From b2d80610db6beda38573890ed169815e495bc663 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nguyễn Gia Phong <mcsinyx@disroot.org>
Date: Sun, 24 May 2020 16:34:31 +0700
Subject: [usth/ICT2.7] Engineer software

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+1
+00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:02,930
+To cover the intrinsic problem of eliciting requirements,
+
+2
+00:00:02,930 --> 00:00:05,670
+many different techniques have been proposed. So here
+
+3
+00:00:05,670 --> 00:00:08,260
+I list some of most traditional techniques for
+
+4
+00:00:08,260 --> 00:00:11,290
+requirement elicitation and as I present those, please keep
+
+5
+00:00:11,290 --> 00:00:13,140
+in mind that these techniques can be used
+
+6
+00:00:13,140 --> 00:00:17,230
+separately or combined. A first technique is called background
+
+7
+00:00:17,230 --> 00:00:20,740
+reading. And, this technique involves collecting information by
+
+8
+00:00:20,740 --> 00:00:24,840
+reading existing documents such as company reports, organizational charts,
+
+9
+00:00:24,840 --> 00:00:29,280
+policy manuals, job descriptions, documentation of existing systems and so
+
+10
+00:00:29,280 --> 00:00:32,400
+on. And, this technique is especially appropriate when one Is
+
+11
+00:00:32,400 --> 00:00:35,370
+not familiar with your organization for which the requirements are
+
+12
+00:00:35,370 --> 00:00:38,950
+being collected. So you want to get some background before interviewing
+
+13
+00:00:38,950 --> 00:00:41,240
+actual people. And one of the main imitations of these
+
+14
+00:00:41,240 --> 00:00:43,930
+kinds of approaches is that written documents might be out
+
+15
+00:00:43,930 --> 00:00:46,320
+of sync and they often are out of sync with
+
+16
+00:00:46,320 --> 00:00:49,970
+reality. Tend to be long winded. It may contain many irrelevant
+
+17
+00:00:49,970 --> 00:00:51,850
+details, so you may have to look at a lot
+
+18
+00:00:51,850 --> 00:00:54,810
+of materials to extract enough information. The hard data and
+
+19
+00:00:54,810 --> 00:00:58,650
+samples techniques consist in deciding which hard data we want
+
+20
+00:00:58,650 --> 00:01:01,680
+to collect and choosing the sample of the population for which
+
+21
+00:01:01,680 --> 00:01:04,750
+to collect such data and hard data includes facts and
+
+22
+00:01:04,750 --> 00:01:09,790
+figures such as forms, invoices, financial information, survey results, marketing
+
+23
+00:01:09,790 --> 00:01:12,300
+data, and so on. And the sampling of this data
+
+24
+00:01:12,300 --> 00:01:15,170
+can be done in different ways. For example, the typical ways
+
+25
+00:01:15,170 --> 00:01:19,200
+to do random selection. Interviews are another typical approach for
+
+26
+00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:21,870
+requirement solicitation, and this is the approach that we use for
+
+27
+00:01:21,870 --> 00:01:24,910
+the first project in this course, for instance. Interviews can be
+
+28
+00:01:24,910 --> 00:01:27,720
+structured in which case there is an agenda of fairly open
+
+29
+00:01:27,720 --> 00:01:30,450
+questions or they can be open ended in which case there
+
+30
+00:01:30,450 --> 00:01:32,770
+is no preset agenda and the interview is more of a
+
+31
+00:01:32,770 --> 00:01:36,500
+conversation. On the positive side, interviews can collect a rich set
+
+32
+00:01:36,500 --> 00:01:40,260
+of information because they allow for uncovering opinions as well as
+
+33
+00:01:40,260 --> 00:01:43,230
+hard facts. Moreover, they can probe in depth through follow
+
+34
+00:01:43,230 --> 00:01:46,790
+up questions. On the more negative side, interviewing requires special
+
+35
+00:01:46,790 --> 00:01:50,400
+skills that are difficult to master and require experience. And
+
+36
+00:01:50,400 --> 00:01:52,890
+it is not enough to collect a lot of information. If
+
+37
+00:01:52,890 --> 00:01:55,520
+this information is hard to analyze or even irrelevant, it
+
+38
+00:01:55,520 --> 00:01:58,250
+might become useless. So you need to know how to conduct
+
+39
+00:01:58,250 --> 00:02:01,180
+an interview in order to take advantage of these techniques.
+
+40
+00:02:01,180 --> 00:02:05,440
+Surveys can also be extremely useful for gathering new requirements because
+
+41
+00:02:05,440 --> 00:02:08,550
+they can quickly collect information from a large number
+
+42
+00:02:08,550 --> 00:02:11,520
+of people. Moreover, they can be administered remotely. For
+
+43
+00:02:11,520 --> 00:02:13,610
+example, by email, through the web. On the other
+
+44
+00:02:13,610 --> 00:02:16,750
+hand, surveys tend to severely constrain the information that
+
+45
+00:02:16,750 --> 00:02:19,430
+the user can provide and might miss opportunities to
+
+46
+00:02:19,430 --> 00:02:24,460
+collect unforeseen, relevant information. Finally, meetings are generally used
+
+47
+00:02:24,460 --> 00:02:27,690
+for summarization of findings and collection of feedback, so as
+
+48
+00:02:27,690 --> 00:02:30,500
+to confirm or refute what has been learned. So the
+
+49
+00:02:30,500 --> 00:02:32,660
+only additional thing I want to mention about meetings
+
+50
+00:02:32,660 --> 00:02:34,920
+is the fact that it is fundamental that have clearly
+
+51
+00:02:34,920 --> 00:02:37,970
+stated objectives and are planned carefully. This is something that
+
+52
+00:02:37,970 --> 00:02:40,730
+should be quite obvious, but doesn't always happen in practice.
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