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diff --git a/doc/guix.texi b/doc/guix.texi index 220499503d..637ec2799b 100644 --- a/doc/guix.texi +++ b/doc/guix.texi @@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ Copyright @copyright{} 2021 Domagoj Stolfa@* Copyright @copyright{} 2021 Hui Lu@* Copyright @copyright{} 2021 pukkamustard@* Copyright @copyright{} 2021 Alice Brenon@* +Copyright @copyright{} 2021 Andrew Tropin@* Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or @@ -167,6 +168,7 @@ Weblate} (@pxref{Translating Guix}). * Programming Interface:: Using Guix in Scheme. * Utilities:: Package management commands. * System Configuration:: Configuring the operating system. +* Home Configuration:: Configuring the home environment. * Documentation:: Browsing software user manuals. * Installing Debugging Files:: Feeding the debugger. * Security Updates:: Deploying security fixes quickly. @@ -328,6 +330,10 @@ System Configuration * Running Guix in a VM:: How to run Guix System in a virtual machine. * Defining Services:: Adding new service definitions. +Home Environment Configuration + +* Invoking guix home:: Instantiating a home environment configuration. + Services * Base Services:: Essential system services. @@ -35241,6 +35247,665 @@ system: This service represents PID@tie{}1. @end defvr +@node Home Configuration +@chapter Home Configuration +@cindex home configuration +Guix supports declarative configuration of @dfn{home environments} by +utilizing the configuration mechanism described in the previous chapter +(@pxref{Defining Services}), but for user's dotfiles and packages. It +works both on Guix System and foreign distros and allows users to +declare all the packages and services that should be installed and +configured for the user. Once a user has written a file containing +@code{home-environment} record, such a configuration can be +@dfn{instantiated} by an unprivileged user with the @command{guix home} +command (@pxref{Invoking guix home}). +@c Maybe later, it will be possible to make home configuration a part of +@c system configuration to make everything managed by guix system. + +The user's home environment usually consists of three basic parts: +software, configuration, and state. Software in mainstream distros are +usually installed system-wide, but with GNU Guix most software packages +can be installed on a per-user basis without needing root privileges, +and are thus considered part of the user’s @dfn{home environment}. +Packages on their own not very useful in many cases, because often they +require some additional configuration, usually config files that reside +in @env{XDG_CONFIG_HOME} (@file{~/.config} by default) or other +directories. Everything else can be considered state, like media files, +application databases, and logs. + +Using Guix for managing home environments provides a number of +advantages: + +@itemize + +@item All software can be configured in one language (Guile Scheme), +this gives users the ability to share values between configurations of +different programs. + +@item A well-defined home environment is self-contained and can be +created in a declarative and reproducible way---there is no need to grab +external binaries or manually edit some configuration file. + +@item After every @command{guix home reconfigure} invocation, a new home +environment generation will be created. This means that users can +rollback to a previous home environment generation so they don’t have to +worry about breaking their configuration. + +@item It is possible to manage stateful data with Guix Home, this +includes the ability to automatically clone Git repositories on the +initial setup of the machine, and periodically running commands like +@command{rsync} to sync data with another host. This functionality is +still in an experimental stage, though. + +@end itemize + +@menu +* Declaring the Home Environment:: Customizing your Home. +* Configuring the Shell:: Enabling home environment. +* Home Services:: Specifying home services. +* Invoking guix home:: Instantiating a home configuration. +@end menu + +@node Declaring the Home Environment +@section Declaring the Home Environment +The home environment is configured by providing a +@code{home-environment} declaration in a file that can be passed to the +@command{guix home} command (@pxref{Invoking guix home}). A simple +setup can include Bash and a custom text configuration, like in the +example below. Don't be afraid to declare home environment parts, which +overlaps with your current dotfiles, before installing any configuration +files, Guix Home will back up existing config files to a separate place +in the home folder. + +@quotation Note +It is highly recommended that you manage your shell or shells with Guix +Home, because it will make sure that all the necessary scripts are +sourced by the shell configuration file. Otherwise you will need to do +it manually. (@pxref{Configuring the Shell}). +@end quotation + +@findex home-environment +@lisp +@include he-config-bare-bones.scm +@end lisp + +The @code{packages} field should be self-explanatory, it will install +the list of packages into the user's profile. The most important field +is @code{services}, it contains a list of @dfn{home services}, which are +the basic building blocks of a home environment. + +There is no daemon (at least not necessarily) related to a home service, +a home service is just an element that is used to declare part of home +environment and extend other parts of it. The extension mechanism +discussed in the previous chapter (@pxref{Defining Services}) should not +be confused with @ref{Shepherd Services}. Using this extension +mechanism and some Scheme code that glues things together gives the user +the freedom to declare their own, very custom, home environments. + +@node Configuring the Shell +@section Configuring the Shell +This section is safe to skip if your shell or shells are managed by +Guix Home. Otherwise, read it carefully. + +There are a few scripts that must be evaluated by a login shell to +activate the home environment. The shell startup files only read by +login shells often have @code{profile} suffix. For more information +about login shells see @ref{Invoking Bash,,, bash, The GNU Bash +Reference Manual} and see @ref{Bash Startup Files,,, bash, The GNU Bash +Reference Manual}. + +The first script that needs to be sourced is @file{setup-environment}, +which sets all the necessary environment variables (including variables +declared by the user) and the second one is @file{on-first-login}, which +starts Shepherd for the current user and performs actions declared by +other home services that extends +@code{home-run-on-first-login-service-type}. + +Guix Home will always create @file{~/.profile}, which contains the +following lines: + +@example +HOME_ENVIRONMENT=$HOME/.guix-home +. $HOME_ENVIRONMENT/setup-environment +$HOME_ENVIRONMENT/on-first-login +@end example + +This makes POSIX compliant login shells activate the home environment. +However, in most cases this file won't be read by most modern shells, +because they are run in non POSIX mode by default and have their own +@file{*profile} startup files. For example Bash will prefer +@file{~/.bash_profile} in case it exists and only if it doesn't will it +fallback to @file{~/.profile}. Zsh (if no additional options are +specified) will ignore @file{~/.profile}, even if @file{~/.zprofile} +doesn't exist. + +To make your shell respect @file{~/.profile}, add @code{. ~/.profile} or +@code{source ~/profile} to the startup file for the login shell. In +case of Bash, it is @file{~/.bash_profile}, and in case of Zsh, it is +@file{~/.zprofile}. + +@quotation Note +This step is only required if your shell is NOT managed by Guix Home. +Otherwise, everything will be done automatically. +@end quotation + +@node Home Services +@section Home Services +@cindex home services + +A @dfn{home service} is not necessarily something that has a daemon and +is managed by Shepherd (@pxref{Jump Start,,, shepherd, The GNU Shepherd +Manual}), in most cases it doesn't. It's a simple building block of the +home environment, often declaring a set of packages to be installed in +the home environment profile, a set of config files to be symlinked into +@env{XDG_CONFIG_HOME} (@file{~/.config} by default), and environment +variables to be set by a login shell. + +There is a service extension mechanism (@pxref{Service Composition}) +which allows home services to extend other home services and utilize +capabilities they provide; for example: declare mcron jobs +(@pxref{Top,,, mcron, GNU@tie{}Mcron}) by extending @ref{Mcron Home +Service}; declare daemons by extending @ref{Shepherd Home Service}; add +commands, which will be invoked on by the Bash by extending +@ref{Shells Home Services, @code{home-bash-service-type}}. + +A good way to discover avaliable home services is using the +@command{guix home search} command (@pxref{Invoking guix home}). After +the required home services are found, include its module with the +@code{use-modules} form (@pxref{use-modules,, Using Guile Modules, +guile, The GNU Guile Reference Manual}), or the @code{#:use-modules} +directive (@pxref{define-module,, Creating Guile Modules, guile, The GNU +Guile Reference Manual}) and declare a home service using the +@code{service} function, or extend a service type by declaring a new +service with the @code{simple-service} procedure from @code{(gnu +services)}. + +@menu +* Essential Home Services:: Environment variables, packages, on-* scripts. +* Shells: Shells Home Services. POSIX shells, Bash, Zsh. +* Mcron: Mcron Home Service. Scheduled User's Job Execution. +* Shepherd: Shepherd Home Service. Managing User's Daemons. +@end menu +@c In addition to that Home Services can provide + +@node Essential Home Services +@subsection Essential Home Services +There are a few essential services defined in @code{(gnu +home-services)}, they are mostly for internal use and are required to +build a home environment, but some of them will be useful for the end +user. + +@cindex environment variables + +@defvr {Scheme Variable} home-environment-variables-service-type +The service of this type will be instantiated by every home environment +automatically by default, there is no need to define it, but someone may +want to extend it with a list of pairs to set some environment +variables. + +@lisp +(list ("ENV_VAR1" . "value1") + ("ENV_VAR2" . "value2")) +@end lisp + +The easiest way to extend a service type, without defining new service +type is to use the @code{simple-service} helper from @code{(gnu +services)}. + +@lisp +(simple-service 'some-useful-env-vars-service + home-environment-variables-service-type + `(("LESSHISTFILE" . "$XDG_CACHE_HOME/.lesshst") + ("SHELL" . ,(file-append zsh "/bin/zsh")) + ("USELESS_VAR" . #f) + ("_JAVA_AWT_WM_NONREPARENTING" . #t))) +@end lisp + +If you include such a service in you home environment definition, it +will add the following content to the @file{setup-environment} script +(which is expected to be sourced by the login shell): + +@example +export LESSHISTFILE=$XDG_CACHE_HOME/.lesshst +export SHELL=/gnu/store/2hsg15n644f0glrcbkb1kqknmmqdar03-zsh-5.8/bin/zsh +export _JAVA_AWT_WM_NONREPARENTING +@end example + +@quotation Note +Make sure that module @code{(gnu packages shells)} is imported with +@code{use-modules} or any other way, this namespace contains the +definition of the @code{zsh} packages, which is used in the example +above. +@end quotation + +The association list (@pxref{Association Lists, alists, Association +Lists, guile, The GNU Guile Reference manual}) is a data structure +containing key-value pairs, for +@code{home-environment-variables-service-type} the key is always a +string, the value can be a string, string-valued gexp +(@pxref{G-Expressions}), file-like object (@pxref{G-Expressions, +file-like object}) or boolean. For gexps, the variable will be set to +the value of the gexp; for file-like objects, it will be set to the path +of the file in the store (@pxref{The Store}); for @code{#t}, it will +export the variable without any value; and for @code{#f}, it will omit +variable. + +@end defvr + +@defvr {Scheme Variable} home-profile-service-type +The service of this type will be instantiated by every home environment +automatically, there is no need to define it, but you may want to extend +it with a list of packages if you want to install additional packages +into your profile. Other services, which need to make some programs +avaliable to the user will also extend this service type. + +The extension value is just a list of packages: + +@lisp +(list htop vim emacs) +@end lisp + +The same approach as @code{simple-service} (@pxref{Service Reference, +simple-service}) for @code{home-environment-variables-service-type} can +be used here, too. Make sure that modules containing the specified +packages are imported with @code{use-modules}. To find a package or +information about its module use @command{guix search} (@pxref{Invoking +guix package}). Alternatively, @code{specification->package} can be +used to get the package record from string without importing related +module. +@end defvr + +There are few more essential services, but users are not expected to +extend them. + +@defvr {Scheme Variable} home-service-type +The root of home services DAG, it generates a folder, which later will be +symlinked to @file{~/.guix-home}, it contains configurations, +profile with binaries and libraries, and some necessary scripts to glue +things together. +@end defvr + +@defvr {Scheme Variable} home-run-on-first-login-service-type +The service of this type generates a Guile script, which is expected to +be executed by the login shell. It is only executed if the special flag +file inside @env{XDG_RUNTIME_DIR} hasn't been created, this prevents +redundant executions of the script if multiple login shells are spawned. + +It can be extended with a gexp. However, to autostart an application, +users @emph{should not} use this service, in most cases it's better to extend +@code{home-shpeherd-service-type} with a Shepherd service +(@pxref{Shepherd Services}), or extend the shell's startup file with +required command using the appropriate service type. +@end defvr + +@defvr {Scheme Variable} home-activation-service-type +The service of this type generates a guile script, which runs on every +@command{guix home reconfigure} invocation or any other action, which +leads to the activation of the home environment. +@end defvr + +@node Shells Home Services +@subsection Shells + +@cindex shell +@cindex login shell +@cindex interactive shell +@cindex bash +@cindex zsh + +Shells play a quite important role in the environment initialization +process, you can configure them manually as described in section +@ref{Configuring the Shell}, but the recommended way is to use home services +listed below. It's both easier and more reliable. + +Each home environment instantiates +@code{home-shell-profile-service-type}, which creates a +@file{~/.profile} startup file for all POSIX-compatible shells. This +file contains all the necessary steps to properly initialize the +environment, but many modern shells like Bash or Zsh prefer their own +startup files, that's why the respective home services +(@code{home-bash-service-type} and @code{home-zsh-service-type}) ensure +that @file{~/.profile} is sourced by @file{~/.bash_profile} and +@file{~/.zprofile}, respectively. + +@subsubheading Shell Profile Service + +@deftp {Data Type} home-shell-profile-configuration +Available @code{home-shell-profile-configuration} fields are: + +@table @asis +@item @code{profile} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config) +@code{home-shell-profile} is instantiated automatically by +@code{home-environment}, DO NOT create this service manually, it can +only be extended. @code{profile} is a list of strings or gexps, which +will go to @file{~/.profile}. By default @file{~/.profile} contains the +initialization code, which have to be evaluated by login shell to make +home-environment's profile avaliable to the user, but other commands can +be added to the file if it is really necessary. In most cases shell's +configuration files are preferred places for user's customizations. +Extend home-shell-profile service only if you really know what you do. + +@end table + +@end deftp + +@subsubheading Bash Home Service + +@deftp {Data Type} home-bash-configuration +Available @code{home-bash-configuration} fields are: + +@table @asis +@item @code{package} (default: @code{bash}) (type: package) +The Bash package to use. + +@item @code{guix-defaults?} (default: @code{#t}) (type: boolean) +Add sane defaults like reading @file{/etc/bashrc}, coloring output for +@code{ls} provided by guix to @file{.bashrc}. + +@item @code{environment-variables} (default: @code{()}) (type: alist) +Association list of environment variables to set for the Bash session. + +@item @code{bash-profile} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config) +List of strings or gexps, which will be added to @file{.bash_profile}. +Used for executing user's commands at start of login shell (In most +cases the shell started on tty just after login). @file{.bash_login} +won't be ever read, because @file{.bash_profile} always present. + +@item @code{bashrc} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config) +List of strings or gexps, which will be added to @file{.bashrc}. Used +for executing user's commands at start of interactive shell (The shell +for interactive usage started by typing @code{bash} or by terminal app +or any other program). + +@item @code{bash-logout} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config) +List of strings or gexps, which will be added to @file{.bash_logout}. +Used for executing user's commands at the exit of login shell. It won't +be read in some cases (if the shell terminates by exec'ing another +process for example). + +@end table + +@end deftp + +@subsubheading Zsh Home Service + +@deftp {Data Type} home-zsh-configuration +Available @code{home-zsh-configuration} fields are: + +@table @asis +@item @code{package} (default: @code{zsh}) (type: package) +The Zsh package to use. + +@item @code{xdg-flavor?} (default: @code{#t}) (type: boolean) +Place all the configs to @file{$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/zsh}. Makes +@file{~/.zshenv} to set @env{ZDOTDIR} to @file{$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/zsh}. +Shell startup process will continue with +@file{$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/zsh/.zshenv}. + +@item @code{environment-variables} (default: @code{()}) (type: alist) +Association list of environment variables to set for the Zsh session. + +@item @code{zshenv} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config) +List of strings or gexps, which will be added to @file{.zshenv}. Used +for setting user's shell environment variables. Must not contain +commands assuming the presence of tty or producing output. Will be read +always. Will be read before any other file in @env{ZDOTDIR}. + +@item @code{zprofile} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config) +List of strings or gexps, which will be added to @file{.zprofile}. Used +for executing user's commands at start of login shell (In most cases the +shell started on tty just after login). Will be read before +@file{.zlogin}. + +@item @code{zshrc} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config) +List of strings or gexps, which will be added to @file{.zshrc}. Used +for executing user's commands at start of interactive shell (The shell +for interactive usage started by typing @code{zsh} or by terminal app or +any other program). + +@item @code{zlogin} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config) +List of strings or gexps, which will be added to @file{.zlogin}. Used +for executing user's commands at the end of starting process of login +shell. + +@item @code{zlogout} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config) +List of strings or gexps, which will be added to @file{.zlogout}. Used +for executing user's commands at the exit of login shell. It won't be +read in some cases (if the shell terminates by exec'ing another process +for example). + +@end table + +@end deftp + +@node Mcron Home Service +@subsection Scheduled User's Job Execution + +@cindex cron +@cindex mcron +@cindex scheduling jobs + +mcron info here + +@node Shepherd Home Service +@subsection Managing User's Daemons +shepherd info here + +@node Invoking guix home +@section Invoking @code{guix home} + +Once you have written a home environment declaration (@pxref{Declaring +the Home Environment,,,,}, it can be @dfn{instantiated} using the +@command{guix home} command. The synopsis is: + +@example +guix home @var{options}@dots{} @var{action} @var{file} +@end example + +@var{file} must be the name of a file containing a +@code{home-environment} declaration. @var{action} specifies how the +home environment is instantiated, but there are few auxuliary actions +which don't instantiate it. Currently the following values are +supported: + +@table @code +@item search +Display available home service type definitions that match the given +regular expressions, sorted by relevance: + +@cindex shell +@cindex shell-profile +@cindex bash +@cindex zsh +@example +$ guix home search shell +name: home-shell-profile +location: gnu/home-services/shells.scm:73:2 +extends: home-files +description: Create `~/.profile', which is used for environment initialization ++ of POSIX compatible login shells. Can be extended with a list of strings or ++ gexps. +relevance: 6 + +name: home-zsh-plugin-manager +location: gnu/home-services/shellutils.scm:28:2 +extends: home-zsh home-profile +description: Install plugins in profile and configure Zsh to load them. +relevance: 1 + +name: home-zsh-direnv +location: gnu/home-services/shellutils.scm:69:2 +extends: home-profile home-zsh +description: Enables `direnv' for `zsh'. Adds hook to `.zshrc' and installs a ++ package in the profile. +relevance: 1 + +name: home-zsh-autosuggestions +location: gnu/home-services/shellutils.scm:43:2 +extends: home-zsh-plugin-manager home-zsh +description: Enables Fish-like fast/unobtrusive autosuggestions for `zsh' and ++ sets reasonable default values for some plugin's variables to improve perfomance ++ and adjust behavior: `(history completion)' is set for strategy, manual rebind ++ and async are enabled. +relevance: 1 + +name: home-zsh +location: gnu/home-services/shells.scm:236:2 +extends: home-files home-profile +description: Install and configure Zsh. +relevance: 1 + +name: home-bash +location: gnu/home-services/shells.scm:388:2 +extends: home-files home-profile +description: Install and configure Bash. +relevance: 1 + +@dots{} +@end example + +As for @command{guix package --search}, the result is written in +@code{recutils} format, which makes it easy to filter the output +(@pxref{Top, GNU recutils databases,, recutils, GNU recutils manual}). + +@item reconfigure +Build the home environment described in @var{file}, and switch to it. +Switching means that the activation script will be evaluated and (in +basic scenario) symlinks to configuration files generated from +@code{home-environment} declaration will be created in @file{~}. If the +file with the same path already exists in home folder it will be moved +to @file{~/TIMESTAMP-guix-home-legacy-configs-backup}, where TIMESTAMP +is a current UNIX epoch time. + +@quotation Note +It is highly recommended to run @command{guix pull} once before you run +@command{guix home reconfigure} for the first time (@pxref{Invoking guix +pull}). +@end quotation + +This effects all the configuration specified in @var{file}. The command +starts Shepherd services specified in @var{file} that are not currently +running; if a service is currently running, this command will arrange +for it to be upgraded the next time it is stopped (e.g.@: by @code{herd +stop X} or @code{herd restart X}). + +This command creates a new generation whose number is one greater than +the current generation (as reported by @command{guix home +list-generations}). If that generation already exists, it will be +overwritten. This behavior mirrors that of @command{guix package} +(@pxref{Invoking guix package}). + +@cindex provenance tracking, of the home environment +Upon completion, the new home is deployed under @file{~/.guix-home}. +This directory contains @dfn{provenance meta-data}: the list of channels +in use (@pxref{Channels}) and @var{file} itself, when available. You +can view the provenance information by running: + +@example +guix home describe +@end example + +This information is useful should you later want to inspect how this +particular generation was built. In fact, assuming @var{file} is +self-contained, you can later rebuild generation @var{n} of your +home environment with: + +@example +guix time-machine \ + -C /var/guix/profiles/per-user/@var{USER}/guix-home-@var{n}-link/channels.scm -- \ + home reconfigure \ + /var/guix/profiles/per-user/@var{USER}/guix-home-@var{n}-link/configuration.scm + +@end example + +You can think of it as some sort of built-in version control! Your +home is not just a binary artifact: @emph{it carries its own source}. +@c @xref{Service Reference, @code{provenance-service-type}}, for more +@c information on provenance tracking. + +@c @footnote{This action (and the related actions +@c @code{switch-generation} and @code{roll-back}) are usable after the +@c home environment is initialized.}. + +@item switch-generation +@cindex home generations +Switch to an existing home generation. This action atomically switches +the home profile to the specified home generation. + +The target generation can be specified explicitly by its generation +number. For example, the following invocation would switch to home +generation 7: + +@example +guix home switch-generation 7 +@end example + +The target generation can also be specified relative to the current +generation with the form @code{+N} or @code{-N}, where @code{+3} means +``3 generations ahead of the current generation,'' and @code{-1} means +``1 generation prior to the current generation.'' When specifying a +negative value such as @code{-1}, you must precede it with @code{--} to +prevent it from being parsed as an option. For example: + +@example +guix home switch-generation -- -1 +@end example + +This action will fail if the specified generation does not exist. + +@item roll-back +@cindex rolling back +Switch to the preceding home generation. This is the inverse +of @command{reconfigure}, and it is exactly the same as invoking +@command{switch-generation} with an argument of @code{-1}. + +@item delete-generations +@cindex deleting home generations +@cindex saving space +Delete home generations, making them candidates for garbage collection +(@pxref{Invoking guix gc}, for information on how to run the ``garbage +collector''). + +This works in the same way as @samp{guix package --delete-generations} +(@pxref{Invoking guix package, @option{--delete-generations}}). With no +arguments, all home generations but the current one are deleted: + +@example +guix home delete-generations +@end example + +You can also select the generations you want to delete. The example below +deletes all the home generations that are more than two month old: + +@example +guix home delete-generations 2m +@end example + +@item build +Build the derivation of the home environment, which includes all the +configuration files and programs needed. This action does not actually +install anything. + +@item describe +Describe the current home generation: its file name, as well as +provenance information when available. + +@item list-generations +List a summary of each generation of the home environment available on +disk, in a human-readable way. This is similar to the +@option{--list-generations} option of @command{guix package} +(@pxref{Invoking guix package}). + +Optionally, one can specify a pattern, with the same syntax that is used +in @command{guix package --list-generations}, to restrict the list of +generations displayed. For instance, the following command displays +generations that are up to 10 days old: + +@example +$ guix home list-generations 10d +@end example + +@end table @node Documentation @chapter Documentation diff --git a/doc/he-config-bare-bones.scm b/doc/he-config-bare-bones.scm new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..01be46a7b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/he-config-bare-bones.scm @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +(use-modules (gnu home) + (gnu home-services) + (gnu home-services shells) + (gnu services) + (gnu packages admin) + (guix gexp)) + + +(home-environment + (packages (list htop)) + (services + (list + (service home-bash-service-type + (home-bash-configuration + (guix-defaults? #t) + (bash-profile '("\ +export HISTFILE=$XDG_CACHE_HOME/.bash_history")))) + + (simple-service 'test-config + home-files-service-type + (list `("config/test.conf" + ,(plain-file "tmp-file.txt" + "the content of ~/.config/test.conf"))))))) + |