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So, if you think about what we just discussed. Definitely one

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of the causes was the increasing product complexity. Products were becoming more

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and more complex and software was replacing more and more, what

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was before, provided by hardware components.

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Slow productivity growth was another problem,

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because programmers could not keep up with the additional complexity of

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the software that they had to develop. I would like to say

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there was lack of funding for software engineering research because I'm

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a software engineering researcher, but that was not one of the reasons

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for the software crisis. Instead, it was

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the rising demand for software. Again, more

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and more software was being required and

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more and more software was replacing hardware.