;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU ;;; Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 Ludovic Courtès ;;; Copyright © 2016 Christopher Allan Webber ;;; Copyright © 2016 Leo Famulari ;;; Copyright © 2017 Mathieu Othacehe ;;; Copyright © 2017 Marius Bakke ;;; ;;; This file is part of GNU Guix. ;;; ;;; GNU Guix is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it ;;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by ;;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at ;;; your option) any later version. ;;; ;;; GNU Guix is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but ;;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ;;; GNU General Public License for more details. ;;; ;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ;;; along with GNU Guix. If not, see . (define-module (gnu system vm) #:use-module (guix config) #:use-module (guix store) #:use-module (guix gexp) #:use-module (guix derivations) #:use-module (guix packages) #:use-module (guix monads) #:use-module (guix records) #:use-module (guix modules) #:use-module ((gnu build vm) #:select (qemu-command)) #:use-module (gnu packages base) #:use-module (gnu packages bootloaders) #:use-module (gnu packages cdrom) #:use-module (gnu packages guile) #:use-module (gnu packages gawk) #:use-module (gnu packages bash) #:use-module (gnu packages less) #:use-module (gnu packages virtualization) #:use-module (gnu packages disk) #:use-module (gnu packages zile) #:use-module (gnu packages linux) #:use-module (gnu packages package-management) #:use-module ((gnu packages make-bootstrap) #:select (%guile-static-stripped)) #:use-module (gnu packages admin) #:use-module (gnu bootloader) #:use-module ((gnu bootloader grub) #:select (grub-mkrescue-bootloader)) #:use-module (gnu system shadow) #:use-module (gnu system pam) #:use-module (gnu system linux-initrd) #:use-module (gnu bootloader) #:use-module (gnu system file-systems) #:use-module (gnu system) #:use-module (gnu services) #:use-module (gnu system uuid) #:use-module (srfi srfi-1) #:use-module (srfi srfi-26) #:use-module (rnrs bytevectors) #:use-module (ice-9 match) #:export (expression->derivation-in-linux-vm qemu-image virtualized-operating-system system-qemu-image system-qemu-image/shared-store system-qemu-image/shared-store-script system-disk-image virtual-machine virtual-machine?)) ;;; Commentary: ;;; ;;; Tools to evaluate build expressions within virtual machines. ;;; ;;; Code: (define %linux-vm-file-systems ;; File systems mounted for 'derivation-in-linux-vm'. The store and /xchg ;; directory are shared with the host over 9p. (list (file-system (mount-point (%store-prefix)) (device "store") (type "9p") (needed-for-boot? #t) (options "trans=virtio") (check? #f)) (file-system (mount-point "/xchg") (device "xchg") (type "9p") (needed-for-boot? #t) (options "trans=virtio") (check? #f)))) (define* (expression->derivation-in-linux-vm name exp #:key (system (%current-system)) (linux linux-libre) initrd (qemu qemu-minimal) (env-vars '()) (guile-for-build (%guile-for-build)) (single-file-output? #f) (make-disk-image? #f) (references-graphs #f) (memory-size 256) (disk-image-format "qcow2") (disk-image-size 'guess)) "Evaluate EXP in a QEMU virtual machine running LINUX with INITRD (a derivation). The virtual machine runs with MEMORY-SIZE MiB of memory. In the virtual machine, EXP has access to all its inputs from the store; it should put its output file(s) in the '/xchg' directory. If SINGLE-FILE-OUTPUT? is true, copy a single file from '/xchg' to OUTPUT. Otherwise, copy the contents of /xchg to a new directory OUTPUT. When MAKE-DISK-IMAGE? is true, then create a QEMU disk image of type DISK-IMAGE-FORMAT (e.g., 'qcow2' or 'raw'), of DISK-IMAGE-SIZE bytes and return it. When DISK-IMAGE-SIZE is 'guess, estimate the image size based based on the size of the closure of REFERENCES-GRAPHS. When REFERENCES-GRAPHS is true, it must be a list of file name/store path pairs, as for `derivation'. The files containing the reference graphs are made available under the /xchg CIFS share." (mlet* %store-monad ((user-builder (gexp->file "builder-in-linux-vm" exp)) (loader (gexp->file "linux-vm-loader" #~(primitive-load #$user-builder))) (coreutils -> (canonical-package coreutils)) (initrd (if initrd ; use the default initrd? (return initrd) (base-initrd %linux-vm-file-systems #:linux linux #:virtio? #t #:qemu-networking? #t)))) (define builder ;; Code that launches the VM that evaluates EXP. (with-imported-modules (source-module-closure '((guix build utils) (gnu build vm))) #~(begin (use-modules (guix build utils) (gnu build vm)) (let* ((inputs '#$(list qemu coreutils)) (linux (string-append #$linux "/" #$(system-linux-image-file-name))) (initrd (string-append #$initrd "/initrd")) (loader #$loader) (graphs '#$(match references-graphs (((graph-files . _) ...) graph-files) (_ #f))) (size #$(if (eq? 'guess disk-image-size) #~(+ (* 70 (expt 2 20)) ;ESP (estimated-partition-size graphs)) disk-image-size))) (set-path-environment-variable "PATH" '("bin") inputs) (load-in-linux-vm loader #:output #$output #:linux linux #:initrd initrd #:memory-size #$memory-size #:make-disk-image? #$make-disk-image? #:single-file-output? #$single-file-output? #:disk-image-format #$disk-image-format #:disk-image-size size #:references-graphs graphs))))) (gexp->derivation name builder ;; TODO: Require the "kvm" feature. #:system system #:env-vars env-vars #:guile-for-build guile-for-build #:references-graphs references-graphs))) (define* (iso9660-image #:key (name "iso9660-image") file-system-label file-system-uuid (system (%current-system)) (qemu qemu-minimal) os-drv bootcfg-drv bootloader register-closures? (inputs '())) "Return a bootable, stand-alone iso9660 image. INPUTS is a list of inputs (as for packages)." (expression->derivation-in-linux-vm name (with-imported-modules (source-module-closure '((gnu build vm) (guix build utils))) #~(begin (use-modules (gnu build vm) (guix build utils)) (let ((inputs '#$(append (list qemu parted e2fsprogs dosfstools xorriso) (map canonical-package (list sed grep coreutils findutils gawk)) (if register-closures? (list guix) '()))) (graphs '#$(match inputs (((names . _) ...) names))) ;; This variable is unused but allows us to add INPUTS-TO-COPY ;; as inputs. (to-register '#$(map (match-lambda ((name thing) thing) ((name thing output) `(,thing ,output))) inputs))) (set-path-environment-variable "PATH" '("bin" "sbin") inputs) (make-iso9660-image #$(bootloader-package bootloader) #$bootcfg-drv #$os-drv "/xchg/guixsd.iso" #:register-closures? #$register-closures? #:closures graphs #:volume-id #$file-system-label #:volume-uuid #$(and=> file-system-uuid uuid-bytevector)) (reboot)))) #:system system #:make-disk-image? #f #:single-file-output? #t #:references-graphs inputs)) (define* (qemu-image #:key (name "qemu-image") (system (%current-system)) (qemu qemu-minimal) (disk-image-size 'guess) (disk-image-format "qcow2") (file-system-type "ext4") file-system-label file-system-uuid os-drv bootcfg-drv bootloader (register-closures? #t) (inputs '()) copy-inputs?) "Return a bootable, stand-alone QEMU image of type DISK-IMAGE-FORMAT (e.g., 'qcow2' or 'raw'), with a root partition of type FILE-SYSTEM-TYPE. Optionally, FILE-SYSTEM-LABEL can be specified as the volume name for the root partition; likewise FILE-SYSTEM-UUID, if true, specifies the UUID of the root partition (a UUID object). The returned image is a full disk image that runs OS-DERIVATION, with a GRUB installation that uses GRUB-CONFIGURATION as its configuration file (GRUB-CONFIGURATION must be the name of a file in the VM.) INPUTS is a list of inputs (as for packages). When COPY-INPUTS? is true, copy all of INPUTS into the image being built. When REGISTER-CLOSURES? is true, register INPUTS in the store database of the image so that Guix can be used in the image." (expression->derivation-in-linux-vm name (with-imported-modules (source-module-closure '((gnu build vm) (guix build utils))) #~(begin (use-modules (gnu build vm) (guix build utils) (srfi srfi-26)) (let ((inputs '#$(append (list qemu parted e2fsprogs dosfstools) (map canonical-package (list sed grep coreutils findutils gawk)) (if register-closures? (list guix) '()))) ;; This variable is unused but allows us to add INPUTS-TO-COPY ;; as inputs. (to-register '#$(map (match-lambda ((name thing) thing) ((name thing output) `(,thing ,output))) inputs))) (set-path-environment-variable "PATH" '("bin" "sbin") inputs) (let* ((graphs '#$(match inputs (((names . _) ...) names))) (initialize (root-partition-initializer #:closures graphs #:copy-closures? #$copy-inputs? #:register-closures? #$register-closures? #:system-directory #$os-drv)) (root-size #$(if (eq? 'guess disk-image-size) #~(max ;; Minimum 20 MiB root size (* 20 (expt 2 20)) (estimated-partition-size (map (cut string-append "/xchg/" <>) graphs))) (- disk-image-size (* 50 (expt 2 20))))) (partitions (list (partition (size root-size) (label #$file-system-label) (uuid #$(and=> file-system-uuid uuid-bytevector)) (file-system #$file-system-type) (flags '(boot)) (initializer initialize)) ;; Append a small EFI System Partition for ;; use with UEFI bootloaders. (partition ;; The standalone grub image is about 10MiB, but ;; leave some room for custom or multiple images. (size (* 40 (expt 2 20))) (label "GNU-ESP") ;cosmetic only ;; Use "vfat" here since this property is used ;; when mounting. The actual FAT-ness is based ;; on filesystem size (16 in this case). (file-system "vfat") (flags '(esp)))))) (initialize-hard-disk "/dev/vda" #:partitions partitions #:grub-efi #$grub-efi #:bootloader-package #$(bootloader-package bootloader) #:bootcfg #$bootcfg-drv #:bootcfg-location #$(bootloader-configuration-file bootloader) #:bootloader-installer #$(bootloader-installer bootloader)) (reboot))))) #:system system #:make-disk-image? #t #:disk-image-size disk-image-size #:disk-image-format disk-image-format #:references-graphs inputs)) ;;; ;;; VM and disk images. ;;; (define* (operating-system-uuid os #:optional (type 'dce)) "Compute UUID object with a deterministic \"UUID\" for OS, of the given TYPE (one of 'iso9660 or 'dce). Return a UUID object." (if (eq? type 'iso9660) (let ((pad (compose (cut string-pad <> 2 #\0) number->string)) (h (hash (operating-system-services os) 3600))) (bytevector->uuid (string->iso9660-uuid (string-append "1970-01-01-" (pad (hash (operating-system-host-name os) 24)) "-" (pad (quotient h 60)) "-" (pad (modulo h 60)) "-" (pad (hash (operating-system-file-systems os) 100)))) 'iso9660)) (bytevector->uuid (uint-list->bytevector (list (hash file-system-type (expt 2 32)) (hash (operating-system-host-name os) (expt 2 32)) (hash (operating-system-services os) (expt 2 32)) (hash (operating-system-file-systems os) (expt 2 32))) (endianness little) 4) type))) (define* (system-disk-image os #:key (name "disk-image") (file-system-type "ext4") (disk-image-size (* 900 (expt 2 20))) (volatile? #t)) "Return the derivation of a disk image of DISK-IMAGE-SIZE bytes of the system described by OS. Said image can be copied on a USB stick as is. When VOLATILE? is true, the root file system is made volatile; this is useful to USB sticks meant to be read-only." (define normalize-label ;; ISO labels are all-caps (case-insensitive), but since ;; 'find-partition-by-label' is case-sensitive, make it all-caps here. (if (string=? "iso9660" file-system-type) string-upcase identity)) (define root-label ;; Volume name of the root file system. (normalize-label "GuixSD_image")) (define root-uuid ;; UUID of the root file system, computed in a deterministic fashion. ;; This is what we use to locate the root file system so it has to be ;; different from the user's own file system UUIDs. (operating-system-uuid os (if (string=? file-system-type "iso9660") 'iso9660 'dce))) (define file-systems-to-keep (remove (lambda (fs) (string=? (file-system-mount-point fs) "/")) (operating-system-file-systems os))) (let ((os (operating-system (inherit os) ;; Since this is meant to be used on real hardware, don't ;; install QEMU networking or anything like that. Assume USB ;; mass storage devices (usb-storage.ko) are available. (initrd (lambda (file-systems . rest) (apply base-initrd file-systems #:volatile-root? #t rest))) (bootloader (if (string=? "iso9660" file-system-type) (bootloader-configuration (inherit (operating-system-bootloader os)) (bootloader grub-mkrescue-bootloader)) (operating-system-bootloader os))) ;; Force our own root file system. (file-systems (cons (file-system (mount-point "/") (device root-uuid) (title 'uuid) (type file-system-type)) file-systems-to-keep))))) (mlet* %store-monad ((os-drv (operating-system-derivation os)) (bootcfg (operating-system-bootcfg os))) (if (string=? "iso9660" file-system-type) (iso9660-image #:name name #:file-system-label root-label #:file-system-uuid root-uuid #:os-drv os-drv #:register-closures? #t #:bootcfg-drv bootcfg #:bootloader (bootloader-configuration-bootloader (operating-system-bootloader os)) #:inputs `(("system" ,os-drv) ("bootcfg" ,bootcfg))) (qemu-image #:name name #:os-drv os-drv #:bootcfg-drv bootcfg #:bootloader (bootloader-configuration-bootloader (operating-system-bootloader os)) #:disk-image-size disk-image-size #:disk-image-format "raw" #:file-system-type file-system-type #:file-system-label root-label #:file-system-uuid root-uuid #:copy-inputs? #t #:register-closures? #t #:inputs `(("system" ,os-drv) ("bootcfg" ,bootcfg))))))) (define* (system-qemu-image os #:key (file-system-type "ext4") (disk-image-size (* 900 (expt 2 20)))) "Return the derivation of a freestanding QEMU image of DISK-IMAGE-SIZE bytes of the GNU system as described by OS." (define file-systems-to-keep ;; Keep only file systems other than root and not normally bound to real ;; devices. (remove (lambda (fs) (let ((target (file-system-mount-point fs)) (source (file-system-device fs))) (or (string=? target "/") (string-prefix? "/dev/" source)))) (operating-system-file-systems os))) (let ((os (operating-system (inherit os) ;; Use an initrd with the whole QEMU shebang. (initrd (lambda (file-systems . rest) (apply base-initrd file-systems #:virtio? #t rest))) ;; Force our own root file system. (file-systems (cons (file-system (mount-point "/") (device "/dev/sda1") (type file-system-type)) file-systems-to-keep))))) (mlet* %store-monad ((os-drv (operating-system-derivation os)) (bootcfg (operating-system-bootcfg os))) (qemu-image #:os-drv os-drv #:bootcfg-drv bootcfg #:bootloader (bootloader-configuration-bootloader (operating-system-bootloader os)) #:disk-image-size disk-image-size #:file-system-type file-system-type #:inputs `(("system" ,os-drv) ("bootcfg" ,bootcfg)) #:copy-inputs? #t)))) ;;; ;;; VMs that share file systems with the host. ;;; (define (file-system->mount-tag fs) "Return a 9p mount tag for host file system FS." ;; QEMU mount tags cannot contain slashes and cannot start with '_'. ;; Compute an identifier that corresponds to the rules. (string-append "TAG" (string-map (match-lambda (#\/ #\_) (chr chr)) fs))) (define (mapping->file-system mapping) "Return a 9p file system that realizes MAPPING." (match mapping (($ source target writable?) (file-system (mount-point target) (device (file-system->mount-tag source)) (type "9p") (flags (if writable? '() '(read-only))) (options (string-append "trans=virtio")) (check? #f) (create-mount-point? #t))))) (define* (virtualized-operating-system os mappings #:optional (full-boot? #f)) "Return an operating system based on OS suitable for use in a virtualized environment with the store shared with the host. MAPPINGS is a list of to realize in the virtualized OS." (define user-file-systems ;; Remove file systems that conflict with those added below, or that are ;; normally bound to real devices. (remove (lambda (fs) (let ((target (file-system-mount-point fs)) (source (file-system-device fs))) (or (string=? target (%store-prefix)) (string=? target "/") (and (eq? 'device (file-system-title fs)) (string-prefix? "/dev/" source))))) (operating-system-file-systems os))) (define virtual-file-systems (cons (file-system (mount-point "/") (device "/dev/vda1") (type "ext4")) (append (map mapping->file-system mappings) user-file-systems))) (operating-system (inherit os) (initrd (lambda (file-systems . rest) (apply base-initrd file-systems #:volatile-root? #t #:virtio? #t rest))) ;; Disable swap. (swap-devices '()) ;; XXX: When FULL-BOOT? is true, do not add a 9p mount for /gnu/store ;; since that would lead the bootloader config to look for the kernel and ;; initrd in it. (file-systems (if full-boot? virtual-file-systems (cons (file-system (inherit (mapping->file-system %store-mapping)) (needed-for-boot? #t)) virtual-file-systems))))) (define* (system-qemu-image/shared-store os #:key full-boot? (disk-image-size (* (if full-boot? 500 30) (expt 2 20)))) "Return a derivation that builds a QEMU image of OS that shares its store with the host. When FULL-BOOT? is true, return an image that does a complete boot sequence, bootloaded included; thus, make a disk image that contains everything the bootloader refers to: OS kernel, initrd, bootloader data, etc." (mlet* %store-monad ((os-drv (operating-system-derivation os)) (bootcfg (operating-system-bootcfg os))) ;; XXX: When FULL-BOOT? is true, we end up creating an image that contains ;; BOOTCFG and all its dependencies, including the output of OS-DRV. ;; This is more than needed (we only need the kernel, initrd, GRUB for its ;; font, and the background image), but it's hard to filter that. (qemu-image #:os-drv os-drv #:bootcfg-drv bootcfg #:bootloader (bootloader-configuration-bootloader (operating-system-bootloader os)) #:disk-image-size disk-image-size #:inputs (if full-boot? `(("bootcfg" ,bootcfg)) '()) ;; XXX: Passing #t here is too slow, so let it off by default. #:register-closures? #f #:copy-inputs? full-boot?))) (define* (common-qemu-options image shared-fs) "Return the a string-value gexp with the common QEMU options to boot IMAGE, with '-virtfs' options for the host file systems listed in SHARED-FS." (define (virtfs-option fs) #~(format #f "-virtfs local,path=~s,security_model=none,mount_tag=~s" #$fs #$(file-system->mount-tag fs))) #~(;; Only enable kvm if we see /dev/kvm exists. ;; This allows users without hardware virtualization to still use these ;; commands. #$@(if (file-exists? "/dev/kvm") '("-enable-kvm") '()) "-no-reboot" "-net nic,model=virtio" #$@(map virtfs-option shared-fs) "-vga std" (format #f "-drive file=~a,if=virtio,cache=writeback,werror=report,readonly" #$image))) (define* (system-qemu-image/shared-store-script os #:key (qemu qemu) (graphic? #t) (memory-size 256) (mappings '()) full-boot? (disk-image-size (* (if full-boot? 500 70) (expt 2 20))) (options '())) "Return a derivation that builds a script to run a virtual machine image of OS that shares its store with the host. The virtual machine runs with MEMORY-SIZE MiB of memory. MAPPINGS is a list of specifying mapping of host file systems into the guest. When FULL-BOOT? is true, the returned script runs everything starting from the bootloader; otherwise it directly starts the operating system kernel. The DISK-IMAGE-SIZE parameter specifies the size in bytes of the root disk image; it is mostly useful when FULL-BOOT? is true." (mlet* %store-monad ((os -> (virtualized-operating-system os mappings full-boot?)) (os-drv (operating-system-derivation os)) (image (system-qemu-image/shared-store os #:full-boot? full-boot? #:disk-image-size disk-image-size))) (define kernel-arguments #~(list #$@(if graphic? #~() #~("console=ttyS0")) #+@(operating-system-kernel-arguments os os-drv "/dev/vda1"))) (define qemu-exec #~(list (string-append #$qemu "/bin/" #$(qemu-command (%current-system))) #$@(if full-boot? #~() #~("-kernel" #$(operating-system-kernel-file os) "-initrd" #$(file-append os-drv "/initrd") (format #f "-append ~s" (string-join #$kernel-arguments " ")))) #$@(common-qemu-options image (map file-system-mapping-source (cons %store-mapping mappings))) "-m " (number->string #$memory-size) #$@options)) (define builder #~(call-with-output-file #$output (lambda (port) (format port "#!~a~% exec ~a \"$@\"~%" #$(file-append bash "/bin/sh") (string-join #$qemu-exec " ")) (chmod port #o555)))) (gexp->derivation "run-vm.sh" builder))) ;;; ;;; High-level abstraction. ;;; (define-record-type* %virtual-machine make-virtual-machine virtual-machine? (operating-system virtual-machine-operating-system) ; (qemu virtual-machine-qemu ; (default qemu)) (graphic? virtual-machine-graphic? ;Boolean (default #f)) (memory-size virtual-machine-memory-size ;integer (MiB) (default 256)) (port-forwardings virtual-machine-port-forwardings ;list of integer pairs (default '()))) (define-syntax virtual-machine (syntax-rules () "Declare a virtual machine running the specified OS, with the given options." ((_ os) ;shortcut (%virtual-machine (operating-system os))) ((_ fields ...) (%virtual-machine fields ...)))) (define (port-forwardings->qemu-options forwardings) "Return the QEMU option for the given port FORWARDINGS as a string, where FORWARDINGS is a list of host-port/guest-port pairs." (string-join (map (match-lambda ((host-port . guest-port) (string-append "hostfwd=tcp::" (number->string host-port) "-:" (number->string guest-port)))) forwardings) ",")) (define-gexp-compiler (virtual-machine-compiler (vm ) system target) ;; XXX: SYSTEM and TARGET are ignored. (match vm (($ os qemu graphic? memory-size ()) (system-qemu-image/shared-store-script os #:qemu qemu #:graphic? graphic? #:memory-size memory-size)) (($ os qemu graphic? memory-size forwardings) (let ((options `("-net" ,(string-append "user," (port-forwardings->qemu-options forwardings))))) (system-qemu-image/shared-store-script os #:qemu qemu #:graphic? graphic? #:memory-size memory-size #:options options))))) ;;; vm.scm ends here