the first one, string with length less than
-
-18
-00:00:53,310 --> 00:00:57,690
-size will be a string with length size minus one. Again
-
-19
-00:00:57,690 --> 00:01:00,240
-this is the boundary value for this domain. And we could
-
-20
-00:01:00,240 --> 00:01:03,500
-continue in this way like for example selecting a string who's
-
-21
-00:01:03,500 --> 00:01:07,310
-length is exactly size as a boundary value for this
-
-22
-00:01:07,310 --> 00:01:10,490
-other domain. Instant one, and we look back actually to this
-
-23
-00:01:10,490 --> 00:01:12,940
-example and look at it in a more extensive way when
-
-24
-00:01:12,940 --> 00:01:15,690
-we actually talk about a specific method for doing this kind
-
-25
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-of process.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/16 - Deriving Test Case Specifications - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/16 - Deriving Test Case Specifications - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 5164f1a..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/16 - Deriving Test Case Specifications - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,199 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,790
-Now, let's go back to our systematic functional testing
-
-2
-00:00:02,790 --> 00:00:05,540
-approach and all the steps in this process. So
-
-3
-00:00:05,540 --> 00:00:07,680
-far we've seen the first step and the second
-
-4
-00:00:07,680 --> 00:00:10,340
-step. Now we're going to look at this step in which,
-
-5
-00:00:10,340 --> 00:00:13,290
-once we have identified the values of interest, we
-
-6
-00:00:13,290 --> 00:00:18,110
-derive test case specifications for these values, or using these
-
-7
-00:00:18,110 --> 00:00:21,300
-values. And the test case specification defines how the
-
-8
-00:00:21,300 --> 00:00:25,230
-values should be put together when actually testing the system.
-
-9
-00:00:25,230 --> 00:00:29,110
-And test case specification describe how these values should be put
-
-10
-00:00:29,110 --> 00:00:32,360
-together when testing the system. So let me go back one more
-
-11
-00:00:32,360 --> 00:00:34,780
-time to our split program, so that we can use the
-
-12
-00:00:34,780 --> 00:00:37,450
-information that we already computed. At this point what we have is
-
-13
-00:00:37,450 --> 00:00:41,670
-some possible inputs for "string," our first parameter, and for "size,"
-
-14
-00:00:41,670 --> 00:00:44,410
-our second parameter. And we want to put them together, to generate
-
-15
-00:00:44,410 --> 00:00:47,080
-the description of what the test case should be. So let
-
-16
-00:00:47,080 --> 00:00:50,420
-me once more rearrange this a little bit. I first remove the
-
-17
-00:00:50,420 --> 00:00:53,360
-description of the subdomains, because we won't use them in this step.
-
-18
-00:00:53,360 --> 00:00:55,800
-And I moved out the set of all our possible inputs, that we're
-
-19
-00:00:55,800 --> 00:00:59,470
-going to combine to create the test case specification. And one possible way
-
-20
-00:00:59,470 --> 00:01:03,320
-of doing that is simply to combine the values for the first parameter,
-
-21
-00:01:03,320 --> 00:01:06,370
-and the values for the second parameter. So the Cartesian product. So
-
-22
-00:01:06,370 --> 00:01:09,060
-if we do that, what we will obtain is, for example, if we
-
-23
-00:01:09,060 --> 00:01:12,470
-consider the first possible input, size is equal to minus 1, we can
-
-24
-00:01:12,470 --> 00:01:15,510
-combine it with these two possible inputs for string, and we will get
-
-25
-00:01:15,510 --> 00:01:18,680
-size is equal to minus 1 string with length minus 2, or
-
-26
-00:01:18,680 --> 00:01:21,680
-size is equal to minus 1 string with length minus 1. And we'll
-
-27
-00:01:21,680 --> 00:01:24,200
-go back in a second to see what this means. Now if we
-
-28
-00:01:24,200 --> 00:01:27,510
-consider the second possible value for size, size is equal to one, we
-
-29
-00:01:27,510 --> 00:01:30,260
-also have two cases so the first one in this case that will
-
-30
-00:01:30,260 --> 00:01:34,030
-be considered a string with length zero. So the antistring. And we can
-
-31
-00:01:34,030 --> 00:01:37,410
-continue combining this value, but one thing I want to point out is
-
-32
-00:01:37,410 --> 00:01:40,570
-that if we just go in this straight forward and brute force sort
-
-33
-00:01:40,570 --> 00:01:43,390
-of way, we will obtain many combinations that don't make any sense,
-
-34
-00:01:43,390 --> 00:01:46,500
-like for example, this combination which doesn't make any sense because we can
-
-35
-00:01:46,500 --> 00:01:50,410
-not create the string with length minus 2. Similar for this combination, because
-
-36
-00:01:50,410 --> 00:01:53,190
-then by the same token, we cannot raise things with length minus 1.
-
-37
-00:01:53,190 --> 00:01:55,730
-And so there's a lot of cases that we will have to eliminate
-
-38
-00:01:55,730 --> 00:01:59,380
-afterwards. So what we're going to see in a few minutes is a possible
-
-39
-00:01:59,380 --> 00:02:02,970
-way in which we can avoid producing these meaningless cases. And at the
-
-40
-00:02:02,970 --> 00:02:06,380
-same time, keep under control, the number of test cases that we generate.
-
-41
-00:02:06,380 --> 00:02:09,070
-So lets go back for the last time to our steps
-
-42
-00:02:09,070 --> 00:02:11,980
-for systematic functional testing. What we just did was to derive
-
-43
-00:02:11,980 --> 00:02:15,040
-test case specification from a set of relevant inputs. The following
-
-44
-00:02:15,040 --> 00:02:18,420
-step is to use these test case specifications to generate actual test
-
-45
-00:02:18,420 --> 00:02:21,170
-cases. And this is normally a fairly mechanical step in the
-
-46
-00:02:21,170 --> 00:02:23,900
-sense that we just have to instantiate what is in the test
-
-47
-00:02:23,900 --> 00:02:27,970
-case specification as actual test cases. And it's really dependent on
-
-48
-00:02:27,970 --> 00:02:32,300
-the specific type of partitions and values identified on the specific context.
-
-49
-00:02:32,300 --> 00:02:35,100
-So instead of looking at that here in the, in the abstract,
-
-50
-00:02:35,100 --> 00:02:37,480
-I'm going to show you with an example later on, in the lesson.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/17 - Category Partition Method - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/17 - Category Partition Method - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 938e80c..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/17 - Category Partition Method - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:03,690
-What we will discuss next is a specific black-box testing
-
-2
-00:00:03,690 --> 00:00:07,240
-approach. So a specific instance of the general approach that
-
-3
-00:00:07,240 --> 00:00:10,814
-we just saw. And this approach is the category-partition method,
-
-4
-00:00:10,814 --> 00:00:13,418
-and was defined by Ostrand &amp; Balcer in 1988 in
-
-5
-00:00:13,418 --> 00:00:16,760
-an article to the peer [UNKNOWN] communication of the ACM.
-
-6
-00:00:16,760 --> 00:00:19,490
-So this is a method for going from a specification,
-
-7
-00:00:19,490 --> 00:00:21,370
-a description of the system, to a set of test
-
-8
-00:00:21,370 --> 00:00:26,170
-cases like any other black-box testing approach by following six steps.
-
-9
-00:00:26,170 --> 00:00:28,370
-So let's look at what these steps are. The first
-
-10
-00:00:28,370 --> 00:00:31,850
-step is to identify independently testable features and this is
-
-11
-00:00:31,850 --> 00:00:33,870
-a step that we are familiar with because its exactly
-
-12
-00:00:33,870 --> 00:00:36,950
-the same step that we performed in the generic black box
-
-13
-00:00:36,950 --> 00:00:39,480
-testing approach that we just discussed. The second step is
-
-14
-00:00:39,480 --> 00:00:42,250
-to identify categories. Then the next step is to partition
-
-15
-00:00:42,250 --> 00:00:45,070
-categories into choices. Identify constraints
-
-16
-00:00:45,070 --> 00:00:47,530
-among choices. Produce and evaluate
-
-17
-00:00:47,530 --> 00:00:51,330
-test case specifications. And finally, the sixth step is to generate
-
-18
-00:00:51,330 --> 00:00:54,100
-test cases from test case specifications. So two of
-
-19
-00:00:54,100 --> 00:00:56,970
-the key elements in these six steps are the two
-
-20
-00:00:56,970 --> 00:00:59,430
-that give the name to the technique so the identification
-
-21
-00:00:59,430 --> 00:01:02,240
-of the categories and the partition of these categories into
-
-22
-00:01:02,240 --> 00:01:04,810
-choices. What we're going to do next is to go
-
-23
-00:01:04,810 --> 00:01:07,670
-and look at each one of the steps independently, except
-
-24
-00:01:07,670 --> 00:01:10,285
-for the first one. Because we're already familiar with that
-
-25
-00:01:10,285 --> 00:01:12,650
-step, and this method doesn't really add much to it.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/18 - Identify Categories - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/18 - Identify Categories - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index a1eb4dd..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/18 - Identify Categories - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,980
-In the second step of the category partition technique, the goal is
-
-2
-00:00:02,980 --> 00:00:05,630
-to Identify Categories. Where categories are
-
-3
-00:00:05,630 --> 00:00:08,650
-characteristics of each input element. So
-
-4
-00:00:08,650 --> 00:00:11,490
-let me illustrate what that means using an example. And to do
-
-5
-00:00:11,490 --> 00:00:14,440
-that I'm going to use again the example of the split program, as
-
-6
-00:00:14,440 --> 00:00:16,830
-we are already familiar with it and we kind of already played
-
-7
-00:00:16,830 --> 00:00:20,110
-with it. When we were talking about the generic black box approach.
-
-8
-00:00:20,110 --> 00:00:22,293
-So let me bring back the program, and let me remind you
-
-9
-00:00:22,293 --> 00:00:25,440
-that what the program does is to take two inputs, a string and
-
-10
-00:00:25,440 --> 00:00:28,560
-the size, and it breaks down the string into chunks,
-
-11
-00:00:28,560 --> 00:00:31,300
-whose length is size. If we look at the split program
-
-12
-00:00:31,300 --> 00:00:34,330
-there are two input elements, str and size so we going to
-
-13
-00:00:34,330 --> 00:00:37,930
-identify categories for these two. So starting from str, what are
-
-14
-00:00:37,930 --> 00:00:41,228
-the interesting characteristics of the string? In, in this step
-
-15
-00:00:41,228 --> 00:00:44,948
-you're going to use your domain knowledge, your understanding of what a
-
-16
-00:00:44,948 --> 00:00:47,986
-string is, and for example we might identify the length of
-
-17
-00:00:47,986 --> 00:00:50,528
-the string and the content of the string as the two
-
-18
-00:00:50,528 --> 00:00:53,840
-main characteristics that we want to focus on. If we now
-
-19
-00:00:53,840 --> 00:00:57,540
-move our focus to size, the only characteristic I can really
-
-20
-00:00:57,540 --> 00:01:00,340
-think of for an integer is its value. So that's what
-
-21
-00:01:00,340 --> 00:01:02,470
-I'm going to mark here. So at the end of the step
-
-22
-00:01:02,470 --> 00:01:05,030
-what we have is that we have two categories. So two
-
-23
-00:01:05,030 --> 00:01:08,930
-interesting characteristics for the string input str, which are the length
-
-24
-00:01:08,930 --> 00:01:12,940
-and the content. And one category for the integer input size
-
-25
-00:01:12,940 --> 00:01:16,480
-which is its value. And notice that there's not only one solution.
-
-26
-00:01:16,480 --> 00:01:18,200
-So there's not only one possibility.
-
-27
-00:01:18,200 --> 00:01:20,384
-So that the specific characteristics that you
-
-28
-00:01:20,384 --> 00:01:22,800
-will identify are somehow subjective. But the
-
-29
-00:01:22,800 --> 00:01:25,630
-important point is that you identify characteristics
-
-30
-00:01:25,630 --> 00:01:29,259
-that are meaningful and they sort of cover the main aspects of the
-
-31
-00:01:29,259 --> 00:01:31,200
-inputs, which is the case for the
-
-32
-00:01:31,200 --> 00:01:33,440
-categories that we've identified in this example.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/19 - Partition Categories into Choices - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/19 - Partition Categories into Choices - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index a411c30..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/19 - Partition Categories into Choices - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,151 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,230 --> 00:00:03,250
-Now we move to the next step, which involves partitioning the
-
-2
-00:00:03,250 --> 00:00:07,680
-categories that we just identified into choices. And these choices are the
-
-3
-00:00:07,680 --> 00:00:11,930
-interesting cases for each category. So the interesting subdomains for each one
-
-4
-00:00:11,930 --> 00:00:14,810
-of these categories. So once more, lets look at that using our
-
-5
-00:00:14,810 --> 00:00:18,110
-example, the split program. So lets start by considering length. What are
-
-6
-00:00:18,110 --> 00:00:20,710
-the interesting cases when we think about the length of a string?
-
-7
-00:00:20,710 --> 00:00:23,220
-Some of those we already saw, one interesting case is the case
-
-8
-00:00:23,220 --> 00:00:26,190
-of the length of size zero, so a string with no characters.
-
-9
-00:00:26,190 --> 00:00:29,030
-Another interesting case is the one in which the length of the
-
-10
-00:00:29,030 --> 00:00:31,780
-string is size minus one, so the string is just one character
-
-11
-00:00:31,780 --> 00:00:34,610
-short of the size at which it will be cut by the
-
-12
-00:00:34,610 --> 00:00:38,160
-split program. And we can continue along these lines, so we will select
-
-13
-00:00:38,160 --> 00:00:42,950
-size, size plus one, size twice the value of size minus one,
-
-14
-00:00:42,950 --> 00:00:45,560
-and so on and so forth. But even without listing all of
-
-15
-00:00:45,560 --> 00:00:47,500
-those, I'm sure you get the idea of what it means to
-
-16
-00:00:47,500 --> 00:00:49,780
-identify this interesting cases. Let's see
-
-17
-00:00:49,780 --> 00:00:51,702
-the movements that are considering the content.
-
-18
-00:00:51,702 --> 00:00:53,990
-So without the interesting cases when we think about the content
-
-19
-00:00:53,990 --> 00:00:56,520
-of the string. So possible interesting case is the string that
-
-20
-00:00:56,520 --> 00:01:00,660
-contains only spaces. Why? Well maybe because a split is written
-
-21
-00:01:00,660 --> 00:01:04,290
-spaces in a special way. Similarly a string that contains special
-
-22
-00:01:04,290 --> 00:01:06,780
-characters, like non printable characters,
-
-23
-00:01:06,780 --> 00:01:09,020
-like tabulation characters, new line might
-
-24
-00:01:09,020 --> 00:01:12,240
-also be an interesting case, something that we want to test. Also
-
-25
-00:01:12,240 --> 00:01:14,280
-in this case we could continue and go on and on.
-
-26
-00:01:14,280 --> 00:01:17,250
-So basically here you just want to put all the interesting cases
-
-27
-00:01:17,250 --> 00:01:20,010
-that you can think of when you consider the content
-
-28
-00:01:20,010 --> 00:01:22,440
-of a string. Now let's move to the value as the
-
-29
-00:01:22,440 --> 00:01:25,740
-next category. So the value of the input size. And
-
-30
-00:01:25,740 --> 00:01:29,280
-here we might want to consider a size zero, special case, a
-
-31
-00:01:29,280 --> 00:01:33,640
-normal situation, like size greater than zero, another special case,
-
-32
-00:01:33,640 --> 00:01:36,420
-size less than zero or maxint. And these are, if you
-
-33
-00:01:36,420 --> 00:01:39,420
-remember, I accepted the cases that we consider when we look
-
-34
-00:01:39,420 --> 00:01:42,350
-at this example, before. And also here we can continue and
-
-35
-00:01:42,350 --> 00:01:43,970
-go on and on. So, at the end of the
-
-36
-00:01:43,970 --> 00:01:46,860
-step, what we have is a set of interesting cases
-
-37
-00:01:46,860 --> 00:01:49,220
-for each one of the categories, and now we can
-
-38
-00:01:49,220 --> 00:01:51,150
-start to think about how we want to combine them.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/2 - Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/2 - Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 2af56c5..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/2 - Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,450 --> 00:00:03,400
-As we said at the end of the previous lesson, black-box testing is
-
-2
-00:00:03,400 --> 00:00:06,230
-the testing of the software when we look at it as a black box,
-
-3
-00:00:06,230 --> 00:00:09,110
-as a closed box, without looking at it inside, without looking at the
-
-4
-00:00:09,110 --> 00:00:10,750
-code. And there are several advantages in
-
-5
-00:00:10,750 --> 00:00:12,680
-using black-box testing. So let me recap
-
-6
-00:00:12,680 --> 00:00:15,590
-those advantages, some of which we already mentioned, and let me also expand
-
-7
-00:00:15,590 --> 00:00:18,220
-on that a little bit. The first advantage of when I mentioned is that
-
-8
-00:00:18,220 --> 00:00:22,760
-black box focuses on the domain, on the input domain of the software. And
-
-9
-00:00:22,760 --> 00:00:25,750
-as such, we can use it to make sure that we are actually covering
-
-10
-00:00:25,750 --> 00:00:28,400
-this domain, that we are actually covering the important behaviors of
-
-11
-00:00:28,400 --> 00:00:32,200
-the software. A second advantage is that black box testing does not
-
-12
-00:00:32,200 --> 00:00:35,402
-need the code. What that means is that you can perform early
-
-13
-00:00:35,402 --> 00:00:38,801
-test design. So you can start designing and writing your test cases,
-
-14
-00:00:38,801 --> 00:00:41,423
-even before writing your code, so that when the code is
-
-15
-00:00:41,423 --> 00:00:44,520
-ready, we can test it right away. And that helps prevent a
-
-16
-00:00:44,520 --> 00:00:48,054
-problem that is very typical in real life software development, which is
-
-17
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-getting an idea of the project and having no time to create
-
-18
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-the tests. In this way, we already have the tests, so
-
-19
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-we just have to run them. Another advantage is that black-box testing
-
-20
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-can catch logic defects, because it focuses on the description of what
-
-21
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-the software should do, and therefore on its logic. If we derive
-
-22
-00:01:02,440 --> 00:01:05,250
-test cases from such description, then we can catch these kind of
-
-23
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-problems. And finally, black-box testing is
-
-24
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-applicable at all granularity levels, which
-
-25
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-means that we can use black-box testing in unit testing, integration testing,
-
-26
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-system testing, and so on. We can use it at all levels.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/20 - Identify Constraints Among Choices - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/20 - Identify Constraints Among Choices - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 0278cc8..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/20 - Identify Constraints Among Choices - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,239 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:02,080
-Something that we saw when we were looking at the split
-
-2
-00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:05,760
-program before is that if we just combine the interesting values that
-
-3
-00:00:05,760 --> 00:00:08,490
-we identify, we might end up with a lot of cases.
-
-4
-00:00:08,490 --> 00:00:11,030
-And I mentioned that we, we're going to look at some way of
-
-5
-00:00:11,030 --> 00:00:13,720
-addressing that problem. And this is exactly what happens in the
-
-6
-00:00:13,720 --> 00:00:17,420
-next step of the category partition method, in which we identify constraints
-
-7
-00:00:17,420 --> 00:00:20,510
-among choices. And why do we identify these constraints? We do
-
-8
-00:00:20,510 --> 00:00:23,440
-that to eliminate meaningless combinations of
-
-9
-00:00:23,440 --> 00:00:25,460
-inputs. If you remember, for example,
-
-10
-00:00:25,460 --> 00:00:27,260
-we had the case in which we were trying to
-
-11
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-create a string with a size less than 0, which
-
-12
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-doesn't make any sense. And very importantly, we also do
-
-13
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-that to reduce the number of test cases. Because every time
-
-14
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-we constrain one of the possible choices, we eliminate possible
-
-15
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-test cases, so we can use it to keep under
-
-16
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-control the number of tests that we generate. There are
-
-17
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-three types of properties. The
-
-18
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-pair property...if, error properties, and properties
-
-19
-00:00:50,610 --> 00:00:52,610
-of type single. So we're going to look at what these
-
-20
-00:00:52,610 --> 00:00:56,230
-properties mean, using, once more, our example of the split program.
-
-21
-00:00:56,230 --> 00:00:58,750
-In particular, we're going to use some of the choices that we
-
-22
-00:00:58,750 --> 00:01:02,080
-identified earlier. So let's look, for example, at choice 0, for
-
-23
-00:01:02,080 --> 00:01:04,599
-category length of the string. All we can say is that,
-
-24
-00:01:04,599 --> 00:01:07,860
-if the length is 0, this define a special property of
-
-25
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-the string. And that was specified in this way by saying
-
-26
-00:01:11,160 --> 00:01:15,610
-that this identifies property zerovalue. So every time that we use
-
-27
-00:01:15,610 --> 00:01:19,080
-this choice, zerovalue is defined. At this point, we can use
-
-28
-00:01:19,080 --> 00:01:20,550
-this to exclude some meaningless
-
-29
-00:01:20,550 --> 00:01:23,170
-combinations. For instance, consider special characters.
-
-30
-00:01:23,170 --> 00:01:25,130
-If we have a string of length 0, which means a
-
-31
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-string with no characters. Obviously, there
-
-32
-00:01:26,850 --> 00:01:28,760
-cannot be special characters. So, considering
-
-33
-00:01:28,760 --> 00:01:31,020
-this combination will just be a waste of time. So what
-
-34
-00:01:31,020 --> 00:01:33,770
-we do is that we specify next to this choice, that we
-
-35
-00:01:33,770 --> 00:01:36,360
-will only consider this if length is not 0. And we
-
-36
-00:01:36,360 --> 00:01:41,110
-do this by saying that we consider this only if not zerovalue.
-
-37
-00:01:41,110 --> 00:01:43,970
-So, if zerovalue is not defined. So this pair is an
-
-38
-00:01:43,970 --> 00:01:47,640
-example of a property...if case. Define a property and use that
-
-39
-00:01:47,640 --> 00:01:49,770
-property. Now let's look at a case in which we might
-
-40
-00:01:49,770 --> 00:01:52,580
-want to use an error property. For instance, when we look at
-
-41
-00:01:52,580 --> 00:01:56,480
-the category value for the input size, the choice value less
-
-42
-00:01:56,480 --> 00:01:59,510
-than 0 is an erroneous choice. So it's a choice that
-
-43
-00:01:59,510 --> 00:02:02,630
-we selected to test a possibly erroneous situation, so we can
-
-44
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-mark this as an error property. And what that means is that
-
-45
-00:02:06,160 --> 00:02:09,949
-when generating a combination of choices, we will consider this only
-
-46
-00:02:09,949 --> 00:02:12,990
-once because we assume that we just want to test this error condition
-
-47
-00:02:12,990 --> 00:02:16,260
-once. Finally, the single property is a property that we use
-
-48
-00:02:16,260 --> 00:02:19,050
-when we want to limit the number of test cases. And it's
-
-49
-00:02:19,050 --> 00:02:21,900
-similar as an effect to error. It just has a different
-
-50
-00:02:21,900 --> 00:02:24,410
-meaning. So what we do when we use the single property is
-
-51
-00:02:24,410 --> 00:02:27,420
-that we're saying that this choice, we want to use in only
-
-52
-00:02:27,420 --> 00:02:31,120
-one combination. So don't combine it multiple times. And that, of course,
-
-53
-00:02:31,120 --> 00:02:34,260
-given the combinatorial nature of the problem, cuts down dramatically
-
-54
-00:02:34,260 --> 00:02:36,370
-the number of test cases. And we might use, for
-
-55
-00:02:36,370 --> 00:02:39,500
-instance, the single property for maxint, which means that we
-
-56
-00:02:39,500 --> 00:02:41,890
-will only have one test case in which the size is
-
-57
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-equal to maxint. We're actually going to see a demo
-
-58
-00:02:44,300 --> 00:02:46,880
-on this topic so we'll have more chances of seeing how
-
-59
-00:02:46,880 --> 00:02:49,370
-properties work in practice and how good they are at
-
-60
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-eliminating meaningless combinations and at reducing the number of test cases.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/21 - Produce and Evaluate Test Case Specifications - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/21 - Produce and Evaluate Test Case Specifications - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index ebf8098..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/21 - Produce and Evaluate Test Case Specifications - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,130 --> 00:00:03,200
-Before getting to our demo, we still have two steps to consider.
-
-2
-00:00:03,200 --> 00:00:06,570
-The first step corresponds to the identification of the test case specifications
-
-3
-00:00:06,570 --> 00:00:09,890
-in our general systematic approach. And in fact, it's called produce and
-
-4
-00:00:09,890 --> 00:00:13,410
-evaluate test case specifications. This is a step than can be completely
-
-5
-00:00:13,410 --> 00:00:16,590
-automated given the results of the previous steps. And the final result
-
-6
-00:00:16,590 --> 00:00:19,860
-of this step is the production of a set of test frames.
-
-7
-00:00:19,860 --> 00:00:22,820
-Where a test frame is the specification of a test. Let me
-
-8
-00:00:22,820 --> 00:00:25,330
-show you an example of this. What we are looking at here
-
-9
-00:00:25,330 --> 00:00:28,380
-is a test frame for the program split. Test frames are normally
-
-10
-00:00:28,380 --> 00:00:31,460
-identified by a sequence number. But in this case we are looking at
-
-11
-00:00:31,460 --> 00:00:34,290
-the 30th six test frame. And what they do is simply to
-
-12
-00:00:34,290 --> 00:00:38,280
-specify the characteristic of the inputs for that test. In this case, since
-
-13
-00:00:38,280 --> 00:00:40,920
-we have two inputs, we have two entries, the first one for
-
-14
-00:00:40,920 --> 00:00:44,010
-string str tells us that the length of the string has to be
-
-15
-00:00:44,010 --> 00:00:47,840
-size minus 1, and that the string has to contain special characters. And
-
-16
-00:00:47,840 --> 00:00:50,380
-for size, it tells us that the value of size has to be
-
-17
-00:00:50,380 --> 00:00:53,340
-greater than zero. As the title says, this step is meant
-
-18
-00:00:53,340 --> 00:00:56,790
-to produce but also evaluate the case specification. What does it mean
-
-19
-00:00:56,790 --> 00:01:00,070
-to evaluate? One of the advantages of this approach is that we
-
-20
-00:01:00,070 --> 00:01:03,420
-can easily use it to assess how many test frames and therefore
-
-21
-00:01:03,420 --> 00:01:06,120
-how many test cases we will generate with the current least
-
-22
-00:01:06,120 --> 00:01:09,340
-of categories, choices and constraints. And the beauty of this is that
-
-23
-00:01:09,340 --> 00:01:12,320
-if the number is too large we can just add additional constraints
-
-24
-00:01:12,320 --> 00:01:15,840
-and reduce it. And given then the step is automated we just
-
-25
-00:01:15,840 --> 00:01:19,030
-add constraints push a button and we get our new set of
-
-26
-00:01:19,030 --> 00:01:21,580
-test frames. And again we can have a wait it either go
-
-27
-00:01:21,580 --> 00:01:24,560
-hat or add more constraints if we need to further reduce it
-
-28
-00:01:24,560 --> 00:01:26,320
-and this is something else that we will see in our demo.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/22 - Generate Test Cases from Test Case Specifications - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/22 - Generate Test Cases from Test Case Specifications - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d74ae3..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/22 - Generate Test Cases from Test Case Specifications - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,135 --> 00:00:01,935
-So we get to the last step of the technique in
-
-2
-00:00:01,935 --> 00:00:05,142
-which once we have generated test case specifications. We create test
-
-3
-00:00:05,142 --> 00:00:09,180
-cases starting from this specifications. This step mainly consists in a
-
-4
-00:00:09,180 --> 00:00:12,840
-simple instantiation of frames and it's final result is a set of
-
-5
-00:00:12,840 --> 00:00:16,840
-concrete tests. For our example, test frame number 36 that we
-
-6
-00:00:16,840 --> 00:00:19,270
-just saw, this will be the resulting test case, which has
-
-7
-00:00:19,270 --> 00:00:21,490
-the same ID, so that we can track it and will
-
-8
-00:00:21,490 --> 00:00:25,520
-specify to concrete values, not just the specification for the input elements.
-
-9
-00:00:25,520 --> 00:00:29,130
-So string STR will have this value. And the integer size
-
-10
-00:00:29,130 --> 00:00:31,720
-will have this value. And these two values satisfy what this
-
-11
-00:00:31,720 --> 00:00:35,260
-test case specification was. Which was, having a string contain special
-
-12
-00:00:35,260 --> 00:00:38,760
-characters. Here, we have two special characters, like the new line
-
-13
-00:00:38,760 --> 00:00:41,900
-and the tab. And, we have a size which is greater
-
-14
-00:00:41,900 --> 00:00:44,430
-than zero, in particular, okay? And this is a test case
-
-15
-00:00:44,430 --> 00:00:46,880
-that we can actually run on our code. That we can
-
-16
-00:00:46,880 --> 00:00:50,730
-run on the split program. So, to summarize, we perform six steps
-
-17
-00:00:50,730 --> 00:00:54,400
-in which we went from a high level description of what the program does, to a
-
-18
-00:00:54,400 --> 00:00:56,070
-set of concrete test cases. And this is
-
-19
-00:00:56,070 --> 00:00:57,880
-one of those test cases. So what, what we're
-
-20
-00:00:57,880 --> 00:01:00,210
-going to do next, we're going to do a mini-demo,
-
-21
-00:01:00,210 --> 00:01:02,260
-in which we do this for real. We take
-
-22
-00:01:02,260 --> 00:01:05,440
-the program, we identify categories, choices, constraints, and
-
-23
-00:01:05,440 --> 00:01:07,800
-we actually generate test frames and then test cases.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/23 - Category Partition Demo - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/23 - Category Partition Demo - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 51c2e52..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/23 - Category Partition Demo - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,867 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:01,290 --> 00:00:03,210
-In this demo, we're going to do exactly what we
-
-2
-00:00:03,210 --> 00:00:06,370
-did just now in the lesson. We're going to use
-
-3
-00:00:06,370 --> 00:00:09,250
-the category partition method to go from a high-level
-
-4
-00:00:09,250 --> 00:00:12,930
-description of a piece of software of a program to
-
-5
-00:00:12,930 --> 00:00:15,512
-a set of test cases for that program. To
-
-6
-00:00:15,512 --> 00:00:17,640
-do that, we're going to use a simple tool. So
-
-7
-00:00:17,640 --> 00:00:21,040
-I'm going to show you here the tool that is
-
-8
-00:00:21,040 --> 00:00:26,380
-called a tsl generator right here. This tool is available
-
-9
-00:00:26,380 --> 00:00:28,520
-to you, so you can look in the class notes to
-
-10
-00:00:28,520 --> 00:00:31,900
-see information on how to download it. And together with the tool,
-
-11
-00:00:31,900 --> 00:00:34,890
-we are also going to provide a manual for the tool, and
-
-12
-00:00:34,890 --> 00:00:37,680
-a set of files that I'm going to use in this demo. So
-
-13
-00:00:37,680 --> 00:00:40,420
-you should be able to do exactly what I'm doing. So
-
-14
-00:00:40,420 --> 00:00:45,110
-again, all of those are available from the class notes. So specifically,
-
-15
-00:00:45,110 --> 00:00:48,390
-today we're going to write test cases for the grep program. So in
-
-16
-00:00:48,390 --> 00:00:51,970
-case you're familiar with the grep utility, this is a simplified version
-
-17
-00:00:51,970 --> 00:00:55,060
-of that utility. So basically the grep utility allows you
-
-18
-00:00:55,060 --> 00:00:58,410
-to search a file for the occurrences of a given
-
-19
-00:00:58,410 --> 00:01:01,552
-pattern. So you can invoke it, as it's shown here
-
-20
-00:01:01,552 --> 00:01:05,570
-in the synopsis, by executing grep, the pattern that you're
-
-21
-00:01:05,570 --> 00:01:08,310
-looking for, and the filename in which you want to
-
-22
-00:01:08,310 --> 00:01:10,300
-look for the pattern. And let me read the description
-
-23
-00:01:10,300 --> 00:01:13,650
-of the grep utility. The grep utility searches files for
-
-24
-00:01:13,650 --> 00:01:17,110
-a pattern and brings all lines that contain that pattern
-
-25
-00:01:17,110 --> 00:01:20,900
-on the standard output. A line that contains multiple occurrences of
-
-26
-00:01:20,900 --> 00:01:24,350
-the pattern is printed only once. The pattern is any sequence
-
-27
-00:01:24,350 --> 00:01:27,700
-of characters. To include a blank in the pattern, the entire
-
-28
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-pattern must be enclosed in single quotes. To include a quote
-
-29
-00:01:31,060 --> 00:01:34,420
-sign in the pattern, the quote sign must be escaped, which
-
-30
-00:01:34,420 --> 00:01:36,260
-means that we have to put a slash in front of
-
-31
-00:01:36,260 --> 00:01:39,290
-the quotes sign. And in general, it is safest to enclose
-
-32
-00:01:39,290 --> 00:01:42,210
-the entire pattern in single quotes. So this is our high
-
-33
-00:01:42,210 --> 00:01:45,420
-level description for the program, for the softer system, that
-
-34
-00:01:45,420 --> 00:01:47,270
-we need to test. So now let me show you
-
-35
-00:01:47,270 --> 00:01:50,600
-what a possible set of categories and partitions could be
-
-36
-00:01:50,600 --> 00:01:53,770
-for this program. So what I have here is a
-
-37
-00:01:53,770 --> 00:01:58,080
-file, a textual file, which contains all the categories and
-
-38
-00:01:58,080 --> 00:02:02,760
-partitions for the elements that are relevant for my program.
-
-39
-00:02:02,760 --> 00:02:05,240
-In particular, when we look at the file, we can
-
-40
-00:02:05,240 --> 00:02:07,809
-see that the file can be characterized by its size.
-
-41
-00:02:08,889 --> 00:02:12,160
-And in this case, I've got two choices. The file can
-
-42
-00:02:12,160 --> 00:02:16,050
-be empty or not empty. The second characteristic of the file
-
-43
-00:02:16,050 --> 00:02:19,490
-that I'm considering is the number of occurrences of the pattern
-
-44
-00:02:19,490 --> 00:02:22,320
-in the file. And I'm considering that the pattern might not occur
-
-45
-00:02:22,320 --> 00:02:25,780
-in the file or it might occur once, or multiple times.
-
-46
-00:02:25,780 --> 00:02:28,264
-I'm not going to go through the rest of the file because we
-
-47
-00:02:28,264 --> 00:02:31,234
-already covered how to apply the category partition method in the
-
-48
-00:02:31,234 --> 00:02:34,226
-lesson. So if you had doubts about that, about the method and
-
-49
-00:02:34,226 --> 00:02:36,952
-how to apply, you might want to go back and watch again the
-
-50
-00:02:36,952 --> 00:02:40,040
-lesson. What I want to show you here is how you can go
-
-51
-00:02:40,040 --> 00:02:43,670
-from this information that you have here, that we have derived by
-
-52
-00:02:43,670 --> 00:02:47,020
-applying the, the first steps of the method, to a set of
-
-53
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-test frames, and then, a set of test packs. So to do
-
-54
-00:02:50,650 --> 00:02:53,240
-that we're going to use the tool that I just mentioned. So let
-
-55
-00:02:53,240 --> 00:02:56,670
-me bring back my terminal. So first of all, let's see how
-
-56
-00:02:56,670 --> 00:02:59,570
-we can run the tool. So you have a manual that will explain
-
-57
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-all the details on how to build the file that we're
-
-58
-00:03:02,180 --> 00:03:04,350
-going to feed the tool. So what is the format and so
-
-59
-00:03:04,350 --> 00:03:07,780
-on. Here I'm just going to see how I can run the
-
-60
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-tool. So first of all, let me point out that this was
-
-61
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-developed together by professors from the University of California Irvine and
-
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-Oregon State University. And as you can see, we can run
-
-63
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-TSL generator and specify that we want to see the main
-
-64
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-page. So in this case if we run it this, this way,
-
-65
-00:03:24,361 --> 00:03:27,723
-you'll have some basic information on how to run
-
-66
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-the tool. And from the main page you can see
-
-67
-00:03:30,720 --> 00:03:33,520
-that you can specify the minus c flag and in
-
-68
-00:03:33,520 --> 00:03:37,360
-this case the TSL generator will report the number of
-
-69
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-test frames generated without writing them to output. For
-
-70
-00:03:41,410 --> 00:03:43,828
-example, you might want to use this as we will do
-
-71
-00:03:43,828 --> 00:03:46,308
-to see how many tests that you will generate with
-
-72
-00:03:46,308 --> 00:03:49,630
-a current set of category partitions and choices. The minus
-
-73
-00:03:49,630 --> 00:03:52,620
-s option will bring the result of the TSL
-
-74
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-generator on the standard output. And finally, you can
-
-75
-00:03:55,620 --> 00:03:58,330
-use minus o to specify an output file, where
-
-76
-00:03:58,330 --> 00:04:01,010
-to put the output of the program. So let's
-
-77
-00:04:01,010 --> 00:04:05,070
-at first run our TSL generator by specifying the
-
-78
-00:04:05,070 --> 00:04:08,620
-minus c option and by bypassing our current set
-
-79
-00:04:08,620 --> 00:04:11,860
-of category partitions and choices. Okay, so let me
-
-80
-00:04:11,860 --> 00:04:15,140
-remind you that what the, the tool will do
-
-81
-00:04:15,140 --> 00:04:17,790
-is what we will do manually. Otherwise, which is
-
-82
-00:04:17,790 --> 00:04:20,380
-to combine all these choices so as to have one
-
-83
-00:04:20,380 --> 00:04:23,305
-test case for each combination. So if we do
-
-84
-00:04:23,305 --> 00:04:27,412
-that, you can see that the tool tells us that
-
-85
-00:04:27,412 --> 00:04:32,383
-we will generate 7776 test frames in this case.
-
-86
-00:04:32,383 --> 00:04:34,660
-And this seems to be a little too much for
-
-87
-00:04:34,660 --> 00:04:36,868
-a program as small as the one that we are
-
-88
-00:04:36,868 --> 00:04:40,341
-testing. And assume for instance that we don't have the
-
-89
-00:04:40,341 --> 00:04:43,149
-resources to run this many test cases for, for
-
-90
-00:04:43,149 --> 00:04:46,518
-the grep program. In addition, consider that in this case,
-
-91
-00:04:46,518 --> 00:04:50,356
-we're computing all possible combinations of choices. And there's going to
-
-92
-00:04:50,356 --> 00:04:52,384
-be some combination that do not make sense as we
-
-93
-00:04:52,384 --> 00:04:54,945
-discussed in the lesson. So what we might want to
-
-94
-00:04:54,945 --> 00:04:57,051
-do in this case is to go back to our
-
-95
-00:04:57,051 --> 00:05:03,120
-spec and start adding constraints to eliminate this meaningless combination.
-
-96
-00:05:03,120 --> 00:05:05,980
-So I'm going to show you the result of doing that.
-
-97
-00:05:05,980 --> 00:05:08,690
-And I'm going to show you a few examples.
-
-98
-00:05:08,690 --> 00:05:11,670
-For example here, when the file is empty, I'm going to
-
-99
-00:05:11,670 --> 00:05:15,010
-define this property empty file. And how am I
-
-100
-00:05:15,010 --> 00:05:18,490
-going to use this property? Well for example here, it
-
-101
-00:05:18,490 --> 00:05:20,760
-doesn't make sense to consider the case in which
-
-102
-00:05:20,760 --> 00:05:24,660
-we have one or many occurrences of the pattern in
-
-103
-00:05:24,660 --> 00:05:27,020
-the file if the file is empty. Therefore I'm
-
-104
-00:05:27,020 --> 00:05:31,650
-going to tell the tool that it should consider this specific
-
-105
-00:05:31,650 --> 00:05:35,780
-choice only if the file is not empty, only if
-
-106
-00:05:35,780 --> 00:05:38,660
-empty file is not defined. And that will skip, for
-
-107
-00:05:38,660 --> 00:05:41,330
-example, all of the combinations in which the file is
-
-108
-00:05:41,330 --> 00:05:44,171
-empty. And I'm trying to generate the test case that has
-
-109
-00:05:44,171 --> 00:05:46,364
-one occurrence of the pattern in the file, which is
-
-110
-00:05:46,364 --> 00:05:49,355
-simply not possible. For another example, in case I have
-
-111
-00:05:49,355 --> 00:05:52,824
-an empty pattern, I define the property empty pattern. And
-
-112
-00:05:52,824 --> 00:05:56,725
-then I avoid the choices that involve the pattern in case
-
-113
-00:05:56,725 --> 00:05:59,820
-the pattern is empty. because, for example, I cannot
-
-114
-00:05:59,820 --> 00:06:03,900
-have quotes in a pattern that is empty. For example,
-
-115
-00:06:03,900 --> 00:06:06,760
-it doesn't make sense to have blanks. So, one or
-
-116
-00:06:06,760 --> 00:06:10,250
-more blanks if the pattern is empty. So I'm going to
-
-117
-00:06:10,250 --> 00:06:14,180
-specify again that this choice should be considered only if
-
-118
-00:06:14,180 --> 00:06:16,140
-we don't have an empty pattern. And so on and
-
-119
-00:06:16,140 --> 00:06:20,080
-so forth. So now after I edit these constraints, I
-
-120
-00:06:20,080 --> 00:06:21,890
-can go back and compute again the number of test
-
-121
-00:06:21,890 --> 00:06:23,970
-frames and therefore the test cases that will be
-
-122
-00:06:23,970 --> 00:06:27,530
-generated with these constraints. So let me go again
-
-123
-00:06:27,530 --> 00:06:30,381
-to my terminal. Okay, so now I'm going to run
-
-124
-00:06:30,381 --> 00:06:34,061
-my TSL generator again, and I'm going to run it on
-
-125
-00:06:34,061 --> 00:06:37,389
-the second version of this file. And you can
-
-126
-00:06:37,389 --> 00:06:40,546
-see that I reduced the, the number of test frames
-
-127
-00:06:40,546 --> 00:06:43,889
-from about 7800 to about 1700. So it's quite
-
-128
-00:06:43,889 --> 00:06:46,967
-a, quite a big reduction by eliminating all these combinations
-
-129
-00:06:46,967 --> 00:06:49,540
-that do not make sense. But let's assume again that
-
-130
-00:06:49,540 --> 00:06:52,040
-we want to reduce this further so that we don't want to
-
-131
-00:06:52,040 --> 00:06:55,610
-generate those many test frames and therefore test cases. So
-
-132
-00:06:55,610 --> 00:06:58,660
-what can we do? We go back to our spec. And
-
-133
-00:06:58,660 --> 00:07:02,280
-in this case, we start adding error constraints. So if
-
-134
-00:07:02,280 --> 00:07:05,200
-you remember what we said in the lesson, error constraints are
-
-135
-00:07:05,200 --> 00:07:08,310
-constraints that indicate a choice that has to do with an
-
-136
-00:07:08,310 --> 00:07:11,980
-erroneous behaviour. For example, an erroneous input provided to the problem.
-
-137
-00:07:11,980 --> 00:07:15,210
-So here for instance, we're indicating the presence
-
-138
-00:07:15,210 --> 00:07:20,060
-of incorrectly enclosing quotes as an error choice. Same
-
-139
-00:07:20,060 --> 00:07:22,270
-thing if there's no file corresponding to the
-
-140
-00:07:22,270 --> 00:07:23,970
-name that we provide to the tool, we say
-
-141
-00:07:23,970 --> 00:07:26,760
-that this corresponds to an error. So how
-
-142
-00:07:26,760 --> 00:07:29,130
-is the tool going to use this information? It uses
-
-143
-00:07:29,130 --> 00:07:33,980
-this information by producing only one combination that involves
-
-144
-00:07:33,980 --> 00:07:37,270
-error choices, instead of combining them with other choices.
-
-145
-00:07:37,270 --> 00:07:39,780
-So let's see what happens after we added this
-
-146
-00:07:39,780 --> 00:07:43,370
-error constraints. So we go back to our console
-
-147
-00:07:43,370 --> 00:07:46,920
-once more. And in this case, we want to run
-
-148
-00:07:46,920 --> 00:07:50,910
-the TSL generator with the version of the, of my
-
-149
-00:07:50,910 --> 00:07:53,900
-file that contains the area of constraints. And again,
-
-150
-00:07:53,900 --> 00:07:56,390
-I reduce quite a bit the number of test frames.
-
-151
-00:07:56,390 --> 00:07:59,110
-So now I have only 562 test frames that
-
-152
-00:07:59,110 --> 00:08:02,660
-will be generated by using the file that I provided.
-
-153
-00:08:02,660 --> 00:08:05,460
-So for the last time, let's assume that we really want
-
-154
-00:08:05,460 --> 00:08:07,780
-to cut down the number of test frames or the number of
-
-155
-00:08:07,780 --> 00:08:10,380
-test cases. So once more, we go back to our file, and
-
-156
-00:08:10,380 --> 00:08:12,980
-at this point what we can add is the final type of
-
-157
-00:08:12,980 --> 00:08:14,170
-constraints that we have, which are
-
-158
-00:08:14,170 --> 00:08:17,245
-single constraints. And single constraints are
-
-159
-00:08:17,245 --> 00:08:21,360
-basically indicated choices that we don't want to combine with other choices.
-
-160
-00:08:21,360 --> 00:08:24,210
-So they have the same effect of the error constraints, but they
-
-161
-00:08:24,210 --> 00:08:28,120
-have a different meaning, so they do not indicate choices that corresponds
-
-162
-00:08:28,120 --> 00:08:29,860
-to an error. In other words, I can use a
-
-163
-00:08:29,860 --> 00:08:35,280
-single constraints to identify choices that I want to test only once.
-
-164
-00:08:35,280 --> 00:08:38,510
-So for example in this case, I might decide that I
-
-165
-00:08:38,510 --> 00:08:42,520
-want to have only one test frame that tests my program
-
-166
-00:08:42,520 --> 00:08:44,420
-with a file being empty and I can do the
-
-167
-00:08:44,420 --> 00:08:47,370
-same for other choices. So basically I can continue adding this
-
-168
-00:08:47,370 --> 00:08:50,400
-single constraint until I get down to the number of test
-
-169
-00:08:50,400 --> 00:08:53,410
-frames and therefore the number of test cases that I want.
-
-170
-00:08:53,410 --> 00:08:57,770
-So now let's go back once more to our console. And so now if we run
-
-171
-00:08:59,060 --> 00:09:04,450
-using this file as input, you can see that we have 35 test frames generated. So
-
-172
-00:09:04,450 --> 00:09:07,750
-this is a fairly low number of test cases, so we might decide that we want to
-
-173
-00:09:07,750 --> 00:09:13,380
-go ahead and write these test frames to a file. So now let's open this file
-
-174
-00:09:15,990 --> 00:09:25,500
-that we just generated. And as you can see here, I have exactly 35 test frames,
-
-175
-00:09:26,670 --> 00:09:30,900
-as expected. Some of those correspond to the single and error cases. So in this
-
-176
-00:09:30,900 --> 00:09:33,330
-case, the only choice that I have indicated
-
-177
-00:09:33,330 --> 00:09:35,690
-is the one that corresponds to the single
-
-178
-00:09:35,690 --> 00:09:38,310
-or error constraint. What is for the other
-
-179
-00:09:38,310 --> 00:09:42,170
-ones? I actually have the whole test spec.
-
-180
-00:09:42,170 --> 00:09:45,530
-So let's pick one just to give you an example.
-
-181
-00:09:45,530 --> 00:09:48,440
-In this case, that's frame number 15 that will correspond to
-
-182
-00:09:48,440 --> 00:09:51,910
-test case number 15. And here you can see that
-
-183
-00:09:51,910 --> 00:09:55,280
-we have all the information. So this is a test specification.
-
-184
-00:09:55,280 --> 00:09:57,560
-All the information that we need to generate the corresponding
-
-185
-00:09:57,560 --> 00:09:59,760
-test. We know that we need a file that is not
-
-186
-00:09:59,760 --> 00:10:03,810
-empty. That we need to have one occurrence of the pattern
-
-187
-00:10:03,810 --> 00:10:07,580
-in the file. One occurrence of the pattern in one line.
-
-188
-00:10:08,680 --> 00:10:10,360
-The position of the pattern in the file can
-
-189
-00:10:10,360 --> 00:10:13,740
-be any position. The length of the pattern must
-
-190
-00:10:13,740 --> 00:10:16,640
-be more than one character. The pattern should not
-
-191
-00:10:16,640 --> 00:10:20,140
-be enclosed in quotes. There should be one white
-
-192
-00:10:20,140 --> 00:10:24,460
-space, one quote within the pattern, and finally the
-
-193
-00:10:24,460 --> 00:10:27,230
-file that would pass through the program should exist.
-
-194
-00:10:27,230 --> 00:10:29,680
-So the file should be present. So I can
-
-195
-00:10:29,680 --> 00:10:33,950
-easily transform all of this into an actual test case.
-
-196
-00:10:33,950 --> 00:10:35,540
-And notice that even though we're not, we're not
-
-197
-00:10:35,540 --> 00:10:38,420
-going to do it here. In cases like this, it might
-
-198
-00:10:38,420 --> 00:10:42,190
-even be possible to automatically generate the test cases
-
-199
-00:10:42,190 --> 00:10:45,020
-from the test specifications because, here for example, here it
-
-200
-00:10:45,020 --> 00:10:48,150
-should be relatively straight forward to parse these test
-
-201
-00:10:48,150 --> 00:10:52,450
-specifications and generate test cases accordingly. So, just to summarize,
-
-202
-00:10:52,450 --> 00:10:55,910
-what we have done is to go from one high-level
-
-203
-00:10:55,910 --> 00:10:58,880
-description of a program to a set of categories, partitions,
-
-204
-00:10:58,880 --> 00:11:01,820
-and choices for that program. Then we have combined them
-
-205
-00:11:01,820 --> 00:11:04,930
-in different ways, adding more and more constraints to reduce the
-
-206
-00:11:04,930 --> 00:11:07,600
-number of combinations until we ended up with the right number
-
-207
-00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:09,650
-of test cases, so the number of test cases that we
-
-208
-00:11:09,650 --> 00:11:14,630
-were fine generating. We generated the corresponding test specifications. And at
-
-209
-00:11:14,630 --> 00:11:17,340
-that point, we could just go ahead, generate the test case,
-
-210
-00:11:17,340 --> 00:11:20,660
-and test our application. So, and you can see how this
-
-211
-00:11:20,660 --> 00:11:23,720
-can result in a much more thorough testing of your application.
-
-212
-00:11:23,720 --> 00:11:27,890
-Because instead of reading this description and just trying to come up with test
-
-213
-00:11:27,890 --> 00:11:33,900
-cases for it, we can break down the process in steps that are easy to perform
-
-214
-00:11:33,900 --> 00:11:36,960
-individually. They can be automated as much
-
-215
-00:11:36,960 --> 00:11:38,600
-as possible. And they will end up with
-
-216
-00:11:38,600 --> 00:11:40,380
-a set of test cases that will test
-
-217
-00:11:40,380 --> 00:11:42,790
-all the interests and aspects of your application.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/24 - Model Based Testing - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/24 - Model Based Testing - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d41cd9..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/24 - Model Based Testing - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,370 --> 00:00:02,950
-What we just saw with the category-partition method, is a
-
-2
-00:00:02,950 --> 00:00:05,530
-specific instance of this systematic
-
-3
-00:00:05,530 --> 00:00:08,230
-functional testing approach. So specific instance
-
-4
-00:00:08,230 --> 00:00:10,900
-of the steps that we represented here. And, as I
-
-5
-00:00:10,900 --> 00:00:13,100
-mentioned earlier on, this is not the only way in which
-
-6
-00:00:13,100 --> 00:00:16,700
-you can generate test cases, starting from a functional specification.
-
-7
-00:00:16,700 --> 00:00:20,190
-In particular, this step, in which we identified relevant inputs and
-
-8
-00:00:20,190 --> 00:00:23,390
-then we combine them to generate test case specifications, can also
-
-9
-00:00:23,390 --> 00:00:25,490
-be done in different ways. And, we're going to look at one
-
-10
-00:00:25,490 --> 00:00:28,170
-of these ways. Which is through the construction of a
-
-11
-00:00:28,170 --> 00:00:31,040
-model. And, the reason why I want to talk about models.
-
-12
-00:00:31,040 --> 00:00:34,090
-Is because, model based testing is also, fairly popular in
-
-13
-00:00:34,090 --> 00:00:37,680
-industry. And fairly used in practice. In model based testing, the
-
-14
-00:00:37,680 --> 00:00:41,150
-way in which we go from specifications, to test cases,
-
-15
-00:00:41,150 --> 00:00:44,220
-is through the construction of a model. Where a model is
-
-16
-00:00:44,220 --> 00:00:47,670
-an abstract representation of the software under test. Also in
-
-17
-00:00:47,670 --> 00:00:50,860
-this case there are many possible models, that we can use.
-
-18
-00:00:50,860 --> 00:00:52,180
-And what we're going to do, we're going to focus
-
-19
-00:00:52,180 --> 00:00:54,370
-on a specific kind of model. And I'll
-
-20
-00:00:54,370 --> 00:00:57,010
-just point you to additional sources of information,
-
-21
-00:00:57,010 --> 00:00:59,070
-in case you're interested in seeing other examples.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/25 - Finite State Machines - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/25 - Finite State Machines - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 26f2fd7..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/25 - Finite State Machines - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:02,320
-The model that we will consider, is a very well
-
-2
-00:00:02,320 --> 00:00:05,330
-known one. Which is finite state machines. And you might have
-
-3
-00:00:05,330 --> 00:00:08,320
-seen them before. At a high level, a state machine is
-
-4
-00:00:08,320 --> 00:00:11,990
-a graph in which nodes represent states of the system. For
-
-5
-00:00:11,990 --> 00:00:15,650
-example, in this case, state 1, state 2, and state 3.
-
-6
-00:00:15,650 --> 00:00:19,950
-Edges represent transitions between states. For instance, in this case we
-
-7
-00:00:19,950 --> 00:00:22,850
-have one edge from state 1, to state 2. That means
-
-8
-00:00:22,850 --> 00:00:25,640
-that the system can go from state 1, to state 2.
-
-9
-00:00:25,640 --> 00:00:29,530
-And finally, the labels on the edges represent events
-
-10
-00:00:29,530 --> 00:00:32,800
-and actions. For example, what this label means is that
-
-11
-00:00:32,800 --> 00:00:35,400
-the system goes from state three to state two
-
-12
-00:00:35,400 --> 00:00:39,140
-when event five occurs. And when going from state three
-
-13
-00:00:39,140 --> 00:00:42,190
-to state two, it generates action four. And does
-
-14
-00:00:42,190 --> 00:00:45,430
-reacher model, sir reacher's kind of state machines, but we're
-
-15
-00:00:45,430 --> 00:00:48,160
-just going to stick to this ones which are enough. For
-
-16
-00:00:48,160 --> 00:00:50,760
-our purpose. So how do we build such a final
-
-17
-00:00:50,760 --> 00:00:53,530
-state machine starting from a specification? The first thing
-
-18
-00:00:53,530 --> 00:00:56,660
-we need to do is to identify the system's boundaries
-
-19
-00:00:56,660 --> 00:00:59,250
-and the input and output to the system. Once we
-
-20
-00:00:59,250 --> 00:01:01,960
-have done that, we can identify, within the boundaries of
-
-21
-00:01:01,960 --> 00:01:06,070
-the system, the relevant states and transitions. So we split
-
-22
-00:01:06,070 --> 00:01:09,670
-this single state We'll refine it into several states. And
-
-23
-00:01:09,670 --> 00:01:12,640
-we also identify how the system can go from one
-
-24
-00:01:12,640 --> 00:01:16,830
-state to another. Including which inputs cause which transition, and
-
-25
-00:01:16,830 --> 00:01:19,350
-which result in outputs we can obtain. To
-
-26
-00:01:19,350 --> 00:01:21,810
-better illustrate that, let's look at a concrete example.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/26 - Finite State Machines Example - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/26 - Finite State Machines Example - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index f889057..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/26 - Finite State Machines Example - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,251 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:03,010
-In this example, we're going to start from an informal specification, and the
-
-2
-00:00:03,010 --> 00:00:06,670
-specification is the one shown here in file spec.txt. This is the
-
-3
-00:00:06,670 --> 00:00:10,210
-specification for the maintenance function in a specific system. So what we're
-
-4
-00:00:10,210 --> 00:00:13,630
-doing is that we're taking the description of the functionality of a system,
-
-5
-00:00:13,630 --> 00:00:16,219
-and we're building a model, in this case a final state machine
-
-6
-00:00:16,219 --> 00:00:18,710
-for it. And there is no need to look at all the details
-
-7
-00:00:18,710 --> 00:00:21,350
-for this specification, but I want to point out that if you
-
-8
-00:00:21,350 --> 00:00:25,640
-look at the way the specification is written, we can identify specific cases
-
-9
-00:00:25,640 --> 00:00:28,210
-that we need to take into account. Like here if something
-
-10
-00:00:28,210 --> 00:00:31,920
-happens, something else will follow. Again, if something happens something else
-
-11
-00:00:31,920 --> 00:00:35,690
-will follow. So we have multiple choices here. Here will determine
-
-12
-00:00:35,690 --> 00:00:38,140
-the next steps and so on. So all we have to
-
-13
-00:00:38,140 --> 00:00:42,420
-do is to go through this process, identify these cases and
-
-14
-00:00:42,420 --> 00:00:45,300
-then build a machine that represents these cases. For the spec
-
-15
-00:00:45,300 --> 00:00:47,830
-that we just consider this is the state machine that will
-
-16
-00:00:47,830 --> 00:00:50,960
-result. Again there is no need to go through all the details,
-
-17
-00:00:50,960 --> 00:00:53,090
-but what I want to point out is that we have
-
-18
-00:00:53,090 --> 00:00:55,710
-a set of states. So for instance, we have state zero,
-
-19
-00:00:55,710 --> 00:00:58,380
-which is no maintenance, and if a request comes in, the
-
-20
-00:00:58,380 --> 00:01:01,350
-system will move, and the system wait for pickup. Then if
-
-21
-00:01:01,350 --> 00:01:04,400
-the pickup actually occurs, the system will move to the repair
-
-22
-00:01:04,400 --> 00:01:07,540
-state, and so on and so forth. So this is just
-
-23
-00:01:07,540 --> 00:01:13,070
-a more systematic representation of what was in the former specification.
-
-24
-00:01:13,070 --> 00:01:16,160
-And I will argue that this is much easier to understand at
-
-25
-00:01:16,160 --> 00:01:19,170
-least for somebody who has to develop tests for this system. In
-
-26
-00:01:19,170 --> 00:01:21,770
-fact what we're going to see next is how we can go from that
-
-27
-00:01:21,770 --> 00:01:24,790
-representation to a set of test cases. And the way which we do
-
-28
-00:01:24,790 --> 00:01:28,950
-it is by covering the behaviors represented by defining state machine. And we
-
-29
-00:01:28,950 --> 00:01:31,500
-can decide how we want to cover them. For example we might want
-
-30
-00:01:31,500 --> 00:01:35,080
-to cover all the states. So we might want to identify paths in
-
-31
-00:01:35,080 --> 00:01:38,310
-the state machine that go through all the states in the machine. Like
-
-32
-00:01:38,310 --> 00:01:41,840
-the one I just draw or this one, this one and this one.
-
-33
-00:01:41,840 --> 00:01:44,900
-So if we consider these four test cases, we can see that all the
-
-34
-00:01:44,900 --> 00:01:48,470
-states in my system or at least all the states that I have identified
-
-35
-00:01:48,470 --> 00:01:51,450
-are covered. I might want to go a little further, and decide that I
-
-36
-00:01:51,450 --> 00:01:54,210
-don't only want to cover all of the states, but I want to cover, all
-
-37
-00:01:54,210 --> 00:01:57,930
-of the transitions, because, it makes sense to visit a state, when coming from
-
-38
-00:01:57,930 --> 00:02:00,380
-different states. And, if I want to do that, and I look at the
-
-39
-00:02:00,380 --> 00:02:03,440
-test cases that I generated so far, I can see that there is one
-
-40
-00:02:03,440 --> 00:02:06,910
-transition, the one here, that is not covered. And, the same can be said for
-
-41
-00:02:06,910 --> 00:02:09,210
-the two transitions here. So what I can decide to do is
-
-42
-00:02:09,210 --> 00:02:13,370
-to generate another test case, that covers those or extend an existing one.
-
-43
-00:02:13,370 --> 00:02:16,500
-For instance, I could extend this test case by adding a visit to
-
-44
-00:02:16,500 --> 00:02:20,760
-the state, before going back to these two. Alternatively, I could also generate
-
-45
-00:02:20,760 --> 00:02:24,390
-new test cases, such as this one. To cover the missing transitions.
-
-46
-00:02:24,390 --> 00:02:26,350
-And once I have these test cases, I can express them in a
-
-47
-00:02:26,350 --> 00:02:29,860
-clearer way by simply specifying what are the states that they cover. I'm
-
-48
-00:02:29,860 --> 00:02:31,990
-just going to give you a couple of examples. Say, if we look
-
-49
-00:02:31,990 --> 00:02:34,280
-at the last one that I added, which will be test case
-
-50
-00:02:34,280 --> 00:02:37,190
-number five, I just need to specify that it will go through state
-
-51
-00:02:37,190 --> 00:02:41,090
-zero, which is this one, five, which is this one, six, and
-
-52
-00:02:41,090 --> 00:02:43,130
-then back to zero. And I can do the same for the other
-
-53
-00:02:43,130 --> 00:02:46,500
-test cases. So this will be my complete set of test cases.
-
-54
-00:02:46,500 --> 00:02:50,060
-So the bottom line here is that it is much harder to build
-
-55
-00:02:50,060 --> 00:02:53,080
-a set of test cases that will cover the behavior of an informal
-
-56
-00:02:53,080 --> 00:02:56,970
-description. But by going through a model, so by building in this case,
-
-57
-00:02:56,970 --> 00:03:01,700
-a finite state machine for that description, we can, in a much easier way, see
-
-58
-00:03:01,700 --> 00:03:04,100
-what the behaviors of interest of the system
-
-59
-00:03:04,100 --> 00:03:05,960
-are, and try to cover them. And there
-
-60
-00:03:05,960 --> 00:03:07,400
-is again in the spirit of breaking
-
-61
-00:03:07,400 --> 00:03:09,950
-down a complex problem into smaller steps that
-
-62
-00:03:09,950 --> 00:03:11,620
-we can better manage, which in the end,
-
-63
-00:03:11,620 --> 00:03:14,450
-results in a more efficient and effective testing.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/27 - Finite State Machines Considerations - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/27 - Finite State Machines Considerations - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/27 - Finite State Machines Considerations - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:03,060
-There are some important considerations I want to make on final state
-
-2
-00:00:03,060 --> 00:00:06,410
-machines. And more in general, on model based testing. The first one
-
-3
-00:00:06,410 --> 00:00:10,600
-is about applicability. Testing based on final state machines is a very
-
-4
-00:00:10,600 --> 00:00:13,890
-general approach, that we can apply in a number of contexts. And in
-
-5
-00:00:13,890 --> 00:00:16,510
-particular, if you are working with UML, you have state machines for
-
-6
-00:00:16,510 --> 00:00:19,720
-free. Because state charts are nothing else but a special kind of
-
-7
-00:00:19,720 --> 00:00:22,210
-state machine. So you can apply the technique that we just saw
-
-8
-00:00:22,210 --> 00:00:26,010
-directly on state charts, and try to cover their states and their transitions.
-
-9
-00:00:26,010 --> 00:00:29,980
-Another important point is that abstraction is key. You have to find the
-
-10
-00:00:29,980 --> 00:00:33,280
-right level of abstraction. The bigger the system, the more you have to
-
-11
-00:00:33,280 --> 00:00:36,130
-abstract if you want to represent it with a model, and in particular, with
-
-12
-00:00:36,130 --> 00:00:38,710
-the final state machine. So it's like having a slider, and you have
-
-13
-00:00:38,710 --> 00:00:41,840
-to decide where you want to move on that slider. The more you represent,
-
-14
-00:00:41,840 --> 00:00:44,700
-the more complex your system is going to be and the more thorough your
-
-15
-00:00:44,700 --> 00:00:48,110
-testing is going to be but also more expensive. The less you represent the
-
-16
-00:00:48,110 --> 00:00:51,330
-less expensive testing is going to be, but also testing might not be as
-
-17
-00:00:51,330 --> 00:00:53,500
-thorough as it would be otherwise. So you have to find
-
-18
-00:00:53,500 --> 00:00:56,150
-the right balance between abstracting the weight too much and abstracting
-
-19
-00:00:56,150 --> 00:00:59,840
-the weight too little. And finally there are many other approaches.
-
-20
-00:00:59,840 --> 00:01:02,840
-So we just scratched the surface, and we just saw one possible
-
-21
-00:01:02,840 --> 00:01:05,760
-approach. But for instance, other models that you can use are
-
-22
-00:01:05,760 --> 00:01:09,780
-decision tables, flow graphs and even historical models. Models that can
-
-23
-00:01:09,780 --> 00:01:13,560
-guide your testing based on problems that occurred in your system
-
-24
-00:01:13,560 --> 00:01:16,500
-in the past. And also, in this case, I'm going to put pointers
-
-25
-00:01:16,500 --> 00:01:18,460
-to additional materials in the class notes.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/28 - Summary - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/28 - Summary - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 1b68b9f..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/28 - Summary - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:01,600
-Now we are at the end of this lesson, and I
-
-2
-00:00:01,600 --> 00:00:04,450
-just want to wrap it up by summarizing what we've seen. We talked
-
-3
-00:00:04,450 --> 00:00:06,340
-about black-box testing, the testing of
-
-4
-00:00:06,340 --> 00:00:08,760
-software based on a functional specification,
-
-5
-00:00:08,760 --> 00:00:11,510
-a description of the software rather than its code. We saw a
-
-6
-00:00:11,510 --> 00:00:15,500
-systematic way of doing that, that allows for breaking down the problem
-
-7
-00:00:15,500 --> 00:00:19,140
-of testing software, so the problem of going from this functional specification
-
-8
-00:00:19,140 --> 00:00:22,540
-to a set of test cases into smaller steps, more manageable steps.
-
-9
-00:00:22,540 --> 00:00:25,466
-And we saw two main ways of doing this. One by identifying
-
-10
-00:00:25,466 --> 00:00:28,304
-relevant inputs for the main features in the system
-
-11
-00:00:28,304 --> 00:00:31,802
-and then deriving test case specifications and test cases from
-
-12
-00:00:31,802 --> 00:00:34,180
-this set of inputs. And the second way by
-
-13
-00:00:34,180 --> 00:00:36,780
-building a model for the main features of the system
-
-14
-00:00:36,780 --> 00:00:39,210
-and then using this model to decide how to
-
-15
-00:00:39,210 --> 00:00:41,680
-test the system. In the next lesson, we are going
-
-16
-00:00:41,680 --> 00:00:44,440
-to discuss, how to do testing by looking inside the
-
-17
-00:00:44,440 --> 00:00:47,716
-box? So, how to do testing in a white-box fashion.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/3 - Systematic Functional Testing Approach - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/3 - Systematic Functional Testing Approach - lang_en_vs4.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/3 - Systematic Functional Testing Approach - lang_en_vs4.srt	
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@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,690
-So what is the starting point of black box testing? Black
-
-2
-00:00:02,690 --> 00:00:06,010
-box testing start from a description of the software or as we
-
-3
-00:00:06,010 --> 00:00:09,590
-call it, a functional specification. And the final result of black
-
-4
-00:00:09,590 --> 00:00:12,760
-box testing is a set of test cases, a set of actual
-
-5
-00:00:12,760 --> 00:00:16,410
-inputs and corresponding outputs that we can use to exercise our
-
-6
-00:00:16,410 --> 00:00:19,030
-code and to try to find defects in our code. So the
-
-7
-00:00:19,030 --> 00:00:22,060
-question is, how do we get from functional specification to test
-
-8
-00:00:22,060 --> 00:00:25,510
-cases? Doing these derivations, so going from this description to a concrete
-
-9
-00:00:25,510 --> 00:00:28,550
-set of tests, is a very complex analytical process.
-
-10
-00:00:28,550 --> 00:00:31,220
-And normally brute force generation is not a good
-
-11
-00:00:31,220 --> 00:00:34,430
-idea because it's inefficient and ineffective. What we want
-
-12
-00:00:34,430 --> 00:00:37,540
-to do instead is to have a systematic approach to
-
-13
-00:00:37,540 --> 00:00:40,250
-derive test cases from a functional specification. What a
-
-14
-00:00:40,250 --> 00:00:43,970
-systematic approach does is to simplify the overall problem by
-
-15
-00:00:43,970 --> 00:00:48,320
-dividing the process into elementary steps. In particular, in
-
-16
-00:00:48,320 --> 00:00:50,520
-this case, we will perform three main steps. The first
-
-17
-00:00:50,520 --> 00:00:55,790
-step is to identify independently testable features. Individual features in
-
-18
-00:00:55,790 --> 00:00:57,600
-the soft hood that we can test. And we're going to
-
-19
-00:00:57,600 --> 00:00:59,990
-expand on each one of these steps in the next
-
-20
-00:00:59,990 --> 00:01:02,490
-part of the lesson. The following step is once we have
-
-21
-00:01:02,490 --> 00:01:06,000
-these independently testable features to identify what are the relevant
-
-22
-00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:08,590
-inputs. So what are the inputs or the behavior that is
-
-23
-00:01:08,590 --> 00:01:11,610
-worth testing for these features. Next once we have these
-
-24
-00:01:11,610 --> 00:01:13,020
-inputs, we're going to derive test
-
-25
-00:01:13,020 --> 00:01:15,770
-specifications. And test case specifications are
-
-26
-00:01:15,770 --> 00:01:19,490
-description of the test cases that we can then use
-
-27
-00:01:19,490 --> 00:01:23,270
-to generate actual test cases. And proceeding in this way,
-
-28
-00:01:23,270 --> 00:01:26,050
-by this steps, has many advantages. It allows for the
-
-29
-00:01:26,050 --> 00:01:29,920
-coupling different activities. It allows for dividing brain intensive steps from
-
-30
-00:01:29,920 --> 00:01:32,240
-steps that can be automated, which is a great advantage.
-
-31
-00:01:32,240 --> 00:01:34,980
-And also we will see, it allows you for monitoring
-
-32
-00:01:34,980 --> 00:01:38,040
-the testing process. So to figure out whether your testing
-
-33
-00:01:38,040 --> 00:01:41,000
-process is going as expected, for example, if you're generating too
-
-34
-00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:44,160
-many test cases. Or you're generating the number of test cases that your
-
-35
-00:01:44,160 --> 00:01:47,880
-amount of resources available allows you to run. So let's start by looking
-
-36
-00:01:47,880 --> 00:01:51,230
-at the first step of this process in which our goal is to
-
-37
-00:01:51,230 --> 00:01:54,820
-go from a Functional Specification to a set of features that we can
-
-38
-00:01:54,820 --> 00:01:57,700
-test in the software. So what we want to do is to identify all
-
-39
-00:01:57,700 --> 00:02:00,290
-of the feature of the software. And why do we want to do this?
-
-40
-00:02:00,290 --> 00:02:02,650
-Well you know, in the spirit of breaking down the complexity of the
-
-41
-00:02:02,650 --> 00:02:06,170
-problem, it does not make sense to just try to devise test cases for
-
-42
-00:02:06,170 --> 00:02:08,750
-all the features of the software at once. For any non-trivial
-
-43
-00:02:08,750 --> 00:02:11,980
-software, that's a humongous problem, and something that we cannot really
-
-44
-00:02:11,980 --> 00:02:16,300
-handle effectively. A much better way is to identify independently testable
-
-45
-00:02:16,300 --> 00:02:19,100
-features and consider one of them at a time when generating tests.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/4 - Overview Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/4 - Overview Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/4 - Overview Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,740 --> 00:00:02,780
-So, now I want to do a little quiz about
-
-2
-00:00:02,780 --> 00:00:05,530
-identifying testable features. Let's consider
-
-3
-00:00:05,530 --> 00:00:07,700
-this simple problem called printSum.
-
-4
-00:00:07,700 --> 00:00:09,680
-We won't see the implementation because we are doing black-box
-
-5
-00:00:09,680 --> 00:00:12,780
-testing. And all we need to know is that printSum takes
-
-6
-00:00:12,780 --> 00:00:15,550
-two integers, a and b, and prints the sum of
-
-7
-00:00:15,550 --> 00:00:17,540
-these two numbers. So what I want to ask, is
-
-8
-00:00:17,540 --> 00:00:20,700
-how many independently testable features do we have here? Do
-
-9
-00:00:20,700 --> 00:00:24,860
-we have one, two, three features? Or more than three features?
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/5 - Overview Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/5 - Overview Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 5503f98..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/5 - Overview Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,360 --> 00:00:03,760
-Sum is a very simple program, that only does one thing,
-
-2
-00:00:03,760 --> 00:00:07,540
-summing two number, adding two numbers. So the answer in this
-
-3
-00:00:07,540 --> 00:00:10,640
-case, it's one. There's only one feature that we can test
-
-4
-00:00:10,640 --> 00:00:14,060
-in PrintSum. So let's look at the slightly more interesting example.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/6 - Overview Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/6 - Overview Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 96c643e..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/6 - Overview Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:02,469
-Let's look at this spreadsheet. I'm pretty sure most of you
-
-2
-00:00:02,469 --> 00:00:05,990
-are familiar with what a spreadsheet is and have used them before.
-
-3
-00:00:05,990 --> 00:00:08,119
-So now I'm going to ask the same question, which is I'd
-
-4
-00:00:08,119 --> 00:00:10,480
-like you to identify three possible
-
-5
-00:00:10,480 --> 00:00:13,190
-independently testable features for a spreadsheet.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/7 - Overview Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/7 - Overview Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 88e7cd5..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/7 - Overview Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,190 --> 00:00:03,030
-In this case there's not really a right answer because there's
-
-2
-00:00:03,030 --> 00:00:05,750
-many, many features that you could identify in a piece of
-
-3
-00:00:05,750 --> 00:00:08,655
-software as complex as a, a spreadsheet. So I'm just going
-
-4
-00:00:08,655 --> 00:00:11,900
-to give you three examples. So one could be the cell merging
-
-5
-00:00:11,900 --> 00:00:14,950
-operation. So the operation in which we merge two cells in
-
-6
-00:00:14,950 --> 00:00:18,550
-the spreadsheet. Another example could be chart creation, so I might want
-
-7
-00:00:18,550 --> 00:00:21,370
-to test the feature that allows you to create charts in
-
-8
-00:00:21,370 --> 00:00:23,310
-your spreadsheets. Yet another example could
-
-9
-00:00:23,310 --> 00:00:25,540
-be the test of statistical functions,
-
-10
-00:00:25,540 --> 00:00:29,350
-so the function that allows you to do various statistical calculations on
-
-11
-00:00:29,350 --> 00:00:32,650
-the numbers in your cells. And as I said there's many, many
-
-12
-00:00:32,650 --> 00:00:35,900
-more example that we could use. But the key thing I want
-
-13
-00:00:35,900 --> 00:00:38,770
-to convey here is the fact that there is no way you
-
-14
-00:00:38,770 --> 00:00:42,020
-can look at a spreadsheet with all the functionality that it provides
-
-15
-00:00:42,020 --> 00:00:44,160
-and just go and test it. The first step, what you need
-
-16
-00:00:44,160 --> 00:00:47,430
-to do first, is to identify which ones are the pieces of
-
-17
-00:00:47,430 --> 00:00:50,620
-functionality that I can test individually. So that's why this is the
-
-18
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-first step in black-box testing.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/8 - Test Data Selection - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/8 - Test Data Selection - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 51aaffe..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/8 - Test Data Selection - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,230 --> 00:00:03,550
-Once we have identified Independently Testable Features, the next step is to
-
-2
-00:00:03,550 --> 00:00:07,720
-identify the Relevant Inputs for each one of these features. And there are
-
-3
-00:00:07,720 --> 00:00:10,420
-many ways to do that. So, what we're going to do, instead of
-
-4
-00:00:10,420 --> 00:00:13,770
-looking at them all, is that we're just going to focus on two different
-
-5
-00:00:13,770 --> 00:00:16,239
-ways of doing it. And they are fairly general ways. So, they
-
-6
-00:00:16,239 --> 00:00:19,910
-are applicable to a number of situations. And in addition, what I will
-
-7
-00:00:19,910 --> 00:00:22,190
-do, I will point you to other sources in which you can
-
-8
-00:00:22,190 --> 00:00:25,530
-look at different ways of doing this in the class notes. The problem
-
-9
-00:00:25,530 --> 00:00:28,390
-of identifying relevant inputs for some Software or some feature
-
-10
-00:00:28,390 --> 00:00:31,930
-of it is called Test Data Selection and can be expressed
-
-11
-00:00:31,930 --> 00:00:35,040
-as followed. Let's consider our software as usual we have
-
-12
-00:00:35,040 --> 00:00:38,190
-our Input Domain, which is the set of inputs for all
-
-13
-00:00:38,190 --> 00:00:40,980
-the software. And again as usual, we have our Output
-
-14
-00:00:40,980 --> 00:00:44,050
-Domain, which is the set of corresponding outlets for these inputs.
-
-15
-00:00:44,050 --> 00:00:47,450
-So the question here is, how can we select a meaningful
-
-16
-00:00:47,450 --> 00:00:50,920
-set of inputs in my domain? And of course corresponding outputs
-
-17
-00:00:50,920 --> 00:00:53,240
-because we know that test cases are an input, plus an
-
-18
-00:00:53,240 --> 00:00:56,900
-expected output. So how can we select interesting inputs for our
-
-19
-00:00:56,900 --> 00:01:00,040
-software? So a set of inputs that, after we run them
-
-20
-00:01:00,040 --> 00:01:02,950
-on the software, if the software behaves correctly, we'll have enough
-
-21
-00:01:02,950 --> 00:01:07,060
-confidence that the software is correctly implemented. So one possible idea
-
-22
-00:01:07,060 --> 00:01:09,830
-is, hey, why don't we just test them all? We just
-
-23
-00:01:09,830 --> 00:01:12,800
-do exhaustive testing. We do all the inputs, nowadays we have
-
-24
-00:01:12,800 --> 00:01:16,290
-powerful machines, we have a lot of computational power in the cloud.
-
-25
-00:01:16,290 --> 00:01:17,890
-Why not just doing it? So to answer that
-
-26
-00:01:17,890 --> 00:01:20,480
-question, what I'm going to do? I'm going to use another quiz.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/9 - Test Data Selection Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/9 - Test Data Selection Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ffead6..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L2 Black-Box Testing Subtitles/9 - Test Data Selection Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:02,180
-So I'm going to ask you something. Which is if
-
-2
-00:00:02,180 --> 00:00:04,750
-we consider again our function print sum, the one
-
-3
-00:00:04,750 --> 00:00:06,760
-that takes two integers and prints the sum. How
-
-4
-00:00:06,760 --> 00:00:09,300
-long would it take to exhaustively test this function? And
-
-5
-00:00:09,300 --> 00:00:10,950
-this is a very simple one. There's just two
-
-6
-00:00:10,950 --> 00:00:13,240
-inputs, right? So we can just enumerate them all.
-
-7
-00:00:13,240 --> 00:00:15,950
-And put them throw them at the computer form,
-
-8
-00:00:15,950 --> 00:00:18,440
-and wait for the results. How long would that take?
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 64f1576..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:02,570
-In the previous lesson we discussed black box
-
-2
-00:00:02,570 --> 00:00:05,120
-testing, which is the testing performed based on a
-
-3
-00:00:05,120 --> 00:00:08,760
-description of the software, but without considering any of
-
-4
-00:00:08,760 --> 00:00:12,440
-software's internal details. In this lesson, we will discuss
-
-5
-00:00:12,440 --> 00:00:15,490
-the counterpart of black box testing, which is called
-
-6
-00:00:15,490 --> 00:00:20,590
-unsurprisingly white box testing or structural testing. And just
-
-7
-00:00:20,590 --> 00:00:22,780
-like we did for black box testing, we will
-
-8
-00:00:22,780 --> 00:00:25,740
-cover the main characteristics of white box testing and
-
-9
-00:00:25,740 --> 00:00:30,620
-this casts the most commonly used white box testing techniques. We
-
-10
-00:00:30,620 --> 00:00:33,650
-will conclude the lesson with the discussion of the main strengths and
-
-11
-00:00:33,650 --> 00:00:37,540
-limitations of white box testing. So that you will know, when to
-
-12
-00:00:37,540 --> 00:00:40,950
-use it? How to use it? And what to expect from it?
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/10 - Statement Coverage Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs7.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/10 - Statement Coverage Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs7.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index c18d579..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/10 - Statement Coverage Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs7.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,210 --> 00:00:01,900
-To get the answer to this question, I'm
-
-2
-00:00:01,900 --> 00:00:03,540
-going to ask you to be a little patient, and
-
-3
-00:00:03,540 --> 00:00:05,120
-to wait until the end of the lesson.
-
-4
-00:00:05,120 --> 00:00:06,792
-Because there are a couple of more topics that
-
-5
-00:00:06,792 --> 00:00:08,244
-I want to cover, before I actually get in
-
-6
-00:00:08,244 --> 00:00:10,210
-to this. Nevertheless, I wanted to ask you right
-
-7
-00:00:10,210 --> 00:00:11,880
-away, because I wanted you to think about
-
-8
-00:00:11,880 --> 00:00:13,560
-this, before you see the rest of the lesson.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/11 - Control Flow Graphs - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/11 - Control Flow Graphs - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 83d5860..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/11 - Control Flow Graphs - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,320 --> 00:00:03,450
-Let's look at the code for PrintSum in a slightly different way
-
-2
-00:00:03,450 --> 00:00:06,140
-by making something explicit. If we go through the code, we can
-
-3
-00:00:06,140 --> 00:00:08,578
-see that the, the code does something in that case, if the
-
-4
-00:00:08,578 --> 00:00:11,720
-result greater then zero, does something else if the result is not
-
-5
-00:00:11,720 --> 00:00:14,890
-greater than zero but is less than zero, and otherwise in the
-
-6
-00:00:14,890 --> 00:00:17,800
-case in which neither of these two conditions is true. Nothing really
-
-7
-00:00:17,800 --> 00:00:19,090
-happens. So we're going to make that
-
-8
-00:00:19,090 --> 00:00:21,290
-explicit, we're going to say here, otherwise
-
-9
-00:00:21,290 --> 00:00:25,430
-do nothing, which is exactly our problem, the code does nothing, in this
-
-10
-00:00:25,430 --> 00:00:28,380
-case where it should do something. So now, let's look again in
-
-11
-00:00:28,380 --> 00:00:31,470
-our test cases, let's consider the first one, and I'm going to go a
-
-12
-00:00:31,470 --> 00:00:34,410
-little faster in this case, because we already saw what happens If
-
-13
-00:00:34,410 --> 00:00:37,890
-we execute the first test case, we get to this point, we execute
-
-14
-00:00:37,890 --> 00:00:40,710
-this statement, and then we just jump to the end, as we
-
-15
-00:00:40,710 --> 00:00:44,020
-saw. Now we, if we execute the second test case, we do the
-
-16
-00:00:44,020 --> 00:00:46,740
-same, we get to the else statement, the condition for the if is
-
-17
-00:00:46,740 --> 00:00:50,770
-true, and therefore we execute this statement. And we never reached this point
-
-18
-00:00:50,770 --> 00:00:53,320
-for either of the test cases. So how can we express
-
-19
-00:00:53,320 --> 00:00:56,470
-this? In order to do that, I'm going to introduce a very useful
-
-20
-00:00:56,470 --> 00:01:00,450
-concept. The concept of control flow graphs. The control flow graphs
-
-21
-00:01:00,450 --> 00:01:03,310
-is just a representation for the code that is very convenient when
-
-22
-00:01:03,310 --> 00:01:06,030
-we run our reason about the code and its structure. And
-
-23
-00:01:06,030 --> 00:01:09,910
-it's a fairly simple one that represents statement with notes and the
-
-24
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-flow of control within the code with edges. So here's an
-
-25
-00:01:12,900 --> 00:01:16,180
-example of control flow graph for this code. There is the entry
-
-26
-00:01:16,180 --> 00:01:19,790
-point of the code right here, then our statement in which we
-
-27
-00:01:19,790 --> 00:01:23,320
-assign the result of A plus B to variable result. Our if
-
-28
-00:01:23,320 --> 00:01:25,720
-statement and as you can see the if statement it's got two
-
-29
-00:01:25,720 --> 00:01:28,930
-branches coming out of it, because based on the outcome of this
-
-30
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-predicate we will go one way or the other. In fact normally
-
-31
-00:01:32,376 --> 00:01:36,000
-what we do, we will label this edges accordingly. So for example,
-
-32
-00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:38,580
-here we will say that this is the label to be executed
-
-33
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-when the predicate is true. And this is the label that is executed
-
-34
-00:01:41,470 --> 00:01:44,120
-when the predicate is false. Now, at this point, similar
-
-35
-00:01:44,120 --> 00:01:47,080
-thing, statement five which corresponds with this one, we have another
-
-36
-00:01:47,080 --> 00:01:49,650
-if statement and if that statement is true, then we get
-
-37
-00:01:49,650 --> 00:01:51,830
-to this point and if it's false, we get to this
-
-38
-00:01:51,830 --> 00:01:54,370
-point. So as you can see, this graph represents my
-
-39
-00:01:54,370 --> 00:01:57,040
-code, in a much more intuitive way, because I can see
-
-40
-00:01:57,040 --> 00:02:00,650
-right away where the control flows, while I execute the code.
-
-41
-00:02:00,650 --> 00:02:01,730
-So we're going to use this
-
-42
-00:02:01,730 --> 00:02:04,430
-representation to introduce further coverage criteria.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/12 - Branch Coverage - lang_en_vs3.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/12 - Branch Coverage - lang_en_vs3.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index a1dedad..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/12 - Branch Coverage - lang_en_vs3.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,267 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,400 --> 00:00:03,780
-So now that we know what the CFG is, let's see how we can get into a count,
-
-2
-00:00:03,780 --> 00:00:07,860
-that else part, that is missing in our example code by introducing a new
-
-3
-00:00:07,860 --> 00:00:10,480
-kind of coverage. Branch coverage. As usual,
-
-4
-00:00:10,480 --> 00:00:13,550
-I'm going to describe branch coverage in terms of test requirements and
-
-5
-00:00:13,550 --> 00:00:17,100
-coverage measure. So starting from test requirements. The test requirement for
-
-6
-00:00:17,100 --> 00:00:21,080
-branch coverage are the branches in the program. In other words,
-
-7
-00:00:21,080 --> 00:00:25,240
-the goal of branch coverage is to execute all of the branches in the program.
-
-8
-00:00:25,240 --> 00:00:28,370
-The coverage measure is defined accordingly as the number of branches
-
-9
-00:00:28,370 --> 00:00:33,150
-executed by my test cases over the total number of branches in the program. And
-
-10
-00:00:33,150 --> 00:00:37,020
-let me remind you that branches are the outgoing edges from a decision point.
-
-11
-00:00:37,020 --> 00:00:40,410
-Therefore, an if statement, a switch statement, a while statement.
-
-12
-00:00:40,410 --> 00:00:44,400
-Any note in the c of g that has got more than one outgoing edge.
-
-13
-00:00:44,400 --> 00:00:48,170
-Those edges are called branches. So let's look at that using our example. So
-
-14
-00:00:48,170 --> 00:00:51,690
-now we're looking back at our printSum example. And in addition to the code,
-
-15
-00:00:51,690 --> 00:00:54,440
-I also want to represent the CFG for the program. So
-
-16
-00:00:54,440 --> 00:00:58,590
-let's start by looking at how many branches we have in our code. Which means how
-
-17
-00:00:58,590 --> 00:01:02,070
-many test requirements we have. And in this case there are two decision points.
-
-18
-00:01:02,070 --> 00:01:04,940
-The first one that corresponds to the first if, and the second one that
-
-19
-00:01:04,940 --> 00:01:10,100
-corresponds to the second if. So we have one, two, three, and four branches. So
-
-20
-00:01:10,100 --> 00:01:13,880
-now, let's bring back our current set of test cases. We had two test cases.
-
-21
-00:01:13,880 --> 00:01:17,440
-The one's that, with which we achieved a 100% statement coverage. And
-
-22
-00:01:17,440 --> 00:01:21,140
-let's see what happens in terms of branch coverage when we run these test cases.
-
-23
-00:01:21,140 --> 00:01:24,110
-I start from the first one, when we execute it, we follow the code,
-
-24
-00:01:24,110 --> 00:01:27,890
-we get to this decision point because the predicate in the if statement is true.
-
-25
-00:01:27,890 --> 00:01:30,770
-We follow the true branch, therefore we get here and then,
-
-26
-00:01:30,770 --> 00:01:34,970
-we exit from the program. So, in this case, we covered one of the branches,
-
-27
-00:01:34,970 --> 00:01:40,710
-which means that we got to 25% coverage. Now when we run the second test case,
-
-28
-00:01:40,710 --> 00:01:44,160
-again we follow this path. We get to this, the first if and
-
-29
-00:01:44,160 --> 00:01:47,730
-in this case the predicate of the if is false. Therefore, we go this way.
-
-30
-00:01:47,730 --> 00:01:51,160
-We reach the second predicate, the second if. The result is true, so
-
-31
-00:01:51,160 --> 00:01:55,490
-we follow the true branch and therefore, we cover these additional two branches.
-
-32
-00:01:55,490 --> 00:01:59,900
-So at this point, we are at 75% branch coverage. So what
-
-33
-00:01:59,900 --> 00:02:04,070
-happens is that we're missing this branch. For now, the inputs that we consider,
-
-34
-00:02:04,070 --> 00:02:07,740
-this branch is executed. Therefore, we need to add an additional test case. And
-
-35
-00:02:07,740 --> 00:02:11,600
-that this case that we need, is one for which this predicate is false and this
-
-36
-00:02:11,600 --> 00:02:15,680
-predicate is false. The simplest possibility in this case is the test case for
-
-37
-00:02:15,680 --> 00:02:20,170
-which A is equal to 0 and B is equal to 0. If we execute this test case,
-
-38
-00:02:20,170 --> 00:02:24,250
-our execution again followed this path, follows the fourth branch here.
-
-39
-00:02:24,250 --> 00:02:28,090
-And in this case, because result is not less than zero either, will follow
-
-40
-00:02:28,090 --> 00:02:33,090
-this branch as well. And therefore, we will reach our 100% branch coverage. And
-
-41
-00:02:33,090 --> 00:02:35,820
-this covered the problem. Something that I would like to clarify before we
-
-42
-00:02:35,820 --> 00:02:40,920
-move to the next topic, is that 100% coverage does not provide any guarantee of
-
-43
-00:02:40,920 --> 00:02:44,530
-finding the problems in the code. All we saw so far is the fact that by
-
-44
-00:02:44,530 --> 00:02:48,580
-testing more thoroughly we have more chances of finding a problem in the code.
-
-45
-00:02:48,580 --> 00:02:51,680
-But it doesn't matter which kind of coverage we utilize, and how much
-
-46
-00:02:51,680 --> 00:02:55,440
-coverage we achieve. There's always a chance that we might miss something. And
-
-47
-00:02:55,440 --> 00:02:59,760
-I will get back to this later on in the lesson. I just mentioned the fact that
-
-48
-00:02:59,760 --> 00:03:03,910
-we tested more fully when we went from statement coverage to branch coverage.
-
-49
-00:03:03,910 --> 00:03:06,900
-What does that mean exactly? To explain that, I'm going to introduce the concept
-
-50
-00:03:06,900 --> 00:03:11,420
-of test criteria subsumption. One test criteria subsumes another criteria when
-
-51
-00:03:11,420 --> 00:03:16,760
-all the tests widths that satisfy that criteria will also satisfy the other one.
-
-52
-00:03:16,760 --> 00:03:18,740
-So let me show you that with statement and
-
-53
-00:03:18,740 --> 00:03:23,220
-branch coverage. If we identify a test width that achieves 100% branch coverage,
-
-54
-00:03:23,220 --> 00:03:27,780
-the same test width will also achieve, necessarily, 100% statement coverage.
-
-55
-00:03:27,780 --> 00:03:31,290
-That's what happened for our example, and also what happens in general,
-
-56
-00:03:31,290 --> 00:03:35,660
-because branch coverage is a stronger criteria than statement coverage.
-
-57
-00:03:35,660 --> 00:03:39,670
-There is no way to cover all the branches without covering all the statements.
-
-58
-00:03:39,670 --> 00:03:43,480
-It is not true that any test results satisfies statement coverage will also
-
-59
-00:03:43,480 --> 00:03:47,040
-satisfy branch coverage. And, in fact, we just saw a counter example.
-
-60
-00:03:47,040 --> 00:03:50,569
-When we look at the printSum code. We had a test where there was achieving 100%
-
-61
-00:03:50,569 --> 00:03:53,910
-statement coverage and was not achieving 100% branch coverage. Therefore,
-
-62
-00:03:53,910 --> 00:03:58,301
-in this case we have a substantial relation in this direction. Branch coverage,
-
-63
-00:03:58,301 --> 00:04:02,860
-subsumes statement coverage. What it also means is that normally, or in general,
-
-64
-00:04:02,860 --> 00:04:06,910
-it is more expensive to achieve branch coverage than achieve statement coverage,
-
-65
-00:04:06,910 --> 00:04:09,490
-because achieving branch coverage requires the generation of
-
-66
-00:04:09,490 --> 00:04:13,770
-a larger number of test cases. So what this relation means is that
-
-67
-00:04:13,770 --> 00:04:17,779
-branch coverage is stronger than statement coverage but also more expensive.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/13 - Condition Coverage - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/13 - Condition Coverage - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index bba72fc..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/13 - Condition Coverage - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,470 --> 00:00:03,046
-What I'm going to do next is to introduce a few additional
-
-2
-00:00:03,046 --> 00:00:06,350
-coverage criteria using a slightly more complex example, but still a
-
-3
-00:00:06,350 --> 00:00:09,370
-pretty simple one. What I'm showing here is a program that
-
-4
-00:00:09,370 --> 00:00:12,145
-reads two real numbers, x and y. And then, if x
-
-5
-00:00:12,145 --> 00:00:15,148
-is equal to 0 or y is greater than 0, it
-
-6
-00:00:15,148 --> 00:00:19,360
-computes y as y divided by x. Otherwise, it computes x
-
-7
-00:00:19,360 --> 00:00:22,110
-as y plus 2, then it writes the value of x,
-
-8
-00:00:22,110 --> 00:00:25,730
-the value of y, and it terminates. Let's also introduce a CFG
-
-9
-00:00:25,730 --> 00:00:29,160
-for the program. As you can see, the CFG represents the statements
-
-10
-00:00:29,160 --> 00:00:31,900
-in the code and their control flow. And in this case, I made
-
-11
-00:00:31,900 --> 00:00:35,800
-explicit over the branches what are the conditions under which those branches
-
-12
-00:00:35,800 --> 00:00:38,530
-are taken to make it simpler to look at the example. Let's assume
-
-13
-00:00:38,530 --> 00:00:41,280
-that we have two tests for this code that are shown here.
-
-14
-00:00:41,280 --> 00:00:44,286
-For the first one, the inputs are 5 and 5. For the second
-
-15
-00:00:44,286 --> 00:00:47,610
-one, 5 and minus 5. If we consider branch coverage for this code
-
-16
-00:00:47,610 --> 00:00:50,990
-and we consider the two test cases, for the first one this condition
-
-17
-00:00:50,990 --> 00:00:53,440
-is true. Because x is not equal to 0 but y
-
-18
-00:00:53,440 --> 00:00:56,660
-is greater than 0. And therefore, we will follow this tree branch.
-
-19
-00:00:56,660 --> 00:00:59,640
-For the second one, the condition is false. Because x is not
-
-20
-00:00:59,640 --> 00:01:03,200
-equal to 0 and y is not greater than 0. Therefore, the
-
-21
-00:01:03,200 --> 00:01:05,990
-negation of it is true and we will follow this branch. In
-
-22
-00:01:05,990 --> 00:01:09,530
-other words, these two test cases achieve 100% branch coverage on this
-
-23
-00:01:09,530 --> 00:01:12,120
-code. If we look at the code though, we can see that
-
-24
-00:01:12,120 --> 00:01:15,879
-there is the possibility of making this code fail. Consider this statement,
-
-25
-00:01:15,879 --> 00:01:18,147
-if x is equal to 0, we could have a division
-
-26
-00:01:18,147 --> 00:01:21,710
-by 0. However, these two test cases, despite the fact that
-
-27
-00:01:21,710 --> 00:01:25,008
-they achieved 100% branch coverage, will not rebuild this problem. So
-
-28
-00:01:25,008 --> 00:01:27,564
-how can we be more thorough? I'll let you think about it
-
-29
-00:01:27,564 --> 00:01:29,964
-for a second, so think about how can we test more
-
-30
-00:01:29,964 --> 00:01:33,260
-thoroughly, in a more complete way, this code. So, in a way
-
-31
-00:01:33,260 --> 00:01:37,220
-that goes beyond branch coverage. And the answer is that we
-
-32
-00:01:37,220 --> 00:01:41,250
-can make each condition true and false. Instead of just considering the
-
-33
-00:01:41,250 --> 00:01:44,570
-whole predicate here. And that's exactly what is required by
-
-34
-00:01:44,570 --> 00:01:47,480
-the next criteria that we're going to consider which is condition
-
-35
-00:01:47,480 --> 00:01:49,880
-coverage. We're going to define it as usual in terms of
-
-36
-00:01:49,880 --> 00:01:53,070
-test requirements and coverage measure. In this case, the test
-
-37
-00:01:53,070 --> 00:01:57,540
-requirements for condition coverage are the individual conditions in the
-
-38
-00:01:57,540 --> 00:02:00,510
-program. So we want each condition in the program to
-
-39
-00:02:00,510 --> 00:02:03,900
-be both true and false first time execution. So the
-
-40
-00:02:03,900 --> 00:02:06,420
-way in which we can measure that is by measuring the
-
-41
-00:02:06,420 --> 00:02:09,150
-number of conditions that were both true and false
-
-42
-00:02:09,150 --> 00:02:11,580
-when we executed our tests over the total number
-
-43
-00:02:11,580 --> 00:02:14,180
-of conditions. And that gives us the percentage of
-
-44
-00:02:14,180 --> 00:02:17,270
-coverage that we achieved for condition coverage. Again, if you
-
-45
-00:02:17,270 --> 00:02:18,638
-want to look at this criteria in the form
-
-46
-00:02:18,638 --> 00:02:21,245
-of a question. The question would be, has each boolean
-
-47
-00:02:21,245 --> 00:02:25,480
-sub-expression, which means every condition in every predicate, evaluated
-
-48
-00:02:25,480 --> 00:02:28,010
-both to true and false when we run our tests.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/14 - Subsumption Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/14 - Subsumption Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index de78093..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/14 - Subsumption Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:02,220
-So now that we introduced an additional criterion,
-
-2
-00:00:02,220 --> 00:00:04,290
-let's have a quiz to see whether everybody
-
-3
-00:00:04,290 --> 00:00:06,410
-understood the concept of subsumption. We know that
-
-4
-00:00:06,410 --> 00:00:09,490
-branch coverage subsumes statement coverage, but what about condition
-
-5
-00:00:09,490 --> 00:00:12,230
-coverage? Does it subsume branch coverage? Is it
-
-6
-00:00:12,230 --> 00:00:13,720
-the case that all of the test which
-
-7
-00:00:13,720 --> 00:00:16,980
-satisfy condition coverage will also satisfy branch coverage?
-
-8
-00:00:16,980 --> 00:00:19,160
-Think about it, and answer either yes or no.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/15 - Subsumption Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/15 - Subsumption Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 87140c9..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/15 - Subsumption Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,170 --> 00:00:02,475
-In this case, the answer is no, and I'm
-
-2
-00:00:02,475 --> 00:00:04,650
-going to show you an example of this in a minute.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/16 - Branch and Condition Coverage - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/16 - Branch and Condition Coverage - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 143a534..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/16 - Branch and Condition Coverage - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,052 --> 00:00:03,407
-Let's go back to our test criteria subsumption representation, where
-
-2
-00:00:03,407 --> 00:00:06,770
-we already had branch coverage and statement coverage. In this case,
-
-3
-00:00:06,770 --> 00:00:09,350
-if we want to add condition coverage to this page, we
-
-4
-00:00:09,350 --> 00:00:12,050
-have to put it here on this side, with no relationship
-
-5
-00:00:12,050 --> 00:00:15,830
-of subsumption with either branch coverage or statement coverage, which
-
-6
-00:00:15,830 --> 00:00:19,270
-means that the criteria are not comparable. So now let's consider
-
-7
-00:00:19,270 --> 00:00:22,108
-again our last example, and let's use a different test
-
-8
-00:00:22,108 --> 00:00:25,060
-with this time. We still have two tests, but the first
-
-9
-00:00:25,060 --> 00:00:27,575
-one has x is equal to 0 and y is equal to minus
-
-10
-00:00:27,575 --> 00:00:30,370
-5. And the second one, x is equal to 5 and y is
-
-11
-00:00:30,370 --> 00:00:33,350
-equal to 5 as well. Let's see what happens in terms of condition
-
-12
-00:00:33,350 --> 00:00:36,740
-coverage, when we run these tests. If we look at the first condition, x
-
-13
-00:00:36,740 --> 00:00:39,820
-is equal to 0. It is both true, for the first test case,
-
-14
-00:00:39,820 --> 00:00:43,240
-and false for the second one. As for the second condition, y greater
-
-15
-00:00:43,240 --> 00:00:45,800
-than 0, it is false for the first test case and true for
-
-16
-00:00:45,800 --> 00:00:47,770
-the second one. Therefore we've achieved a
-
-17
-00:00:47,770 --> 00:00:50,400
-100% condition coverage with these two tests.
-
-18
-00:00:50,400 --> 00:00:54,020
-But what about branch coverage? If we consider the whole predicate,
-
-19
-00:00:54,020 --> 00:00:56,620
-instead of just the individual conditions, let's see what happens for the
-
-20
-00:00:56,620 --> 00:00:59,090
-two test cases. If we look at the first one, because
-
-21
-00:00:59,090 --> 00:01:02,200
-x is equal to 0, the overall predicate is true. As for
-
-22
-00:01:02,200 --> 00:01:05,750
-the second one, because the second condition is true, the overall
-
-23
-00:01:05,750 --> 00:01:09,110
-predicate is true. In other words, despite the fact that we're exercising
-
-24
-00:01:09,110 --> 00:01:12,520
-all the possible values for the two conditions, the overall predicate is
-
-25
-00:01:12,520 --> 00:01:16,540
-always true. And therefore, we're covering only one of the two branches.
-
-26
-00:01:16,540 --> 00:01:19,591
-So our coverage will be 50%. This is the reason
-
-27
-00:01:19,591 --> 00:01:22,231
-why normally the two criteria that we just saw, decision
-
-28
-00:01:22,231 --> 00:01:26,205
-coverage, and condition coverage are considered together. And the resulting
-
-29
-00:01:26,205 --> 00:01:30,320
-criterion is called branch and condition coverage, or also decision
-
-30
-00:01:30,320 --> 00:01:33,030
-and condition coverage. At this point the test requirements and
-
-31
-00:01:33,030 --> 00:01:35,590
-the coverage measure should be pretty straight forward, because they're
-
-32
-00:01:35,590 --> 00:01:38,120
-just considering the two criteria together. As far as the
-
-33
-00:01:38,120 --> 00:01:39,960
-requirements are concerned, they include
-
-34
-00:01:39,960 --> 00:01:41,880
-all the branches and individual conditions
-
-35
-00:01:41,880 --> 00:01:44,580
-in the program. Where as the coverage measure is computed
-
-36
-00:01:44,580 --> 00:01:49,180
-considering both coverage measures, both branch coverage and condition coverage.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/17 - Subsumption Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/17 - Subsumption Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 9d99495..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/17 - Subsumption Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,810
-Let's have another quick quiz about Subsumption. If we
-
-2
-00:00:02,810 --> 00:00:06,720
-consider Branch and Condition Coverage, does it subsume Branch Coverage,
-
-3
-00:00:06,720 --> 00:00:09,512
-and therefore Statement Coverage? Or in other words, does branch
-
-4
-00:00:09,512 --> 00:00:12,750
-and condition coverage imply branch coverage? Answer yes, or no.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/18 - Subsumption Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/18 - Subsumption Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index c836f04..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/18 - Subsumption Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:01,880
-In this case it should be clear that the
-
-2
-00:00:01,880 --> 00:00:05,640
-answer is yes, because branch and condition coverage actually includes
-
-3
-00:00:05,640 --> 00:00:08,580
-branch coverage. Therefore, by definition, any test rate that
-
-4
-00:00:08,580 --> 00:00:10,505
-satisfies branch and condition coverage
-
-5
-00:00:10,505 --> 00:00:12,664
-will necessarily satisfy branch coverage.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/19 - Test Criteria Subsumption - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/19 - Test Criteria Subsumption - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index f40ccdf..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/19 - Test Criteria Subsumption - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:03,400
-So we can now update our test criteria subsumption. We start
-
-2
-00:00:03,400 --> 00:00:06,700
-from this situation in which there are no relationship between condition
-
-3
-00:00:06,700 --> 00:00:09,650
-coverage, branch coverage and statement coverage. And when we add branch
-
-4
-00:00:09,650 --> 00:00:12,160
-and condition coverage, we can mark the fact that branch and
-
-5
-00:00:12,160 --> 00:00:14,470
-condition coverage subsumes branch coverage
-
-6
-00:00:14,470 --> 00:00:16,370
-and also subsumes condition coverage, for
-
-7
-00:00:16,370 --> 00:00:19,660
-the same reason. Therefore, this is a stronger criterion than both
-
-8
-00:00:19,660 --> 00:00:23,100
-branch coverage and condition coverage, and of course indirectly also soft
-
-9
-00:00:23,100 --> 00:00:25,330
-statement coverage. So once more, to make sure we are all
-
-10
-00:00:25,330 --> 00:00:29,255
-on the same page, if I develop a test rate that satisfies branch and condition
-
-11
-00:00:29,255 --> 00:00:31,380
-coverage, the same test will satisfy also
-
-12
-00:00:31,380 --> 00:00:35,210
-branch coverage, statement coverage and condition coverage, necessarily.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/2 - Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/2 - Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index c032d40..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/2 - Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,420 --> 00:00:03,860
-In the last lesson, we talked about black-box testing or functional testing,
-
-2
-00:00:03,860 --> 00:00:06,110
-which is the kind of testing that you perform when you just
-
-3
-00:00:06,110 --> 00:00:09,860
-look at the description of the software. Today we're going to cover white-box
-
-4
-00:00:09,860 --> 00:00:12,490
-testing, which is the kind of testing that we perform when we
-
-5
-00:00:12,490 --> 00:00:15,800
-open up the box. We look inside the program, and we actually
-
-6
-00:00:15,800 --> 00:00:19,490
-test it based on its code. And there is one basic assumption
-
-7
-00:00:19,490 --> 00:00:22,320
-behind the idea of white-box testing, which is a very intuitive one,
-
-8
-00:00:22,320 --> 00:00:26,080
-and the assumption is that executing the faulty statement is a necessary
-
-9
-00:00:26,080 --> 00:00:29,380
-condition for revealing a fault. In other words, if there is
-
-10
-00:00:29,380 --> 00:00:31,690
-a bug in the program there is no way were going to be
-
-11
-00:00:31,690 --> 00:00:34,490
-able to find this bug or this fault, if we don't execute
-
-12
-00:00:34,490 --> 00:00:37,110
-the statement that contains it. Which makes a lot of sense. As
-
-13
-00:00:37,110 --> 00:00:40,240
-we did for black-box testing, we're going to start by summarizing what
-
-14
-00:00:40,240 --> 00:00:43,650
-are the main advantages of white-box testing. The main advantage is that
-
-15
-00:00:43,650 --> 00:00:48,050
-it's based on the code, and as such, the quality of white-box
-
-16
-00:00:48,050 --> 00:00:51,760
-testing can be measured objectively. And what I mean here by objectively
-
-17
-00:00:51,760 --> 00:00:54,390
-is that if you think about black-box testing In many
-
-18
-00:00:54,390 --> 00:00:57,630
-cases, there were subjective decisions, there were had to be made
-
-19
-00:00:57,630 --> 00:01:00,830
-in order to define tests in a black-box fashion. In the
-
-20
-00:01:00,830 --> 00:01:03,990
-case of white-box testing, because everything is based on the quota,
-
-21
-00:01:03,990 --> 00:01:07,965
-we don't have to make such subjective decisions. And similarly, because
-
-22
-00:01:07,965 --> 00:01:10,680
-white-box testing is based on the code, it can be measured
-
-23
-00:01:10,680 --> 00:01:14,250
-automatically. So we can build tools and actually there are tools,
-
-24
-00:01:14,250 --> 00:01:16,860
-and there's plenty of tools, that can be measured, the level
-
-25
-00:01:16,860 --> 00:01:19,670
-of white-box testing can be achieved in a fully automated way.
-
-26
-00:01:19,670 --> 00:01:21,620
-And we're going to see some of them in the course of the
-
-27
-00:01:21,620 --> 00:01:24,600
-class. Another advantage of white-box testing is that it can be
-
-28
-00:01:24,600 --> 00:01:27,700
-used to compare test suites. So if you have two alternative sets
-
-29
-00:01:27,700 --> 00:01:30,270
-of tests that you can use to assess the quality of
-
-30
-00:01:30,270 --> 00:01:34,360
-your software, white-box testing techniques can tell you which one of these
-
-31
-00:01:34,360 --> 00:01:37,580
-two test suites is likely to be more effective in testing
-
-32
-00:01:37,580 --> 00:01:42,350
-your code. And finally, white-box testing allows for covering the coded behavior
-
-33
-00:01:42,350 --> 00:01:44,470
-of the software. What that means is that if there is
-
-34
-00:01:44,470 --> 00:01:47,680
-some mistake in the code and is not obvious by looking at
-
-35
-00:01:47,680 --> 00:01:50,300
-the specification of the code, white box testing might be able
-
-36
-00:01:50,300 --> 00:01:53,330
-to catch it, because it tries to exercise the code. There's many
-
-37
-00:01:53,330 --> 00:01:56,430
-different kinds of white box testing, there are control flow based
-
-38
-00:01:56,430 --> 00:02:00,550
-techniques, data flow based techniques, and fault based techniques. And for each
-
-39
-00:02:00,550 --> 00:02:04,030
-one of these family of techniques there are many variations. So
-
-40
-00:02:04,030 --> 00:02:07,450
-this field is very, very broad. In this lesson we will talk
-
-41
-00:02:07,450 --> 00:02:09,110
-about white-box testing by focusing
-
-42
-00:02:09,110 --> 00:02:11,910
-mainly on control-flow based testing techniques.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/20 - B&C Coverage Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/20 - B&C Coverage Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f5c9a1..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/20 - B&C Coverage Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,130 --> 00:00:02,969
-So let's have another quiz using the example that we just
-
-2
-00:00:02,969 --> 00:00:06,660
-used. This one is about achieving 100% branch and condition coverage. So
-
-3
-00:00:06,660 --> 00:00:08,850
-let me bring back the two tests cases that we just saw,
-
-4
-00:00:08,850 --> 00:00:11,420
-and as we saw a few minutes ago, these tests cases do
-
-5
-00:00:11,420 --> 00:00:15,540
-not achieve 100% branch and condition coverage despite the fact that they
-
-6
-00:00:15,540 --> 00:00:19,430
-achieve 100% condition coverage. So both conditions are both true and false,
-
-7
-00:00:19,430 --> 00:00:21,820
-for these test cases. So what I want you to do is
-
-8
-00:00:21,820 --> 00:00:25,630
-to add a test case, to achieve 100% branch and condition coverages.
-
-9
-00:00:25,630 --> 00:00:29,740
-So specify the test case by writing here the value for x, and the value for y.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/21 - B&C Coverage Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/21 - B&C Coverage Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 2b6fe4b..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/21 - B&C Coverage Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,190 --> 00:00:03,010
-Obviously there are many possible tests that we can use to
-
-2
-00:00:03,010 --> 00:00:05,910
-reach 100% branch and condition coverage. So I'm just going to show a
-
-3
-00:00:05,910 --> 00:00:08,740
-possible one, which is x equal to 3 and y is
-
-4
-00:00:08,740 --> 00:00:11,410
-equal to negative 2. If we specify this as case, you can
-
-5
-00:00:11,410 --> 00:00:14,900
-see that the overall condition is false, because neither x is
-
-6
-00:00:14,900 --> 00:00:17,990
-equal to 0 nor y is greater than 0. Therefore we will
-
-7
-00:00:17,990 --> 00:00:22,420
-follow the false, false branch, and achieve 100% branch and condition coverage
-
-8
-00:00:22,420 --> 00:00:25,400
-for this code. And we might require to be even more thorough,
-
-9
-00:00:25,400 --> 00:00:28,690
-that all the combinations of our conditions inside each
-
-10
-00:00:28,690 --> 00:00:31,790
-decision, inside each predicate, are tested. Which is what is
-
-11
-00:00:31,790 --> 00:00:36,010
-called, multiple condition coverage. But because of the way
-
-12
-00:00:36,010 --> 00:00:39,050
-this criterion is defined, it is combinatorial, becuse you have
-
-13
-00:00:39,050 --> 00:00:42,220
-to consider all the possible combinations of conditions. And
-
-14
-00:00:42,220 --> 00:00:45,210
-therefore it's extremely expensive, to the point of being impractical.
-
-15
-00:00:45,210 --> 00:00:47,610
-So instead of defining that criterion, we're going to find
-
-16
-00:00:47,610 --> 00:00:51,000
-another one which finds a good trade off between thoroughness
-
-17
-00:00:51,000 --> 00:00:52,815
-of the tests and their cost.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/22 - MC DC Coverage - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/22 - MC DC Coverage - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/22 - MC DC Coverage - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,307 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:03,880
-And this criterion is called Modified Condition/Decision Coverage,
-
-2
-00:00:03,880 --> 00:00:07,750
-also called MC/DC. This criterion is very important because
-
-3
-00:00:07,750 --> 00:00:10,330
-it is often required for safety critical applications.
-
-4
-00:00:10,330 --> 00:00:13,920
-For example, the FAA, the Federal Aviation Administration, requires
-
-5
-00:00:13,920 --> 00:00:15,980
-for all the software that runs on commercial
-
-6
-00:00:15,980 --> 00:00:19,420
-airplanes to be tested according to the Modified Condition/Decision
-
-7
-00:00:19,420 --> 00:00:22,015
-Coverage. So what is the key idea behind the
-
-8
-00:00:22,015 --> 00:00:25,270
-MC/DC criterion? It is to test only the important
-
-9
-00:00:25,270 --> 00:00:28,710
-combinations of conditions instead of all of them, and limit
-
-10
-00:00:28,710 --> 00:00:32,189
-the testing cost by excluding the other combinations. And the way
-
-11
-00:00:32,189 --> 00:00:34,950
-in which it works is by extending branch and decision
-
-12
-00:00:34,950 --> 00:00:38,860
-coverage with the requirement that each condition should affect the decision
-
-13
-00:00:38,860 --> 00:00:41,940
-outcome independently. So let's see what this means with an
-
-14
-00:00:41,940 --> 00:00:45,030
-example that will also show you how you can reduce the
-
-15
-00:00:45,030 --> 00:00:46,940
-number of combinations in this way. I am going to
-
-16
-00:00:46,940 --> 00:00:50,460
-show you an example of how MC/DC works using this predicate
-
-17
-00:00:50,460 --> 00:00:53,870
-which consists of three conditions. a, b, and c, which are all
-
-18
-00:00:53,870 --> 00:00:57,070
-in and, so the overall predicate is a and b and c.
-
-19
-00:00:57,070 --> 00:00:58,980
-The first thing I'm going to do is to show you how
-
-20
-00:00:58,980 --> 00:01:03,370
-many test cases we will need to satisfy the multiple condition coverage
-
-21
-00:01:03,370 --> 00:01:06,440
-for this simple predicate. Which means, how many test cases we will
-
-22
-00:01:06,440 --> 00:01:09,780
-need to test all the possible combinations of true and false values
-
-23
-00:01:09,780 --> 00:01:12,740
-for these conditions. So I'm going to populate this table. And as you
-
-24
-00:01:12,740 --> 00:01:15,870
-can see, at the end we have eight test cases. Each test case
-
-25
-00:01:15,870 --> 00:01:18,650
-tests a different combination of values for a, b, and c.
-
-26
-00:01:18,650 --> 00:01:21,200
-I'm also showing, for each test case, the outcome of the overall
-
-27
-00:01:21,200 --> 00:01:23,930
-predicate. So, for example, if we look at the first one, the
-
-28
-00:01:23,930 --> 00:01:27,200
-first test case, will be such that a is true, b is
-
-29
-00:01:27,200 --> 00:01:30,210
-true, and c is true. And therefore, the overall outcome of
-
-30
-00:01:30,210 --> 00:01:34,360
-the predicate is true. Now lets consider the first condition, a. As
-
-31
-00:01:34,360 --> 00:01:36,300
-I said a minute ago, what we want to test are the
-
-32
-00:01:36,300 --> 00:01:39,160
-important combination. Which are the comibatinos
-
-33
-00:01:39,160 --> 00:01:41,930
-in which a single condition independently
-
-34
-00:01:41,930 --> 00:01:45,610
-effects the outcome of the overall predicate. So if we consider a
-
-35
-00:01:45,610 --> 00:01:48,490
-and we look at this possible set of this cases. Let's try to
-
-36
-00:01:48,490 --> 00:01:51,850
-find two test cases such that the only difference between the two
-
-37
-00:01:51,850 --> 00:01:54,960
-test cases is the value of a, and the overall outcome of the
-
-38
-00:01:54,960 --> 00:01:57,790
-predicate is different. If we look at the table, we can see
-
-39
-00:01:57,790 --> 00:02:00,920
-that this is true for test cases one and five. If we look
-
-40
-00:02:00,920 --> 00:02:04,030
-at these two cases, we can see that the overall of the predicate
-
-41
-00:02:04,030 --> 00:02:07,420
-in the two cases is true and false, and that the only difference
-
-42
-00:02:07,420 --> 00:02:10,720
-between the value of the conditions in the value of a. So
-
-43
-00:02:10,720 --> 00:02:13,990
-these test cases satisfy exactly what we wanted. There are two test
-
-44
-00:02:13,990 --> 00:02:18,270
-cases in which the value of a independently decides the overall value
-
-45
-00:02:18,270 --> 00:02:21,380
-of the predicate. What we do, therefore, is to add these first
-
-46
-00:02:21,380 --> 00:02:24,740
-two test cases to our set of tests down here. Now let's
-
-47
-00:02:24,740 --> 00:02:27,520
-focus on b and let's try to find two test cases such
-
-48
-00:02:27,520 --> 00:02:30,280
-that the value of b is the only value that changes between
-
-49
-00:02:30,280 --> 00:02:32,450
-the two test cases, but the overall value of the predicate is
-
-50
-00:02:32,450 --> 00:02:34,980
-different, the same thing we did for a. And in this case,
-
-51
-00:02:34,980 --> 00:02:37,610
-we can see that if we select test case number one, and test
-
-52
-00:02:37,610 --> 00:02:40,420
-case number three, we have exactly that situation. b is true in the
-
-53
-00:02:40,420 --> 00:02:44,250
-first case, false in the second one, a and c don't change, but
-
-54
-00:02:44,250 --> 00:02:46,830
-the overall value of the predicate changes. And now you can notice
-
-55
-00:02:46,830 --> 00:02:50,720
-something else. That even though we selected two test cases, tested two values,
-
-56
-00:02:50,720 --> 00:02:53,950
-one we already had. So, we only need three test cases overall to
-
-57
-00:02:53,950 --> 00:02:57,730
-test a and b according to MC/DC. Now, let's look at our last
-
-58
-00:02:57,730 --> 00:03:00,510
-condition, c. At this point, we know the game, so we
-
-59
-00:03:00,510 --> 00:03:02,780
-just have to look for two test cases that satisfy our
-
-60
-00:03:02,780 --> 00:03:06,380
-requirements. And in this case, one and two are suitable candidates.
-
-61
-00:03:06,380 --> 00:03:08,820
-And once more, because we already have one, we just have to
-
-62
-00:03:08,820 --> 00:03:11,070
-add two to our list. So as you can see from
-
-63
-00:03:11,070 --> 00:03:14,730
-this example, we went from having eight test cases needed to cover
-
-64
-00:03:14,730 --> 00:03:18,600
-all the possible combinations of conditions to only four test cases
-
-65
-00:03:18,600 --> 00:03:22,880
-to satisfy the MC/DC criteria. So let's see where MC/DC stands in
-
-66
-00:03:22,880 --> 00:03:25,510
-our substantion hierarchy. This is what we had so far
-
-67
-00:03:25,510 --> 00:03:28,430
-in the hierarchy and this is where the MC/DC criterion will
-
-68
-00:03:28,430 --> 00:03:31,930
-stand. MC/DC criterion is stronger than branch and condition coverage.
-
-69
-00:03:31,930 --> 00:03:35,210
-Why? Because it requires every single condition to be true and
-
-70
-00:03:35,210 --> 00:03:38,400
-false. And therefore, this section was a condition coverage criteria.
-
-71
-00:03:38,400 --> 00:03:41,610
-And it also requires every predicate to be true and false
-
-72
-00:03:41,610 --> 00:03:44,425
-and therefore, this section is branch coverage. And in addition,
-
-73
-00:03:44,425 --> 00:03:47,790
-it's got the additional requirements that the true and false values,
-
-74
-00:03:47,790 --> 00:03:50,330
-all the conditions have to also decide the overall
-
-75
-00:03:50,330 --> 00:03:53,190
-value of the predicate. So it's stronger. Which is more
-
-76
-00:03:53,190 --> 00:03:56,130
-thorough than branch and condition coverage and, as usual,
-
-77
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-also stronger than branch coverage, statement coverage, and condition coverage.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/23 - Other Criteria - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/23 - Other Criteria - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 27bf0fe..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/23 - Other Criteria - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,275 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:02,900
-As I mentioned at the beginning of the class, there are many, many,
-
-2
-00:00:02,900 --> 00:00:06,150
-many, white box criteria. And we're not going to have time to cover them
-
-3
-00:00:06,150 --> 00:00:08,000
-all. So what I like to do now is just to give you
-
-4
-00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:11,290
-the flavor, of some other criteria by just mentioning them, and saying a
-
-5
-00:00:11,290 --> 00:00:13,740
-couple of things, about the way they work. And the first one I
-
-6
-00:00:13,740 --> 00:00:15,370
-want to mention is path coverage. And
-
-7
-00:00:15,370 --> 00:00:17,800
-in path coverage, the test requirements are
-
-8
-00:00:17,800 --> 00:00:21,220
-all the paths in the program. So what that means is that to
-
-9
-00:00:21,220 --> 00:00:25,250
-satisfy this criteria, we need to generate enough test cases such that all
-
-10
-00:00:25,250 --> 00:00:27,230
-the paths in my program are covered. As you can
-
-11
-00:00:27,230 --> 00:00:31,970
-imagine this is incredibly expensive because any nontrivial program has got
-
-12
-00:00:31,970 --> 00:00:34,280
-a virtual infinite number of paths and therefore we will
-
-13
-00:00:34,280 --> 00:00:36,910
-need a virtual infinite number of test cases to satisfy the
-
-14
-00:00:36,910 --> 00:00:39,950
-path coverage criteria. Another family of criteria I want to mention
-
-15
-00:00:39,950 --> 00:00:43,970
-are data-flow coverage criteria and in data-flow coverage criteria, the focus
-
-16
-00:00:43,970 --> 00:00:47,480
-shifts from the coverage of individual elements in the code to
-
-17
-00:00:47,480 --> 00:00:50,320
-the coverage of pairs of elements. And in particular the coverage
-
-18
-00:00:50,320 --> 00:00:53,770
-of Statements, in which the content of some memory locations
-
-19
-00:00:53,770 --> 00:00:56,920
-modified, and statements in which the content of the same
-
-20
-00:00:56,920 --> 00:00:59,860
-memory location is used. So in this way, our test
-
-21
-00:00:59,860 --> 00:01:03,030
-will exercise the assignments of values to memory, and the
-
-22
-00:01:03,030 --> 00:01:06,020
-usage of those assignments,. Finally, I want to mention mutation
-
-23
-00:01:06,020 --> 00:01:09,150
-coverage. And this is a fairly different and new idea,
-
-24
-00:01:09,150 --> 00:01:11,910
-so the key concept in mutation coverage is that we
-
-25
-00:01:11,910 --> 00:01:16,156
-want to evaluate the goodness of our test by modifying the code.
-
-26
-00:01:16,156 --> 00:01:18,704
-For example here in this small I'm, I'm showing that I might
-
-27
-00:01:18,704 --> 00:01:21,820
-change it. An if statement from K greater than 9, to K
-
-28
-00:01:21,820 --> 00:01:24,310
-greater than or equal to 9. And the reason why I want to
-
-29
-00:01:24,310 --> 00:01:27,750
-do that, is that if I generate enough mutants, enough variation of
-
-30
-00:01:27,750 --> 00:01:30,340
-my program, then I can use them to assess how good are
-
-31
-00:01:30,340 --> 00:01:34,330
-my tests at distinguishing the original program and the mutants. And because
-
-32
-00:01:34,330 --> 00:01:37,430
-I'm changing the code based on the way I expect to introduce
-
-33
-00:01:37,430 --> 00:01:41,370
-errors in the code, the more my test can identify mutants, the better
-
-34
-00:01:41,370 --> 00:01:44,140
-they are at identifying real faults. This is a very high
-
-35
-00:01:44,140 --> 00:01:46,470
-level [UNKNOWN], but just to give you the intuition and the idea
-
-36
-00:01:46,470 --> 00:01:50,210
-behind these criteria, and I'm going to provide as usual, additional pointers
-
-37
-00:01:50,210 --> 00:01:52,930
-to go in more depth on these topics in the notes of
-
-38
-00:01:52,930 --> 00:01:55,170
-the class. So now, let's go back to our test criteria
-
-39
-00:01:55,170 --> 00:01:59,310
-subsumption hierarchy, and see how all of these criteria fit together in
-
-40
-00:01:59,310 --> 00:02:02,663
-this context. Let me start with multiple condition coverage. As we saw,
-
-41
-00:02:02,663 --> 00:02:06,740
-MC/DC is sort of as [UNKNOWN] way of doing multiple condition coverage
-
-42
-00:02:06,740 --> 00:02:09,229
-in the sense that it doesn't consider all the combinations,
-
-43
-00:02:09,229 --> 00:02:11,460
-but only the ones that are more likely to matter.
-
-44
-00:02:11,460 --> 00:02:14,930
-And as such, MC/DC exercises a subset of the elements
-
-45
-00:02:14,930 --> 00:02:16,220
-of the multiple condition coverage
-
-46
-00:02:16,220 --> 00:02:18,760
-exercises. And therefore, multiple condition coverage
-
-47
-00:02:18,760 --> 00:02:22,060
-is more thorough than MC/DC and subsumption, and it's also
-
-48
-00:02:22,060 --> 00:02:26,300
-as we saw incredibly more expensive. Path coverage subsumes branch coverage,
-
-49
-00:02:26,300 --> 00:02:28,090
-because if I cover all of the paths in the
-
-50
-00:02:28,090 --> 00:02:32,140
-code, I necessarily cover all the branches. However, it doesn't subsume
-
-51
-00:02:32,140 --> 00:02:34,130
-multiple condition coverage, MC/CD, or
-
-52
-00:02:34,130 --> 00:02:35,910
-branch and condition coverage. Because this
-
-53
-00:02:35,910 --> 00:02:38,590
-criteria, have additional requirements involving
-
-54
-00:02:38,590 --> 00:02:39,940
-the conditions of the predicate that
-
-55
-00:02:39,940 --> 00:02:42,730
-path coverage does not have. As for data-flow coverage criteria and
-
-56
-00:02:42,730 --> 00:02:45,010
-mutation coverage criteria, there really no
-
-57
-00:02:45,010 --> 00:02:46,860
-relation with the other criteria, because
-
-58
-00:02:46,860 --> 00:02:49,710
-they look at different aspects, of the code. So they're not
-
-59
-00:02:49,710 --> 00:02:52,220
-really comparable, and therefore we're just going to put them on the
-
-60
-00:02:52,220 --> 00:02:55,000
-side, without any relationship with the other ones. The reason why
-
-61
-00:02:55,000 --> 00:02:57,300
-I want to represent them all anyways is because I want to make
-
-62
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-an important distinction between these different criteria. And
-
-63
-00:02:59,950 --> 00:03:02,690
-that's the distinction between practical criteria, which are
-
-64
-00:03:02,690 --> 00:03:05,490
-criteria that are actually not too expansive to
-
-65
-00:03:05,490 --> 00:03:08,790
-be used in real scenarios. And theoretical criteria, which
-
-66
-00:03:08,790 --> 00:03:11,590
-are criteria that are useful in theory from
-
-67
-00:03:11,590 --> 00:03:14,140
-the conceptual standpoint, but they're not really applicable
-
-68
-00:03:14,140 --> 00:03:16,540
-in practice because they're too expansive, because they
-
-69
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-require basically too many test cases to be satisfied.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/24 - Review Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/24 - Review Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 3f1d6ee..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/24 - Review Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:04,260
-White box testing, in general, and coverage criteria in particular, involve some
-
-2
-00:00:04,260 --> 00:00:07,550
-subtle concepts, so before I conclude this lesson, I want to have a
-
-3
-00:00:07,550 --> 00:00:10,960
-few more quizzes to make sure that we all understand these concepts.
-
-4
-00:00:10,960 --> 00:00:13,610
-The first one involves a very simple piece of code, a straight line
-
-5
-00:00:13,610 --> 00:00:16,540
-of code, three statements, in which we simply read an integer and
-
-6
-00:00:16,540 --> 00:00:20,180
-then prints 10 divided by the value of that integer minus 3. Now,
-
-7
-00:00:20,180 --> 00:00:22,250
-let's imagine that we have a test where there consists of three
-
-8
-00:00:22,250 --> 00:00:25,250
-test cases for this code, and what I'm showing in the test cases
-
-9
-00:00:25,250 --> 00:00:28,580
-is the input and the expected output. So for the first one,
-
-10
-00:00:28,580 --> 00:00:31,280
-the input is 1, and I expect the output to be minus 5.
-
-11
-00:00:31,280 --> 00:00:34,480
-For the second one, the input is minus 1, I'm expecting to
-
-12
-00:00:34,480 --> 00:00:37,120
-have 2.5. And for the third one, the input is 0, and I'm
-
-13
-00:00:37,120 --> 00:00:42,440
-expecting to have minus 3.3333 as the result. Now the first question
-
-14
-00:00:42,440 --> 00:00:45,180
-I want to ask, is if we considered this test suite, and we
-
-15
-00:00:45,180 --> 00:00:48,050
-run it on the code, does it achieve path coverage? And remember
-
-16
-00:00:48,050 --> 00:00:50,960
-that path coverage is one of the strongest coverage criteria that we saw.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/25 - Review Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/25 - Review Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 19d1177..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/25 - Review Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:04,040
-And the answer in this case is clearly yes. In fact, any input will really
-
-2
-00:00:04,040 --> 00:00:07,430
-achieve path coverage for this code because there is only one path in the code.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/26 - Review Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/26 - Review Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index a07e712..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/26 - Review Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,108 --> 00:00:03,890
-But now want to ask a different question which is, does this test reveal
-
-2
-00:00:03,890 --> 00:00:07,760
-the fault at line three? Clearly, here there is a possible problem, because
-
-3
-00:00:07,760 --> 00:00:10,440
-if we pass the right input, we can have a division by zero.
-
-4
-00:00:10,440 --> 00:00:13,760
-Is that revealed if we run this test within the code? Yes or no?
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/27 - Review Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/27 - Review Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 9945694..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/27 - Review Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,340 --> 00:00:03,581
-And the answer is no. So even path coverage's stronger criteria
-
-2
-00:00:03,581 --> 00:00:06,376
-that we saw is not enough to reveal this problem. And why
-
-3
-00:00:06,376 --> 00:00:08,526
-is that? So let me go back to a concept that
-
-4
-00:00:08,526 --> 00:00:12,491
-I mentioned in a previous lesson, the cost of exhaustive testing. Exhaustive
-
-5
-00:00:12,491 --> 00:00:15,236
-testing is really the only way in which we can exercise
-
-6
-00:00:15,236 --> 00:00:18,230
-all of the possible behaviors of a program. So we can say
-
-7
-00:00:18,230 --> 00:00:21,884
-even though it might sound like topology, that only exhaustive testing is
-
-8
-00:00:21,884 --> 00:00:25,710
-exhausted. All the coverage criteria that we saw are just process and
-
-9
-00:00:25,710 --> 00:00:30,900
-just approximation of a complete test. So test is a best effort kind
-
-10
-00:00:30,900 --> 00:00:33,180
-of activity. Coverage criteria help you assess
-
-11
-00:00:33,180 --> 00:00:35,430
-how well you tested but once more,
-
-12
-00:00:35,430 --> 00:00:40,060
-test can only reveal issues, can only reveal problems. You can never show the
-
-13
-00:00:40,060 --> 00:00:42,530
-absence of problems. And that's something is
-
-14
-00:00:42,530 --> 00:00:44,377
-important to remember when we do testing.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/28 - Review Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/28 - Review Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index d6dd40a..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/28 - Review Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,290 --> 00:00:03,220
-Now let's do another quiz considering a slightly different piece
-
-2
-00:00:03,220 --> 00:00:05,050
-of code. In this case we have five layers of
-
-3
-00:00:05,050 --> 00:00:08,684
-code. We have a variable i, a variable j. Variable
-
-4
-00:00:08,684 --> 00:00:11,620
-j is read from the input. And then based on
-
-5
-00:00:11,620 --> 00:00:14,500
-this predicate, we either print the value of i or
-
-6
-00:00:14,500 --> 00:00:16,850
-simply exit. And what I want to know from you is
-
-7
-00:00:16,850 --> 00:00:19,990
-whether you can create a test suite to achieve statement
-
-8
-00:00:19,990 --> 00:00:22,660
-coverage for this simple piece of code. Yes or no?
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/29 - Review Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/29 - Review Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/29 - Review Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,230 --> 00:00:02,520
-And the answer in this case is no. And
-
-2
-00:00:02,520 --> 00:00:05,480
-the reason for this is because this code is
-
-3
-00:00:05,480 --> 00:00:08,950
-unreachable. This is dead code because no matter the
-
-4
-00:00:08,950 --> 00:00:12,560
-value of j, this condition will always be false because
-
-5
-00:00:12,560 --> 00:00:14,770
-i will always be 0. And notice that this
-
-6
-00:00:14,770 --> 00:00:17,670
-is a small example, but another important truth is
-
-7
-00:00:17,670 --> 00:00:22,520
-that any non-trivial program contains dead or unreachable code,
-
-8
-00:00:22,520 --> 00:00:25,610
-code that no matter how well we test our system,
-
-9
-00:00:25,610 --> 00:00:28,450
-we will never be able to exercise. Why is that? Various
-
-10
-00:00:28,450 --> 00:00:31,030
-reasons. For example, defensive programming or,
-
-11
-00:00:31,030 --> 00:00:33,600
-for example, developing for future releases.
-
-12
-00:00:33,600 --> 00:00:36,320
-So there might be pieces of code that are added, but they're
-
-13
-00:00:36,320 --> 00:00:39,380
-still not activated. They're still not invoked by any other part of
-
-14
-00:00:39,380 --> 00:00:41,970
-the code because of modifications to the code. There are some
-
-15
-00:00:41,970 --> 00:00:44,480
-parts that were executed before and in the new version of the
-
-16
-00:00:44,480 --> 00:00:47,915
-program, they are no longer exercised. They are no longer executable. But
-
-17
-00:00:47,915 --> 00:00:50,760
-they still remain in the code base. And this is a very,
-
-18
-00:00:50,760 --> 00:00:54,560
-very normal situation for this reason and many more. And this is
-
-19
-00:00:54,560 --> 00:00:56,790
-an important concept because this affects
-
-20
-00:00:56,790 --> 00:00:58,760
-the very meaning of coverage measures. If
-
-21
-00:00:58,760 --> 00:01:01,225
-there is some unreachable code, we will never be able to reach
-
-22
-00:01:01,225 --> 00:01:04,709
-100% code coverage. And in fact, if you remember, at the beginning of
-
-23
-00:01:04,709 --> 00:01:07,380
-the lesson, we discussed this concept and asked you why you think
-
-24
-00:01:07,380 --> 00:01:10,470
-that, in the industry, the target for coverage is not 100% but less
-
-25
-00:01:10,470 --> 00:01:12,850
-that that. And that's the answer, to account for the fact that there
-
-26
-00:01:12,850 --> 00:01:15,890
-are infeasibility problems that I have to take into account when I test
-
-27
-00:01:15,890 --> 00:01:19,920
-the code, infeasible paths, unexecutable statements, conditions that can never
-
-28
-00:01:19,920 --> 00:01:22,780
-be true, and so on. So most criteria, if not
-
-29
-00:01:22,780 --> 00:01:24,620
-all, are affected, and we need to take that into
-
-30
-00:01:24,620 --> 00:01:27,270
-account when we try to achieve a given coverage target.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/3 - Coverage Criteria Intro - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/3 - Coverage Criteria Intro - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index b1a38a7..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/3 - Coverage Criteria Intro - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,171 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,320 --> 00:00:04,059
-So let's start our lesson on white docs testing by considering again the
-
-2
-00:00:04,059 --> 00:00:07,470
-program PrintSum. If you remember, this is the same program that we used when
-
-3
-00:00:07,470 --> 00:00:10,300
-we were talking about black box testing. It's the program that takes two
-
-4
-00:00:10,300 --> 00:00:14,050
-integers, A and B, and produces, as a result, the sum of the two.
-
-5
-00:00:14,050 --> 00:00:16,570
-And when we were looking at this problem in the context of black
-
-6
-00:00:16,570 --> 00:00:17,760
-box testing, we did not look at
-
-7
-00:00:17,760 --> 00:00:19,700
-implementation. But that's exactly what we're going to
-
-8
-00:00:19,700 --> 00:00:22,090
-do now. So we're going to open the box and look at how the
-
-9
-00:00:22,090 --> 00:00:25,700
-code is implemented. And as you can see, the programmer was kind of creative.
-
-10
-00:00:25,700 --> 00:00:28,670
-Because instead of just adding the two numbers and printing them, he
-
-11
-00:00:28,670 --> 00:00:32,080
-or she also decided to print them in a specific color depending
-
-12
-00:00:32,080 --> 00:00:36,840
-on whether they were positive numbers or negative numbers. So positive results
-
-13
-00:00:36,840 --> 00:00:40,040
-are printed in red and negative results are printed in blue. And as
-
-14
-00:00:40,040 --> 00:00:41,970
-you can see by looking at the code we can see some
-
-15
-00:00:41,970 --> 00:00:45,150
-interesting cases that we might want to test. For instance you can
-
-16
-00:00:45,150 --> 00:00:48,190
-see that there are two decisions made here. So we might decide
-
-17
-00:00:48,190 --> 00:00:51,100
-that this is an interesting case and therefore we want to test it.
-
-18
-00:00:51,100 --> 00:00:53,770
-Similarly we might look at this other case and we might
-
-19
-00:00:53,770 --> 00:00:56,465
-also decide that this is another interesting case and therefore we
-
-20
-00:00:56,465 --> 00:00:58,970
-want to test this one as well. So let's discuss this
-
-21
-00:00:58,970 --> 00:01:01,480
-in a slightly more formal way by introducing the concept of
-
-22
-00:01:01,480 --> 00:01:05,110
-coverage criteria which are really the essence of why box testing.
-
-23
-00:01:05,110 --> 00:01:08,930
-First of all coverage criteria are defined in terms of test
-
-24
-00:01:08,930 --> 00:01:13,460
-requirements where test requirements are the elements, the entities in the
-
-25
-00:01:13,460 --> 00:01:16,250
-code that we need to exercise. That we need to execute
-
-26
-00:01:16,250 --> 00:01:18,690
-in order to satisfy the criteria. And we'll see plenty
-
-27
-00:01:18,690 --> 00:01:21,430
-of examples of that. And normally, when I apply a coverage
-
-28
-00:01:21,430 --> 00:01:24,810
-criterion, my result is a set of test specifications. And we
-
-29
-00:01:24,810 --> 00:01:26,540
-already saw test specifications. Those
-
-30
-00:01:26,540 --> 00:01:29,540
-are basically descriptions, specifications, of how
-
-31
-00:01:29,540 --> 00:01:32,786
-the tests should be in order to satisfy the requirements. And
-
-32
-00:01:32,786 --> 00:01:36,210
-they also result in actual test cases, which are instantiations of
-
-33
-00:01:36,210 --> 00:01:39,470
-the test specifications. And again this is exactly analogous to what
-
-34
-00:01:39,470 --> 00:01:41,830
-we saw when we were talking about the black box testing.
-
-35
-00:01:41,830 --> 00:01:43,960
-So let's see what this means by going back to our
-
-36
-00:01:43,960 --> 00:01:46,680
-example. A minute ago, we looked at the print sum code
-
-37
-00:01:46,680 --> 00:01:50,000
-and we identified two interesting cases for our code. And those
-
-38
-00:01:50,000 --> 00:01:53,430
-are exactly our test requirements. So we have a first test
-
-39
-00:01:53,430 --> 00:01:57,840
-requirement here, which is the execution of this particular statement and
-
-40
-00:01:57,840 --> 00:02:01,500
-a second requirement here and this one corresponds to the execution
-
-41
-00:02:01,500 --> 00:02:04,580
-of this other statement. So for this example there are two
-
-42
-00:02:04,580 --> 00:02:06,920
-things that we need to do in order to satisfy our
-
-43
-00:02:06,920 --> 00:02:10,100
-coverage requirements. Execute this statement and execute this statement.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/30 - Summary - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/30 - Summary - lang_en_vs4.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/30 - Summary - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,190 --> 00:00:02,800
-Now let me conclude the lesson by summarizing a few important
-
-2
-00:00:02,800 --> 00:00:06,840
-aspects of white-box testing. The first important aspect is that white-box
-
-3
-00:00:06,840 --> 00:00:09,770
-testing works on a formal model. The code itself are models
-
-4
-00:00:09,770 --> 00:00:12,430
-derived from the code. So when we do white-box testing, we
-
-5
-00:00:12,430 --> 00:00:15,160
-don't need to make subjective decision, for example, on the level
-
-6
-00:00:15,160 --> 00:00:18,890
-of obstruction of our models. Normally, we simply represent what's there.
-
-7
-00:00:18,890 --> 00:00:22,010
-And so what we will obtain are objective, results and objective
-
-8
-00:00:22,010 --> 00:00:25,400
-measures. As I also said at the beginning, coverage criteria allows
-
-9
-00:00:25,400 --> 00:00:28,790
-us to compare different test suites, different sets of tests,
-
-10
-00:00:28,790 --> 00:00:31,780
-because I can measure the coverage achieved by one test suite
-
-11
-00:00:31,780 --> 00:00:34,280
-and by the other, and then decide which one to use
-
-12
-00:00:34,280 --> 00:00:37,400
-based on this measure. And again, remember, these measures aren't perfect,
-
-13
-00:00:37,400 --> 00:00:40,700
-but they at least give you an objective number, an objective
-
-14
-00:00:40,700 --> 00:00:44,470
-measure of the likely effectiveness of your tests. So even though
-
-15
-00:00:44,470 --> 00:00:48,130
-achieving 100% coverage does not mean that you identify all the
-
-16
-00:00:48,130 --> 00:00:50,710
-problems in the code for sure. If your level of coverage
-
-17
-00:00:50,710 --> 00:00:53,700
-is 10%, for example, for stemen coverage. That means that
-
-18
-00:00:53,700 --> 00:00:57,360
-you haven't exercised 90% of your code, and therefore the trouble
-
-19
-00:00:57,360 --> 00:01:00,565
-is in a piece of software that is inadequately tested
-
-20
-00:01:00,565 --> 00:01:03,600
-and likely to be of inadequate quality. We also saw that
-
-21
-00:01:03,600 --> 00:01:07,370
-there are two broad classes of coverage criteria, practical criteria
-
-22
-00:01:07,370 --> 00:01:10,430
-that we can actually use, and theoretical criteria that are interesting
-
-23
-00:01:10,430 --> 00:01:13,410
-from a conceptual standpoint, but that they are totally impractical.
-
-24
-00:01:13,410 --> 00:01:16,170
-They are too expensive to be used on real world software.
-
-25
-00:01:16,170 --> 00:01:18,350
-And finally, as we also said at the beginning,
-
-26
-00:01:18,350 --> 00:01:20,820
-one of the great things about white box testing and
-
-27
-00:01:20,820 --> 00:01:23,910
-coverage criteria, is that they are fully automatable. There are
-
-28
-00:01:23,910 --> 00:01:27,380
-tools that can take your code, instrument it automatically. And
-
-29
-00:01:27,380 --> 00:01:29,050
-when you run your test cases, they will tell
-
-30
-00:01:29,050 --> 00:01:31,330
-you, what is the level of coverage that you achieve
-
-31
-00:01:31,330 --> 00:01:34,410
-with your test at no cost for you. So there's
-
-32
-00:01:34,410 --> 00:01:36,763
-really no reason not to measure coverage of your code.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/4 - Coverage Criteria Intro Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/4 - Coverage Criteria Intro Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 2adce93..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/4 - Coverage Criteria Intro Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,620 --> 00:00:03,310
-Now let's see if we are all on the same page
-
-2
-00:00:03,310 --> 00:00:07,180
-on the concept of testing specifications, and we're going to do that through
-
-3
-00:00:07,180 --> 00:00:09,280
-a quiz. What I would like for you to do is to
-
-4
-00:00:09,280 --> 00:00:12,830
-tell me, what are some possible test specifications that will satisfy the
-
-5
-00:00:12,830 --> 00:00:15,380
-requirements that we just saw? And I want you to express this
-
-6
-00:00:15,380 --> 00:00:17,270
-specification in terms of constraints on
-
-7
-00:00:17,270 --> 00:00:19,166
-the inputs. Which means, what constraints
-
-8
-00:00:19,166 --> 00:00:23,130
-should the input satisfy in order for this statement to be executed,
-
-9
-00:00:23,130 --> 00:00:26,210
-and this statement to be executed, and you can write your answer
-
-10
-00:00:26,210 --> 00:00:27,510
-here in these two slots.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/5 - Coverage Criteria Intro Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/5 - Coverage Criteria Intro Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 2a1ff16..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/5 - Coverage Criteria Intro Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:02,560
-To satisfy our first requirements, we need to find an
-
-2
-00:00:02,560 --> 00:00:06,300
-input that causes the execution of this statement. Because this statement
-
-3
-00:00:06,300 --> 00:00:09,080
-is executed only when result is greater than zero, our
-
-4
-00:00:09,080 --> 00:00:12,815
-test requirement is that a plus b must be greater than
-
-5
-00:00:12,815 --> 00:00:16,219
-0. When this is satisfied, this statement is executed therefore
-
-6
-00:00:16,219 --> 00:00:19,960
-any test case that implements this specification will cause the execution
-
-7
-00:00:19,960 --> 00:00:22,770
-of this statement. Similarly if we want to cover this statement
-
-8
-00:00:22,770 --> 00:00:25,220
-which is our second requirement we need to have a result
-
-9
-00:00:25,220 --> 00:00:27,370
-that is less than 0. Again, the result is equal
-
-10
-00:00:27,370 --> 00:00:29,490
-to a plus b, so all we need to do
-
-11
-00:00:29,490 --> 00:00:32,450
-is find the test case such that a plus b
-
-12
-00:00:32,450 --> 00:00:34,700
-is less than 0. So this is pretty straight forward.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/6 - Coverage Criteria Intro Quiz - lang_en_vs3.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/6 - Coverage Criteria Intro Quiz - lang_en_vs3.srt
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index 42b5720..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/6 - Coverage Criteria Intro Quiz - lang_en_vs3.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,220 --> 00:00:03,780
-So, now that we have our test specifications. Test specification number one that
-
-2
-00:00:03,780 --> 00:00:06,740
-says that a plus b must be greater than zero. And test specification
-
-3
-00:00:06,740 --> 00:00:09,990
-number two, for which a plus b must be less than zero. I'd
-
-4
-00:00:09,990 --> 00:00:12,580
-like to do another small quiz and ask you to write some test
-
-5
-00:00:12,580 --> 00:00:16,440
-cases that will implement these specifications. And I want you to write the
-
-6
-00:00:16,440 --> 00:00:19,780
-test cases in this format. I want you to specify for each one
-
-7
-00:00:19,780 --> 00:00:22,300
-of the test cases, what is the value of a that you need
-
-8
-00:00:22,300 --> 00:00:25,160
-to use. What is the value of b that you need to use.
-
-9
-00:00:25,160 --> 00:00:28,200
-And since a test case, I like to remind you, is
-
-10
-00:00:28,200 --> 00:00:30,960
-not just a set of inputs. But is the set of
-
-11
-00:00:30,960 --> 00:00:34,050
-inputs plus expected output? I also want you to specify, what
-
-12
-00:00:34,050 --> 00:00:37,040
-is the expected output for these test cases? And in particular,
-
-13
-00:00:37,040 --> 00:00:39,540
-since we have two characteristics of the output, one is the
-
-14
-00:00:39,540 --> 00:00:41,630
-color of the output and the other one is the actual
-
-15
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-value. I want you to specify for each test case, what
-
-16
-00:00:44,040 --> 00:00:46,790
-is the expected output color and what is the expected value?
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/7 - Coverage Criteria Intro Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/7 - Coverage Criteria Intro Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/7 - Coverage Criteria Intro Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,090 --> 00:00:02,360
-In this case like in many other cases, there's not just a
-
-2
-00:00:02,360 --> 00:00:05,550
-single right answer because you can build many test cases that will
-
-3
-00:00:05,550 --> 00:00:09,730
-satisfy this test specification. So for example, we could pick value 3
-
-4
-00:00:09,730 --> 00:00:13,640
-for a and value 9 for b. Those satisfy the specification because a
-
-5
-00:00:13,640 --> 00:00:16,400
-plus b is equal to 12 and therefore is greater than 0,
-
-6
-00:00:16,400 --> 00:00:19,470
-and therefore this is a test case that implements this test specification.
-
-7
-00:00:19,470 --> 00:00:21,960
-And in terms of results, what we expect to see is in
-
-8
-00:00:21,960 --> 00:00:25,200
-the case of a result greater than 0, the caller should be red,
-
-9
-00:00:25,200 --> 00:00:28,109
-and the upper value should be 12. And obviously for this test
-
-10
-00:00:28,109 --> 00:00:30,971
-specification, we just need to pick two inputs such that the sum
-
-11
-00:00:30,971 --> 00:00:33,674
-of the two inputs is less than 0. So for example, we
-
-12
-00:00:33,674 --> 00:00:37,125
-could pick minus 5 and minus 8. The output color in this
-
-13
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-case is going to be blue, and the output value is going to be
-
-14
-00:00:40,230 --> 00:00:43,780
-minus 13. So, what we just saw is basically how we can
-
-15
-00:00:43,780 --> 00:00:47,060
-go from a piece of code to a set of requirements, which
-
-16
-00:00:47,060 --> 00:00:50,260
-are the interesting aspects of the code that we want to exercise. How we
-
-17
-00:00:50,260 --> 00:00:52,800
-can satisfy the requirements by finding
-
-18
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-the right test specifications, and then how
-
-19
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-we can initiate the test specifications into actual test cases. And this is
-
-20
-00:00:58,450 --> 00:01:01,010
-what we will do in general when doing white books testing. And we'll
-
-21
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-do things likely different way, depending on
-
-22
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-the specific criteria that we are considering.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/8 - Statement Coverage - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/8 - Statement Coverage - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 23cfb0a..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/8 - Statement Coverage - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,291 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,270 --> 00:00:03,080
-Now that we saw this overview of white-box testing, I'd like
-
-2
-00:00:03,080 --> 00:00:06,270
-to start talking about specific coverage criterion. And I'm going to start
-
-3
-00:00:06,270 --> 00:00:09,010
-with the first one, which is Statement Coverage. This criterion is
-
-4
-00:00:09,010 --> 00:00:12,355
-going to be characterized by two aspects, the first one is which
-
-5
-00:00:12,355 --> 00:00:15,580
-are the Test requirements for the criteria and the second one
-
-6
-00:00:15,580 --> 00:00:18,830
-is how we measure Coverage for that criteria. In the case
-
-7
-00:00:18,830 --> 00:00:22,200
-of statement coverage, these test requirements are all the statements in
-
-8
-00:00:22,200 --> 00:00:25,804
-the program. So this is the basic, the first the, the simplest
-
-9
-00:00:25,804 --> 00:00:29,860
-coverage criteria in the white-box arena. Let me remind you the assumption
-
-10
-00:00:29,860 --> 00:00:33,280
-that we made at the beginning. White-box testing is based on the assumption
-
-11
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-that if there isn't a faulty element in the code, we need
-
-12
-00:00:35,990 --> 00:00:38,390
-to exercise it. We need to execute it, in order to find the
-
-13
-00:00:38,390 --> 00:00:41,260
-fault. And that's exactly what statement coverage does. If there is a
-
-14
-00:00:41,260 --> 00:00:44,450
-statement that is faulty in the code, we need to exercise it, in
-
-15
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-order to find the fault. And therefore, a good measure of how well
-
-16
-00:00:47,490 --> 00:00:51,480
-we exercise the code, is the ratio of the number of executed statements.
-
-17
-00:00:51,480 --> 00:00:54,950
-So all the statements that my test cases executed, to the total
-
-18
-00:00:54,950 --> 00:00:58,570
-number of statements in the program. The higher this number, the better
-
-19
-00:00:58,570 --> 00:01:01,870
-I exercise my code. And we can also look at coverage criterion
-
-20
-00:01:01,870 --> 00:01:04,290
-in terms of questions. So what is the questions they were trying
-
-21
-00:01:04,290 --> 00:01:06,940
-to answer when we look at a specific set of test cases
-
-22
-00:01:06,940 --> 00:01:09,870
-and we assess the statement coverage that they achieved. And the question
-
-23
-00:01:09,870 --> 00:01:13,440
-is whether each statement in the program has been executed. So, statement
-
-24
-00:01:13,440 --> 00:01:16,920
-coverage is satisfied when all the statements in the program have been executed.
-
-25
-00:01:16,920 --> 00:01:19,640
-And we can satisfy to different degrees and the degrees to which it's
-
-26
-00:01:19,640 --> 00:01:23,320
-satisfied is measured by this value. So now let's go ahead and measure
-
-27
-00:01:23,320 --> 00:01:27,250
-statement coverage on our printSum example. What I'm going to show down here is
-
-28
-00:01:27,250 --> 00:01:30,500
-this progress bar in which we show the amount of coverage, the percentage of
-
-29
-00:01:30,500 --> 00:01:33,060
-coverage achieved. So what this means is that the, if I get to
-
-30
-00:01:33,060 --> 00:01:36,680
-this point I've covered 25% of the statements in the code. And my goal
-
-31
-00:01:36,680 --> 00:01:39,160
-is to get up here to cover all the statements in the code.
-
-32
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-We have two test cases for this code. The first one that we just
-
-33
-00:01:42,000 --> 00:01:45,700
-saw, consists of the inputs a equal to 3 and b equal
-
-34
-00:01:45,700 --> 00:01:48,200
-to 9, and the second one has the inputs a is equal to
-
-35
-00:01:48,200 --> 00:01:50,840
-minus 5 and b is equal to minus 8. So now let's see
-
-36
-00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:53,450
-what happens when we run this test case. When we run this test
-
-37
-00:01:53,450 --> 00:01:56,920
-case, I'm going to show you by highlighting in the code the parts that
-
-38
-00:01:56,920 --> 00:02:00,430
-we cover when we start executing the code. We cover the first statement,
-
-39
-00:02:00,430 --> 00:02:01,910
-then we always execute the second
-
-40
-00:02:01,910 --> 00:02:04,180
-statement, which computes the result, we continue
-
-41
-00:02:04,180 --> 00:02:07,070
-the execution, we get to the if statement. If the result is greater
-
-42
-00:02:07,070 --> 00:02:10,038
-than zero, in this case our result is 12 because we
-
-43
-00:02:10,038 --> 00:02:12,360
-are working with the inputs 3 and 9, and therefore we
-
-44
-00:02:12,360 --> 00:02:15,710
-execute the true part of the if, we execute the statement.
-
-45
-00:02:15,710 --> 00:02:18,850
-And at this point, we just jump to the end. Because we
-
-46
-00:02:18,850 --> 00:02:21,530
-do not execute the else part of the statement, since we
-
-47
-00:02:21,530 --> 00:02:24,240
-have executed a true one, and therefore, we cover this final
-
-48
-00:02:24,240 --> 00:02:27,534
-statement. So at the end of the execution of this test
-
-49
-00:02:27,534 --> 00:02:32,313
-case, we cover one, two, three, four, five statement out of seven
-
-50
-00:02:32,313 --> 00:02:36,299
-which is roughly speaking 71%. So we can mark in here
-
-51
-00:02:36,299 --> 00:02:39,779
-that we more or less got to 71% of coverage for
-
-52
-00:02:39,779 --> 00:02:42,719
-this code. Now let's look at what happens when we execute
-
-53
-00:02:42,719 --> 00:02:45,700
-test case number two. In this case again, we execute the
-
-54
-00:02:45,700 --> 00:02:48,660
-first statement, the second statement, the third statement. In this case
-
-55
-00:02:48,660 --> 00:02:52,010
-though, the first statement, when it evaluates the value of result,
-
-56
-00:02:52,010 --> 00:02:54,250
-it sees that the result is not greater than zero because
-
-57
-00:02:54,250 --> 00:02:57,590
-our inputs are minus five and minus eight. Therefore, you will execute
-
-58
-00:02:57,590 --> 00:03:00,090
-line number five. And because the result is less than
-
-59
-00:03:00,090 --> 00:03:02,810
-zero, you will also execute line number six. So, at
-
-60
-00:03:02,810 --> 00:03:05,230
-this point, all of the statements in our code are
-
-61
-00:03:05,230 --> 00:03:09,360
-executed and therefore, we achieved a 100% statement coverage, which
-
-62
-00:03:09,360 --> 00:03:13,090
-was our goal. Before looking at other kinds of coverage,
-
-63
-00:03:13,090 --> 00:03:16,060
-let's see how our statement coverage is used in practice.
-
-64
-00:03:16,060 --> 00:03:19,170
-First of all, statement coverage is the most used kind
-
-65
-00:03:19,170 --> 00:03:22,830
-of coverage criterion in industry. Normally for company that uses
-
-66
-00:03:22,830 --> 00:03:27,200
-statement coverage, the typical coverage target is 80-90%, which
-
-67
-00:03:27,200 --> 00:03:29,690
-mean the outcome of the test should be such
-
-68
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-that 80-90% of the statements are exercised at the
-
-69
-00:03:32,770 --> 00:03:34,880
-end of testing. So at this point, you might
-
-70
-00:03:34,880 --> 00:03:36,850
-be wondering, why don't we just shoot for 100%?
-
-71
-00:03:36,850 --> 00:03:38,580
-Why don't we try to cover all of the
-
-72
-00:03:38,580 --> 00:03:40,050
-code? We just saw that we could do it.
-
-73
-00:03:40,050 --> 00:03:41,730
-And so I'm going to ask you the same question.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/9 - Statement Coverage Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/9 - Statement Coverage Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 893fe06..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L3 White-Box Testing Subtitles/9 - Statement Coverage Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:01,540
-so, I would like to hear from you. Why
-
-2
-00:00:01,540 --> 00:00:03,850
-do you think that we don't aim normally at
-
-3
-00:00:03,850 --> 00:00:05,939
-100 % college but, slightly less than that and
-
-4
-00:00:05,939 --> 00:00:07,560
-I want you to put your answer right here.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e839f9..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,270 --> 00:00:02,880
-In previous lessons, we covered testing principles and
-
-2
-00:00:02,880 --> 00:00:06,610
-techniques. In this lesson, we will discuss a
-
-3
-00:00:06,610 --> 00:00:09,550
-type of software process that is heavily based
-
-4
-00:00:09,550 --> 00:00:12,812
-on the use of testing. The agile development
-
-5
-00:00:12,812 --> 00:00:17,310
-process. Also called test-driven development. To do that,
-
-6
-00:00:17,310 --> 00:00:19,290
-we will revisit some of the assumptions that
-
-7
-00:00:19,290 --> 00:00:21,490
-led to the definition of the more traditional
-
-8
-00:00:21,490 --> 00:00:24,030
-software processes. The ones that we discussed so far.
-
-9
-00:00:25,440 --> 00:00:27,690
-We will see how, when some of these assumptions are
-
-10
-00:00:27,690 --> 00:00:30,210
-no longer valid, we can change the way in which we
-
-11
-00:00:30,210 --> 00:00:32,560
-look at software processes. And we can change the way
-
-12
-00:00:32,560 --> 00:00:36,120
-in which we look at software development in general. We will
-
-13
-00:00:36,120 --> 00:00:40,250
-discuss how this changing perspective, lets us rethink software processes
-
-14
-00:00:40,250 --> 00:00:43,520
-and make them more agile and better suited for context in
-
-15
-00:00:43,520 --> 00:00:46,120
-which changes are the norm and we need to adapt
-
-16
-00:00:46,120 --> 00:00:50,535
-fast. In particular, we will discuss two processes that apply the
-
-17
-00:00:50,535 --> 00:00:53,570
-principles of agile software development and that are commonly
-
-18
-00:00:53,570 --> 00:00:59,170
-used in industry. Extreme programming, also called XP, and Scrum.
-
-19
-00:00:59,170 --> 00:01:01,560
-[BLANK_AUDIO]
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/10 - Refactoring - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/10 - Refactoring - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 800ffb5..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/10 - Refactoring - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,469
-A couple of minutes ago we talked about the fact that well, we
-
-2
-00:00:02,469 --> 00:00:05,260
-might need to change our design a lot, so how we going to do
-
-3
-00:00:05,260 --> 00:00:08,540
-that, that's going to be expensive. Well it's not very expensive, if we can
-
-4
-00:00:08,540 --> 00:00:10,876
-do efficient refactoring. Which is another
-
-5
-00:00:10,876 --> 00:00:13,120
-one of the important xp practices. And
-
-6
-00:00:13,120 --> 00:00:15,280
-what does it mean to refactor? It means to take a piece of
-
-7
-00:00:15,280 --> 00:00:19,530
-code who's design might be suboptimal, because for example, we evolved it, we
-
-8
-00:00:19,530 --> 00:00:22,600
-didn't take into account that from the beginning some of the features that
-
-9
-00:00:22,600 --> 00:00:25,110
-had to be added later, probably because we didn't even know about this
-
-10
-00:00:25,110 --> 00:00:28,200
-feature, because the requirements evolved. So we're going to take this piece
-
-11
-00:00:28,200 --> 00:00:31,870
-of code and we're going to restructure it, so that it becomes simple
-
-12
-00:00:31,870 --> 00:00:34,070
-and maintainable. Developers are expected to
-
-13
-00:00:34,070 --> 00:00:35,590
-refactor as soon as opportunities for
-
-14
-00:00:35,590 --> 00:00:39,530
-improvement, are found. And that happens for example, before adding some code.
-
-15
-00:00:39,530 --> 00:00:41,730
-You might look at the code that you're about to modify, or
-
-16
-00:00:41,730 --> 00:00:43,850
-to which you are about to add parts, and say can we
-
-17
-00:00:43,850 --> 00:00:47,060
-change the program to make the addition simple, that has maintainability or
-
-18
-00:00:47,060 --> 00:00:50,220
-we can do it after adding some code to our code base.
-
-19
-00:00:50,220 --> 00:00:52,730
-We might look at the code, the resulting code, and say well
-
-20
-00:00:52,730 --> 00:00:55,770
-can we make the program simpler? Was the running all the tests
-
-21
-00:00:55,770 --> 00:00:57,920
-and the key point here is that we don't want to refactor on
-
-22
-00:00:57,920 --> 00:01:01,580
-speculation, but we want to refactor on demand, on the system, and the
-
-23
-00:01:01,580 --> 00:01:04,840
-process needed. Again the goal is just to keep the code simple
-
-24
-00:01:04,840 --> 00:01:07,680
-and maintainable, not to over do it. And as I mentioned before
-
-25
-00:01:07,680 --> 00:01:10,810
-we're going to have a whole lesson, the next lesson on refactoring. So
-
-26
-00:01:10,810 --> 00:01:13,470
-we're going to go in more depth in the discussion of this topic.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/11 - Pair Programming - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/11 - Pair Programming - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index ad48828..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/11 - Pair Programming - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,530
-The next practice I want to discuss is a very important one
-
-2
-00:00:02,530 --> 00:00:05,750
-in XP, and also one of the scandal, controversial, and it's
-
-3
-00:00:05,750 --> 00:00:08,390
-the practice of pair programming. What does it mean? It means
-
-4
-00:00:08,390 --> 00:00:11,790
-that all production code is written with two people looking at one
-
-5
-00:00:11,790 --> 00:00:15,170
-machine. And not that they're, they're working with one keyboard and
-
-6
-00:00:15,170 --> 00:00:18,450
-one mouse or they're not just interfering and writing on each other's
-
-7
-00:00:18,450 --> 00:00:20,920
-code. And the way in which that happens is by playing
-
-8
-00:00:20,920 --> 00:00:25,180
-different roles at different times. So the two developers alternate between the
-
-9
-00:00:25,180 --> 00:00:29,080
-role of programming and strategizing, where strategizing means, for example,
-
-10
-00:00:29,080 --> 00:00:31,660
-looking at the code that has been written and thinking whether
-
-11
-00:00:31,660 --> 00:00:34,420
-that would work. Or what other tests that are not there
-
-12
-00:00:34,420 --> 00:00:37,050
-might not work, given the way the code is being written.
-
-13
-00:00:37,050 --> 00:00:39,300
-Or maybe looking at the code from a, you know, slightly
-
-14
-00:00:39,300 --> 00:00:42,380
-detached perspective and trying to figure out whether the code can
-
-15
-00:00:42,380 --> 00:00:46,900
-be made simpler, more maintainable, more efficient. And interestingly, there are
-
-16
-00:00:46,900 --> 00:00:48,440
-measurements, there are studies that
-
-17
-00:00:48,440 --> 00:00:50,340
-suggest that development productivity with pair
-
-18
-00:00:50,340 --> 00:00:52,550
-programming is similar to that of two people
-
-19
-00:00:52,550 --> 00:00:55,080
-working independently. And that answers one of the
-
-20
-00:00:55,080 --> 00:00:57,740
-main objections against pair programming, which is why
-
-21
-00:00:57,740 --> 00:00:59,840
-should I put two developers together, which is
-
-22
-00:00:59,840 --> 00:01:01,860
-going to cut their productivity in half. It is
-
-23
-00:01:01,860 --> 00:01:04,390
-not. Studies shows that that does not happen.
-
-24
-00:01:04,390 --> 00:01:06,380
-And that the resulting code can actually benefit
-
-25
-00:01:06,380 --> 00:01:08,350
-from the fact that two developers are working together.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/12 - Continuous Integration - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/12 - Continuous Integration - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index d40bda6..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/12 - Continuous Integration - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:02,980
-An important practice to get all of this to work is
-
-2
-00:00:02,980 --> 00:00:05,230
-continuous integration, which means integrating and
-
-3
-00:00:05,230 --> 00:00:06,770
-testing every few hours, or a
-
-4
-00:00:06,770 --> 00:00:10,390
-day at most, because we don't want problems to pile up and
-
-5
-00:00:10,390 --> 00:00:13,060
-to be discovered too late when there are too many of them
-
-6
-00:00:13,060 --> 00:00:16,020
-to fix. So what goes on here is a cycle. And the
-
-7
-00:00:16,020 --> 00:00:19,380
-cycle starts with the developer's programming, as soon as the developers are
-
-8
-00:00:19,380 --> 00:00:22,050
-done modifying the code and they have a stable version they will
-
-9
-00:00:22,050 --> 00:00:25,380
-run the local tests. If the local tests fail, the developers will
-
-10
-00:00:25,380 --> 00:00:28,350
-go back to programming to fix their code and possibly add
-
-11
-00:00:28,350 --> 00:00:31,990
-new code as needed, and this cycle, mini cycle will continue
-
-12
-00:00:31,990 --> 00:00:35,000
-until all the local tests pass. At that point the developers
-
-13
-00:00:35,000 --> 00:00:37,960
-can integrate their code with the code of other developers. And they
-
-14
-00:00:37,960 --> 00:00:41,220
-can run test for the integrated system, and when they run
-
-15
-00:00:41,220 --> 00:00:44,830
-this test again there are two possibilities. The test might fail, and
-
-16
-00:00:44,830 --> 00:00:47,160
-if the test fails you broke it, and therefore you'll have
-
-17
-00:00:47,160 --> 00:00:50,710
-to fix it. So developers will have to go back and modify
-
-18
-00:00:50,710 --> 00:00:54,010
-the system and again going through the cycle of running the local
-
-19
-00:00:54,010 --> 00:00:55,900
-tests, integrating, and running the systems
-
-20
-00:00:55,900 --> 00:00:57,890
-tests. Conversely, if all the systems
-
-21
-00:00:57,890 --> 00:01:00,150
-tests pass, then at that point the code is good to go
-
-22
-00:01:00,150 --> 00:01:02,500
-and it is integrated into the system. And it will be the problem
-
-23
-00:01:02,500 --> 00:01:05,370
-of some other developers if something breaks because at the time you
-
-24
-00:01:05,370 --> 00:01:09,530
-integrated your code, the code was compiling, running and passing the tests
-
-25
-00:01:09,530 --> 00:01:12,495
-successfully. So again, if we do this every few hours or every
-
-26
-00:01:12,495 --> 00:01:15,740
-day, we can find problems very early, and we can avoid the situations
-
-27
-00:01:15,740 --> 00:01:18,105
-in which we have many different changes coming from
-
-28
-00:01:18,105 --> 00:01:21,290
-many different developers in a integration nightmare as a result.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/13 - On Site Customer - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/13 - On Site Customer - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index a95cc07..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/13 - On Site Customer - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,060 --> 00:00:03,500
-The last practice I want to mention is on-site customer, and what
-
-2
-00:00:03,500 --> 00:00:07,590
-that means is that literally the customer is an actual member of
-
-3
-00:00:07,590 --> 00:00:10,310
-the team. So the customer will sit with the team and will
-
-4
-00:00:10,310 --> 00:00:13,546
-bring requirements to the team and discuss the requirements with them. So
-
-5
-00:00:13,546 --> 00:00:16,461
-the typical objection to this practice is the fact that it's just
-
-6
-00:00:16,461 --> 00:00:19,640
-impossible in the real world. There is no way that the customer
-
-7
-00:00:19,640 --> 00:00:22,550
-can have one person staying with the team all the time, and
-
-8
-00:00:22,550 --> 00:00:25,130
-the answer to that objection is that if the system is not
-
-9
-00:00:25,130 --> 00:00:28,700
-worth the time of one customer then maybe the system is not worth building. In
-
-10
-00:00:28,700 --> 00:00:30,530
-other words, if you're investing tons of
-
-11
-00:00:30,530 --> 00:00:33,440
-dollars, tons of money in building a system,
-
-12
-00:00:33,440 --> 00:00:36,870
-you might just as well invest a little more and have one of the people
-
-13
-00:00:36,870 --> 00:00:39,080
-in the customer's organization stay with the
-
-14
-00:00:39,080 --> 00:00:41,450
-team and be involved in the whole process.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/14 - Requirements Engineering - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/14 - Requirements Engineering - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 7a00887..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/14 - Requirements Engineering - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,210 --> 00:00:02,680
-Now that we saw what the main values and practices
-
-2
-00:00:02,680 --> 00:00:05,200
-of XP are, I want to go back for a minute
-
-3
-00:00:05,200 --> 00:00:08,800
-to discussion of requirements engineering in XP. In XP, user
-
-4
-00:00:08,800 --> 00:00:12,180
-requirements are expressed as scenarios or user stories, as we already
-
-5
-00:00:12,180 --> 00:00:15,500
-discussed. These are written by customers on cards, and what
-
-6
-00:00:15,500 --> 00:00:18,550
-the development team does is to take these cards, take these
-
-7
-00:00:18,550 --> 00:00:22,240
-users stories and break them down into implementation tasks. And
-
-8
-00:00:22,240 --> 00:00:25,310
-those implementation tasks are then used as a basis for scheduling
-
-9
-00:00:25,310 --> 00:00:29,210
-cost estimates. So given these estimates, and based on their priorities,
-
-10
-00:00:29,210 --> 00:00:31,770
-the customer will choose the stories that will be included in
-
-11
-00:00:31,770 --> 00:00:34,980
-the next release, in the next iteration. And at this point,
-
-12
-00:00:34,980 --> 00:00:39,220
-the corresponding cards will be taken by the developers and the,
-
-13
-00:00:39,220 --> 00:00:42,380
-the task will be performed, and the relative, and the corresponding
-
-14
-00:00:42,380 --> 00:00:44,350
-card will be developed. And just to give an idea of
-
-15
-00:00:44,350 --> 00:00:47,330
-the order of magnitude, if you consider a few months project,
-
-16
-00:00:47,330 --> 00:00:50,390
-there might be 50 to 100 user stories for a project of
-
-17
-00:00:50,390 --> 00:00:52,820
-that duration. So, now let me give you an example of what
-
-18
-00:00:52,820 --> 00:00:55,630
-the story card might look like, and I'm going to do it using
-
-19
-00:00:55,630 --> 00:00:58,930
-a story card for document downloading and you can really do all of
-
-20
-00:00:58,930 --> 00:01:00,780
-this, basically as seeing what the
-
-21
-00:01:00,780 --> 00:01:03,440
-scenario is, downloading and printing an article.
-
-22
-00:01:03,440 --> 00:01:06,590
-And it describes basically what happens when you do that, what is
-
-23
-00:01:06,590 --> 00:01:09,530
-the scenario. First, you select the article that you want from a displayed
-
-24
-00:01:09,530 --> 00:01:12,760
-list. You then have to tell the system how you will pay for
-
-25
-00:01:12,760 --> 00:01:15,680
-it. This can either be through a subscription, through a company account or
-
-26
-00:01:15,680 --> 00:01:18,670
-by credit card, and so on. So what developers do, they take
-
-27
-00:01:18,670 --> 00:01:22,020
-this story card, and they break it down in to development tasks.
-
-28
-00:01:22,020 --> 00:01:25,100
-So, here I'm showing you some examples of task cards for the
-
-29
-00:01:25,100 --> 00:01:28,360
-user story that we just saw. In particular I'm showing three task cards
-
-30
-00:01:28,360 --> 00:01:30,740
-and if we look at the third one, there is a name
-
-31
-00:01:30,740 --> 00:01:34,260
-for the task, which is implement payment collection. So this is the development
-
-32
-00:01:34,260 --> 00:01:37,600
-task that we have the perform and here, there's a description of
-
-33
-00:01:37,600 --> 00:01:41,240
-what that developed code should do. And notice that, you know, the task
-
-34
-00:01:41,240 --> 00:01:44,400
-card can even be more. explicit than this, more
-
-35
-00:01:44,400 --> 00:01:47,450
-specific than this, and talk about actual development tasks.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/15 - Testing Strategy - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/15 - Testing Strategy - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index af5ee6c..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/15 - Testing Strategy - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,147 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,360 --> 00:00:03,320
-As you probably realized by now, at job development, it's a
-
-2
-00:00:03,320 --> 00:00:06,280
-lot about testing. So there is a lot of emphasis on
-
-3
-00:00:06,280 --> 00:00:09,420
-testing. Testing first, te, testing early. So that's the reason why
-
-4
-00:00:09,420 --> 00:00:12,710
-I also want to discuss what is the testing strategy in XP.
-
-5
-00:00:12,710 --> 00:00:14,820
-So first of all what is the basic principle? The basic
-
-6
-00:00:14,820 --> 00:00:18,770
-principle is that testing is Coded confidence. You write your test
-
-7
-00:00:18,770 --> 00:00:22,150
-cases and then you can run them anytime you want. And
-
-8
-00:00:22,150 --> 00:00:25,540
-if they pass, they'll give you confidence that your code is behaving
-
-9
-00:00:25,540 --> 00:00:27,920
-the way it's expected. If they don't pass on the other
-
-10
-00:00:27,920 --> 00:00:30,870
-hand, you'll know that there's something to fix. Another important concept is
-
-11
-00:00:30,870 --> 00:00:34,600
-that test might be isolated and automated. So both the running and
-
-12
-00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:37,400
-the checking of the tests has to be automated for all of
-
-13
-00:00:37,400 --> 00:00:39,830
-this to work. And there are two types of tests. The first
-
-14
-00:00:39,830 --> 00:00:43,170
-type of test is unit tests, that are created by the programmers,
-
-15
-00:00:43,170 --> 00:00:45,830
-and they're created by looking at the task cards. The task cards
-
-16
-00:00:45,830 --> 00:00:48,410
-describe what they implemented, functionality should
-
-17
-00:00:48,410 --> 00:00:50,740
-do, and therefore allows the developers.
-
-18
-00:00:50,740 --> 00:00:53,970
-The right test that can test this functionality. That can
-
-19
-00:00:53,970 --> 00:00:57,000
-check that the code's correctly implemented functionality. And as we
-
-20
-00:00:57,000 --> 00:01:00,670
-said, you should really test every meaninful feature. So, for
-
-21
-00:01:00,670 --> 00:01:04,250
-example, you should test every meaningful method in your classes.
-
-22
-00:01:04,250 --> 00:01:08,490
-You should put specific attention to possibly complex implementations, special
-
-23
-00:01:08,490 --> 00:01:11,100
-cases or specific problems that you might think of. while
-
-24
-00:01:11,100 --> 00:01:13,110
-reading the task cards. In some cases, when you do
-
-25
-00:01:13,110 --> 00:01:15,800
-refactoring, you might also want to write test cases specific
-
-26
-00:01:15,800 --> 00:01:18,300
-to that refactoring. But we'll say more about that. So this
-
-27
-00:01:18,300 --> 00:01:20,610
-was for the first kind of tests that are involved in
-
-28
-00:01:20,610 --> 00:01:23,650
-the, in the XP process. The second kind of tests are
-
-29
-00:01:23,650 --> 00:01:27,710
-the system tests, also called acceptance tests. And those tests involve
-
-30
-00:01:27,710 --> 00:01:30,920
-the customer. So basically what happens is that the customer provides
-
-31
-00:01:30,920 --> 00:01:33,760
-the test cases for their stores and then the development team
-
-32
-00:01:33,760 --> 00:01:37,630
-transforms those into actual automated tests. So these are tests created
-
-33
-00:01:37,630 --> 00:01:40,700
-by the developers. They run very quickly and they run very frequently.
-
-34
-00:01:40,700 --> 00:01:43,120
-These are tests developed with the help, with the
-
-35
-00:01:43,120 --> 00:01:46,170
-involvement of the customer they run longer. And run less
-
-36
-00:01:46,170 --> 00:01:48,710
-frequently, they run every time the system is integrated.
-
-37
-00:01:48,710 --> 00:01:50,890
-According to the cycle we saw a few minutes ago.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/16 - Testing Strategy Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/16 - Testing Strategy Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index c26e977..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/16 - Testing Strategy Quiz - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,130 --> 00:00:02,776
-Now that we are done discussing XP Extreme Programming, I
-
-2
-00:00:02,776 --> 00:00:04,612
-would like to have a quiz, in which I make
-
-3
-00:00:04,612 --> 00:00:06,772
-sure that some of the concepts behind XP are well
-
-4
-00:00:06,772 --> 00:00:10,040
-understood. So, I'm going to ask you which of the following statements
-
-5
-00:00:10,040 --> 00:00:13,390
-about Extreme Programming are true, and here are the statements.
-
-6
-00:00:13,390 --> 00:00:17,700
-Because of pair programming, XP requires twice the number of developers.
-
-7
-00:00:17,700 --> 00:00:21,260
-In XP, code is rarely changed after being written. XP
-
-8
-00:00:21,260 --> 00:00:25,200
-follows the test driven development, or TDD, paradigm. The customer does
-
-9
-00:00:25,200 --> 00:00:27,560
-not need to provide any requirements in XP.
-
-10
-00:00:27,560 --> 00:00:31,120
-XP is an iterative software development process. So I
-
-11
-00:00:31,120 --> 00:00:32,700
-would like for you to mark all of
-
-12
-00:00:32,700 --> 00:00:35,020
-the statements that you think are true about XP.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/17 - Testing Strategy Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/17 - Testing Strategy Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index b60861f..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/17 - Testing Strategy Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:02,600
-The first statement is false. It is not true
-
-2
-00:00:02,600 --> 00:00:04,840
-that because of pair programming, we need twice as many
-
-3
-00:00:04,840 --> 00:00:08,039
-developers. In fact that there is some evidence that even
-
-4
-00:00:08,039 --> 00:00:11,700
-though in pair programming we have two developers working together,
-
-5
-00:00:11,700 --> 00:00:15,175
-that the overall efficiency of the programmers is not really
-
-6
-00:00:15,175 --> 00:00:19,080
-affected by use of this practice. In XP, code is
-
-7
-00:00:19,080 --> 00:00:23,280
-rarely changed after being written. This is also definitely false.
-
-8
-00:00:23,280 --> 00:00:25,233
-In fact in XP there is a lot of emphasis
-
-9
-00:00:25,233 --> 00:00:27,879
-on change on the fact that the code can be changed,
-
-10
-00:00:27,879 --> 00:00:30,462
-it can be resigned, because of the fact when we do
-
-11
-00:00:30,462 --> 00:00:32,793
-that, we have a set of these cases that we can
-
-12
-00:00:32,793 --> 00:00:35,439
-use to check right away that the code still works as
-
-13
-00:00:35,439 --> 00:00:39,850
-expected. So again in XP, it's all about steering rather than
-
-14
-00:00:39,850 --> 00:00:43,430
-just driving down one fixed direction. And therefore, the code can
-
-15
-00:00:43,430 --> 00:00:46,580
-be changed. So this statement is false. It is definitely true
-
-16
-00:00:46,580 --> 00:00:50,950
-that XP follows the test driven development paradigm. In XP we first
-
-17
-00:00:50,950 --> 00:00:53,320
-write tests, and then we write the code, which is
-
-18
-00:00:53,320 --> 00:00:55,980
-exactly what TDD is about. It is not true that
-
-19
-00:00:55,980 --> 00:00:58,740
-the customer does not need to provide requirements in XP.
-
-20
-00:00:58,740 --> 00:01:02,020
-The customer does provide requirements in the form of user
-
-21
-00:01:02,020 --> 00:01:04,879
-stories, and the user stories are the starting point of
-
-22
-00:01:04,879 --> 00:01:09,370
-the development process. Finally, XP is definitely an iterative software
-
-23
-00:01:09,370 --> 00:01:12,500
-development process. In fact, we saw that XP is based
-
-24
-00:01:12,500 --> 00:01:16,100
-on subsequent iterations of the same cycle, in which we
-
-25
-00:01:16,100 --> 00:01:18,110
-select from a set of story cards, or user
-
-26
-00:01:18,110 --> 00:01:21,270
-stories, the stories that we want to implement in the
-
-27
-00:01:21,270 --> 00:01:24,250
-next iteration. Based on that we develop task cards,
-
-28
-00:01:24,250 --> 00:01:26,060
-and then we use the task cards to write this
-
-29
-00:01:26,060 --> 00:01:28,400
-case and then to write code. And we continue
-
-30
-00:01:28,400 --> 00:01:31,140
-this cycle in an iterative way until we are done
-
-31
-00:01:31,140 --> 00:01:33,030
-with all the story cards, and all the user
-
-32
-00:01:33,030 --> 00:01:36,612
-stories, so definitely XP is an iterative software development process.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/18 - Scrum Intro - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/18 - Scrum Intro - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 4d8eab6..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/18 - Scrum Intro - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,220 --> 00:00:02,830
-Before concluding this class on java development, I want to
-
-2
-00:00:02,830 --> 00:00:06,330
-talk about another process that is very popular these days, and
-
-3
-00:00:06,330 --> 00:00:09,990
-it's used in many companies, which is called Scrum. Which similar
-
-4
-00:00:09,990 --> 00:00:13,370
-to XP is another agile development process, and I'm going to
-
-5
-00:00:13,370 --> 00:00:16,400
-start by discussing what the Scrum actors are. There's three
-
-6
-00:00:16,400 --> 00:00:19,490
-main kinds of actors. The first one is the product owner,
-
-7
-00:00:19,490 --> 00:00:22,590
-which means the customer. The product owner is mainly responsible for
-
-8
-00:00:22,590 --> 00:00:25,460
-the product back log, where the product back log is basically
-
-9
-00:00:25,460 --> 00:00:27,660
-the list of things that have to be done, the
-
-10
-00:00:27,660 --> 00:00:30,670
-back log in fact for the project. And that is
-
-11
-00:00:30,670 --> 00:00:33,640
-analogous to the user stories to be realized in XP,
-
-12
-00:00:33,640 --> 00:00:36,190
-that we just saw. So what the product owner does is
-
-13
-00:00:36,190 --> 00:00:39,310
-to clearly express these back log items, and to also
-
-14
-00:00:39,310 --> 00:00:42,680
-order them by value, so they can be prioritized. The second
-
-15
-00:00:42,680 --> 00:00:45,680
-actor is the team. The team is responsible for delivering
-
-16
-00:00:45,680 --> 00:00:48,012
-shippable increments to estimate the
-
-17
-00:00:48,012 --> 00:00:50,600
-back log items. It's normally self-organized,
-
-18
-00:00:50,600 --> 00:00:53,055
-consists of four to nine people, and it's what you
-
-19
-00:00:53,055 --> 00:00:56,180
-would consider normally as the main development team in a
-
-20
-00:00:56,180 --> 00:00:59,080
-project. And finally we have the Scrum master. The Scrum
-
-21
-00:00:59,080 --> 00:01:02,860
-master is the person who's responsible for the overall Scrum process,
-
-22
-00:01:02,860 --> 00:01:05,980
-so he or she has to remove obstacles, facilitate events,
-
-23
-00:01:05,980 --> 00:01:08,668
-helps communications, and so on. So you you can see
-
-24
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-the Scrum master as sort of a manager or the
-
-25
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-person who's got oversight, or the supervisor of the Scrum process.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/19 - High Level Scrum Process - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/19 - High Level Scrum Process - lang_en_vs4.srt
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@@ -1,215 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,200
-So I want to conclude this lesson by providing a high
-
-2
-00:00:02,200 --> 00:00:05,790
-level view of this scrum process. The process is represented here,
-
-3
-00:00:05,790 --> 00:00:07,939
-and as you can see it has several components. We're going to
-
-4
-00:00:07,939 --> 00:00:09,860
-go through all of them one at a time. We're going to
-
-5
-00:00:09,860 --> 00:00:13,110
-start with a product backlog. Product backlog is the single source
-
-6
-00:00:13,110 --> 00:00:17,420
-of requirements, for the process. They're order by value raised priority
-
-7
-00:00:17,420 --> 00:00:21,110
-necessity, so that all of this characteristics can be taken into
-
-8
-00:00:21,110 --> 00:00:25,920
-account when selecting which backlog items to consider for the next iteration.
-
-9
-00:00:25,920 --> 00:00:28,710
-It's a living list in the sense that backlog items
-
-10
-00:00:28,710 --> 00:00:31,020
-can be added or removed. And it's not really defined
-
-11
-00:00:31,020 --> 00:00:33,200
-as we just said, by the product owner. In the
-
-12
-00:00:33,200 --> 00:00:36,260
-sprint planning, what happens is that the next increment or
-
-13
-00:00:36,260 --> 00:00:40,180
-the next sprint is defined. So basically, the backlog items
-
-14
-00:00:40,180 --> 00:00:43,348
-of interest are selected based on the characteristics we just
-
-15
-00:00:43,348 --> 00:00:46,890
-mentioned: value, [UNKNOWN], priority, and necessity. And the items are
-
-16
-00:00:46,890 --> 00:00:50,950
-converted into tasks and estimated. So the result is this sprint
-
-17
-00:00:50,950 --> 00:00:54,240
-backlog, which is the set of backlog items that will
-
-18
-00:00:54,240 --> 00:00:57,650
-be completed during the next sprint. The sprint is an actual
-
-19
-00:00:57,650 --> 00:01:01,040
-iteration of this scrum process. It's got a main part
-
-20
-00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:04,730
-that lasts two to four weeks, and within this main part,
-
-21
-00:01:04,730 --> 00:01:08,150
-there are many daily scrums that last 24 hours. So
-
-22
-00:01:08,150 --> 00:01:11,260
-let's see how this work. A daily scrum is typically characterized
-
-23
-00:01:11,260 --> 00:01:13,960
-by a 50-minute meeting at the beginning of the day
-
-24
-00:01:13,960 --> 00:01:16,220
-for the team to sync, and what happens during the meeting
-
-25
-00:01:16,220 --> 00:01:19,010
-is that there is a discussion of the accomplishments since
-
-26
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-the last meeting. A to do list for the next
-
-27
-00:01:21,210 --> 00:01:24,210
-meeting is produced, and there is also an obstacle analysis.
-
-28
-00:01:24,210 --> 00:01:27,690
-So if some problem appear, they're discussing the daily scrum, and
-
-29
-00:01:27,690 --> 00:01:30,905
-possible solutions are proposed. At the end of the two
-
-30
-00:01:30,905 --> 00:01:34,840
-four-week cycle, there is a sprint review and retrospective. The sprint
-
-31
-00:01:34,840 --> 00:01:37,440
-review normally consists of a four hour meeting. In the
-
-32
-00:01:37,440 --> 00:01:41,270
-meeting, the product owner assesses the accomplishment for the specific sprint,
-
-33
-00:01:41,270 --> 00:01:44,020
-and the team discusses issues that were encountered and solved.
-
-34
-00:01:44,020 --> 00:01:46,530
-There is typically a demo of the deliverable for that
-
-35
-00:01:46,530 --> 00:01:48,810
-sprint. And at that point, the product owner will also
-
-36
-00:01:48,810 --> 00:01:52,610
-discuss the backlogs. And together with the team they will decide
-
-37
-00:01:52,610 --> 00:01:56,230
-what to do next. In the retrospective conversely what happens
-
-38
-00:01:56,230 --> 00:01:59,140
-is there is more focus on the process. So the
-
-39
-00:01:59,140 --> 00:02:02,010
-goal of that part of the meeting is discussing possible
-
-40
-00:02:02,010 --> 00:02:04,850
-process improvements. To identify them
-
-41
-00:02:04,850 --> 00:02:07,140
-and if promising improvements are identified
-
-42
-00:02:07,140 --> 00:02:10,810
-try to plan how to implement those improvements and use them
-
-43
-00:02:10,810 --> 00:02:13,790
-in the next iterations. And something else that might happen at
-
-44
-00:02:13,790 --> 00:02:16,720
-the end of a sprint is that if the product increment
-
-45
-00:02:16,720 --> 00:02:19,210
-is good enough as it reach the state in which it
-
-46
-00:02:19,210 --> 00:02:22,660
-can be actually shipped that will result in a release that
-
-47
-00:02:22,660 --> 00:02:25,730
-is not just internal. To show the product owner the progress
-
-48
-00:02:25,730 --> 00:02:28,510
-that can also be deployed and actually used in production. So
-
-49
-00:02:28,510 --> 00:02:32,650
-one final consideration is that as you can see, XP and scrum
-
-50
-00:02:32,650 --> 00:02:35,340
-are fairly similar, and that's because they're both agile development
-
-51
-00:02:35,340 --> 00:02:37,930
-processes. So the main thing to keep in mind is that
-
-52
-00:02:37,930 --> 00:02:40,620
-they both implement and enforce
-
-53
-00:02:40,620 --> 00:02:44,380
-those ideas, values, practices, and characteristics
-
-54
-00:02:44,380 --> 00:02:47,600
-that we saw when we discussed agile development process in general.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/2 - Cost of Change - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/2 - Cost of Change - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b5a261..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/2 - Cost of Change - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,207 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,290 --> 00:00:03,500
-We will start our discussion about test written and development by going
-
-2
-00:00:03,500 --> 00:00:06,790
-back to a softer life cycle to examine a little bit ago
-
-3
-00:00:06,790 --> 00:00:09,460
-which is the waterfall life cycle. And if you remember, that was
-
-4
-00:00:09,460 --> 00:00:12,980
-a totally rigid process in which we were preparing documents and we
-
-5
-00:00:12,980 --> 00:00:16,570
-were not studying any phase before the previous one was finished. And
-
-6
-00:00:16,570 --> 00:00:19,710
-once a phase was finished, we were really going back to it.
-
-7
-00:00:19,710 --> 00:00:22,110
-So today we are going to examine how it is possible to go
-
-8
-00:00:22,110 --> 00:00:25,320
-from such a rigid process to an agile one, in which we can
-
-9
-00:00:25,320 --> 00:00:27,800
-better deal with changes. So remember what we saw in the
-
-10
-00:00:27,800 --> 00:00:31,510
-first lesson when Barry Boehm stated that the cost of change
-
-11
-00:00:31,510 --> 00:00:35,830
-grows exponentially with time. So if we imagine to have time
-
-12
-00:00:35,830 --> 00:00:39,400
-over here on the x-axis and cost on the y-axis, we
-
-13
-00:00:39,400 --> 00:00:41,650
-can see the cost that will go up more or less
-
-14
-00:00:41,650 --> 00:00:44,325
-this way. And what that means is finding a problem while
-
-15
-00:00:44,325 --> 00:00:47,890
-collecting requirements will cost you much less than finding a problem
-
-16
-00:00:47,890 --> 00:00:50,830
-in the analysis phase, which in turn, will cost you less
-
-17
-00:00:50,830 --> 00:00:53,130
-than finding a problem during design, and so on for
-
-18
-00:00:53,130 --> 00:00:56,110
-the subsequent phases. So if this is the case, and cost
-
-19
-00:00:56,110 --> 00:00:59,450
-is really growing this fast as we proceed in our process,
-
-20
-00:00:59,450 --> 00:01:01,530
-what should we do? The key thing is to discover errors
-
-21
-00:01:01,530 --> 00:01:04,700
-early before they become expensive, which in turn means doing a
-
-22
-00:01:04,700 --> 00:01:09,420
-lot of upfront planning. And because models are cheaper to modify
-
-23
-00:01:09,420 --> 00:01:13,150
-in code, we're willing to make large investments in upfront analysis
-
-24
-00:01:13,150 --> 00:01:16,150
-and design models. And only after we have built and checked
-
-25
-00:01:16,150 --> 00:01:18,750
-these models, we're going to go ahead and build the code. In
-
-26
-00:01:18,750 --> 00:01:20,178
-other words, we are following
-
-27
-00:01:20,178 --> 00:01:23,140
-a waterfall mentality. However, something definitely
-
-28
-00:01:23,140 --> 00:01:26,510
-changed in the last 30 years. For example, 30 years ago,
-
-29
-00:01:26,510 --> 00:01:28,770
-we needed to walk down the hall, submit a deck of
-
-30
-00:01:28,770 --> 00:01:31,490
-cards to an operator, and wait a day for our program
-
-31
-00:01:31,490 --> 00:01:34,280
-to run and produce some results. Today we can leverage the
-
-32
-00:01:34,280 --> 00:01:37,820
-computational power of the cloud. Computers used to be very slow
-
-33
-00:01:37,820 --> 00:01:42,322
-and very expensive. Today, computer are a thousand times faster and
-
-34
-00:01:42,322 --> 00:01:44,380
-a thousand times cheaper than what they used to be. In
-
-35
-00:01:44,380 --> 00:01:47,530
-particular, if you think about the compile and test cycle, that has
-
-36
-00:01:47,530 --> 00:01:51,110
-gone from days to seconds. Now we can change our code, compile
-
-37
-00:01:51,110 --> 00:01:54,460
-it, run it our tests, all in a matter of instants, something
-
-38
-00:01:54,460 --> 00:01:57,660
-that was unthinkable before. Finally, developers in the past had to
-
-39
-00:01:57,660 --> 00:02:01,380
-do a lot of tasks manually in a very time-consuming way and
-
-40
-00:02:01,380 --> 00:02:04,220
-often in a very painful way. Today, on the contrary, we can
-
-41
-00:02:04,220 --> 00:02:07,540
-now automate a lot of these tasks. We have high level programming
-
-42
-00:02:07,540 --> 00:02:11,890
-languages, version control systems, smart ideas. Basically a whole set of tools
-
-43
-00:02:11,890 --> 00:02:15,110
-that can help developers. And they can make them more efficient. In
-
-44
-00:02:15,110 --> 00:02:18,440
-general, what that means is, it's easy to change, much easier than
-
-45
-00:02:18,440 --> 00:02:21,310
-what it was before. So maybe if we take all that into account,
-
-46
-00:02:21,310 --> 00:02:23,430
-the cost of change can be flat. So if we go back
-
-47
-00:02:23,430 --> 00:02:26,580
-to our diagram, the one in which we showed the cost with
-
-48
-00:02:26,580 --> 00:02:29,930
-respect to the project time, maybe instead of having this kind of
-
-49
-00:02:29,930 --> 00:02:32,740
-curve, we might have a different kind of curve. Maybe the curve is
-
-50
-00:02:32,740 --> 00:02:36,020
-more like this one. So maybe we can make all of this happen, as long as
-
-51
-00:02:36,020 --> 00:02:38,440
-we use tools, practices and principles in the
-
-52
-00:02:38,440 --> 00:02:40,170
-right way. And we're going to see what that means.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/3 - Agile Software Development - lang_en_vs7.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/3 - Agile Software Development - lang_en_vs7.srt
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@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:03,250
-And assuming that cost is flat that we can really lower that
-
-2
-00:00:03,250 --> 00:00:06,590
-curve then teher are a few interesting consequences. First of all upfront
-
-3
-00:00:06,590 --> 00:00:10,330
-work becomes a liability, we pay for speculative work some of which
-
-4
-00:00:10,330 --> 00:00:13,320
-is likely to be wrong. Some of which we are likely to undo
-
-5
-00:00:13,320 --> 00:00:16,870
-and the reason for ambiguity and volability for example in requirements then
-
-6
-00:00:16,870 --> 00:00:19,310
-it's good to delay We don't want to plan for something that
-
-7
-00:00:19,310 --> 00:00:22,380
-might never happen, to invest resources in something that we might have
-
-8
-00:00:22,380 --> 00:00:25,170
-to throw away later on. In general, if cost is flat it is
-
-9
-00:00:25,170 --> 00:00:28,820
-cost effective to delay all decisions until the last possible
-
-10
-00:00:28,820 --> 00:00:30,990
-moment and only pay for what we use, so to
-
-11
-00:00:30,990 --> 00:00:34,550
-speak. In other words, there is value in waiting, time
-
-12
-00:00:34,550 --> 00:00:37,810
-answers questions and removes uncertainty. And we want to take advantage
-
-13
-00:00:37,810 --> 00:00:40,610
-of that. This and other considerations led to the birth
-
-14
-00:00:40,610 --> 00:00:44,590
-of Agile Softer Development. Specifically for those of you who are
-
-15
-00:00:44,590 --> 00:00:47,200
-interested in a little bit of history. In February 2001
-
-16
-00:00:47,200 --> 00:00:50,430
-a group of software developers, 17 of them, met to discuss
-
-17
-00:00:50,430 --> 00:00:53,950
-lightweight development methods and published Manifesto for Agile
-
-18
-00:00:53,950 --> 00:00:57,630
-Software Developement. Which introduces and defines the concept of
-
-19
-00:00:57,630 --> 00:01:00,990
-agile software development, or agile methods. In a
-
-20
-00:01:00,990 --> 00:01:03,770
-nutshell, agile methods aim at flat cost and a
-
-21
-00:01:03,770 --> 00:01:06,190
-decrease in traditional overhead by following a set
-
-22
-00:01:06,190 --> 00:01:09,400
-of important principles. Our first principle is to focus
-
-23
-00:01:09,400 --> 00:01:11,700
-on the code, rather than the design, to avoid
-
-24
-00:01:11,700 --> 00:01:16,080
-unnecessary changes. Another principle is to focus on people,
-
-25
-00:01:16,080 --> 00:01:20,100
-value people over process, and make sure to reward people.
-
-26
-00:01:20,100 --> 00:01:22,990
-In addition agile methods are all based on iterative approaches to
-
-27
-00:01:22,990 --> 00:01:26,310
-software development, to deliver working software quickly, and to be
-
-28
-00:01:26,310 --> 00:01:29,230
-evolve it Just as quickly based on feedback. And feedback can
-
-29
-00:01:29,230 --> 00:01:31,740
-come from many sources, in particular, it'll come from the
-
-30
-00:01:31,740 --> 00:01:34,500
-customer, it'll be customer feedback. And to be able to do
-
-31
-00:01:34,500 --> 00:01:38,040
-so, agile methods need to involve the customer throughout the development
-
-32
-00:01:38,040 --> 00:01:41,260
-process. Finally, there are two more principles I want to mention.
-
-33
-00:01:41,260 --> 00:01:43,620
-Which are cornerstones of agile methods. The first
-
-34
-00:01:43,620 --> 00:01:46,520
-one is the expectation that requirements will change, and
-
-35
-00:01:46,520 --> 00:01:48,010
-therefore, we need to be able to handle some
-
-36
-00:01:48,010 --> 00:01:50,570
-changes. We can't count on the requirements to be
-
-37
-00:01:50,570 --> 00:01:52,890
-still and unmutable. And the last principle is
-
-38
-00:01:52,890 --> 00:01:56,430
-the mentality of simplicity. Simple design and simple code
-
-39
-00:01:56,430 --> 00:01:58,810
-and so on. But be careful, because simple does
-
-40
-00:01:58,810 --> 00:02:02,060
-not mean inadequate, but rather, as simple as possible.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/4 - Extreme Programming (XP) - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/4 - Extreme Programming (XP) - lang_en_vs4.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/4 - Extreme Programming (XP) - lang_en_vs4.srt	
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@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,490
-So now let's talk about a specific agile method, which
-
-2
-00:00:02,490 --> 00:00:05,850
-is also one of the first ones, extreme programming, also called
-
-3
-00:00:05,850 --> 00:00:08,430
-XP. And to introduce XP, I'm going to start with
-
-4
-00:00:08,430 --> 00:00:12,520
-a quote. The quote says XP is a lightweight methodology for
-
-5
-00:00:12,520 --> 00:00:16,180
-small to medium sized teams developing software in the face
-
-6
-00:00:16,180 --> 00:00:19,770
-of vague or rapidly-changing requirements. And this is a quote from
-
-7
-00:00:19,770 --> 00:00:23,010
-Kent Beck the American Software Engineer that created extreme programming.
-
-8
-00:00:23,010 --> 00:00:25,630
-And by the way Beck was one of the original 17
-
-9
-00:00:25,630 --> 00:00:29,570
-developers who signed the manifesto in 2001. And as you can see
-
-10
-00:00:29,570 --> 00:00:31,940
-we are still talking about the methodology. So we are not just
-
-11
-00:00:31,940 --> 00:00:35,760
-talking about going out and just start writing software. There are principles.
-
-12
-00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:38,130
-And there are practices that we need to follow, but we're going
-
-13
-00:00:38,130 --> 00:00:40,330
-to do it in a much more agile, and a much more
-
-14
-00:00:40,330 --> 00:00:43,720
-flexible ways than we did for our software processes. And also note
-
-15
-00:00:43,720 --> 00:00:45,340
-that the vague and rapidly changing
-
-16
-00:00:45,340 --> 00:00:47,190
-requirements are explicitly mentioned, because this
-
-17
-00:00:47,190 --> 00:00:51,130
-is really one of the important parts about all of this agile methodologies.
-
-18
-00:00:51,130 --> 00:00:54,780
-so what is XP? XP is a. Lightweight. Humanistic.
-
-19
-00:00:54,780 --> 00:00:58,250
-Discipline. Of software development. It is lightweight because it doesn't
-
-20
-00:00:58,250 --> 00:01:02,190
-overburden the developers with an invasive process. So process
-
-21
-00:01:02,190 --> 00:01:04,510
-is kept to a minimum. It's humanistic because as we
-
-22
-00:01:04,510 --> 00:01:07,760
-said, it's centered on people. People, developers, customers, are
-
-23
-00:01:07,760 --> 00:01:10,520
-at the center of the process. It's a discipline, as
-
-24
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-we said, it includes practices that we to Follow.
-
-25
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-And finally, is of course about software development. Software development
-
-26
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-is a key point of the whole method. In XP, developing
-
-27
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-is like driving, imagine having a road, a wind road, we need
-
-28
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-to able to drive our car down the road, take the
-
-29
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-abrupt turns, react promptly to changes, for example obstacles on the road.
-
-30
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-So, in a nutshell, change is the only constant. Eyes always
-
-31
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-have to be on the road and it's about steering and not
-
-32
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-pointing, and XP is trying to do the same thing, while creating
-
-33
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-softer systems. In XP we need to adopt a mentality of sufficiency,
-
-34
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-what does that mean? How would you program if you had all
-
-35
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-the time in the world? No time constraints at all, you will probably
-
-36
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-write tests instead of skipping them, because there's no more resources. You
-
-37
-00:01:51,090 --> 00:01:53,200
-will probably restructure your code often,
-
-38
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-because you see opportunities to improve it,
-
-39
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-and you will take them. And you will probably talk to fellow
-
-40
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-programmers and with the customer, interact with them, and this is actually the
-
-41
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-kind of mentality that XP is trying to promote and agile processes
-
-42
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-in general. And we will see that the following some of the practices
-
-43
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-that XP is advocating, you can actually achieve these goals and you can
-
-44
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-actually behave in this way. And the
-
-45
-00:02:12,840 --> 00:02:15,010
-development process is going to benefit overall.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/5 - XP's Values, Principles, and Practices - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/5 - XP's Values, Principles, and Practices - lang_en_vs4.srt
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@@ -1,151 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,218 --> 00:00:03,030
-Next I'm going to go over some of the XP's values
-
-2
-00:00:03,030 --> 00:00:05,870
-and principles that I just hinted on earlier in the lesson.
-
-3
-00:00:05,870 --> 00:00:08,820
-The first one, the first important value is communication. There
-
-4
-00:00:08,820 --> 00:00:12,350
-is no good project without good communication. And XP tries to
-
-5
-00:00:12,350 --> 00:00:15,470
-keep the right communication flowing and it uses several practices
-
-6
-00:00:15,470 --> 00:00:18,890
-to do that. It's got practices based on and require information
-
-7
-00:00:18,890 --> 00:00:21,950
-and in general share the information. For example, pair programming.
-
-8
-00:00:21,950 --> 00:00:25,140
-And we're going to say more about that. User stories, customer involvement,
-
-9
-00:00:25,140 --> 00:00:28,240
-all activities that help communication,
-
-10
-00:00:28,240 --> 00:00:30,440
-that faster communication. Another important
-
-11
-00:00:30,440 --> 00:00:33,420
-principle that we already saw, is simplicity. And the motto here
-
-12
-00:00:33,420 --> 00:00:35,680
-is live for today without worrying too much about the
-
-13
-00:00:35,680 --> 00:00:38,230
-future. When you have to do something, look for the simplest
-
-14
-00:00:38,230 --> 00:00:40,580
-thing that works. And the emphasis here is on, that
-
-15
-00:00:40,580 --> 00:00:43,520
-works. We want to build something simple, but not something stupid.
-
-16
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-Feedback. That's extremely important in XP, and it occurs at
-
-17
-00:00:47,090 --> 00:00:50,560
-different levels, and it is used to drive changes. For example,
-
-18
-00:00:50,560 --> 00:00:53,910
-developers write test cases. And that's immediate feedback. If your test cases
-
-19
-00:00:53,910 --> 00:00:56,140
-fail, there's something wrong with the code. Or there's something that you
-
-20
-00:00:56,140 --> 00:00:59,690
-still haven't developed. Developers also estimate new stories right away as soon
-
-21
-00:00:59,690 --> 00:01:02,060
-as they get them from the customers and that's immediate feedback to
-
-22
-00:01:02,060 --> 00:01:05,515
-the customer. And finally, on a slightly longer time frame, customers and
-
-23
-00:01:05,515 --> 00:01:07,820
-tester develop together functional system test
-
-24
-00:01:07,820 --> 00:01:09,600
-cases to assess the overall system.
-
-25
-00:01:09,600 --> 00:01:12,100
-And also in this case, that's a great way to provide feedback
-
-26
-00:01:12,100 --> 00:01:15,850
-and by the way, also to help communication. And finally, courage, the courage
-
-27
-00:01:15,850 --> 00:01:18,860
-to throw away code if it doesn't work. To change it if you
-
-28
-00:01:18,860 --> 00:01:21,710
-find a way to improve it. To fix it if you find a problem.
-
-29
-00:01:21,710 --> 00:01:24,300
-To try out new things if you think that they might work better
-
-30
-00:01:24,300 --> 00:01:27,410
-than what you have right now. Now, that we can build and test systems
-
-31
-00:01:27,410 --> 00:01:30,150
-very quickly, we can be much braver than what we were before. So
-
-32
-00:01:30,150 --> 00:01:33,790
-how do we accomplish all that? And what are XP's practices that are going to
-
-33
-00:01:33,790 --> 00:01:37,750
-help us follow these principles and adhere to those values? These are some
-
-34
-00:01:37,750 --> 00:01:40,900
-of XP practices. There are more, but those are the ones that I'd like
-
-35
-00:01:40,900 --> 00:01:44,240
-to discuss in a little more depth, individually. Incremental planning,
-
-36
-00:01:44,240 --> 00:01:48,230
-small releases, simple design, test first, refactoring. We will actually
-
-37
-00:01:48,230 --> 00:01:51,680
-have a whole lesson next on refactoring. Pair programming, continuous
-
-38
-00:01:51,680 --> 00:01:55,240
-integration, and on-site customer. So let's start with incremental planning.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/6 - Incremental Planning - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/6 - Incremental Planning - lang_en_vs4.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/6 - Incremental Planning - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:03,390
-Incremental planning is based on the idea that requirements are recorded
-
-2
-00:00:03,390 --> 00:00:07,260
-on story cards, sort of use cases or scenarios that the customer
-
-3
-00:00:07,260 --> 00:00:10,450
-provides. So the first step in incremental planning is to select
-
-4
-00:00:10,450 --> 00:00:14,120
-user stories for a given release, and which stories exactly to include
-
-5
-00:00:14,120 --> 00:00:16,975
-depends on the time available and on the priority. For example,
-
-6
-00:00:16,975 --> 00:00:19,147
-scenarios that we might want to realize right away because they are
-
-7
-00:00:19,147 --> 00:00:22,110
-particular important for the customer. After we select user stories for
-
-8
-00:00:22,110 --> 00:00:25,200
-the release, we break stories i to tasks. So what we do,
-
-9
-00:00:25,200 --> 00:00:29,260
-we take the user stories and we identify specific development tasks
-
-10
-00:00:29,260 --> 00:00:32,320
-that we need to perform in order to realize these stories. Once
-
-11
-00:00:32,320 --> 00:00:34,780
-we know our tasks, we can plan our release. And at
-
-12
-00:00:34,780 --> 00:00:38,050
-that point, we can develop, integrate and test our code. And of
-
-13
-00:00:38,050 --> 00:00:41,170
-course, this is more kind of an iterative process right here,
-
-14
-00:00:41,170 --> 00:00:44,250
-so we do this many times. When we're ready, when we accomplish
-
-15
-00:00:44,250 --> 00:00:46,990
-all of our tasks, all of our tests pass and we're happy,
-
-16
-00:00:46,990 --> 00:00:50,410
-we release this software. At the point, the released software is evaluated
-
-17
-00:00:50,410 --> 00:00:53,250
-by us, by the customer, and we can reiterate. We can
-
-18
-00:00:53,250 --> 00:00:56,360
-continue the process, select more stories and continue it this way.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/7 - Small Releases - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/7 - Small Releases - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 0437621..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/7 - Small Releases - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,210 --> 00:00:02,790
-The first practice that we just saw goes together with
-
-2
-00:00:02,790 --> 00:00:06,320
-small releases practice. This idea that instead of having a big
-
-3
-00:00:06,320 --> 00:00:09,390
-release at the end of a long development cycle, we try
-
-4
-00:00:09,390 --> 00:00:12,610
-to release very often. And there are many advantages to small
-
-5
-00:00:12,610 --> 00:00:15,260
-releases and to releasing often. The first one is that
-
-6
-00:00:15,260 --> 00:00:18,980
-we deliver real business value on a very short cycle. And
-
-7
-00:00:18,980 --> 00:00:22,070
-what that means is that we get business value sooner, and
-
-8
-00:00:22,070 --> 00:00:25,550
-that in turn increase our customer confidence and makes the customer
-
-9
-00:00:25,550 --> 00:00:29,040
-more happy. So more releases also mean rapid feedback. We
-
-10
-00:00:29,040 --> 00:00:32,420
-release the software soon, we get feedback from the customer soon,
-
-11
-00:00:32,420 --> 00:00:34,710
-and we can in this way do exactly what we
-
-12
-00:00:34,710 --> 00:00:38,510
-were saying before, steer instead of driving, adapt weekly to possible
-
-13
-00:00:38,510 --> 00:00:41,680
-changes in the requirements. We avoid working for six months
-
-14
-00:00:41,680 --> 00:00:43,970
-on a project and find out six months later that the
-
-15
-00:00:43,970 --> 00:00:46,950
-customer wanted something else and we got the wrong requirements. In
-
-16
-00:00:46,950 --> 00:00:50,610
-addition having small releases, so seeing your product deployed and released
-
-17
-00:00:50,610 --> 00:00:54,040
-soon produces a sense of accomplishment for the developers.
-
-18
-00:00:54,040 --> 00:00:57,000
-And in addition, it also reduces risk because again,
-
-19
-00:00:57,000 --> 00:00:58,640
-if we're going down the wrong path, we will
-
-20
-00:00:58,640 --> 00:01:00,730
-know right away. If we're late, we will know right
-
-21
-00:01:00,730 --> 00:01:03,370
-away. So these are just additional advantages of having
-
-22
-00:01:03,370 --> 00:01:06,140
-this quick cycle and more releases. And finally, as we
-
-23
-00:01:06,140 --> 00:01:09,130
-also said before, we can quickly adapt in the
-
-24
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-case our requirements change our code to the new requirements.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/8 - Simple Design - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/8 - Simple Design - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 3a8962c..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/8 - Simple Design - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:02,790
-The next practice is simple design. We want to avoid
-
-2
-00:00:02,790 --> 00:00:07,330
-creating a huge complicated possibly cumbersome design at the beginning of
-
-3
-00:00:07,330 --> 00:00:09,730
-the project. What we want to have instead is just
-
-4
-00:00:09,730 --> 00:00:14,580
-enough design to meet the requirements, so no duplicated functionality, fewest
-
-5
-00:00:14,580 --> 00:00:17,910
-possible classes and methods in general, just the amount of
-
-6
-00:00:17,910 --> 00:00:20,860
-design that we need to get our system to work. So
-
-7
-00:00:20,860 --> 00:00:23,012
-one might object that to for designing that way we
-
-8
-00:00:23,012 --> 00:00:25,210
-will have to change the code a lot, we will need
-
-9
-00:00:25,210 --> 00:00:27,300
-to adapt the design as the code evolves,
-
-10
-00:00:27,300 --> 00:00:29,180
-and that's exactly the point. That's what we will
-
-11
-00:00:29,180 --> 00:00:31,670
-do. XP is all about changing and adapting,
-
-12
-00:00:31,670 --> 00:00:34,850
-changing your design, changing your code, refactoring. And with
-
-13
-00:00:34,850 --> 00:00:37,420
-the fact that we have test cases throughout
-
-14
-00:00:37,420 --> 00:00:39,770
-the development process, we can do that with confidence.
-
-15
-00:00:39,770 --> 00:00:41,220
-Because if we break something we will know
-
-16
-00:00:41,220 --> 00:00:43,590
-right away, which leads us to the next practice.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/9 - Test First Development - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/9 - Test First Development - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index b2a461b..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L4 Agile Development Methods Subtitles/9 - Test First Development - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,610
-Which is test-first development. The key idea is that any program
-
-2
-00:00:03,610 --> 00:00:07,210
-feature that doesn't have an automatic test simply does not exist. If
-
-3
-00:00:07,210 --> 00:00:09,430
-there is a feature, you need to write a test for the
-
-4
-00:00:09,430 --> 00:00:13,630
-feature before. So, what developers do is to create unit tests for
-
-5
-00:00:13,630 --> 00:00:17,420
-each such piece of functionality even before the functionality is implemented.
-
-6
-00:00:17,420 --> 00:00:19,720
-And of course, when you run this test, they will fail. But
-
-7
-00:00:19,720 --> 00:00:22,190
-the beauty of it is that, as you write your code and
-
-8
-00:00:22,190 --> 00:00:25,680
-you add more and more fractionality to the feature that you're developing,
-
-9
-00:00:25,680 --> 00:00:27,820
-these test cases are going to start to pass.
-
-10
-00:00:27,820 --> 00:00:30,190
-And that's extremely rewarding because it gives you immediate
-
-11
-00:00:30,190 --> 00:00:32,530
-feedback, again feedback on the fact that you're
-
-12
-00:00:32,530 --> 00:00:34,530
-developing the code in the right way. As soon
-
-13
-00:00:34,530 --> 00:00:37,000
-as you write it, you will know. And if you write a piece of code and the
-
-14
-00:00:37,000 --> 00:00:38,550
-test says still fail, that means that the
-
-15
-00:00:38,550 --> 00:00:40,140
-code is not doing what it's supposed to do.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index bab48c0..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/1 - Lesson Overview - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,220
-In the previous lesson, we discussed agile
-
-2
-00:00:02,220 --> 00:00:05,689
-software development. Its principles and practices. And two
-
-3
-00:00:05,689 --> 00:00:10,060
-specific agile processes. XP and Scrub. In
-
-4
-00:00:10,060 --> 00:00:12,230
-this lesson, we will introduce a practice that
-
-5
-00:00:12,230 --> 00:00:15,020
-is of fundamental importance in the context
-
-6
-00:00:15,020 --> 00:00:20,120
-of agile software development. Software refactoring. Software refactoring
-
-7
-00:00:20,120 --> 00:00:22,030
-is the process of taking a program and
-
-8
-00:00:22,030 --> 00:00:25,040
-transforming it to make it better. That is,
-
-9
-00:00:25,040 --> 00:00:27,240
-to make it easier to understand, make it
-
-10
-00:00:27,240 --> 00:00:29,880
-more maintainable, and in general to improve its
-
-11
-00:00:29,880 --> 00:00:34,300
-design. Specifically, we will discuss what the refactoring
-
-12
-00:00:34,300 --> 00:00:37,680
-is and why it is important? When to perform
-
-13
-00:00:37,680 --> 00:00:40,980
-refactoring, and when not to perform refactoring? And
-
-14
-00:00:40,980 --> 00:00:44,520
-how to perform refactoring in a fully automated way,
-
-15
-00:00:44,520 --> 00:00:47,293
-using tools. We will also introduce the concept
-
-16
-00:00:47,293 --> 00:00:50,040
-of bad smells, where a bad smell, in software,
-
-17
-00:00:50,040 --> 00:00:53,323
-is the indication that there might be something wrong with
-
-18
-00:00:53,323 --> 00:00:56,890
-the code that might call for the application of refactoring.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/10 - Consolidate Conditional Expression Solution - lang_en_vs3.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/10 - Consolidate Conditional Expression Solution - lang_en_vs3.srt
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index 89f2722..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/10 - Consolidate Conditional Expression Solution - lang_en_vs3.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:03,230
-So the resulting code will be like this. As you can see here,
-
-2
-00:00:03,230 --> 00:00:06,602
-now I don't have the conditionals any longer, but I just have a call to
-
-3
-00:00:06,602 --> 00:00:09,938
-this notEligibleForDisability method. And this makes the code so
-
-4
-00:00:09,938 --> 00:00:14,092
-much clearer, because if I just need to understand how disabilityAmount works,
-
-5
-00:00:14,092 --> 00:00:17,945
-I can clearly see there is an initial check that is actually checking whether
-
-6
-00:00:17,945 --> 00:00:22,030
-an employee's eligible for disabilities or not. And if the check is false, so
-
-7
-00:00:22,030 --> 00:00:26,180
-if the employee's eligible, then I'll just perform the rest of the computation.
-
-8
-00:00:26,180 --> 00:00:27,710
-Otherwise I'll simply return zero.
-
-9
-00:00:27,710 --> 00:00:30,500
-So if I don't need to understand the details of this check,
-
-10
-00:00:30,500 --> 00:00:33,630
-I can simply look at this method and understand it all. And if I need to look at
-
-11
-00:00:33,630 --> 00:00:36,990
-the details I can just go, and look at the implementation of this method,
-
-12
-00:00:36,990 --> 00:00:39,600
-and I will get exactly the same information that I have here. But I'm sort of
-
-13
-00:00:39,600 --> 00:00:43,220
-separating the concerns, and making the code overall more understandable, and
-
-14
-00:00:43,220 --> 00:00:46,160
-therefore more maintainable, which is the main goal of refactoring.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/11 - Decompose Conditionals - lang_en-us_vs2.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/11 - Decompose Conditionals - lang_en-us_vs2.srt
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index ef89eb8..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/11 - Decompose Conditionals - lang_en-us_vs2.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,263 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:02,740
-Let's now see a related refactoring, which is the
-
-2
-00:00:02,740 --> 00:00:06,200
-decompose conditional refactoring. What happens here is that in some
-
-3
-00:00:06,200 --> 00:00:08,980
-cases, the complexity of the conditional logic in a program
-
-4
-00:00:08,980 --> 00:00:12,040
-can make a method hard to read and understand. Specifically
-
-5
-00:00:12,040 --> 00:00:15,760
-we might have one or more particularly complex conditional
-
-6
-00:00:15,760 --> 00:00:18,580
-statements. And similar to what we discussed for the previous
-
-7
-00:00:18,580 --> 00:00:21,630
-refactoring, the conditional, if it's too complex, might tell you
-
-8
-00:00:21,630 --> 00:00:25,170
-what happens, but obscure why it happens. To address this
-
-9
-00:00:25,170 --> 00:00:27,520
-issue, you can do a similar thing to what we did in
-
-10
-00:00:27,520 --> 00:00:31,800
-the previous refactoring. You can transform the condition into a method and then
-
-11
-00:00:31,800 --> 00:00:35,260
-replace the condition with a call to that method. And if you give
-
-12
-00:00:35,260 --> 00:00:37,930
-the right name to the method, as we saw in the last example,
-
-13
-00:00:37,930 --> 00:00:41,730
-that can make the code much clearer and much easier to understand. In
-
-14
-00:00:41,730 --> 00:00:44,360
-addition here you can also do something else. Let's assume that those are
-
-15
-00:00:44,360 --> 00:00:47,430
-the then and else part of the conditional are complex. We can do
-
-16
-00:00:47,430 --> 00:00:50,180
-the same thing with them. So what we can do, we can modify
-
-17
-00:00:50,180 --> 00:00:53,570
-the then and else part of the conditional by extracting the corresponding
-
-18
-00:00:53,570 --> 00:00:57,070
-code, making also that one into a method, suitably naming the method,
-
-19
-00:00:57,070 --> 00:00:59,930
-and then having the call to the method only in the then
-
-20
-00:00:59,930 --> 00:01:03,540
-and else part of the conditional statement. So let's see how that works
-
-21
-00:01:03,540 --> 00:01:06,940
-with an example. Here we have the matter that computes some charge.
-
-22
-00:01:06,940 --> 00:01:10,350
-And it computes the charge based on some corrective uses of the date
-
-23
-00:01:10,350 --> 00:01:12,930
-that is provided as input, or it's imagined or is just, you
-
-24
-00:01:12,930 --> 00:01:15,410
-know, one of the fields in the class. So as you can see,
-
-25
-00:01:15,410 --> 00:01:18,140
-there is a conditional here that checks that if the
-
-26
-00:01:18,140 --> 00:01:21,535
-dates is before the beginning of the summer, so before summer
-
-27
-00:01:21,535 --> 00:01:25,180
-start. Or it's after the summer end. Then it compute
-
-28
-00:01:25,180 --> 00:01:29,152
-the charge using some winterRate. Otherwise, if we are in the
-
-29
-00:01:29,152 --> 00:01:32,288
-summer, it will compute the quantity, the charge using a
-
-30
-00:01:32,288 --> 00:01:35,440
-summerRate. And this is just a small example, so it might
-
-31
-00:01:35,440 --> 00:01:37,990
-not look that complex. But, you know, just project this on
-
-32
-00:01:37,990 --> 00:01:40,458
-more realistic code, on larger code. You can end up with
-
-33
-00:01:40,458 --> 00:01:43,656
-the conditions that are hard to understand. And even in this case, even
-
-34
-00:01:43,656 --> 00:01:45,944
-such a small piece of code, you have to kind of look at
-
-35
-00:01:45,944 --> 00:01:48,752
-the conditionals, figure out what does it mean for the date to be
-
-36
-00:01:48,752 --> 00:01:51,800
-before the summer start and after the summer end. We can make this much
-
-37
-00:01:51,800 --> 00:01:54,780
-clearer. So, how can we do it? By applying this refactoring as we
-
-38
-00:01:54,780 --> 00:01:56,190
-described. Let's see what happens when
-
-39
-00:01:56,190 --> 00:01:58,380
-I apply the decompose conditionals refactoring to
-
-40
-00:01:58,380 --> 00:02:01,530
-this method. The first thing I will do is to take this condition,
-
-41
-00:02:01,530 --> 00:02:05,640
-create a method that perform exactly the same check, give it a meaningful name.
-
-42
-00:02:05,640 --> 00:02:09,380
-In this case I called it notSummer, which is pretty self-explanatory, and then
-
-43
-00:02:09,380 --> 00:02:12,340
-replacing the condition with a call to that matter. As you can see
-
-44
-00:02:12,340 --> 00:02:15,230
-here, there's a clear improvement in the code, because here I just need
-
-45
-00:02:15,230 --> 00:02:17,810
-to look at this statement and I see right away that the check. What
-
-46
-00:02:17,810 --> 00:02:20,680
-the check is doing is just checking whether the date is in the
-
-47
-00:02:20,680 --> 00:02:24,320
-summer or not. So, much easier than having to interpret this condition. And
-
-48
-00:02:24,320 --> 00:02:26,910
-the second thing I do is to take the code that computes the
-
-49
-00:02:26,910 --> 00:02:28,600
-charge and also in this case, creating
-
-50
-00:02:28,600 --> 00:02:31,028
-suitable methods that compute the winterCharge and
-
-51
-00:02:31,028 --> 00:02:34,838
-the summerCharge. And I called them exactly winterCharge and summerCharge which
-
-52
-00:02:34,838 --> 00:02:38,278
-again is self explanatory. And then I replace this computation with
-
-53
-00:02:38,278 --> 00:02:40,710
-a call to that method. So again, when I look at
-
-54
-00:02:40,710 --> 00:02:43,280
-this code, I can clearly see that the charge is computed
-
-55
-00:02:43,280 --> 00:02:46,570
-using some sort of winterCharge calculation and then using some sort
-
-56
-00:02:46,570 --> 00:02:50,490
-of summerCharge calculation. And if I don't want to know how
-
-57
-00:02:50,490 --> 00:02:52,670
-this is exactly computed, that's all I need to know to
-
-58
-00:02:52,670 --> 00:02:56,100
-understand what this method does. Easier and faster than looking at
-
-59
-00:02:56,100 --> 00:02:57,970
-this method and figuring out what it does. And if
-
-60
-00:02:57,970 --> 00:02:59,950
-I need to look at the details, exactly like in the
-
-61
-00:02:59,950 --> 00:03:01,550
-previous case, I can just go and look at the
-
-62
-00:03:01,550 --> 00:03:04,170
-implementation of winterCharge and summerCharge. But I will be looking at
-
-63
-00:03:04,170 --> 00:03:06,980
-that in its specific context. So, without having to understand
-
-64
-00:03:06,980 --> 00:03:09,760
-everything at once. So in this way, you make it clear
-
-65
-00:03:09,760 --> 00:03:12,840
-both why you're doing something, because it is notSummer, and
-
-66
-00:03:12,840 --> 00:03:16,300
-what exactly you're doing. You're computing a winterCharge, or a summerCharge.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/11 - Decompose Conditionals - lang_en_vs8.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/11 - Decompose Conditionals - lang_en_vs8.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index ef89eb8..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/11 - Decompose Conditionals - lang_en_vs8.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,263 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:02,740
-Let's now see a related refactoring, which is the
-
-2
-00:00:02,740 --> 00:00:06,200
-decompose conditional refactoring. What happens here is that in some
-
-3
-00:00:06,200 --> 00:00:08,980
-cases, the complexity of the conditional logic in a program
-
-4
-00:00:08,980 --> 00:00:12,040
-can make a method hard to read and understand. Specifically
-
-5
-00:00:12,040 --> 00:00:15,760
-we might have one or more particularly complex conditional
-
-6
-00:00:15,760 --> 00:00:18,580
-statements. And similar to what we discussed for the previous
-
-7
-00:00:18,580 --> 00:00:21,630
-refactoring, the conditional, if it's too complex, might tell you
-
-8
-00:00:21,630 --> 00:00:25,170
-what happens, but obscure why it happens. To address this
-
-9
-00:00:25,170 --> 00:00:27,520
-issue, you can do a similar thing to what we did in
-
-10
-00:00:27,520 --> 00:00:31,800
-the previous refactoring. You can transform the condition into a method and then
-
-11
-00:00:31,800 --> 00:00:35,260
-replace the condition with a call to that method. And if you give
-
-12
-00:00:35,260 --> 00:00:37,930
-the right name to the method, as we saw in the last example,
-
-13
-00:00:37,930 --> 00:00:41,730
-that can make the code much clearer and much easier to understand. In
-
-14
-00:00:41,730 --> 00:00:44,360
-addition here you can also do something else. Let's assume that those are
-
-15
-00:00:44,360 --> 00:00:47,430
-the then and else part of the conditional are complex. We can do
-
-16
-00:00:47,430 --> 00:00:50,180
-the same thing with them. So what we can do, we can modify
-
-17
-00:00:50,180 --> 00:00:53,570
-the then and else part of the conditional by extracting the corresponding
-
-18
-00:00:53,570 --> 00:00:57,070
-code, making also that one into a method, suitably naming the method,
-
-19
-00:00:57,070 --> 00:00:59,930
-and then having the call to the method only in the then
-
-20
-00:00:59,930 --> 00:01:03,540
-and else part of the conditional statement. So let's see how that works
-
-21
-00:01:03,540 --> 00:01:06,940
-with an example. Here we have the matter that computes some charge.
-
-22
-00:01:06,940 --> 00:01:10,350
-And it computes the charge based on some corrective uses of the date
-
-23
-00:01:10,350 --> 00:01:12,930
-that is provided as input, or it's imagined or is just, you
-
-24
-00:01:12,930 --> 00:01:15,410
-know, one of the fields in the class. So as you can see,
-
-25
-00:01:15,410 --> 00:01:18,140
-there is a conditional here that checks that if the
-
-26
-00:01:18,140 --> 00:01:21,535
-dates is before the beginning of the summer, so before summer
-
-27
-00:01:21,535 --> 00:01:25,180
-start. Or it's after the summer end. Then it compute
-
-28
-00:01:25,180 --> 00:01:29,152
-the charge using some winterRate. Otherwise, if we are in the
-
-29
-00:01:29,152 --> 00:01:32,288
-summer, it will compute the quantity, the charge using a
-
-30
-00:01:32,288 --> 00:01:35,440
-summerRate. And this is just a small example, so it might
-
-31
-00:01:35,440 --> 00:01:37,990
-not look that complex. But, you know, just project this on
-
-32
-00:01:37,990 --> 00:01:40,458
-more realistic code, on larger code. You can end up with
-
-33
-00:01:40,458 --> 00:01:43,656
-the conditions that are hard to understand. And even in this case, even
-
-34
-00:01:43,656 --> 00:01:45,944
-such a small piece of code, you have to kind of look at
-
-35
-00:01:45,944 --> 00:01:48,752
-the conditionals, figure out what does it mean for the date to be
-
-36
-00:01:48,752 --> 00:01:51,800
-before the summer start and after the summer end. We can make this much
-
-37
-00:01:51,800 --> 00:01:54,780
-clearer. So, how can we do it? By applying this refactoring as we
-
-38
-00:01:54,780 --> 00:01:56,190
-described. Let's see what happens when
-
-39
-00:01:56,190 --> 00:01:58,380
-I apply the decompose conditionals refactoring to
-
-40
-00:01:58,380 --> 00:02:01,530
-this method. The first thing I will do is to take this condition,
-
-41
-00:02:01,530 --> 00:02:05,640
-create a method that perform exactly the same check, give it a meaningful name.
-
-42
-00:02:05,640 --> 00:02:09,380
-In this case I called it notSummer, which is pretty self-explanatory, and then
-
-43
-00:02:09,380 --> 00:02:12,340
-replacing the condition with a call to that matter. As you can see
-
-44
-00:02:12,340 --> 00:02:15,230
-here, there's a clear improvement in the code, because here I just need
-
-45
-00:02:15,230 --> 00:02:17,810
-to look at this statement and I see right away that the check. What
-
-46
-00:02:17,810 --> 00:02:20,680
-the check is doing is just checking whether the date is in the
-
-47
-00:02:20,680 --> 00:02:24,320
-summer or not. So, much easier than having to interpret this condition. And
-
-48
-00:02:24,320 --> 00:02:26,910
-the second thing I do is to take the code that computes the
-
-49
-00:02:26,910 --> 00:02:28,600
-charge and also in this case, creating
-
-50
-00:02:28,600 --> 00:02:31,028
-suitable methods that compute the winterCharge and
-
-51
-00:02:31,028 --> 00:02:34,838
-the summerCharge. And I called them exactly winterCharge and summerCharge which
-
-52
-00:02:34,838 --> 00:02:38,278
-again is self explanatory. And then I replace this computation with
-
-53
-00:02:38,278 --> 00:02:40,710
-a call to that method. So again, when I look at
-
-54
-00:02:40,710 --> 00:02:43,280
-this code, I can clearly see that the charge is computed
-
-55
-00:02:43,280 --> 00:02:46,570
-using some sort of winterCharge calculation and then using some sort
-
-56
-00:02:46,570 --> 00:02:50,490
-of summerCharge calculation. And if I don't want to know how
-
-57
-00:02:50,490 --> 00:02:52,670
-this is exactly computed, that's all I need to know to
-
-58
-00:02:52,670 --> 00:02:56,100
-understand what this method does. Easier and faster than looking at
-
-59
-00:02:56,100 --> 00:02:57,970
-this method and figuring out what it does. And if
-
-60
-00:02:57,970 --> 00:02:59,950
-I need to look at the details, exactly like in the
-
-61
-00:02:59,950 --> 00:03:01,550
-previous case, I can just go and look at the
-
-62
-00:03:01,550 --> 00:03:04,170
-implementation of winterCharge and summerCharge. But I will be looking at
-
-63
-00:03:04,170 --> 00:03:06,980
-that in its specific context. So, without having to understand
-
-64
-00:03:06,980 --> 00:03:09,760
-everything at once. So in this way, you make it clear
-
-65
-00:03:09,760 --> 00:03:12,840
-both why you're doing something, because it is notSummer, and
-
-66
-00:03:12,840 --> 00:03:16,300
-what exactly you're doing. You're computing a winterCharge, or a summerCharge.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/12 - Extract Class - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/12 - Extract Class - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 07c93ed..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/12 - Extract Class - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:02,890
-We are now going to talk about the extract class refactoring. When a
-
-2
-00:00:02,890 --> 00:00:06,040
-softer system evolves, we might end up with classes that really do the
-
-3
-00:00:06,040 --> 00:00:09,210
-work of more than one class because we keep adding functionality to
-
-4
-00:00:09,210 --> 00:00:11,010
-the class. Therefore also they're too
-
-5
-00:00:11,010 --> 00:00:13,160
-big, too complicated. In particular, we might
-
-6
-00:00:13,160 --> 00:00:15,250
-end up with a class that is doing the work of two
-
-7
-00:00:15,250 --> 00:00:18,890
-classes. Typical examples are classes with many methods and quite a lot of
-
-8
-00:00:18,890 --> 00:00:22,520
-data, quite a lot of fields. In this case, it's normally good idea
-
-9
-00:00:22,520 --> 00:00:25,120
-to split the class into two, so what you will do, you will
-
-10
-00:00:25,120 --> 00:00:28,700
-create a new class and move there the relevant fields and methods from
-
-11
-00:00:28,700 --> 00:00:31,700
-the original class. So as to have two classes, each one implementing a
-
-12
-00:00:31,700 --> 00:00:34,900
-piece of the functionality. Let's look at an example. In this case we're
-
-13
-00:00:34,900 --> 00:00:38,850
-going to use a UML like representation for the class. We have this class Person
-
-14
-00:00:38,850 --> 00:00:41,769
-that ends up representing also a phone number. And imagine that we add
-
-15
-00:00:41,769 --> 00:00:44,500
-up these pieces, you know, a little bit at the time so we end
-
-16
-00:00:44,500 --> 00:00:47,430
-up with something that really is doing the job of the person and
-
-17
-00:00:47,430 --> 00:00:50,490
-of the phone number. So what we can do, we can actually do exactly
-
-18
-00:00:50,490 --> 00:00:52,650
-what we described here. We split this class
-
-19
-00:00:52,650 --> 00:00:55,470
-into a Person class, and the Phone Number class.
-
-20
-00:00:55,470 --> 00:00:57,440
-And then we establish a use relation, so we
-
-21
-00:00:57,440 --> 00:00:59,470
-have a reference of the phone number class into
-
-22
-00:00:59,470 --> 00:01:01,960
-this class. And by separating the telephone number behavior
-
-23
-00:01:01,960 --> 00:01:04,680
-into its own class, I once more improved the
-
-24
-00:01:04,680 --> 00:01:06,980
-structure of the code, because now I have classes
-
-25
-00:01:06,980 --> 00:01:09,070
-that are more cohesive, and do exactly one thing.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/13 - Inline Class - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/13 - Inline Class - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index a7f7f2f..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/13 - Inline Class - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:03,825
-This new refactoring called inline class is the reverse of the extract class
-
-2
-00:00:03,825 --> 00:00:06,700
-refactoring. And know that this is kind of a general situation in the
-
-3
-00:00:06,700 --> 00:00:09,500
-sense that it is often the case that the refactoring also has a
-
-4
-00:00:09,500 --> 00:00:11,480
-reverse refactoring that does exactly the
-
-5
-00:00:11,480 --> 00:00:13,202
-opposite. So basically, un-dos, in a sense,
-
-6
-00:00:13,202 --> 00:00:16,830
-the operation of the other refactoring. In this case, the motivation for the
-
-7
-00:00:16,830 --> 00:00:19,760
-refactoring is that during system evolution, we might end up with one or
-
-8
-00:00:19,760 --> 00:00:22,530
-more classes that do not do much. In this case what you want
-
-9
-00:00:22,530 --> 00:00:25,350
-to do is to take the class that is not doing that much and
-
-10
-00:00:25,350 --> 00:00:28,740
-move its features into another class. And then delete the original class.
-
-11
-00:00:28,740 --> 00:00:31,010
-So lets use an example similar to the one we've used for
-
-12
-00:00:31,010 --> 00:00:34,000
-the previous refactoring to illustrate how this works. Here we have in
-
-13
-00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:37,750
-this case, two classes, person and office. And the person class is
-
-14
-00:00:37,750 --> 00:00:40,720
-using the office class, but this latter class, the office class, only
-
-15
-00:00:40,720 --> 00:00:44,000
-contains a phone number. So it doesn't really do that much. What
-
-16
-00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:47,020
-we can do is therefore to fold the office class into the
-
-17
-00:00:47,020 --> 00:00:50,470
-person class, by simply moving its only field into the class. And so
-
-18
-00:00:50,470 --> 00:00:53,260
-the result will be this person class that also contains the information
-
-19
-00:00:53,260 --> 00:00:56,600
-about the office number, and overall a simpler design for the code.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/14 - Extract Method - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/14 - Extract Method - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 88769e0..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/14 - Extract Method - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,060 --> 00:00:02,406
-The next re-factoring which is also the last one that we'll
-
-2
-00:00:02,406 --> 00:00:05,640
-see, extract method is one of the most commonly used re-factoring. As
-
-3
-00:00:05,640 --> 00:00:09,080
-it is applicable in many, many situations. The starting point is
-
-4
-00:00:09,080 --> 00:00:12,720
-a method that is too long and contains cohesive code fragments, that
-
-5
-00:00:12,720 --> 00:00:16,180
-really serve a single very specific purpose. So we start from
-
-6
-00:00:16,180 --> 00:00:19,270
-a cohesive code fragment in a large method. What we can do
-
-7
-00:00:19,270 --> 00:00:22,370
-in this case, is to create a method using that code fragment.
-
-8
-00:00:22,370 --> 00:00:25,620
-And then replacing the code fragment with a call to that method.
-
-9
-00:00:25,620 --> 00:00:28,390
-Let's look at this with an example. Here over this method called
-
-10
-00:00:28,390 --> 00:00:31,070
-print owing, and what it does, imagine that it does a lot
-
-11
-00:00:31,070 --> 00:00:33,850
-of operations here that I'm just not listing, and then it's got
-
-12
-00:00:33,850 --> 00:00:37,620
-a set of print statements. That are just printing a lot of details
-
-13
-00:00:37,620 --> 00:00:41,280
-about the owing information. And then again, a lot of code after
-
-14
-00:00:41,280 --> 00:00:44,270
-that. So what I could do in this case to simplify. The
-
-15
-00:00:44,270 --> 00:00:47,940
-method is to transform this set of statements. They are cohesive in
-
-16
-00:00:47,940 --> 00:00:51,120
-the sense that they do just one thing, they just print these details
-
-17
-00:00:51,120 --> 00:00:53,890
-into a method, and then I had, replace the statements with a
-
-18
-00:00:53,890 --> 00:00:56,740
-call to that method. Which is actually something similar to what we did
-
-19
-00:00:56,740 --> 00:00:59,900
-as part of some the previous re-factoring's. Here I'm showing the result.
-
-20
-00:00:59,900 --> 00:01:02,770
-So here is the method that I extracted. As you can see. It
-
-21
-00:01:02,770 --> 00:01:05,790
-contains the code that was previously here. I give you the meaningful
-
-22
-00:01:05,790 --> 00:01:09,080
-name, I called it printDetails so it's clear what it does. And now
-
-23
-00:01:09,080 --> 00:01:12,820
-the print owning method is simpler. Because I still have the remaining code
-
-24
-00:01:12,820 --> 00:01:17,200
-the one I didn't touch. But now this potentially long list of details.
-
-25
-00:01:17,200 --> 00:01:20,560
-Of prints, of details is not replaced by a single method code.
-
-26
-00:01:20,560 --> 00:01:23,550
-So a gain similar to the previous refactorings that we saw. If
-
-27
-00:01:23,550 --> 00:01:26,370
-we just look at the printing method, it's very easy to figure
-
-28
-00:01:26,370 --> 00:01:29,490
-out what this part does. Oh, print some details. And once more I
-
-29
-00:01:29,490 --> 00:01:33,060
-really want to stress this. If you don't care about how, this
-
-30
-00:01:33,060 --> 00:01:36,350
-is implemented and knowing that this print some details is enough. Then
-
-31
-00:01:36,350 --> 00:01:38,980
-you're done. You don't need to understand anything more. It's clear, it's
-
-32
-00:01:38,980 --> 00:01:42,430
-self explanatory. And if you'll need to look at what print details does,
-
-33
-00:01:42,430 --> 00:01:44,390
-you just go and look at print details. And you look at
-
-34
-00:01:44,390 --> 00:01:47,280
-it in isolation. So it's easier to understand what this does without having
-
-35
-00:01:47,280 --> 00:01:49,640
-to think the rest of the code. So once more the color we
-
-36
-00:01:49,640 --> 00:01:52,740
-factor in is just to improve your design, made the code more readable
-
-37
-00:01:52,740 --> 00:01:56,020
-Make the code more maintainable. And also keep in mind all of these,
-
-38
-00:01:56,020 --> 00:01:59,080
-are kind of small examples. You also always have to think about the
-
-39
-00:01:59,080 --> 00:02:02,560
-effect that this can have on larger codebases. It can really improve a
-
-40
-00:02:02,560 --> 00:02:05,280
-lot. The understandabililty, and maintainability of
-
-41
-00:02:05,280 --> 00:02:07,220
-your code. So in general, it's design.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/15 - Refactoring Demo - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/15 - Refactoring Demo - lang_en_vs4.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 0559c88..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/15 - Refactoring Demo - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,599 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,090 --> 00:00:03,110
-So now we saw, this set of re-factoring's. They're nice, but
-
-2
-00:00:03,110 --> 00:00:06,260
-how can we actually perform re-factoring's? In some cases you'll have to
-
-3
-00:00:06,260 --> 00:00:08,430
-do it by hand. And you'll do it in that case in
-
-4
-00:00:08,430 --> 00:00:10,880
-small steps, so that you can check at every step that you
-
-5
-00:00:10,880 --> 00:00:14,180
-didn't introduce any area. But there's also many cases in which at
-
-6
-00:00:14,180 --> 00:00:17,640
-least for the more standard re-factoring's, you can just apply, you can
-
-7
-00:00:17,640 --> 00:00:21,530
-just use a tool that actually supports re-factoring. I'm going to show
-
-8
-00:00:21,530 --> 00:00:24,550
-you how that works, into a specific ID, Eclipse through a demo.
-
-9
-00:00:26,120 --> 00:00:28,425
-To show you how Eclipse, can help in performing
-
-10
-00:00:28,425 --> 00:00:31,880
-re-factoring, in an automated way, I just opened the Eclipse
-
-11
-00:00:31,880 --> 00:00:35,050
-editor and I maximized it. So that we can look
-
-12
-00:00:35,050 --> 00:00:36,810
-at the code more clearly. And as you can see
-
-13
-00:00:36,810 --> 00:00:39,551
-here, I have this class. It's called Re-factorable, it's a
-
-14
-00:00:39,551 --> 00:00:43,550
-pretty indicative name. And what we're going to do, we're going to
-
-15
-00:00:43,550 --> 00:00:47,840
-try to apply the extract method re-factoring to this class.
-
-16
-00:00:47,840 --> 00:00:51,060
-And in particular, to parts of this print owing method.
-
-17
-00:00:51,060 --> 00:00:54,090
-So this is a matter than will print owing's,
-
-18
-00:00:54,090 --> 00:00:56,160
-as the name says. And it will do several things
-
-19
-00:00:56,160 --> 00:00:59,180
-such as, for example, printing a banner first, then
-
-20
-00:00:59,180 --> 00:01:03,650
-calculating the outstanding debts, and then printing some details. So
-
-21
-00:01:03,650 --> 00:01:06,980
-the starting point for an extract method re-fractoring, is
-
-22
-00:01:06,980 --> 00:01:10,650
-the identification of some cohesive code fragment. And here, for
-
-23
-00:01:10,650 --> 00:01:12,970
-instance, we can see that, if we can see there,
-
-24
-00:01:12,970 --> 00:01:16,350
-these three print statements. They are basically printing some banner,
-
-25
-00:01:16,350 --> 00:01:18,530
-for the method. And I also put a comment here
-
-26
-00:01:18,530 --> 00:01:21,160
-just to make that even more explicit. So this is a
-
-27
-00:01:21,160 --> 00:01:23,970
-perfect case in which we might want to just extract
-
-28
-00:01:23,970 --> 00:01:27,220
-this part, create an independent method, so that we can make
-
-29
-00:01:27,220 --> 00:01:31,410
-the code more readable and maintainable. So I select, the
-
-30
-00:01:31,410 --> 00:01:33,320
-part of the code, that I want to put in my
-
-31
-00:01:33,320 --> 00:01:37,080
-method. I invoke the contextual menu, and as you can see
-
-32
-00:01:37,080 --> 00:01:41,287
-there is a re-factor entry here. Here are some re-factoring's [UNKNOWN],
-
-33
-00:01:41,287 --> 00:01:45,039
-re-factoring's that I can apply, and I'm going to select extract
-
-34
-00:01:45,039 --> 00:01:48,120
-method. When I do that, Eclipse is going to ask me to
-
-35
-00:01:48,120 --> 00:01:51,610
-specify a method name. I'll just call this one print
-
-36
-00:01:51,610 --> 00:01:54,260
-banner. And as you can see, as soon as I do
-
-37
-00:01:54,260 --> 00:01:57,310
-that, Eclipse will show me the preview, for the method
-
-38
-00:01:57,310 --> 00:02:01,010
-that will be generated. I'm going to leave the access modifier. To
-
-39
-00:02:01,010 --> 00:02:03,290
-public and I'm not going to change anything else. So,
-
-40
-00:02:03,290 --> 00:02:07,760
-now when I click Ok. As you can see Eclipse modified
-
-41
-00:02:07,760 --> 00:02:10,669
-my code so that now I have the Print Banner method
-
-42
-00:02:10,669 --> 00:02:14,050
-down here that does exactly what that piece of code was doing
-
-43
-00:02:14,050 --> 00:02:16,090
-before. And I just have an invocation of the Print Banner
-
-44
-00:02:16,090 --> 00:02:19,440
-method, up here, where the code was before. And of course, this
-
-45
-00:02:19,440 --> 00:02:21,830
-is something that we could have done by hand. It's pretty
-
-46
-00:02:21,830 --> 00:02:25,480
-easy to do, but it's even easier, to do it using Eclipse's
-
-47
-00:02:25,480 --> 00:02:29,040
-capabilities. And this will become even more apparent, when we consider slightly
-
-48
-00:02:29,040 --> 00:02:32,866
-more complex case. So here, if we look at this piece of
-
-49
-00:02:32,866 --> 00:02:35,234
-code for instance, we can that see this code
-
-50
-00:02:35,234 --> 00:02:38,264
-prints some details, about the always. And the reason
-
-51
-00:02:38,264 --> 00:02:41,351
-why this case is likely more complicated, is because
-
-52
-00:02:41,351 --> 00:02:45,210
-this code needs to know about the value of outstanding.
-
-53
-00:02:45,210 --> 00:02:49,130
-And whereas that underscore name, is a member of
-
-54
-00:02:49,130 --> 00:02:51,150
-the class, and therefore will be available to the
-
-55
-00:02:51,150 --> 00:02:55,110
-method. Outstanding is a locker variable, so a method
-
-56
-00:02:55,110 --> 00:02:58,310
-different from print, oh it wouldn't know anything about outstanding.
-
-57
-00:02:58,310 --> 00:03:00,070
-So let's see what happens when we try to apply
-
-58
-00:03:00,070 --> 00:03:03,460
-a re-factoring for this code. So we go again here
-
-59
-00:03:03,460 --> 00:03:06,410
-to the re-factor menu, we select extract method, we will
-
-60
-00:03:06,410 --> 00:03:10,080
-pick a name again. So let's call it [SOUND] print details,
-
-61
-00:03:10,080 --> 00:03:12,660
-since this is what the code does. And as you
-
-62
-00:03:12,660 --> 00:03:17,270
-can see here, Eclipse was able to figure out, that outstanding
-
-63
-00:03:17,270 --> 00:03:20,290
-has to be a parameter, of this method. So if
-
-64
-00:03:20,290 --> 00:03:23,340
-you look at the signature here, this will be very clear.
-
-65
-00:03:23,340 --> 00:03:26,270
-So outstanding has to be passed to the matter because
-
-66
-00:03:26,270 --> 00:03:29,230
-it's a locker variable of the print owing method. so
-
-67
-00:03:29,230 --> 00:03:32,600
-it will not be visible to the other methods otherwise.
-
-68
-00:03:32,600 --> 00:03:34,990
-So since eclipse figured it out, all I have to do,
-
-69
-00:03:34,990 --> 00:03:37,630
-is to press Ok. And at this point what I
-
-70
-00:03:37,630 --> 00:03:41,280
-will have here is my new method, for in details
-
-71
-00:03:41,280 --> 00:03:45,140
-that takes outstanding as a parameter. And does exactly what
-
-72
-00:03:45,140 --> 00:03:48,880
-the code was doing before. And here, where the code was,
-
-73
-00:03:48,880 --> 00:03:51,630
-I will have my print details invocation, with outstanding
-
-74
-00:03:51,630 --> 00:03:54,930
-as a parameter. So now, let's continue to extract methods.
-
-75
-00:03:54,930 --> 00:03:58,470
-And let's look at a even more complex case. which
-
-76
-00:03:58,470 --> 00:04:01,550
-is, the one involving this piece of code. So this
-
-77
-00:04:01,550 --> 00:04:03,900
-piece of code, as you can see, will calculate
-
-78
-00:04:03,900 --> 00:04:07,820
-the value of the outstanding debt. Will calculate the owing's,
-
-79
-00:04:07,820 --> 00:04:09,600
-and the way in which it does that, is by
-
-80
-00:04:09,600 --> 00:04:14,080
-considering all the orders, that are part of this enumeration.
-
-81
-00:04:14,080 --> 00:04:16,519
-That is the declared here, and it will
-
-82
-00:04:16,519 --> 00:04:20,769
-compute for each one, of these orders, the amount,
-
-83
-00:04:20,769 --> 00:04:23,520
-and then added to outstanding. So what is the
-
-84
-00:04:23,520 --> 00:04:26,160
-additional complication here? Well, the additional complication here is
-
-85
-00:04:26,160 --> 00:04:29,520
-that this code needs to know, not only
-
-86
-00:04:29,520 --> 00:04:33,220
-about outstanding. It also needs to know, about this
-
-87
-00:04:33,220 --> 00:04:36,160
-enumeration, because this one is also a local variable.
-
-88
-00:04:36,160 --> 00:04:39,140
-And in addition to that, this code also has
-
-89
-00:04:39,140 --> 00:04:43,280
-some side effects. So outstanding, is modified as a
-
-90
-00:04:43,280 --> 00:04:46,600
-consequence of the execution of this code. So how can
-
-91
-00:04:46,600 --> 00:04:49,120
-we do that in the extracted method? Well lets
-
-92
-00:04:49,120 --> 00:04:51,000
-see what the clips will do and what the clips
-
-93
-00:04:51,000 --> 00:04:53,950
-will suggest. It will try to again re-factor this
-
-94
-00:04:53,950 --> 00:04:58,030
-code and extract the method. In this case as you
-
-95
-00:04:58,030 --> 00:05:01,160
-can see. The clips does two things. First of all,
-
-96
-00:05:01,160 --> 00:05:04,180
-it figures out as before, that there are some parameters,
-
-97
-00:05:04,180 --> 00:05:07,650
-that are needed for this method to operate correctly. The
-
-98
-00:05:07,650 --> 00:05:11,600
-enumeration e, as we said, and the outstanding variable. In
-
-99
-00:05:11,600 --> 00:05:14,880
-addition, if you look at the method signature Eclipse will
-
-100
-00:05:14,880 --> 00:05:17,490
-also figure out that this method has to return, a
-
-101
-00:05:17,490 --> 00:05:21,530
-double value. So what does this value correspond to? This
-
-102
-00:05:21,530 --> 00:05:24,700
-value corresponds to a new value of outstanding. So if
-
-103
-00:05:24,700 --> 00:05:27,490
-we, give a name to this method, so we just
-
-104
-00:05:27,490 --> 00:05:29,620
-use the name, [SOUND] that I put in the comment
-
-105
-00:05:29,620 --> 00:05:33,510
-over there. We click Ok, and this will create
-
-106
-00:05:33,510 --> 00:05:36,560
-a method by extracting the code. And here, where the
-
-107
-00:05:36,560 --> 00:05:39,100
-method used to be, we will have that the
-
-108
-00:05:39,100 --> 00:05:43,169
-value of outstanding is updated. Based on the return value
-
-109
-00:05:43,169 --> 00:05:46,260
-of calculate outstanding. So in the end if we
-
-110
-00:05:46,260 --> 00:05:48,730
-look at this code, you can see that if we
-
-111
-00:05:48,730 --> 00:05:51,980
-just focus, on this code it's very easy to
-
-112
-00:05:51,980 --> 00:05:55,150
-understand what it does. It prints the banner, it calculates
-
-113
-00:05:55,150 --> 00:05:59,180
-an outstanding value, and then it prints some details. And
-
-114
-00:05:59,180 --> 00:06:01,520
-in case we don't care, as I said before, about the
-
-115
-00:06:01,520 --> 00:06:04,840
-details of what these methods do, we're done. And if we
-
-116
-00:06:04,840 --> 00:06:07,740
-care about the details we can look at each matter individually.
-
-117
-00:06:07,740 --> 00:06:10,580
-And get exactly the same information that we got before,
-
-118
-00:06:10,580 --> 00:06:13,650
-in a sort of a separation of concerns kind of way,
-
-119
-00:06:13,650 --> 00:06:16,420
-by focusing on one problem at a time. So now let
-
-120
-00:06:16,420 --> 00:06:19,345
-me do one last thing. So let me modify the code,
-
-121
-00:06:19,345 --> 00:06:23,170
-slightly. So i'm going to go back, to the version of
-
-122
-00:06:23,170 --> 00:06:25,610
-the code before re-factoring. So this is what we had.
-
-123
-00:06:25,610 --> 00:06:32,480
-And I'm going to add, an additional variable here, [SOUND] called count,
-
-124
-00:06:32,480 --> 00:06:38,870
-which I initialize to zero. Here I'm going to increase, [SOUND]
-
-125
-00:06:38,870 --> 00:06:41,360
-the value of count at every iteration. And
-
-126
-00:06:41,360 --> 00:06:44,570
-finally, here I'm going to print out the value
-
-127
-00:06:44,570 --> 00:06:50,130
-of count. Okay, now that I have this code up. So let's imagine that I
-
-128
-00:06:50,130 --> 00:06:55,665
-want to, again as I did before, extract this matter. So, I'm going to
-
-129
-00:06:55,665 --> 00:06:58,430
-give you a second. Have a look at this and see, if you see
-
-130
-00:06:58,430 --> 00:07:02,170
-any problem with that. Feel free to stop the video, if you need more time.
-
-131
-00:07:07,350 --> 00:07:11,440
-So the problem here is that I have two side effects.
-
-132
-00:07:11,440 --> 00:07:14,820
-Both outstanding and count are modified. And therefore it's not really
-
-133
-00:07:14,820 --> 00:07:19,600
-possible to extract this method, and preserve the semantics of this
-
-134
-00:07:19,600 --> 00:07:23,260
-code. Let's see if Eclipse will be able to figure that out.
-
-135
-00:07:26,130 --> 00:07:28,950
-And it does. If we try to extract the matter here,
-
-136
-00:07:28,950 --> 00:07:32,250
-you'll tell us that's an ambiguous return value. The selected block
-
-137
-00:07:32,250 --> 00:07:35,800
-contains more than one assignment to look at variables. And the
-
-138
-00:07:35,800 --> 00:07:40,170
-affected variables are outstanding, just a Double and Count which is
-
-139
-00:07:40,170 --> 00:07:44,780
-an integer. So it will refuse to extract the method. So
-
-140
-00:07:44,780 --> 00:07:46,470
-at this point if we wanted to do that we have
-
-141
-00:07:46,470 --> 00:07:48,650
-we'll have to do the re-factoring a different way, but I
-
-142
-00:07:48,650 --> 00:07:51,110
-don't really want to get there. I want to conclude here,
-
-143
-00:07:51,110 --> 00:07:53,440
-and I hope this this little demo helped you
-
-144
-00:07:53,440 --> 00:07:55,310
-realize how useful it can be to use an
-
-145
-00:07:55,310 --> 00:07:58,270
-id that supports re-factoring that can automate this important
-
-146
-00:07:58,270 --> 00:08:00,160
-task. And I also encourage you to try to play
-
-147
-00:08:00,160 --> 00:08:03,170
-with this, and try to use different re-factoring's, on
-
-148
-00:08:03,170 --> 00:08:05,480
-your code. So as to get familiar with the kind
-
-149
-00:08:05,480 --> 00:08:08,060
-of re-factoring's that are supported by the ID. And
-
-150
-00:08:08,060 --> 00:08:10,800
-also with the re-factoring's themselves and how should be used.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/16 - Extract Method Refactoring Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/16 - Extract Method Refactoring Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt
deleted file mode 100644
index 07f5e44..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/16 - Extract Method Refactoring Quiz - lang_en_vs5.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:02,580
-After the demo I would like to have a little quiz
-
-2
-00:00:02,580 --> 00:00:05,430
-about the extract method refactoring. And I would like to ask you
-
-3
-00:00:05,430 --> 00:00:08,910
-when is it appropriate to apply the extract method refactoring. Here I
-
-4
-00:00:08,910 --> 00:00:11,890
-have a set of possible scenarios. First one is when there is
-
-5
-00:00:11,890 --> 00:00:14,730
-duplicated code in two or more methods. When a class is too
-
-6
-00:00:14,730 --> 00:00:17,730
-large. When the names of two classes are too similar. Or when
-
-7
-00:00:17,730 --> 00:00:20,840
-a method is highly coupled with a class other than the one
-
-8
-00:00:20,840 --> 00:00:24,370
-where it is defined. So as usual, please mark all that apply.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/17 - Extract Method Refactoring Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/17 - Extract Method Refactoring Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
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@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:03,000
-The first scenario is the typical case in which it is
-
-2
-00:00:03,000 --> 00:00:07,040
-recommended to use the extract method refactoring, when there is duplicated code
-
-3
-00:00:07,040 --> 00:00:09,190
-in two or more methods and we want to take this
-
-4
-00:00:09,190 --> 00:00:12,420
-code and factor is out, and basically have the two methods called
-
-5
-00:00:12,420 --> 00:00:14,960
-a third method, which is the one we create using the
-
-6
-00:00:14,960 --> 00:00:18,060
-refactoring. When a class is too large, normally we don't want to
-
-7
-00:00:18,060 --> 00:00:21,330
-apply the extract. Extract method. Instead, in this cases, it is
-
-8
-00:00:21,330 --> 00:00:22,900
-usually more appropriate to use the
-
-9
-00:00:22,900 --> 00:00:26,420
-extract class or extract subclass refactorings.
-
-10
-00:00:26,420 --> 00:00:29,750
-Analogously, when the names of two classes are too similar, extracting a
-
-11
-00:00:29,750 --> 00:00:32,729
-method will normally not help much. And all we need to do
-
-12
-00:00:32,729 --> 00:00:35,810
-in case having too similar names is actually a problem. Is to
-
-13
-00:00:35,810 --> 00:00:39,600
-rename one of the two classes, or both, if we wish. Finally,
-
-14
-00:00:39,600 --> 00:00:42,530
-it is definitely appropriate to apply the extract method of refactoring in
-
-15
-00:00:42,530 --> 00:00:45,900
-cases in which a method is highly coupled with a class other
-
-16
-00:00:45,900 --> 00:00:48,330
-than the one where it is defined. In this case, which we
-
-17
-00:00:48,330 --> 00:00:51,740
-will discuss also later in the lesson, the extract method of refactoring
-
-18
-00:00:51,740 --> 00:00:55,710
-allows us to extract part of the metal to With the other class.
-
-19
-00:00:55,710 --> 00:00:58,690
-Then we can take the matter that we just extracted and move it
-
-20
-00:00:58,690 --> 00:01:01,880
-to the class where it actually belongs. So the extract method is one
-
-21
-00:01:01,880 --> 00:01:05,560
-of the two refactorings that it is appropriate to apply in these cases.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/18 - Refactoring Risks - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/18 - Refactoring Risks - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 0aae00c..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/18 - Refactoring Risks - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:02,520
-Now that we saw a number of refactorings, we also saw
-
-2
-00:00:02,520 --> 00:00:05,950
-how refactorings can be performed automatically within an ID, I'd like
-
-3
-00:00:05,950 --> 00:00:09,230
-to make you aware of some risks involved with the user
-
-4
-00:00:09,230 --> 00:00:12,510
-refactorings. Refactorings are a very powerful tool, but you also have to
-
-5
-00:00:12,510 --> 00:00:15,820
-be careful, first of all when you do more complex refactorings,
-
-6
-00:00:15,820 --> 00:00:18,540
-you may also introduce subtle faults. What, we don't really call
-
-7
-00:00:18,540 --> 00:00:21,040
-regression errors. You might change something in the class. You might
-
-8
-00:00:21,040 --> 00:00:23,140
-think that that's a behavior preserving
-
-9
-00:00:23,140 --> 00:00:25,200
-transformation when considering the whole code,
-
-10
-00:00:25,200 --> 00:00:27,860
-and instead your change is affecting the behavior of some of the
-
-11
-00:00:27,860 --> 00:00:30,980
-other parts of the code. So, it's introducing a regression that will cause
-
-12
-00:00:30,980 --> 00:00:32,670
-some other functionality, some other piece
-
-13
-00:00:32,670 --> 00:00:34,320
-of functionality some other feature, to
-
-14
-00:00:34,320 --> 00:00:37,190
-work incorrectly. So you always have to be careful, and as we saw
-
-15
-00:00:37,190 --> 00:00:39,750
-at the beginning one way to avoid that is to run tests.
-
-16
-00:00:39,750 --> 00:00:43,080
-Every time you make a refactoring every time you change your code and
-
-17
-00:00:43,080 --> 00:00:46,280
-refactor your code. So is to get the least some confidence in
-
-18
-00:00:46,280 --> 00:00:47,540
-the fact that your refactoring is
-
-19
-00:00:47,540 --> 00:00:50,290
-indeed behavior preserving. Also consider the refactoring
-
-20
-00:00:50,290 --> 00:00:54,680
-should not. Be abused. Refactoring should be performed when it's needed. It's
-
-21
-00:00:54,680 --> 00:00:57,570
-useful to improve the design of your code when you see problems
-
-22
-00:00:57,570 --> 00:00:59,680
-with the design of the code. Shouldn't just be applied for the
-
-23
-00:00:59,680 --> 00:01:02,720
-final code because you can apply, for example, easily within a tool.
-
-24
-00:01:02,720 --> 00:01:06,030
-So be careful not over doing it when you refactor. And for
-
-25
-00:01:06,030 --> 00:01:08,310
-the same reason that we mentioned at the beginning, you should be
-
-26
-00:01:08,310 --> 00:01:10,600
-particularly careful when you're using refactoring
-
-27
-00:01:10,600 --> 00:01:12,290
-for systems that are in production.
-
-28
-00:01:12,290 --> 00:01:15,260
-Because if you introduce a problem, before the system goes in production,
-
-29
-00:01:15,260 --> 00:01:16,750
-then you might be able to catch it earlier,
-
-30
-00:01:16,750 --> 00:01:19,780
-with testing. Or before it's released. But, if you introduce
-
-31
-00:01:19,780 --> 00:01:21,750
-a problem for a system in production, then you have
-
-32
-00:01:21,750 --> 00:01:24,440
-to issue a new version of the code. You'll be
-
-33
-00:01:24,440 --> 00:01:26,860
-affecting, you might be affecting some users, because the code
-
-34
-00:01:26,860 --> 00:01:29,050
-fails on their machine. So, you have to be twice
-
-35
-00:01:29,050 --> 00:01:31,190
-as careful, when you are doing refactoring, when you're changing
-
-36
-00:01:31,190 --> 00:01:33,010
-your code for a system that is already in production.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/19 - Cost of Refactoring - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/19 - Cost of Refactoring - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index e09868d..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/19 - Cost of Refactoring - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:03,800
-Let's also talk about the cost of refactoring. Refactoring might be
-
-2
-00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:06,750
-free or almost free if you're using a tool to do refactoring
-
-3
-00:00:06,750 --> 00:00:08,570
-as we did in our demo. But that's not always the
-
-4
-00:00:08,570 --> 00:00:12,530
-case. In many cases, refactoring involves quite a bit of manual work
-
-5
-00:00:12,530 --> 00:00:16,309
-if you're doing some manual refactoring. And how much that costs
-
-6
-00:00:16,309 --> 00:00:19,460
-depends on how well the operations on the source code are supported.
-
-7
-00:00:19,460 --> 00:00:22,379
-You might have partial support from an ID. You might have complete
-
-8
-00:00:22,379 --> 00:00:25,017
-support, in which case it's greater. Or you might have no support,
-
-9
-00:00:25,017 --> 00:00:26,879
-in which case you have to be very careful about
-
-10
-00:00:26,879 --> 00:00:28,888
-how you change your code and how you check that you
-
-11
-00:00:28,888 --> 00:00:32,030
-didn't change the behavior of the code. There's also an additional
-
-12
-00:00:32,030 --> 00:00:34,460
-cost associated with refactoring. Remember
-
-13
-00:00:34,460 --> 00:00:36,990
-that refactoring relies heavily on testing
-
-14
-00:00:36,990 --> 00:00:39,808
-after each small step of refactoring. So you might have
-
-15
-00:00:39,808 --> 00:00:43,451
-to develop test cases, specifically to check your refactoring. And even
-
-16
-00:00:43,451 --> 00:00:47,163
-if you have an existing test because, for example, you're working
-
-17
-00:00:47,163 --> 00:00:50,235
-some agile context and therefore you develop a lot of UNIX
-
-18
-00:00:50,235 --> 00:00:53,550
-test cases before writing your code. And therefore you have a good
-
-19
-00:00:53,550 --> 00:00:56,635
-regression test with it you can use every time you modify your code.
-
-20
-00:00:56,635 --> 00:00:59,550
-Nevertheless, when you refactor and you change your code, you might need
-
-21
-00:00:59,550 --> 00:01:03,255
-to update your test so it's not only the development of the test
-
-22
-00:01:03,255 --> 00:01:05,379
-cases but also it's maintaining the test cases. And if you have
-
-23
-00:01:05,379 --> 00:01:07,970
-a lot of test cases, you have to maintain more test cases. So
-
-24
-00:01:07,970 --> 00:01:12,460
-that's a cost that is not directly visible but can affect quite
-
-25
-00:01:12,460 --> 00:01:15,800
-a bit the overall cost of refactoring and the overall cost of system
-
-26
-00:01:15,800 --> 00:01:18,342
-development therefore. And finally, you should not
-
-27
-00:01:18,342 --> 00:01:21,191
-under estimate the cost of documentation maintenance.
-
-28
-00:01:21,191 --> 00:01:24,241
-Applying refactoring may involve changes in interfaces,
-
-29
-00:01:24,241 --> 00:01:26,528
-names, for example, names of classes. And
-
-30
-00:01:26,528 --> 00:01:29,384
-when you make this kind of changes, you might need to update the documentation,
-
-31
-00:01:29,384 --> 00:01:30,890
-and that's also cost. It's something that
-
-32
-00:01:30,890 --> 00:01:32,900
-takes effort and therefore should be considered.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/2 - Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/2 - Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/2 - Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,090 --> 00:00:02,790
-Let me start this lesson by discussing what is refactoring.
-
-2
-00:00:02,790 --> 00:00:06,590
-Refactoring is the process of applying transformation or refactoring to a
-
-3
-00:00:06,590 --> 00:00:09,320
-program. So as to obtain a refactor program. With an
-
-4
-00:00:09,320 --> 00:00:12,850
-improved design but with same functionality as the original program. So
-
-5
-00:00:12,850 --> 00:00:15,520
-key aspect of refactoring is the fact that refactoring should
-
-6
-00:00:15,520 --> 00:00:18,150
-be somatic to perserving So what is the main goal of
-
-7
-00:00:18,150 --> 00:00:22,030
-refactoring? The goal is to keep the program readable, understandable, and
-
-8
-00:00:22,030 --> 00:00:25,260
-maintainable as we evolve it. And to do this by eliminating
-
-9
-00:00:25,260 --> 00:00:28,530
-small problems soon, so that you can avoid big trouble later. And
-
-10
-00:00:28,530 --> 00:00:31,750
-I want to stress once more a key feature of refactoring, which
-
-11
-00:00:31,750 --> 00:00:34,790
-is the fact that it is behavior per serving. But how can
-
-12
-00:00:34,790 --> 00:00:38,130
-we ensure that the refactoring is behavior per serving? In other words,
-
-13
-00:00:38,130 --> 00:00:40,980
-how can we ensure that the program does the same thing before
-
-14
-00:00:40,980 --> 00:00:43,560
-and after applying a refactoring. So what we would like to do
-
-15
-00:00:43,560 --> 00:00:47,160
-is to have some guarantee that, that happens. And unfortunately in general,
-
-16
-00:00:47,160 --> 00:00:50,360
-there are no guarantees. But something we can do is to test
-
-17
-00:00:50,360 --> 00:00:53,690
-the code. For example, we can write tests that exercise the
-
-18
-00:00:53,690 --> 00:00:56,390
-parts of the program affected by the refactoring, and if we're in
-
-19
-00:00:56,390 --> 00:00:59,430
-a [INAUDIBLE] context, we might already have plenty of test cases
-
-20
-00:00:59,430 --> 00:01:01,914
-that exercise that part of the code. So we might just have
-
-21
-00:01:01,914 --> 00:01:04,780
-to rerun the test cases after the refactoring. And in fact,
-
-22
-00:01:04,780 --> 00:01:07,930
-that's a very advantageous situation, and that's a very good use of
-
-23
-00:01:07,930 --> 00:01:10,970
-existing test cases. And I want to make sure that you remember,
-
-24
-00:01:10,970 --> 00:01:15,500
-and that you beware that tests provide no guarantees. Testing can only
-
-25
-00:01:15,500 --> 00:01:18,990
-show the presence of defects, but cannot demonstrate their absence.
-
-26
-00:01:18,990 --> 00:01:21,090
-So we can use testing to get confidence in our
-
-27
-00:01:21,090 --> 00:01:23,990
-refactorings, but we can't really guarantee that the refactorings are
-
-28
-00:01:23,990 --> 00:01:26,820
-behavior preserving. I'd also like to point out that for some
-
-29
-00:01:26,820 --> 00:01:30,100
-simple refactoring, we can use a static analysis to actually
-
-30
-00:01:30,100 --> 00:01:33,160
-provide these guarantees. And in fact we will see examples of
-
-31
-00:01:33,160 --> 00:01:37,050
-such refactorings that are incorporated into IDs and that leverage
-
-32
-00:01:37,050 --> 00:01:40,070
-these kinds of analysis to perform refactoring in a safe way.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/20 - When Not To Refactor - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/20 - When Not To Refactor - lang_en_vs4.srt
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index 53938de..0000000
--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/20 - When Not To Refactor - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,088 --> 00:00:02,860
-Now I want to conclude this discussion on refactoring by telling you
-
-2
-00:00:02,860 --> 00:00:07,190
-when you should not refactor. One first clear case is when
-
-3
-00:00:07,190 --> 00:00:10,410
-your code is broken. I want to make it very clear, refactoring
-
-4
-00:00:10,410 --> 00:00:13,450
-is not a way to fix your code in terms of its
-
-5
-00:00:13,450 --> 00:00:16,250
-functionality. It's a way to improve the design of your code.
-
-6
-00:00:16,250 --> 00:00:19,040
-So if your code does not compile or does not run
-
-7
-00:00:19,040 --> 00:00:21,780
-in a stable way, it's probably better to throw it away
-
-8
-00:00:21,780 --> 00:00:25,250
-and rewrite it rather then trying to refactor it. By definition refactoring
-
-9
-00:00:25,250 --> 00:00:26,780
-should maintain the functionality of the
-
-10
-00:00:26,780 --> 00:00:28,360
-system. It should be behavior preserving.
-
-11
-00:00:28,360 --> 00:00:31,100
-So if the code was broken before, it, it's probably going to be broken
-
-12
-00:00:31,100 --> 00:00:33,950
-afterwards as well. You may also want to avoid refactoring when a
-
-13
-00:00:33,950 --> 00:00:37,370
-deadline is close. Well, first of all, because refactoring might take a long
-
-14
-00:00:37,370 --> 00:00:41,360
-time and therefore might introduce risks of being late for the deadline.
-
-15
-00:00:41,360 --> 00:00:44,555
-And also, because of what we said before about introducing problems, you don't
-
-16
-00:00:44,555 --> 00:00:47,780
-want to introduce problems that might take you time to fix right before a
-
-17
-00:00:47,780 --> 00:00:50,660
-deadline. So if the deadline is too close, you might want to avoid
-
-18
-00:00:50,660 --> 00:00:54,310
-refactoring the code at that point. And finally, do not refactor if there
-
-19
-00:00:54,310 --> 00:00:58,430
-is no reason to. As we said before, you should refactor on demand. You
-
-20
-00:00:58,430 --> 00:01:00,960
-see a problem with the design of your code, with the structure of your
-
-21
-00:01:00,960 --> 00:01:03,790
-code, it's okay to refactor. If the code is fine, there is no reason
-
-22
-00:01:03,790 --> 00:01:06,470
-to refactor. I know that refactoring is fine, but you don't want to do
-
-23
-00:01:06,470 --> 00:01:09,280
-it all the time. The next thing I want to discuss, after discussing when
-
-24
-00:01:09,280 --> 00:01:12,970
-not to refactor, is when to refactor without an indication that will tell us
-
-25
-00:01:12,970 --> 00:01:15,820
-that it's time to refactor the code. And that leads us to the discussion
-
-26
-00:01:15,820 --> 00:01:17,280
-of a very interesting concept.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/21 - Bad Smells - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/21 - Bad Smells - lang_en_vs4.srt
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--- a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/21 - Bad Smells - lang_en_vs4.srt	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,070 --> 00:00:03,450
-The concept of bad smells. What are bad smells? Well, we
-
-2
-00:00:03,450 --> 00:00:06,700
-mentioned earlier that refactoring is typically applied when there is something
-
-3
-00:00:06,700 --> 00:00:09,130
-that does not look right, does not feel right in the
-
-4
-00:00:09,130 --> 00:00:12,260
-code. And that's exactly what bad smells are. Bad smells, or
-
-5
-00:00:12,260 --> 00:00:15,320
-code smells if you wish, are symptoms in the code of
-
-6
-00:00:15,320 --> 00:00:18,868
-a program that might indicate deeper problems. So there might be
-
-7
-00:00:18,868 --> 00:00:21,775
-parts of my system, classes in my systems, that just don't
-
-8
-00:00:21,775 --> 00:00:25,309
-smell right, and it feels like there's, there might be something wrong
-
-9
-00:00:25,309 --> 00:00:29,010
-with them. And if you are an experienced developer just like Brad,
-
-10
-00:00:29,010 --> 00:00:31,320
-you'll be able to figure out there is something wrong with the
-
-11
-00:00:31,320 --> 00:00:33,950
-classes. You'll be able to smell that there's something wrong and you'll
-
-12
-00:00:33,950 --> 00:00:36,880
-do something about it. And I want to mention one more, just to make
-
-13
-00:00:36,880 --> 00:00:39,270
-sure that we're all on the same page here. That these bad
-
-14
-00:00:39,270 --> 00:00:43,070
-smells are usually not bugs and don't prevent the program from functioning. They
-
-15
-00:00:43,070 --> 00:00:46,190
-however indicate weaknesses in the design of the system that might cause
-
-16
-00:00:46,190 --> 00:00:48,480
-problems during maintenance. In other words,
-
-17
-00:00:48,480 --> 00:00:50,440
-they might make the code less maintainable,
-
-18
-00:00:50,440 --> 00:00:53,650
-harder to understand, and so on. Just like refactorings,
-
-19
-00:00:53,650 --> 00:00:56,610
-there's also many possible different bad smells. So what
-
-20
-00:00:56,610 --> 00:00:59,160
-I'm providing here is just a possible list of
-
-21
-00:00:59,160 --> 00:01:02,190
-some very common bad smells. And you can find plenty
-
-22
-00:01:02,190 --> 00:01:04,349
-of information on this online. So what I want
-
-23
-00:01:04,349 --> 00:01:06,910
-to do next is just to cover before finishing the
-
-24
-00:01:06,910 --> 00:01:08,700
-lesson a few of those to show you some
-
-25
-00:01:08,700 --> 00:01:11,140
-examples of smells and what you can do about them.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/22 - Bad Smell Examples - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/22 - Bad Smell Examples - lang_en_vs4.srt
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-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:03,080
-The first example I want to mention is this called duplicated
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-2
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-code. So what happens here what the symptom is, is that you
-
-3
-00:00:06,950 --> 00:00:10,400
-have the same piece of code. The same fragment of code or
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-4
-00:00:10,400 --> 00:00:14,570
-code structure replicated in more than one place. And that's pretty common
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-5
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-when we do for example copy and paste programming. Is something
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-6
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-that we mention at the beginning of the lessons. So for example
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-7
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-we are just instead reimplementing a piece of functionality we know we
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-8
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-already have. We simply copy from a different part of the code.
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-9
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-So what do you do if you have duplicated code? This can
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-10
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-be a problem over time because we might end up with a lot
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-11
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-of duplication in your system. You can use the extract method. Refactoring that
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-12
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-we just saw, and basically create a method that has exactly the same
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-13
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-function as this fragment of code and then replace the fragment of code
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-14
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-with an invocation to run and you will do it in all the
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-15
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-places where the code is duplicated. That simply finds the code and favors
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-16
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-reuse, because there can be more
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-17
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-places that benefit from that additional method.
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-18
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-Especially if it implements some popular piece of functionality. Another example
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-19
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-of best mal a typical one is the long method. So you
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-20
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-have a very long method with a lot of statements. And we
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-21
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-know that the longer procedure, the more difficult it is to understand
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-22
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-it and maintain it. So what I'm going to do in this
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-23
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-case is to factor in such as an extract method or a
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-24
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-decompose conditional to make the code simpler, shorten it. And extract some
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-25
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-of the functionality into other methods. So basically break down the method
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-26
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-in smaller methods that are more cohesive. Another typical example
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-27
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-of best mail which is something that can happen very
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-28
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-commonly during maintenance, is that you keep adding functionality to
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-29
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-a class and you end up with a large class. So
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-30
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-class is clearly to big. It contains too many fields
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-31
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-too many methods, and is just too complex to understand. This
-
-32
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-case the obvious solution is to use the extract class
-
-33
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-or subclass and basically break down the class in multiple classes.
-
-34
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-Each one with a more cohesive piece of functionality. So, the
-
-35
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-classes are more cohesive, are more
-
-36
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-understandable, and the overall structure The
-
-37
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-structure of the system is improved. Shotgun surgery is an interesting smell
-
-38
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-and the case here is we are in a situation and you,
-
-39
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-probably will happen to you, it definitely happened to me, in
-
-40
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-which every time you make some kind of change to the system
-
-41
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-you have to make many little changes. All over the place to
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-42
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-many different classes. And this can be a symptom of the fact
-
-43
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-that the functionality is spread among these different classes. So
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-44
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-there's too much coupling between the classes and too little
-
-45
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-cohesion within the classes. Also in this case you can
-
-46
-00:02:16,540 --> 00:02:19,540
-use refactoring, for example by using the move method or move
-
-47
-00:02:19,540 --> 00:02:22,650
-field or inline class to bring the pieces of related
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-48
-00:02:22,650 --> 00:02:26,470
-functionality together. So that your resulting classes are more cohesive, you
-
-49
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-reduce the dependencies between the different classes, and you address
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-50
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-this problem. Because at this point, each class is much more
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-51
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-self-contained and therefore it can be
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-52
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-modified by itself without having to affect
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-53
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-the rest of the system. The last smell I want to mention is
-
-54
-00:02:38,560 --> 00:02:42,040
-one I really like, is the feature envy, and it refers to a
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-55
-00:02:42,040 --> 00:02:45,340
-method that seems more interested In a class other than the one it
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-56
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-belongs to. So for example this method is using a lot of public
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-57
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-fields of another class, is calling a lot of methods of the other
-
-58
-00:02:51,030 --> 00:02:53,830
-class. And so in this case the solution is really clear. What you
-
-59
-00:02:53,830 --> 00:02:57,420
-want to do it to perform the extract method refactoring and then the move
-
-60
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-method refactoring so as to take the jealous
-
-61
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-method out of the class where it doesn't
-
-62
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-belong and get it home. To the class where it really belongs and once more the
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-63
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-effect of this is that you decrease the
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-64
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-coupling between the two classes and therefore you
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-65
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-have a better system and also you eliminate
-
-66
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-the envy. Which is always a good thing.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/23 - Bad Smell Quiz - lang_en_vs3.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/23 - Bad Smell Quiz - lang_en_vs3.srt
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-1
-00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:01,620
-So now, I would like for you to tell me
-
-2
-00:00:01,620 --> 00:00:04,810
-which of the following can be considered bad smells in
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-3
-00:00:04,810 --> 00:00:07,320
-the context of refactoring. The fact that the program takes
-
-4
-00:00:07,320 --> 00:00:10,070
-too long to execute? The fact that method M in class
-
-5
-00:00:10,070 --> 00:00:12,460
-C is very long? Or the, the fact that Class
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-6
-00:00:12,460 --> 00:00:16,120
-Cat and Dog are subclasses of class Animal? Or finally the
-
-7
-00:00:16,120 --> 00:00:18,960
-fact that every time we modify method M1 we also
-
-8
-00:00:18,960 --> 00:00:22,120
-need to modify method M2? So please mark all that apply.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/24 - Bad Smell Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs3.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/24 - Bad Smell Quiz Solution - lang_en_vs3.srt
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-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:03,090
-So let's look at this one by one. The fact the program takes
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-2
-00:00:03,090 --> 00:00:06,620
-too long to execute is not really a bad smell. It probably indicates
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-3
-00:00:06,620 --> 00:00:08,800
-some problem with the code and the fact that we might need to
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-4
-00:00:08,800 --> 00:00:11,420
-modify the code to make it more efficient, but it's not something that
-
-5
-00:00:11,420 --> 00:00:14,030
-we will normally classify it as a bad smell, so we're not going to
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-6
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-mark it. The second one, conversely, is definitely a bad smell. The fact
-
-7
-00:00:17,850 --> 00:00:21,700
-that the method is too long is a typical example of bad smell
-
-8
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-and one in which we might want to apply some refactoring, for example,
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-9
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-the extract method or the
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-10
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-decomposed conditional refactorings. There's definitely
-
-11
-00:00:29,240 --> 00:00:32,159
-nothing wrong with the fact that the classes cat and dog
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-12
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-are subclasses of class animal. Actually, that sounds pretty appropriate, so
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-13
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-this is not a problem and definitely not a bad smell.
-
-14
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-Whereas the fact that every time we modify method M1,
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-15
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-we also need to modify method some other method M2 as
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-16
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-a typical example of bad smell. So this can actually be
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-17
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-considered a specific example of what we just called "shotgun surgery."
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-18
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-So it is a case in which we might want to
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-19
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-use, for instance, the move method refactoring to fix the issue.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/3 - Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/3 - Introduction - lang_en_vs4.srt
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-1
-00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:04,280
-So let's have a small quiz and see whether you can remember why can testing
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-2
-00:00:04,280 --> 00:00:06,250
-guarantee that that a refactoring is behavior is
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-3
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-preserving. So why testing can only show the
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-4
-00:00:08,590 --> 00:00:11,080
-absence of defects and not their presence?
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-5
-00:00:11,080 --> 00:00:12,960
-Is that because testing and refactoring are different
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-6
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-activities? Because testing is inherently incomplete? Or, just
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-7
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-because testers are often inexperienced? Make your choice.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/4 - Introduction Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/4 - Introduction Solution - lang_en_vs4.srt
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@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,220 --> 00:00:03,180
-And the reason for this is because testing is inherently
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-2
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-incomplete. So let me re-size this a little bit, so that
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-3
-00:00:06,080 --> 00:00:08,340
-I can make room for an illustration. And what I'm
-
-4
-00:00:08,340 --> 00:00:11,170
-going to show you here is just a reminder, that when we
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-5
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-test, we have a huge virtually infinite input domain, and
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-6
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-we have to derive from this input domain a few test
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-7
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-cases. By picking specific inputs in the domain, and of
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-8
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-course, corresponding outputs. And so what happens normally is that these
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-9
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-test cases represent the teeny tiny fraction of
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-10
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-the domain, and therefore testing is always incomplete.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/5 - Reasons to Refactor - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/5 - Reasons to Refactor - lang_en_vs4.srt
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-1
-00:00:00,230 --> 00:00:02,000
-We saw at the beginning of the lesson, what are the
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-2
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-goals of refactoring? Or what are the reasons ,why we need to
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-3
-00:00:05,490 --> 00:00:09,130
-refactor in the first place? The first reason is that requirements
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-4
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-change, and when the requirements change, we often need to change our
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-5
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-design accordingly. In other cases if any of the requirements unchange,
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-6
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-we might need to improve our design. And this happens for many
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-7
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-reasons. For example, we need to add a new feature, we
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-8
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-want to make the code more maintainable, and also in general programmers
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-9
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-don't come up with the best design the first time. So they might
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-10
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-need to adapt it after the fact. And the final reason I want to
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-11
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-mention is sloppiness, and to some
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-12
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-extent laziness, of programmers. And a typical
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-13
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-example of this is something that we all have done, which is copy
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-14
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-and paste programming. So instead of rewriting a new piece of code, because
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-15
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-we know that there is some code in some other parts for the
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-16
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-program that does a similar thing, we'll just copy the code over. And
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-17
-00:00:47,900 --> 00:00:51,080
-before we know, we end up with tons of copies of the same functionality.
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-18
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-And when that happens, a good way of consolidating that code and
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-19
-00:00:54,150 --> 00:00:57,580
-extracting that functionality is to use refactoring, for example, by creating a
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-20
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-method or a class that provides the functionality. And we'll see specific
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-21
-00:01:01,080 --> 00:01:03,830
-examples of that. A question I would like to ask at this
-
-22
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-point of the class is whether you have used refactoring before? So
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-23
-00:01:07,330 --> 00:01:09,690
-I want you to take a second and think about it. And
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-24
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-no matter what you're history is, if you ever coded I bet
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-25
-00:01:12,590 --> 00:01:16,180
-you any money that the answer is yes, you have done refactoring.
-
-26
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-What do I mean? I'm going to give you an
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-27
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-example. I'm sure you renamed the class or a
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-28
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-method or change the name of some variables in
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-29
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-the code before. That's refactoring. Even something as simple as
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-30
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-renaming a class is refactoring, because, for example, it
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-31
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-might help you making your code more understandable. And of
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-32
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-course I'll admit that in this case, this is
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-33
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-a trivial refactoring, and there are much more interesting ones.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/6 - History of Refactoring - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/6 - History of Refactoring - lang_en_vs4.srt
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-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:02,340
-So if you follow my class so far, you know that
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-2
-00:00:02,340 --> 00:00:04,570
-I like to give a little bit of history when I talk
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-3
-00:00:04,570 --> 00:00:06,900
-about a specific topic. So I'm going to do the same also
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-4
-00:00:06,900 --> 00:00:09,900
-in this case for refactoring. I'm going to start by mentioning, the fact
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-5
-00:00:09,900 --> 00:00:13,440
-that refactoring is something that programmers have always done. I gave
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-6
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-you a trivial example just a minute ago of what refactoring is.
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-7
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-So even more complicated refactorings are
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-8
-00:00:18,080 --> 00:00:20,880
-something that are commonplace for developers.
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-9
-00:00:20,880 --> 00:00:23,110
-Somehow refactoring is especially important in
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-10
-00:00:23,110 --> 00:00:25,240
-the context of object-oriented languages and
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-11
-00:00:25,240 --> 00:00:28,080
-probably it's because the object-oriented features are well suited to
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-12
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-make designs flexible and reusable. Because of the fact that help
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-13
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-encapsulation, information hiding, and so they make it easier to
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-14
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-modify something without changing the functionality that it provides to the
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-15
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-outside world. However, you should keep in mind that refactoring
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-16
-00:00:40,960 --> 00:00:44,330
-is really not specific to object oriented languages, you can also
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-17
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-refactor other languages, it's just more common to see it in
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-18
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-that context. So one of the first examples of a specific
-
-19
-00:00:50,450 --> 00:00:53,630
-discussion of what the refactorings are is Opdyke's PhD
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-20
-00:00:53,630 --> 00:00:57,710
-thesis in 1990. Which discusses refactorings for small talk.
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-21
-00:00:57,710 --> 00:00:59,360
-And some of you might be familiar with small
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-22
-00:00:59,360 --> 00:01:02,600
-talk, which is a specific objectory language. And in
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-23
-00:01:02,600 --> 00:01:06,590
-more recent times, refactoring's becoming increasing popular due to
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-24
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-lightweight development methodoogies, due to agile development, which is
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-25
-00:01:10,370 --> 00:01:12,630
-something that we just discussed in this class. For
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-26
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-example, when we talked about extreme programming, we mentioned refactoring
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-27
-00:01:15,830 --> 00:01:17,950
-a few times. And the reason why its so popular
-
-28
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-is because re-factoring is one of the practices that help.
-
-29
-00:01:20,690 --> 00:01:24,780
-Making changes less expensive. And therefore adapt to changing requirements
-
-30
-00:01:24,780 --> 00:01:26,980
-and changing environments more quickly.
-
-31
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-And continuing with historical perspective, one
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-32
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-of the milestones in the history of re-factoring [INAUDIBLE] is
-
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-a book by Martin Fowler. This is a book entitled
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-Improving the Design of Existing [INAUDIBLE]. And it contains a
-
-35
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-catalog of refactorings, a list of bad smells, in code, and
-
-36
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-we're going to see what that mean exactly. Nothing to
-
-37
-00:01:43,450 --> 00:01:45,570
-do with other kinds of bad smells. It talks about
-
-38
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-guidelines on when to apply refactoring. And finally, which is
-
-39
-00:01:48,900 --> 00:01:52,540
-very useful, it provides example of code, before and after.
-
-40
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-Applying the refactoring and we're going to use more of the
-
-41
-00:01:54,660 --> 00:01:57,190
-same style when discussing refactoring in the rest of this
-
-42
-00:01:57,190 --> 00:02:01,090
-lesson. More specifically what we're discussing next, are some examples
-
-43
-00:02:01,090 --> 00:02:05,130
-of refactoring and also some examples of code bad smells.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/7 - Types of Refactorings - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/7 - Types of Refactorings - lang_en_vs4.srt
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@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,170 --> 00:00:03,630
-There are many refactorings in Fowler's book, and what I'm
-
-2
-00:00:03,630 --> 00:00:06,480
-showing here is just a partial list. And we're not going to
-
-3
-00:00:06,480 --> 00:00:08,930
-have time to go through the complete list of refactorings,
-
-4
-00:00:08,930 --> 00:00:10,830
-so what I'm going to do instead, I'm just going to pick a
-
-5
-00:00:10,830 --> 00:00:13,870
-few of those, but I'm going to explain in more depth,
-
-6
-00:00:13,870 --> 00:00:16,600
-and for which I'm going to provide some examples. In particular, we're
-
-7
-00:00:16,600 --> 00:00:18,000
-going to talk about the collapse
-
-8
-00:00:18,000 --> 00:00:20,630
-hierarchy refactoring, the consolidate conditional
-
-9
-00:00:20,630 --> 00:00:23,600
-expressions, the decompose conditionals, extract
-
-10
-00:00:23,600 --> 00:00:25,418
-method, extract class, and inline class.
-
-11
-00:00:25,418 --> 00:00:29,420
-And we're going to see each of those individually in the rest of the lesson.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/8 - Collapse Hierarchy - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/8 - Collapse Hierarchy - lang_en_vs4.srt
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-1
-00:00:00,110 --> 00:00:03,080
-The first refactoring we're going to see is the collapse hierarchy
-
-2
-00:00:03,080 --> 00:00:06,340
-refactoring. When a software system undergoes a number of changes, over
-
-3
-00:00:06,340 --> 00:00:09,730
-time the collapse hierarchy may become, let's say, sub-optimal. There are
-
-4
-00:00:09,730 --> 00:00:11,300
-several refactorings that address this
-
-5
-00:00:11,300 --> 00:00:13,200
-issue for example, refactorings that allow
-
-6
-00:00:13,200 --> 00:00:15,900
-you to move methods and fields up and down the class
-
-7
-00:00:15,900 --> 00:00:18,360
-hierarchy. So what happens when you apply a number of these
-
-8
-00:00:18,360 --> 00:00:22,360
-refactorings, is that a subclass might become too similar to its
-
-9
-00:00:22,360 --> 00:00:25,878
-superclass and might not be adding much value to the system.
-
-10
-00:00:25,878 --> 00:00:28,010
-In this case, it is a good idea to merge
-
-11
-00:00:28,010 --> 00:00:31,300
-the classes together. That's exactly what the Collapse Hierarchy refactoring
-
-12
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-does. Imagine, for instance, that we have two classes: employee
-
-13
-00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:38,210
-and salesman. And that salesman is just so similar to
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-14
-00:00:38,210 --> 00:00:40,380
-employee that it does not make sense to keep them
-
-15
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-separated. In this case, you could merge the two classes,
-
-16
-00:00:43,870 --> 00:00:46,730
-so that at the end of the refactoring, only employee
-
-17
-00:00:46,730 --> 00:00:50,070
-is left. And the resulting structure of the system is improved.
diff --git a/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/9 - Consolidate Conditional Expression - lang_en_vs4.srt b/usth/ICT2.7/P4L5 Software Refactoring Subtitles/9 - Consolidate Conditional Expression - lang_en_vs4.srt
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@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
-1
-00:00:00,070 --> 00:00:00,860
-We're now going to talk about
-
-2
-00:00:00,860 --> 00:00:03,390
-the consolidate conditional expression refactoring.
-
-3
-00:00:03,390 --> 00:00:05,730
-A common situation in code is that you have a set
-
-4
-00:00:05,730 --> 00:00:08,530
-of conditionals with the same result. What that means that
-
-5
-00:00:08,530 --> 00:00:12,090
-sometimes the code contains a series of conditional checks in which
-
-6
-00:00:12,090 --> 00:00:14,760
-each check is different, yet the resulting action is the
-
-7
-00:00:14,760 --> 00:00:18,440
-same. In these cases, the code could be improved by combining
-
-8
-00:00:18,440 --> 00:00:22,100
-the conditionals using, for example, and, and or, as connectors. So
-
-9
-00:00:22,100 --> 00:00:25,390
-as to have a single conditional check, with a single result.
-
-10
-00:00:25,390 --> 00:00:28,500
-At that point you can also extract those conditional into a
-
-11
-00:00:28,500 --> 00:00:32,310
-method. And replace the conditional with a call, to debt matter consolidating
-
-12
-00:00:32,310 --> 00:00:35,110
-the conditional code in this way can make the checks clearer
-
-13
-00:00:35,110 --> 00:00:38,170
-by showing that you're really making a single check rather than multiple
-
-14
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-checks, and extracted that condition and having that matter instead of
-
-15
-00:00:41,150 --> 00:00:44,550
-a condition can clarify your code by explaining why you're doing a
-
-16
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-given check, rather than how you're doing it. You can see an
-
-17
-00:00:47,350 --> 00:00:52,020
-example of that situation in this code, which is the disabilityAmount method.
-
-18
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-As the name of the method says, the purpose of this code
-
-19
-00:00:54,580 --> 00:00:58,300
-is to compute the disability amount for a given, for example, employee.
-
-20
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-And there is a set of initial checks in the methods whose
-
-21
-00:01:01,250 --> 00:01:05,090
-goal is to decide whether there's this disabilityAmount should be instead zero.
-
-22
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-And as you can see, there's multiple conditions. For example, there's a
-
-23
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-check about the seniority level, and about the number of months that
-
-24
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-the employee's been disabled. So far, whether the employee is part time
-
-25
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-and the outcome of all these check is always the same. If they're
-
-26
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-true, if the check is satisfied then there is no disability
-
-27
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-amount. So the disabilityAmount is zero. So what I will do
-
-28
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-if I apply the consolidate conditional expression to this matter, is
-
-29
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-that I will take these three conditionals. I will put them together
-
-30
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-by saying basically that if seniority is less than 2 or
-
-31
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-monthsDisabled is greater than 12 or isPartTime is true then the
-
-32
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-return should be zero. And once I have this combined conditional,
-
-33
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-as I see here, I will just extract that into a method.
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