summary refs log tree commit diff
path: root/gnu/system/install.scm
blob: a94e3ab2d5207fe64243e9a4f91dd7649d9fbf80 (plain) (blame)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU
;;; Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
;;; Copyright © 2015 Mark H Weaver <mhw@netris.org>
;;;
;;; This file is part of GNU Guix.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
;;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
;;; your option) any later version.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
;;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;;;
;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;;; along with GNU Guix.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

(define-module (gnu system install)
  #:use-module (gnu)
  #:use-module (guix gexp)
  #:use-module (guix store)
  #:use-module (guix monads)
  #:use-module ((guix store) #:select (%store-prefix))
  #:use-module (guix profiles)
  #:use-module (gnu services shepherd)
  #:use-module (gnu packages admin)
  #:use-module (gnu packages bash)
  #:use-module (gnu packages linux)
  #:use-module (gnu packages cryptsetup)
  #:use-module (gnu packages package-management)
  #:use-module (gnu packages disk)
  #:use-module (gnu packages grub)
  #:use-module (gnu packages texinfo)
  #:use-module (gnu packages compression)
  #:use-module (ice-9 match)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-26)
  #:export (self-contained-tarball
            installation-os))

;;; Commentary:
;;;
;;; This module provides an 'operating-system' definition for use on images
;;; for USB sticks etc., for the installation of the GNU system.
;;;
;;; Code:


(define* (self-contained-tarball #:key (guix guix))
  "Return a self-contained tarball containing a store initialized with the
closure of GUIX.  The tarball contains /gnu/store, /var/guix, and a profile
under /root/.guix-profile where GUIX is installed."
  (mlet %store-monad ((profile (profile-derivation
                                (manifest
                                 (list (package->manifest-entry guix))))))
    (define build
      #~(begin
          (use-modules (guix build utils)
                       (gnu build install))

          (define %root "root")

          (setenv "PATH"
                  (string-append #$guix "/sbin:" #$tar "/bin:" #$xz "/bin"))

          ;; Note: there is not much to gain here with deduplication and there
          ;; is the overhead of the '.links' directory, so turn it off.
          (populate-single-profile-directory %root
                                             #:profile #$profile
                                             #:closure "profile"
                                             #:deduplicate? #f)

          ;; Create the tarball.  Use GNU format so there's no file name
          ;; length limitation.
          (with-directory-excursion %root
            (zero? (system* "tar" "--xz" "--format=gnu"

                            ;; Avoid non-determinism in the archive.  Use
                            ;; mtime = 1, not zero, because that is what the
                            ;; daemon does for files in the store (see the
                            ;; 'mtimeStore' constant in local-store.cc.)
                            "--sort=name"
                            "--mtime=@1"          ;for files in /var/guix
                            "--owner=root:0"
                            "--group=root:0"

                            "--check-links"
                            "-cvf" #$output
                            ;; Avoid adding / and /var to the tarball,
                            ;; so that the ownership and permissions of those
                            ;; directories will not be overwritten when
                            ;; extracting the archive.  Do not include /root
                            ;; because the root account might have a different
                            ;; home directory.
                            "./var/guix"
                            (string-append "." (%store-directory)))))))

    (gexp->derivation "guix-tarball.tar.xz" build
                      #:references-graphs `(("profile" ,profile))
                      #:modules '((guix build utils)
                                  (guix build store-copy)
                                  (gnu build install)))))


(define (log-to-info)
  "Return a script that spawns the Info reader on the right section of the
manual."
  (program-file "log-to-info"
                #~(begin
                    ;; 'gunzip' is needed to decompress the doc.
                    (setenv "PATH" (string-append #$gzip "/bin"))

                    (execl (string-append #$info-reader "/bin/info") "info"
                           "-d" "/run/current-system/profile/share/info"
                           "-f" (string-append #$guix "/share/info/guix.info")
                           "-n" "System Installation"))))

(define %backing-directory
  ;; Sub-directory used as the backing store for copy-on-write.
  "/tmp/guix-inst")

(define (make-cow-store target)
  "Return a gexp that makes the store copy-on-write, using TARGET as the
backing store.  This is useful when TARGET is on a hard disk, whereas the
current store is on a RAM disk."
  (define (unionfs read-only read-write mount-point)
    ;; Make MOUNT-POINT the union of READ-ONLY and READ-WRITE.

    ;; Note: in the command below, READ-WRITE appears before READ-ONLY so that
    ;; it is considered a "higher-level branch", as per unionfs-fuse(8),
    ;; thereby allowing files existing on READ-ONLY to be copied over to
    ;; READ-WRITE.
    #~(fork+exec-command
       (list (string-append #$unionfs-fuse "/bin/unionfs")
             "-o"
             "cow,allow_other,use_ino,max_files=65536,nonempty"
             (string-append #$read-write "=RW:" #$read-only "=RO")
             #$mount-point)))

  (define (set-store-permissions directory)
    ;; Set the right perms on DIRECTORY to use it as the store.
    #~(begin
        (chown #$directory 0 30000)             ;use the fixed 'guixbuild' GID
        (chmod #$directory #o1775)))

  #~(begin
      (unless (file-exists? "/.ro-store")
        (mkdir "/.ro-store")
        (mount #$(%store-prefix) "/.ro-store" "none"
               (logior MS_BIND MS_RDONLY)))

      (let ((rw-dir (string-append target #$%backing-directory)))
        (mkdir-p rw-dir)
        (mkdir-p "/.rw-store")
        #$(set-store-permissions #~rw-dir)
        #$(set-store-permissions "/.rw-store")

        ;; Mount the union, then atomically make it the store.
        (and #$(unionfs "/.ro-store" #~rw-dir "/.rw-store")
             (begin
               (sleep 1) ;XXX: wait for unionfs to be ready
               (mount "/.rw-store" #$(%store-prefix) "" MS_MOVE)
               (rmdir "/.rw-store"))))))

(define cow-store-service-type
  (shepherd-service-type
   'cow-store
   (lambda _
     (shepherd-service
      (requirement '(root-file-system user-processes))
      (provision '(cow-store))
      (documentation
       "Make the store copy-on-write, with writes going to \
the given target.")

      ;; This is meant to be explicitly started by the user.
      (auto-start? #f)

      (start #~(case-lambda
                 ((target)
                  #$(make-cow-store #~target)
                  target)
                 (else
                  ;; Do nothing, and mark the service as stopped.
                  #f)))
      (stop #~(lambda (target)
                ;; Delete the temporary directory, but leave everything
                ;; mounted as there may still be processes using it since
                ;; 'user-processes' doesn't depend on us.  The 'user-unmount'
                ;; service will unmount TARGET eventually.
                (delete-file-recursively
                 (string-append target #$%backing-directory))))))))

(define (cow-store-service)
  "Return a service that makes the store copy-on-write, such that writes go to
the user's target storage device rather than on the RAM disk."
  ;; See <http://bugs.gnu.org/18061> for the initial report.
  (service cow-store-service-type 'mooooh!))


(define (/etc/configuration-files _)
  "Return a list of tuples representing configuration templates to add to
/etc."
  (define (file f)
    (local-file (search-path %load-path
                             (string-append "gnu/system/examples/" f))))

  (define directory
    (computed-file "configuration-templates"
                   #~(begin
                       (mkdir #$output)
                       (for-each (lambda (file target)
                                   (copy-file file
                                              (string-append #$output "/"
                                                             target)))
                                 '(#$(file "bare-bones.tmpl")
                                   #$(file "desktop.tmpl")
                                   #$(file "lightweight-desktop.tmpl"))
                                 '("bare-bones.scm"
                                   "desktop.scm"
                                   "lightweight-desktop.scm"))
                       #t)
                   #:modules '((guix build utils))))

  `(("configuration" ,directory)))

(define configuration-template-service-type
  (service-type (name 'configuration-template)
                (extensions
                 (list (service-extension etc-service-type
                                          /etc/configuration-files)))))

(define %configuration-template-service
  (service configuration-template-service-type #t))


(define %nscd-minimal-caches
  ;; Minimal in-memory caching policy for nscd.
  (list (nscd-cache (database 'hosts)
                    (positive-time-to-live (* 3600 12))

                    ;; Do not cache lookup failures at all since they are
                    ;; quite likely (for instance when someone tries to ping a
                    ;; host before networking is functional.)
                    (negative-time-to-live 0)

                    (persistent? #f)
                    (max-database-size (* 5 (expt 2 20)))))) ;5 MiB

(define (installation-services)
  "Return the list services for the installation image."
  (let ((motd (plain-file "motd" "
Welcome to the installation of the Guix System Distribution!

There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  In particular, you may
LOSE ALL YOUR DATA as a side effect of the installation process.  Furthermore,
it is alpha software, so it may BREAK IN UNEXPECTED WAYS.

You have been warned.  Thanks for being so brave.
")))
    (define (normal-tty tty)
      (mingetty-service (mingetty-configuration (tty tty)
                                                (motd motd)
                                                (auto-login "root")
                                                (login-pause? #t))))

    (list (mingetty-service (mingetty-configuration
                             (tty "tty1")
                             (motd motd)
                             (auto-login "root")))

          ;; Documentation.  The manual is in UTF-8, but
          ;; 'console-font-service' sets up Unicode support and loads a font
          ;; with all the useful glyphs like em dash and quotation marks.
          (mingetty-service (mingetty-configuration
                             (tty "tty2")
                             (motd motd)
                             (auto-login "guest")
                             (login-program (log-to-info))))

          ;; Documentation add-on.
          %configuration-template-service

          ;; A bunch of 'root' ttys.
          (normal-tty "tty3")
          (normal-tty "tty4")
          (normal-tty "tty5")
          (normal-tty "tty6")

          ;; The usual services.
          (syslog-service)

          ;; The build daemon.  Register the hydra.gnu.org key as trusted.
          ;; This allows the installation process to use substitutes by
          ;; default.
          (guix-service (guix-configuration (authorize-key? #t)))

          ;; Start udev so that useful device nodes are available.
          ;; Use device-mapper rules for cryptsetup & co; enable the CRDA for
          ;; regulations-compliant WiFi access.
          (udev-service #:rules (list lvm2 crda))

          ;; Add the 'cow-store' service, which users have to start manually
          ;; since it takes the installation directory as an argument.
          (cow-store-service)

          ;; Install Unicode support and a suitable font.
          (console-font-service "tty1")
          (console-font-service "tty2")
          (console-font-service "tty3")
          (console-font-service "tty4")
          (console-font-service "tty5")
          (console-font-service "tty6")

          ;; To facilitate copy/paste.
          (gpm-service)

          ;; Since this is running on a USB stick with a unionfs as the root
          ;; file system, use an appropriate cache configuration.
          (nscd-service (nscd-configuration
                         (caches %nscd-minimal-caches))))))

(define %issue
  ;; Greeting.
  "
This is an installation image of the GNU system.  Welcome.

Use Alt-F2 for documentation.
")

(define installation-os
  ;; The operating system used on installation images for USB sticks etc.
  (operating-system
    (host-name "gnu")
    (timezone "Europe/Paris")
    (locale "en_US.utf8")
    (bootloader (grub-configuration
                 (device "/dev/sda")))
    (file-systems
     ;; Note: the disk image build code overrides this root file system with
     ;; the appropriate one.
     (cons* (file-system
              (mount-point "/")
              (device "gnu-disk-image")
              (title 'label)
              (type "ext4"))

            ;; Make /tmp a tmpfs instead of keeping the unionfs.  This is
            ;; because FUSE creates '.fuse_hiddenXYZ' files for each open file,
            ;; and this confuses Guix's test suite, for instance.  See
            ;; <http://bugs.gnu.org/23056>.
            (file-system
              (mount-point "/tmp")
              (device "none")
              (title 'device)
              (type "tmpfs")
              (check? #f))

            ;; XXX: This should be %BASE-FILE-SYSTEMS but we don't need
            ;; elogind's cgroup file systems.
            (list %pseudo-terminal-file-system
                  %shared-memory-file-system
                  %immutable-store)))

    (users (list (user-account
                  (name "guest")
                  (group "users")
                  (supplementary-groups '("wheel")) ; allow use of sudo
                  (password "")
                  (comment "Guest of GNU")
                  (home-directory "/home/guest"))))

    (issue %issue)

    (services (installation-services))

    ;; We don't need setuid programs so pass the empty list so we don't pull
    ;; additional programs here.
    (setuid-programs '())

    (pam-services
     ;; Explicitly allow for empty passwords.
     (base-pam-services #:allow-empty-passwords? #t))

    (packages (cons* (canonical-package glibc) ;for 'tzselect' & co.
                     parted ddrescue
                     grub                  ;mostly so xrefs to its manual work
                     cryptsetup
                     btrfs-progs
                     wireless-tools iw wpa-supplicant-minimal iproute
                     ;; XXX: We used to have GNU fdisk here, but as of version
                     ;; 2.0.0a, that pulls Guile 1.8, which takes unreasonable
                     ;; space; furthermore util-linux's fdisk is already
                     ;; available here, so we keep that.
                     bash-completion
                     %base-packages))))

;; Return it here so 'guix system' can consume it directly.
installation-os

;;; install.scm ends here