daemon: Do not deduplicate files smaller than 8 KiB.

Files smaller than 8 KiB typically represent ~70% of the entries in
/gnu/store/.links but only contribute to ~4% of the space savings
afforded by deduplication.

Not considering these files for deduplication speeds up file insertion
in the store and, more importantly, leaves 'removeUnusedLinks' with
fewer entries to traverse, thereby speeding it up proportionally.

Partly fixes <https://issues.guix.gnu.org/24937>.

* config-daemon.ac: Remove symlink hard link check and CAN_LINK_SYMLINK
definition.
* guix/store/deduplication.scm (%deduplication-minimum-size): New
variable.
(deduplicate)[loop]: Do not recurse when FILE's size is below
%DEDUPLICATION-MINIMUM-SIZE.
(dump-port): New procedure.
(dump-file/deduplicate)[hash]: Turn into...
[dump-and-compute-hash]: ... this thunk.
Call 'deduplicate' only when SIZE is greater than
%DEDUPLICATION-MINIMUM-SIZE; otherwise call 'dump-port'.
* nix/libstore/gc.cc (LocalStore::removeUnusedLinks): Drop files where
st.st_size < deduplicationMinSize.
* nix/libstore/local-store.hh (deduplicationMinSize): New declaration.
* nix/libstore/optimise-store.cc (deduplicationMinSize): New variable.
(LocalStore::optimisePath_): Return when PATH is a symlink or smaller
than 'deduplicationMinSize'.
* tests/derivations.scm ("identical files are deduplicated"): Produce
files bigger than %DEDUPLICATION-MINIMUM-SIZE.
* tests/nar.scm ("restore-file-set with directories (signed, valid)"):
Likewise.
* tests/store-deduplication.scm ("deduplicate, below %deduplication-minimum-size"):
New test.
("deduplicate", "deduplicate, ENOSPC"): Produce files bigger than
%DEDUPLICATION-MINIMUM-SIZE.
* tests/store.scm ("substitute, deduplication"): Likewise.

9 files changed, 126 insertions, 42 deletions

diff --git a/config-daemon.ac b/config-daemon.ac
index 5ddc740600..86306effe1 100644
--- a/config-daemon.ac
+++ b/config-daemon.ac
@@ -94,17 +94,6 @@ if test "x$guix_build_daemon" = "xyes"; then
   AC_CHECK_FUNCS([lutimes lchown posix_fallocate sched_setaffinity \
      statvfs nanosleep strsignal statx])
 
-  dnl Check whether the store optimiser can optimise symlinks.
-  AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether it is possible to create a link to a symlink])
-  ln -s bla tmp_link
-  if ln tmp_link tmp_link2 2> /dev/null; then
-      AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)
-      AC_DEFINE(CAN_LINK_SYMLINK, 1, [Whether link() works on symlinks.])
-  else
-      AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
-  fi
-  rm -f tmp_link tmp_link2
-
   dnl Check for <locale>.
   AC_LANG_PUSH(C++)
   AC_CHECK_HEADERS([locale])
diff --git a/guix/store/deduplication.scm b/guix/store/deduplication.scm
index cd9660174c..370df4a74c 100644
--- a/guix/store/deduplication.scm
+++ b/guix/store/deduplication.scm
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU
 ;;; Copyright © 2017 Caleb Ristvedt <caleb.ristvedt@cune.org>
-;;; Copyright © 2018, 2019, 2020 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
+;;; Copyright © 2018-2021 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
 ;;;
 ;;; This file is part of GNU Guix.
 ;;;
@@ -22,12 +22,13 @@
 
 (define-module (guix store deduplication)
   #:use-module (gcrypt hash)
-  #:use-module (guix build utils)
+  #:use-module ((guix build utils) #:hide (dump-port))
   #:use-module (guix build syscalls)
   #:use-module (guix base32)
   #:use-module (srfi srfi-11)
   #:use-module (srfi srfi-34)
   #:use-module (srfi srfi-35)
+  #:use-module (rnrs bytevectors)
   #:use-module (rnrs io ports)
   #:use-module (ice-9 ftw)
   #:use-module (ice-9 match)
@@ -37,6 +38,31 @@
             dump-file/deduplicate
             copy-file/deduplicate))
 
+;; TODO: Remove once 'dump-port' in (guix build utils) has an optional 'len'
+;; parameter.
+(define* (dump-port in out
+                    #:optional len
+                    #:key (buffer-size 16384))
+  "Read LEN bytes from IN (or as much as possible if LEN is #f) and write it
+to OUT, using chunks of BUFFER-SIZE bytes."
+  (define buffer
+    (make-bytevector buffer-size))
+
+  (let loop ((total 0)
+             (bytes (get-bytevector-n! in buffer 0
+                                       (if len
+                                           (min len buffer-size)
+                                           buffer-size))))
+    (or (eof-object? bytes)
+        (and len (= total len))
+        (let ((total (+ total bytes)))
+          (put-bytevector out buffer 0 bytes)
+          (loop total
+                (get-bytevector-n! in buffer 0
+                                   (if len
+                                       (min (- len total) buffer-size)
+                                       buffer-size)))))))
+
 (define (nar-sha256 file)
   "Gives the sha256 hash of a file and the size of the file in nar form."
   (let-values (((port get-hash) (open-sha256-port)))
@@ -127,11 +153,27 @@ Note: TARGET, TO-REPLACE, and SWAP-DIRECTORY must be on the same file system."
           (unless (= EMLINK (system-error-errno args))
             (apply throw args)))))))
 
+(define %deduplication-minimum-size
+  ;; Size below which files are not deduplicated.  This avoids adding too many
+  ;; entries to '.links', which would slow down 'removeUnusedLinks' while
+  ;; saving little space.  Keep in sync with optimize-store.cc.
+  8192)
+
 (define* (deduplicate path hash #:key (store (%store-directory)))
   "Check if a store item with sha256 hash HASH already exists.  If so,
 replace PATH with a hardlink to the already-existing one.  If not, register
 PATH so that future duplicates can hardlink to it.  PATH is assumed to be
 under STORE."
+  ;; Lightweight promises.
+  (define-syntax-rule (delay exp)
+    (let ((value #f))
+      (lambda ()
+        (unless value
+          (set! value exp))
+        value)))
+  (define-syntax-rule (force promise)
+    (promise))
+
   (define links-directory
     (string-append store "/.links"))
 
@@ -144,13 +186,18 @@ under STORE."
                     ((file . properties)
                      (unless (member file '("." ".."))
                        (let* ((file (string-append path "/" file))
+                              (st   (delay (lstat file)))
                               (type (match (assoc-ref properties 'type)
                                       ((or 'unknown #f)
-                                       (stat:type (lstat file)))
+                                       (stat:type (force st)))
                                       (type type))))
-                         (loop file type
-                               (and (not (eq? 'directory type))
-                                    (nar-sha256 file)))))))
+                         (when (or (eq? 'directory type)
+                                   (and (eq? 'regular type)
+                                        (>= (stat:size (force st))
+                                            %deduplication-minimum-size)))
+                           (loop file type
+                                 (and (not (eq? 'directory type))
+                                      (nar-sha256 file))))))))
                   (scandir* path))
         (let ((link-file (string-append links-directory "/"
                                         (bytevector->nix-base32-string hash))))
@@ -222,9 +269,9 @@ OUTPUT as it goes."
 
 This procedure is suitable as a #:dump-file argument to 'restore-file'.  When
 used that way, it deduplicates files on the fly as they are restored, thereby
-removing the need to a deduplication pass that would re-read all the files
+removing the need for a deduplication pass that would re-read all the files
 down the road."
-  (define hash
+  (define (dump-and-compute-hash)
     (call-with-output-file file
       (lambda (output)
         (let-values (((hash-port get-hash)
@@ -236,7 +283,11 @@ down the road."
           (close-port hash-port)
           (get-hash)))))
 
-  (deduplicate file hash #:store store))
+  (if (>= size %deduplication-minimum-size)
+      (deduplicate file (dump-and-compute-hash) #:store store)
+      (call-with-output-file file
+        (lambda (output)
+          (dump-port input output size)))))
 
 (define* (copy-file/deduplicate source target
                                 #:key (store (%store-directory)))
diff --git a/nix/libstore/gc.cc b/nix/libstore/gc.cc
index e1d0765154..16519116e4 100644
--- a/nix/libstore/gc.cc
+++ b/nix/libstore/gc.cc
@@ -606,7 +606,9 @@ void LocalStore::removeUnusedLinks(const GCState & state)
             throw SysError(format("statting `%1%'") % path);
 #endif
 
-        if (st.st_nlink != 1) {
+	/* Drop links for files smaller than 'deduplicationMinSize', even if
+	   they have more than one hard link.  */
+        if (st.st_nlink != 1 && st.st_size >= deduplicationMinSize) {
             actualSize += st.st_size;
             unsharedSize += (st.st_nlink - 1) * st.st_size;
             continue;
diff --git a/nix/libstore/local-store.hh b/nix/libstore/local-store.hh
index 9ba37219da..20d3c3c893 100644
--- a/nix/libstore/local-store.hh
+++ b/nix/libstore/local-store.hh
@@ -292,4 +292,7 @@ void canonicaliseTimestampAndPermissions(const Path & path);
 
 MakeError(PathInUse, Error);
 
+/* Size below which a file is not considered for deduplication.  */
+extern const size_t deduplicationMinSize;
+
 }
diff --git a/nix/libstore/optimise-store.cc b/nix/libstore/optimise-store.cc
index eb303ab4c3..9fd6f3cb35 100644
--- a/nix/libstore/optimise-store.cc
+++ b/nix/libstore/optimise-store.cc
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@
 
 namespace nix {
 
+/* Any file smaller than this is not considered for deduplication.
+   Keep in sync with (guix store deduplication).  */
+const size_t deduplicationMinSize = 8192;
 
 static void makeWritable(const Path & path)
 {
@@ -105,12 +108,12 @@ void LocalStore::optimisePath_(OptimiseStats & stats, const Path & path, InodeHa
         return;
     }
 
-    /* We can hard link regular files and maybe symlinks. */
-    if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)
-#if CAN_LINK_SYMLINK
-        && !S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)
-#endif
-        ) return;
+    /* We can hard link regular files (and maybe symlinks), but do that only
+       for files larger than some threshold.  This avoids adding too many
+       entries to '.links', which would slow down 'removeUnusedLinks' while
+       saving little space.  */
+    if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || ((size_t) st.st_size) < deduplicationMinSize)
+	return;
 
     /* Sometimes SNAFUs can cause files in the store to be
        modified, in particular when running programs as root under
diff --git a/tests/derivations.scm b/tests/derivations.scm
index cd165d1be6..0775719ea3 100644
--- a/tests/derivations.scm
+++ b/tests/derivations.scm
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU
-;;; Copyright © 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
+;;; Copyright © 2012-2021 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
 ;;;
 ;;; This file is part of GNU Guix.
 ;;;
@@ -170,11 +170,15 @@
         #f))))
 
 (test-assert "identical files are deduplicated"
-  (let* ((build1  (add-text-to-store %store "one.sh"
-                                     "echo hello, world > \"$out\"\n"
+  ;; Note: DATA must be longer than %DEDUPLICATION-MINIMUM-SIZE.
+  (let* ((data    (make-string 9000 #\a))
+         (build1  (add-text-to-store %store "one.sh"
+                                     (string-append "echo -n " data
+                                                    " > \"$out\"\n")
                                      '()))
          (build2  (add-text-to-store %store "two.sh"
-                                     "# Hey!\necho hello, world > \"$out\"\n"
+                                     (string-append "# Hey!\necho -n "
+                                                    data " > \"$out\"\n")
                                      '()))
          (drv1    (derivation %store "foo"
                               %bash `(,build1)
@@ -187,7 +191,7 @@
                (file2 (derivation->output-path drv2)))
            (and (valid-path? %store file1) (valid-path? %store file2)
                 (string=? (call-with-input-file file1 get-string-all)
-                          "hello, world\n")
+                          data)
                 (= (stat:ino (lstat file1))
                    (stat:ino (lstat file2))))))))
 
diff --git a/tests/nar.scm b/tests/nar.scm
index ba4881caaa..98752f2088 100644
--- a/tests/nar.scm
+++ b/tests/nar.scm
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU
-;;; Copyright © 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
+;;; Copyright © 2012-2021 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
 ;;;
 ;;; This file is part of GNU Guix.
 ;;;
@@ -486,8 +486,9 @@
   ;; their mtime and permissions were not reset.  Ensure that this bug is
   ;; gone.
   (with-store store
-    (let* ((text1 (random-text))
-           (text2 (random-text))
+    ;; Note: TEXT1 and TEXT2 must be longer than %DEDUPLICATION-MINIMUM-SIZE.
+    (let* ((text1 (string-concatenate (make-list 200 (random-text))))
+           (text2 (string-concatenate (make-list 200 (random-text))))
            (tree  `("tree" directory
                     ("a" regular (data ,text1))
                     ("b" directory
diff --git a/tests/store-deduplication.scm b/tests/store-deduplication.scm
index b1c2d93bbd..2950fbc1a3 100644
--- a/tests/store-deduplication.scm
+++ b/tests/store-deduplication.scm
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU
-;;; Copyright © 2018, 2020 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
+;;; Copyright © 2018, 2020-2021 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
 ;;;
 ;;; This file is part of GNU Guix.
 ;;;
@@ -30,13 +30,40 @@
 
 (test-begin "store-deduplication")
 
+(test-equal "deduplicate, below %deduplication-minimum-size"
+  (list #t (make-list 5 1))
+
+  (call-with-temporary-directory
+   (lambda (store)
+     ;; Note: DATA must be longer than %DEDUPLICATION-MINIMUM-SIZE.
+     (let ((data      "Hello, world!")
+           (identical (map (lambda (n)
+                             (string-append store "/" (number->string n)
+                                            "/a/b/c"))
+                           (iota 5))))
+       (for-each (lambda (file)
+                   (mkdir-p (dirname file))
+                   (call-with-output-file file
+                     (lambda (port)
+                       (put-bytevector port (string->utf8 data)))))
+                 identical)
+
+       (deduplicate store (nar-sha256 store) #:store store)
+
+       ;; (system (string-append "ls -lRia " store))
+       (list (= (length (delete-duplicates
+                         (map (compose stat:ino stat) identical)))
+                (length identical))
+             (map (compose stat:nlink stat) identical))))))
+
 (test-equal "deduplicate"
   (cons* #t #f                                    ;inode comparisons
          2 (make-list 5 6))                       ;'nlink' values
 
   (call-with-temporary-directory
    (lambda (store)
-     (let ((data      (string->utf8 "Hello, world!"))
+     ;; Note: DATA must be longer than %DEDUPLICATION-MINIMUM-SIZE.
+     (let ((data      (string-concatenate (make-list 1000 "Hello, world!")))
            (identical (map (lambda (n)
                              (string-append store "/" (number->string n)
                                             "/a/b/c"))
@@ -46,7 +73,7 @@
                    (mkdir-p (dirname file))
                    (call-with-output-file file
                      (lambda (port)
-                       (put-bytevector port data))))
+                       (put-bytevector port (string->utf8 data)))))
                  identical)
        ;; Make the parent of IDENTICAL read-only.  This should not prevent
        ;; deduplication from inserting its hard link.
@@ -54,7 +81,7 @@
 
        (call-with-output-file unique
          (lambda (port)
-           (put-bytevector port (string->utf8 "This is unique."))))
+           (put-bytevector port (string->utf8 (string-reverse data)))))
 
        (deduplicate store (nar-sha256 store) #:store store)
 
@@ -77,8 +104,10 @@
    (lambda (store)
      (let ((true-link link)
            (links     0)
-           (data1     (string->utf8 "Hello, world!"))
-           (data2     (string->utf8 "Hi, world!"))
+           (data1     (string->utf8
+                       (string-concatenate (make-list 1000 "Hello, world!"))))
+           (data2     (string->utf8
+                       (string-concatenate (make-list 1000 "Hi, world!"))))
            (identical (map (lambda (n)
                              (string-append store "/" (number->string n)
                                             "/a/b/c"))
diff --git a/tests/store.scm b/tests/store.scm
index 2150a0048c..5c9f651d6c 100644
--- a/tests/store.scm
+++ b/tests/store.scm
@@ -759,7 +759,9 @@
 
 (test-assert "substitute, deduplication"
   (with-store s
-    (let* ((c   (random-text))                     ; contents of the output
+    ;; Note: C must be longer than %DEDUPLICATION-MINIMUM-SIZE.
+    (let* ((c   (string-concatenate
+                 (make-list 200 (random-text))))  ; contents of the output
            (g   (package-derivation s %bootstrap-guile))
            (d1  (build-expression->derivation s "substitute-me"
                                               `(begin ,c (exit 1))