summary refs log tree commit diff
path: root/po/doc/guix-cookbook.fr.po
blob: e7cab77b765f2329b08a6d83eab325e385cec3f1 (plain) (blame)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3175
3176
3177
3178
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191
3192
3193
3194
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
3200
3201
3202
3203
3204
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
3233
3234
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
3372
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393
3394
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
3576
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
3592
3593
3594
3595
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
3625
3626
3627
3628
3629
3630
3631
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
3639
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3653
3654
3655
3656
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
3667
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692
3693
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
3716
3717
3718
3719
3720
3721
3722
3723
3724
3725
3726
3727
3728
3729
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757
3758
3759
3760
3761
3762
3763
3764
3765
3766
3767
3768
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
3784
3785
3786
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
3792
3793
3794
3795
3796
3797
3798
3799
3800
3801
3802
3803
3804
3805
3806
3807
3808
3809
3810
3811
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
3839
3840
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3846
3847
3848
3849
3850
3851
3852
3853
3854
3855
3856
3857
3858
3859
3860
3861
3862
3863
3864
3865
3866
3867
3868
3869
3870
3871
3872
3873
3874
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
3883
3884
3885
3886
3887
3888
3889
3890
3891
3892
3893
3894
3895
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901
3902
3903
3904
3905
3906
3907
3908
3909
3910
3911
3912
3913
3914
3915
3916
3917
3918
3919
3920
3921
3922
3923
3924
3925
3926
3927
3928
3929
3930
3931
3932
3933
3934
3935
3936
3937
3938
3939
3940
3941
3942
3943
3944
3945
3946
3947
3948
3949
3950
3951
3952
3953
3954
3955
3956
3957
3958
3959
3960
3961
3962
3963
3964
3965
3966
3967
3968
3969
3970
3971
3972
3973
3974
3975
3976
3977
3978
3979
3980
3981
3982
3983
3984
3985
3986
3987
3988
3989
3990
3991
3992
3993
3994
3995
3996
3997
3998
3999
4000
4001
4002
4003
4004
4005
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
4031
4032
4033
4034
4035
4036
4037
4038
4039
4040
4041
4042
4043
4044
4045
4046
4047
4048
4049
4050
4051
4052
4053
4054
4055
4056
4057
4058
4059
4060
4061
4062
4063
4064
4065
4066
4067
4068
4069
4070
4071
4072
4073
4074
4075
4076
4077
4078
4079
4080
4081
4082
4083
4084
4085
4086
4087
4088
4089
4090
4091
4092
4093
4094
4095
4096
4097
4098
4099
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
4120
4121
4122
4123
4124
4125
4126
4127
4128
4129
4130
4131
4132
4133
4134
4135
4136
4137
4138
4139
4140
4141
4142
4143
4144
4145
4146
4147
4148
4149
4150
4151
4152
4153
4154
4155
4156
4157
4158
4159
4160
4161
4162
4163
4164
4165
4166
4167
4168
4169
4170
4171
4172
4173
4174
4175
4176
4177
4178
4179
4180
4181
4182
4183
4184
4185
4186
4187
4188
4189
4190
4191
4192
4193
4194
4195
4196
4197
4198
4199
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
4205
4206
4207
4208
4209
4210
4211
4212
4213
4214
4215
4216
4217
4218
4219
4220
4221
4222
4223
4224
4225
4226
4227
4228
4229
4230
4231
4232
4233
4234
4235
4236
4237
4238
4239
4240
4241
4242
4243
4244
4245
4246
4247
4248
4249
4250
4251
4252
4253
4254
4255
4256
4257
4258
4259
4260
4261
4262
4263
4264
4265
4266
4267
4268
4269
4270
4271
4272
4273
4274
4275
4276
4277
4278
4279
4280
4281
4282
4283
4284
4285
4286
4287
4288
4289
4290
4291
4292
4293
4294
4295
4296
4297
4298
4299
4300
4301
4302
4303
4304
4305
4306
4307
4308
4309
4310
4311
4312
4313
4314
4315
4316
4317
4318
4319
4320
4321
4322
4323
4324
4325
4326
4327
4328
4329
4330
4331
4332
4333
4334
4335
4336
4337
4338
4339
4340
4341
4342
4343
4344
4345
4346
4347
4348
4349
4350
4351
4352
4353
4354
4355
4356
4357
4358
4359
4360
4361
4362
4363
4364
4365
4366
4367
4368
4369
4370
4371
4372
4373
4374
4375
4376
4377
4378
4379
4380
4381
4382
4383
4384
4385
4386
4387
4388
4389
4390
4391
4392
4393
4394
4395
4396
4397
4398
4399
4400
4401
4402
4403
4404
4405
4406
4407
4408
4409
4410
4411
4412
4413
4414
4415
4416
4417
4418
4419
4420
4421
4422
4423
4424
4425
4426
4427
4428
4429
4430
4431
4432
4433
4434
4435
4436
4437
4438
4439
4440
4441
4442
4443
4444
4445
4446
4447
4448
4449
4450
4451
4452
4453
4454
4455
4456
4457
4458
4459
4460
4461
4462
4463
4464
4465
4466
4467
4468
4469
4470
4471
4472
4473
4474
4475
4476
4477
4478
4479
4480
4481
4482
4483
4484
4485
4486
4487
4488
4489
4490
4491
4492
4493
4494
4495
4496
4497
4498
4499
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
4505
4506
4507
4508
4509
4510
4511
4512
4513
4514
4515
4516
4517
4518
4519
4520
4521
4522
4523
4524
4525
4526
4527
4528
4529
4530
4531
4532
4533
4534
4535
4536
4537
4538
4539
4540
4541
4542
4543
4544
4545
4546
4547
4548
4549
4550
4551
4552
4553
4554
4555
4556
4557
4558
4559
4560
4561
4562
4563
4564
4565
4566
4567
4568
4569
4570
4571
4572
4573
4574
4575
4576
4577
4578
4579
4580
4581
4582
4583
4584
4585
4586
4587
4588
4589
4590
4591
4592
4593
4594
4595
4596
4597
4598
4599
4600
4601
4602
4603
4604
4605
4606
4607
4608
4609
4610
4611
4612
4613
4614
4615
4616
4617
4618
4619
4620
4621
4622
4623
4624
4625
4626
4627
4628
4629
4630
4631
4632
4633
4634
4635
4636
4637
4638
4639
4640
4641
4642
4643
4644
4645
4646
4647
4648
4649
4650
4651
4652
4653
4654
4655
4656
4657
4658
4659
4660
4661
4662
4663
4664
4665
4666
4667
4668
4669
4670
4671
4672
4673
4674
4675
4676
4677
4678
4679
4680
4681
4682
4683
4684
4685
4686
4687
4688
4689
4690
4691
4692
4693
4694
4695
4696
4697
4698
4699
4700
4701
4702
4703
4704
4705
4706
4707
4708
4709
4710
4711
4712
4713
4714
4715
4716
4717
4718
4719
4720
4721
4722
4723
4724
4725
4726
4727
4728
4729
4730
4731
4732
4733
4734
4735
4736
4737
4738
4739
4740
4741
4742
4743
4744
4745
4746
4747
4748
4749
4750
4751
4752
4753
4754
4755
4756
4757
4758
4759
4760
4761
4762
4763
4764
4765
4766
4767
4768
4769
4770
4771
4772
4773
4774
4775
4776
4777
4778
4779
4780
4781
4782
4783
4784
4785
4786
4787
4788
4789
4790
4791
4792
4793
4794
4795
4796
4797
4798
4799
4800
4801
4802
4803
4804
4805
4806
4807
4808
4809
4810
4811
4812
4813
4814
4815
4816
4817
4818
4819
4820
4821
4822
4823
4824
4825
4826
4827
4828
4829
4830
4831
4832
4833
4834
4835
4836
4837
4838
4839
4840
4841
4842
4843
4844
4845
4846
4847
4848
4849
4850
4851
4852
4853
4854
4855
4856
4857
4858
4859
4860
4861
4862
4863
4864
4865
4866
4867
4868
4869
4870
4871
4872
4873
4874
4875
4876
4877
4878
4879
4880
4881
4882
4883
4884
4885
4886
4887
4888
4889
4890
4891
4892
4893
4894
4895
4896
4897
4898
4899
4900
4901
4902
4903
4904
4905
4906
4907
4908
4909
4910
4911
4912
4913
4914
4915
4916
4917
4918
4919
4920
4921
4922
4923
4924
4925
4926
4927
4928
4929
4930
4931
4932
4933
4934
4935
4936
4937
4938
4939
4940
4941
4942
4943
4944
4945
4946
4947
4948
4949
4950
4951
4952
4953
4954
4955
4956
4957
4958
4959
4960
4961
4962
4963
4964
4965
4966
4967
4968
4969
4970
4971
4972
4973
4974
4975
4976
4977
# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR the authors of Guix (msgids)
# This file is distributed under the same license as the guix manual package.
# Julien Lepiller <fedora-account@lepiller.eu>, 2021.
# Francois Polito <francois@polito.se>, 2021.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: guix manual checkout\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-guix@gnu.org\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-01-25 00:00+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-04-17 23:47+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Julien Lepiller <fedora-account@lepiller.eu>\n"
"Language-Team: French <https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook/fr/>\n"
"Language: fr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n"
"X-Generator: Weblate 4.5.3\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:7
msgid "@documentencoding UTF-8"
msgstr ""
"@documentencoding UTF-8\n"
"@documentlanguage fr\n"
"@frenchspacing on"

#. type: top
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:7 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:35
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:49
#, no-wrap
msgid "GNU Guix Cookbook"
msgstr "Livre de recettes de GNU Guix"

#. type: copying
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:20
msgid "Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Ricardo Wurmus@* Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Efraim Flashner@* Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Pierre Neidhardt@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Oleg Pykhalov@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Matthew Brooks@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Marcin Karpezo@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Brice Waegeneire@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 André Batista@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Christopher Lemmer Webber"
msgstr ""
"Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Ricardo Wurmus@*\n"
"Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Efraim Flashner@*\n"
"Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Pierre Neidhardt@*\n"
"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Oleg Pykhalov@*\n"
"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Matthew Brooks@*\n"
"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Marcin Karpezo@*\n"
"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Brice Waegeneire@*\n"
"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 André Batista@*\n"
"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Christopher Lemmer Webber"

#. type: copying
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:27
msgid "Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''."
msgstr "Vous avez la permission de copier, distribuer ou modifier ce document sous les termes de la Licence GNU Free Documentation, version 1.3 ou toute version ultérieure publiée par la Free Software Foundation ; sans section invariante, texte de couverture et sans texte de quatrième de couverture.  Une copie de la licence est incluse dans la section intitulée « GNU Free Documentation License »."

#. type: dircategory
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "System administration"
msgstr "Administration système"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:32
msgid "Guix cookbook: (guix-cookbook)"
msgstr "Livre de recettes de Guix: (guix-cookbook.fr)"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:32
msgid "Tutorials and examples for GNU Guix."
msgstr "Didacticiels et exemples pour GNU Guix."

#. type: subtitle
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:36
#, no-wrap
msgid "Tutorials and examples for using the GNU Guix Functional Package Manager"
msgstr "Didacticiels et exemples d'utilisation du gestionnaire de paquets GNU Guix"

#. type: author
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:37
#, no-wrap
msgid "The GNU Guix Developers"
msgstr "Les développeurs de GNU Guix"

#. type: node
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:48
#, no-wrap
msgid "Top"
msgstr "Top"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:55
msgid "This document presents tutorials and detailed examples for GNU@tie{}Guix, a functional package management tool written for the GNU system.  Please @pxref{Top,,, guix, GNU Guix reference manual} for details about the system, its API, and related concepts."
msgstr "Ce document propose des didacticiels et des exemples détaillés pour GNU@tie{}Guix, un outil de gestion des paquets fonctionnel écrit pour le système GNU. @pxref{Top,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de Guix} pour plus de détails sur le système, son API et les concepts associés."

#.  You can replace the following paragraph with information on
#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:63
msgid "If you would like to translate this document in your native language, consider joining @uref{https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook, Weblate}."
msgstr "Si vous désirez traduire ce document dans votre langue maternelle, rejoignez @uref{https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook, Weblate}."

#. type: chapter
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:79
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:95 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:96
#, no-wrap
msgid "Scheme tutorials"
msgstr "Didacticiels pour Scheme"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
msgid "Meet your new favorite language!"
msgstr "Découvrez votre nouveau langage préféré !"

#. type: chapter
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:83
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:302 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:303
#, no-wrap
msgid "Packaging"
msgstr "Empaquetage"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
msgid "Packaging tutorials"
msgstr "Didacticiel d'empaquetage"

#. type: chapter
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:87
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1345 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1346
#, no-wrap
msgid "System Configuration"
msgstr "Configuration du système"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
msgid "Customizing the GNU System"
msgstr "Personnalisation du système GNU"

#. type: chapter
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2394
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2395
#, no-wrap
msgid "Advanced package management"
msgstr "Gestion avancée des paquets"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
msgid "Power to the users!"
msgstr "Le pouvoir aux utilisateurs !"

#. type: chapter
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2792
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2793
#, no-wrap
msgid "Environment management"
msgstr "Gestion de l'environnement"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
msgid "Control environment"
msgstr "Environnement de contrôle"

#. type: chapter
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2916
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2917
#, no-wrap
msgid "Acknowledgments"
msgstr "Remerciements"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74
msgid "Thanks!"
msgstr "Merci !"

#. type: appendix
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2941
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2942
#, no-wrap
msgid "GNU Free Documentation License"
msgstr "La licence GNU Free Documentation"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74
msgid "The license of this document."
msgstr "La licence de ce document."

#. type: unnumbered
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2947
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2948
#, no-wrap
msgid "Concept Index"
msgstr "Index des concepts"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74
msgid "Concepts."
msgstr "Les concepts."

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:77
msgid "--- The Detailed Node Listing ---"
msgstr "--- Liste détaillée des nœuds ---"

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:81 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:109
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:110
#, no-wrap
msgid "A Scheme Crash Course"
msgstr "Cours accéléré du language Scheme"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:81
msgid "Learn the basics of Scheme"
msgstr "Apprenez les bases du langage Scheme"

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:85 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:314
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:316 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:317
#, no-wrap
msgid "Packaging Tutorial"
msgstr "Didacticiel d'empaquetage"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:85
msgid "Let's add a package to Guix!"
msgstr "Ajoutons un paquet à Guix !"

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:89 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1366 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1367
#, no-wrap
msgid "Customizing the Kernel"
msgstr "Personnalisation du noyau"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:89
msgid "Creating and using a custom Linux kernel"
msgstr "Créer et utiliser un noyau Linux personnalisé"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:102
msgid "GNU@tie{}Guix is written in the general purpose programming language Scheme, and many of its features can be accessed and manipulated programmatically.  You can use Scheme to generate package definitions, to modify them, to build them, to deploy whole operating systems, etc."
msgstr "GNU@tie{}Guix est écrit dans le langage de programmation Scheme.  Nombre de ses fonctionnalités peuvent être consultées et manipulées par programmation. Vous pouvez utiliser Scheme entre autres pour générer des définitions de paquets, pour les modifier, pour les compiler ou pour déployer des systèmes d'exploitation entiers."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:106
msgid "Knowing the basics of how to program in Scheme will unlock many of the advanced features Guix provides --- and you don't even need to be an experienced programmer to use them!"
msgstr "Connaître les bases de la programmation en Scheme vous permettra d'utiliser de nombreuses fonctionnalités avancées de Guix --- et vous n'avez pas besoin d'être un·e programmeur·euse chevronné·e !"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:108
msgid "Let's get started!"
msgstr "C'est parti !"

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:112
#, no-wrap
msgid "Scheme, crash course"
msgstr "Scheme, cours accéléré"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:118
msgid "Guix uses the Guile implementation of Scheme.  To start playing with the language, install it with @code{guix install guile} and start a @dfn{REPL}---short for @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop, @dfn{read-eval-print loop}}---by running @code{guile} from the command line."
msgstr "Guix utilise l'implémentation Guile du langage Scheme. Pour commencer à jouer avec le langage, installez-le avec @code{guix install guile} et démarrer une @dfn{REPL}, une @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop, @dfn{boucle de lecture, évaluation, affichage}}, en lançant @code{guile} sur la ligne de commande."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:121
msgid "Alternatively you can also run @code{guix environment --ad-hoc guile -- guile} if you'd rather not have Guile installed in your user profile."
msgstr "Vous pouvez également lancer la commande @code{guix environment --ad-hoc guile -- guile} si vous préférez ne pas installer Guile dans votre profil utilisateur."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:127
msgid "In the following examples, lines show what you would type at the REPL; lines starting with ``@result{}'' show evaluation results, while lines starting with ``@print{}'' show things that get printed.  @xref{Using Guile Interactively,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}, for more details on the REPL."
msgstr "Dans les exemples suivants, les lignes montrent ce que vous devez taper sur la REPL ; les lignes commençant par « @result{} » montrent le résultat de l'évaluation, tandis que les lignes commençant par « @print{} » montrent ce qui est affiché. @xref{Using Guile Interactively,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}, pour plus d'information sur la REPL."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:135
msgid "Scheme syntax boils down to a tree of expressions (or @emph{s-expression} in Lisp lingo).  An expression can be a literal such as numbers and strings, or a compound which is a parenthesized list of compounds and literals.  @code{#true} and @code{#false} (abbreviated @code{#t} and @code{#f}) stand for the Booleans ``true'' and ``false'', respectively."
msgstr "La syntaxe de Scheme se résume à un arbre d'expressions (ou une @emph{s-expression} dans le jargon Lisp). Une expression peut être un litéral comme un nombre ou une chaîne de caractères, ou composée d'une liste d'autres éléments composés et litéraux, entourée de parenthèses. @code{#true} et @code{#false} (abrégés @code{#t} et @code{#f}) correspondent aux booléens « vrai » et « faux »."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:137
msgid "Examples of valid expressions:"
msgstr "Voici des exemples d'expressions valides :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:141
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\"Hello World!\"\n"
"@result{} \"Hello World!\"\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"\"Bonjour le monde !\"\n"
"@result{} \"Bonjour le monde !\"\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:144
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"17\n"
"@result{} 17\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"17\n"
"@result{} 17\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:148
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
"@print{} Hello Guix!\n"
"@result{} #<unspecified>\n"
msgstr ""
"(display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
"@print{} Bonjour Guix\n"
"@result{} #<unspecified>\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:155
msgid "This last example is a function call nested in another function call.  When a parenthesized expression is evaluated, the first term is the function and the rest are the arguments passed to the function.  Every function returns the last evaluated expression as its return value."
msgstr "Ce dernier exemple est un appel de fonction imbriqué dans un autre appel de fonction. Lorsqu'une expression parenthésée est évaluée, le premier élément est la fonction et le reste sont les arguments passés à la fonction. Chaque fonction renvoie la dernière expression évaluée."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:158
msgid "Anonymous functions are declared with the @code{lambda} term:"
msgstr "On peut déclarer des fonctions anonymes avec le terme @code{lambda} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:162
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(lambda (x) (* x x))\n"
"@result{} #<procedure 120e348 at <unknown port>:24:0 (x)>\n"
msgstr ""
"(lambda (x) (* x x))\n"
"@result{} #<procedure 120e348 at <unknown port>:24:0 (x)>\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:167
msgid "The above procedure returns the square of its argument.  Since everything is an expression, the @code{lambda} expression returns an anonymous procedure, which can in turn be applied to an argument:"
msgstr "La procédure ci-dessus renvoie le carré de son argument. Comme tout est une expression, l'expression @code{lambda} renvoie une procédure anonyme, qui peut ensuite être appliquée à un argument :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:171
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"((lambda (x) (* x x)) 3)\n"
"@result{} 9\n"
msgstr ""
"((lambda (x) (* x x)) 3)\n"
"@result{} 9\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:175
msgid "Anything can be assigned a global name with @code{define}:"
msgstr "On peut assigner un nom global à tout ce qu'on veut avec @code{define} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:181
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define a 3)\n"
"(define square (lambda (x) (* x x)))\n"
"(square a)\n"
"@result{} 9\n"
msgstr ""
"(define a 3)\n"
"(define square (lambda (x) (* x x)))\n"
"(square a)\n"
"@result{} 9\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:185
msgid "Procedures can be defined more concisely with the following syntax:"
msgstr "On peut définir des procédure de manière plus concise avec la syntaxe suivante :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:188
#, no-wrap
msgid "(define (square x) (* x x))\n"
msgstr "(define (square x) (* x x))\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:192
msgid "A list structure can be created with the @code{list} procedure:"
msgstr "On peut créer une structure de liste avec la procédure @code{list} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:196
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(list 2 a 5 7)\n"
"@result{} (2 3 5 7)\n"
msgstr ""
"(list 2 a 5 7)\n"
"@result{} (2 3 5 7)\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:203
msgid "The @dfn{quote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression: the first term is not called over the other terms (@pxref{Expression Syntax, quote,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}).  Thus it effectively returns a list of terms."
msgstr "La @dfn{quote} (l'apostrophe) désactive l'évaluation d'une expression parenthésée : le premier élément n'est pas appelé avec les autres éléments en argument (@pxref{Expression Syntax, quote,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). Donc, il renvoie une liste de termes."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:207
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"'(display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
"@result{} (display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"'(display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
"@result{} (display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:210
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"'(2 a 5 7)\n"
"@result{} (2 a 5 7)\n"
msgstr ""
"'(2 a 5 7)\n"
"@result{} (2 a 5 7)\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:216
msgid "The @dfn{quasiquote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression until @dfn{unquote} (a comma) re-enables it.  Thus it provides us with fine-grained control over what is evaluated and what is not."
msgstr "La @dfn{quasiquote} (l'apostrophe à l'envers) désactive l'évaluation d'une expression parenthésée jusqu'à ce qu'un @dfn{unquote} (une virgule) la réactive. De cette manière, on garde un contrôle fin sur ce qui est évalué et sur ce qui ne l'est pas."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:220
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"`(2 a 5 7 (2 ,a 5 ,(+ a 4)))\n"
"@result{} (2 a 5 7 (2 3 5 7))\n"
msgstr ""
"`(2 a 5 7 (2 ,a 5 ,(+ a 4)))\n"
"@result{} (2 a 5 7 (2 3 5 7))\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:224
msgid "Note that the above result is a list of mixed elements: numbers, symbols (here @code{a}) and the last element is a list itself."
msgstr "Remarquez que le résultat ci-dessus est une liste d'éléments mixtes : des nombres, des symboles (ici @code{a}) et le dernier élément est aussi une liste."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:228
msgid "Multiple variables can be named locally with @code{let} (@pxref{Local Bindings,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}):"
msgstr "On peut nommer localement plusieurs variables avec @code{let} (@pxref{Local Bindings,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}) :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:235
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define x 10)\n"
"(let ((x 2)\n"
"      (y 3))\n"
"  (list x y))\n"
"@result{} (2 3)\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define x 10)\n"
"(let ((x 2)\n"
"      (y 3))\n"
"  (list x y))\n"
"@result{} (2 3)\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:238
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"x\n"
"@result{} 10\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"x\n"
"@result{} 10\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:241
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"y\n"
"@error{} In procedure module-lookup: Unbound variable: y\n"
msgstr ""
"y\n"
"@error{} In procedure module-lookup: Unbound variable: y\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:245
msgid "Use @code{let*} to allow later variable declarations to refer to earlier definitions."
msgstr "On peut utiliser @code{let*} pour permettre au déclarations de variables ultérieures d'utiliser les définitions précédentes."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:251
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(let* ((x 2)\n"
"       (y (* x 3)))\n"
"  (list x y))\n"
"@result{} (2 6)\n"
msgstr ""
"(let* ((x 2)\n"
"       (y (* x 3)))\n"
"  (list x y))\n"
"@result{} (2 6)\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:258
msgid "@dfn{Keywords} are typically used to identify the named parameters of a procedure.  They are prefixed by @code{#:} (hash, colon) followed by alphanumeric characters: @code{#:like-this}.  @xref{Keywords,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}."
msgstr "On utilise typiquement des @dfn{mot-clés} pour identifier les paramètres nommés d'une procédure. Ils sont précédés de @code{#:} (dièse, deux-points) suivi par des caractères alphanumériques : @code{#:comme-ça}. @xref{Keywords,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:263
msgid "The percentage @code{%} is typically used for read-only global variables in the build stage.  Note that it is merely a convention, like @code{_} in C.  Scheme treats @code{%} exactly the same as any other letter."
msgstr "On utilise souvent le signe pourcent @code{%} pour les variables globales non modifiables à l'étape de construction. Remarquez que ce n'est qu'une convention, comme @code{_} en C. Scheme traite @code{%} de la même manière que les autres lettres."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:267
msgid "Modules are created with @code{define-module} (@pxref{Creating Guile Modules,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}).  For instance"
msgstr "On peut créer des modules avec @code{define-module} (@pxref{Creating Guile Modules,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). Par exemple :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:273
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-module (guix build-system ruby)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix store)\n"
"  #:export (ruby-build\n"
"            ruby-build-system))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-module (guix build-system ruby)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix store)\n"
"  #:export (ruby-build\n"
"            ruby-build-system))\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:279
msgid "defines the module @code{guix build-system ruby} which must be located in @file{guix/build-system/ruby.scm} somewhere in the Guile load path.  It depends on the @code{(guix store)} module and it exports two variables, @code{ruby-build} and @code{ruby-build-system}."
msgstr "défini le module @code{guix build-system ruby} qui doit se situer dans @file{guix/build-system/ruby.scm} quelque part dans le chemin de recherche de Guile. Il dépend du module @code{(guix store)} et exporte deux variables, @code{ruby-build} et @code{ruby-build-system}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:284
msgid "For a more detailed introduction, check out @uref{http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/scheme_guile/hello.htm, Scheme at a Glance}, by Steve Litt."
msgstr "Pour une introduction plus détaillée, consultez @uref{http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/scheme_guile/hello.htm, Scheme at a Glance}, par Steve Litt."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:296
msgid "One of the reference Scheme books is the seminal ``Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs'', by Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman, with Julie Sussman.  You'll find a @uref{https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/sicp/index.html, free copy online}, together with @uref{https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-001-structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs-spring-2005/video-lectures/, videos of the lectures by the authors}.  The book is available in Texinfo format as the @code{sicp} Guix package.  Go ahead, run @code{guix install sicp} and start reading with @code{info sicp} (@pxref{,,, sicp, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs}).  An @uref{https://sarabander.github.io/sicp/, unofficial ebook is also available}."
msgstr "L'un des livres de référence majeurs pour Scheme est « Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs » de Harold Abelson et Gerald Jay Sussman, avec Julie Sussman. Vous trouverez une @uref{https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/sicp/index.html,copie gratuite en ligne}, avec @uref{https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-001-structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs-spring-2005/video-lectures/, les vidéos des cours donnés par les auteurs, en anglais}. Le livre est disponible au format Texinfo dans le paquet Guix @code{sicp}. Allez-y, lancez @code{guix install sicp} et commencez à le lire avec @code{info sicp} (@pxref{,,, sicp, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs}). Un @uref{https://sarabander.github.io/sicp/,livre électronique officieux est aussi disponible}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:299
msgid "You'll find more books, tutorials and other resources at @url{https://schemers.org/}."
msgstr "Vous trouverez plus de livres, de didacticiels et d'autres ressources sur @url{https://schemers.org/}."

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:305
#, no-wrap
msgid "packaging"
msgstr "empaquetage"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:311
msgid "This chapter is dedicated to teaching you how to add packages to the collection of packages that come with GNU Guix.  This involves writing package definitions in Guile Scheme, organizing them in package modules, and building them."
msgstr "Ce chapitre est conçu pour vous enseigner comment ajouter des paquets à la collection de paquets de GNU Guix. Pour cela, vous devrez écrire des définitions de paquets en Guile Scheme, les organiser en modules et les construire."

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:314
msgid "A tutorial on how to add packages to Guix."
msgstr "Un didacticiel sur la manière d'ajouter des paquets à Guix."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:325
msgid "GNU Guix stands out as the @emph{hackable} package manager, mostly because it uses @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/, GNU Guile}, a powerful high-level programming language, one of the @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_%28programming_language%29, Scheme} dialects from the @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_%28programming_language%29, Lisp family}."
msgstr "GNU Guix se démarque des autres gestionnaire de paquets en étant @emph{bidouillable}, surtout parce qu'il utilise @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/,GNU Guile}, un langage de programmation de haut-niveau puissant, l'un des dialectes @uref{https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme, Scheme} de @uref{https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp, la famille Lisp}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:329
msgid "Package definitions are also written in Scheme, which empowers Guix in some very unique ways, unlike most other package managers that use shell scripts or simple languages."
msgstr "Les définitions de paquets sont aussi écrites en Scheme, ce qui le rend plus puissant de manière assez unique par rapport aux autres gestionnaires de paquets qui utilisent des scripts shell ou des langages simples."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:334
msgid "Use functions, structures, macros and all of Scheme expressiveness for your package definitions."
msgstr "Vous pouvez utiliser des fonctions, des structures, des macros et toute l'expressivité de Scheme dans vos définitions de paquets."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:338
msgid "Inheritance makes it easy to customize a package by inheriting from it and modifying only what is needed."
msgstr "L'héritage facilite la personnalisation d'un paquet en héritant d'un autre et en modifiant uniquement les points nécessaires."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:348
msgid "Batch processing: the whole package collection can be parsed, filtered and processed.  Building a headless server with all graphical interfaces stripped out? It's possible.  Want to rebuild everything from source using specific compiler optimization flags? Pass the @code{#:make-flags \"...\"} argument to the list of packages.  It wouldn't be a stretch to think @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/USE_flag, Gentoo USE flags} here, but this goes even further: the changes don't have to be thought out beforehand by the packager, they can be @emph{programmed} by the user!"
msgstr "Traitement par lot : la collection des paquets entière peut être analysée, filtrée et traitée. Vous voulez construire un serveur sans interface graphique ? C'est possible. Vous voulez tout reconstruire à partir des sources avec des drapeaux d'optimisation spécifiques ? Passez l'argument @code{#:make-flags \"…\"} à la liste des paquets. Ce ne serait pas aberrant de penser @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/USE_flag, au drapeau USE de Gentoo}, mais cela va plus loin : la personne qui crée les paquets n'a pas besoin de penser à l'avance à ces changements, ils peuvent être @emph{programmés} par l'utilisateur ou l'utilisatrice !"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:354
msgid "The following tutorial covers all the basics around package creation with Guix.  It does not assume much knowledge of the Guix system nor of the Lisp language.  The reader is only expected to be familiar with the command line and to have some basic programming knowledge."
msgstr "Le didacticiel suivant traite des bases de la création de paquets avec Guix. Il ne présuppose aucune connaissance du système Guix ni du langage Lisp. On ne s'attend qu'à ce que vous aillez une certaine familiarité avec la ligne de commande et des connaissances de base en programmation."

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:355 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:356
#, no-wrap
msgid "A ``Hello World'' package"
msgstr "Un paquet « hello world »"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:361
msgid "The ``Defining Packages'' section of the manual introduces the basics of Guix packaging (@pxref{Defining Packages,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}).  In the following section, we will partly go over those basics again."
msgstr "La section « Définir des paquets » du manuel explique les bases de l'empaquetage avec Guix (@pxref{Définir des paquets,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}). Dans la section suivante, nous reparlerons en partie de ces bases."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:367
msgid "GNU@tie{}Hello is a dummy project that serves as an idiomatic example for packaging.  It uses the GNU build system (@code{./configure && make && make install}).  Guix already provides a package definition which is a perfect example to start with.  You can look up its declaration with @code{guix edit hello} from the command line.  Let's see how it looks:"
msgstr "GNU@tie{}Hello est un exemple de projet qui sert d'exemple idiomatique pour l'empaquetage. Il utilise le système de construction de GNU (@code{./configure && make && make install}). Guix fournit déjà une définition de paquet qui est un parfait exemple pour commencer. Vous pouvez voir sa déclaration avec @code{guix edit hello} depuis la ligne de commande. Voyons à quoi elle ressemble :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:388
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public hello\n"
"  (package\n"
"    (name \"hello\")\n"
"    (version \"2.10\")\n"
"    (source (origin\n"
"              (method url-fetch)\n"
"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
"                                  \".tar.gz\"))\n"
"              (sha256\n"
"               (base32\n"
"                \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
"    (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
"    (synopsis \"Hello, GNU world: An example GNU package\")\n"
"    (description\n"
"     \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
"    (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
"    (license gpl3+)))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public hello\n"
"  (package\n"
"    (name \"hello\")\n"
"    (version \"2.10\")\n"
"    (source (origin\n"
"              (method url-fetch)\n"
"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
"                                  \".tar.gz\"))\n"
"              (sha256\n"
"               (base32\n"
"                \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
"    (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
"    (synopsis \"Hello, GNU world: An example GNU package\")\n"
"    (description\n"
"     \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
"    (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
"    (license gpl3+)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:392
msgid "As you can see, most of it is rather straightforward.  But let's review the fields together:"
msgstr "Comme vous pouvez le voir, la plus grosse partie est assez simple. Mais examinons les champs ensemble :"

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:394
#, no-wrap
msgid "name"
msgstr "name"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:397
msgid "The project name.  Using Scheme conventions, we prefer to keep it lower case, without underscore and using dash-separated words."
msgstr "Le nom du projet. Avec les conventions de Scheme, on préfère le laisser en minuscule, sans tiret du bas, en séparant les mots par des tirets."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:398
#, no-wrap
msgid "source"
msgstr "source"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:401
msgid "This field contains a description of the source code origin.  The @code{origin} record contains these fields:"
msgstr "Ce champ contient une description de l'origine du code source. L'enregistrement @code{origin} contient ces champs :"

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:403
#, no-wrap
msgid "The method, here @code{url-fetch} to download via HTTP/FTP, but other methods"
msgstr "La méthode, ici @code{url-fetch} pour télécharger via HTTP/FTP, mais d'autres méthodes"

#. type: enumerate
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:405
msgid "exist, such as @code{git-fetch} for Git repositories."
msgstr "existent, comme @code{git-fetch} pour les dépôts Git."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:405
#, no-wrap
msgid "The URI, which is typically some @code{https://} location for @code{url-fetch}.  Here"
msgstr "L'URI, qui est typiquement un emplacement @code{https://} pour @code{url-fetch}. Ici"

#. type: enumerate
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:408
msgid "the special `mirror://gnu` refers to a set of well known locations, all of which can be used by Guix to fetch the source, should some of them fail."
msgstr "le code spécial « mirror://gnu » fait référence à une ensemble d'emplacements bien connus, qui peuvent tous être utilisés par Guix pour récupérer la source, si l'un d'entre eux échoue."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:408
#, no-wrap
msgid "The @code{sha256} checksum of the requested file.  This is essential to ensure"
msgstr "La somme de contrôle @code{sha256} du fichier demandé. C'est essentiel pour s'assurer"

#. type: enumerate
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:411
msgid "the source is not corrupted.  Note that Guix works with base32 strings, hence the call to the @code{base32} function."
msgstr "que la source n'est pas corrompue. Remarquez que Guix fonctionne avec des chaînes en base32, d'où l'appel à la fonction @code{base32}."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:413
#, no-wrap
msgid "build-system"
msgstr "build-system"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:422
msgid "This is where the power of abstraction provided by the Scheme language really shines: in this case, the @code{gnu-build-system} abstracts away the famous @code{./configure && make && make install} shell invocations.  Other build systems include the @code{trivial-build-system} which does not do anything and requires from the packager to program all the build steps, the @code{python-build-system}, the @code{emacs-build-system}, and many more (@pxref{Build Systems,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
msgstr "C'est ici que la puissance d'abstraction du langage Scheme brille de toute sa splendeur : dans ce cas, le @code{gnu-build-system} permet d'abstraire les fameuses invocations shell @code{./configure && make && make install}. Parmi les autres systèmes de construction on trouve le @code{trivial-build-system} qui ne fait rien et demande de programmer toutes les étapes de construction, le @code{python-build-system}, @code{emacs-build-system} et bien d'autres (@pxref{Systèmes de construction,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:423
#, no-wrap
msgid "synopsis"
msgstr "synopsis"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:426
msgid "It should be a concise summary of what the package does.  For many packages a tagline from the project's home page can be used as the synopsis."
msgstr "Le synopsis devrait être un résumé court de ce que fait le paquet. Pour beaucoup de paquets, le slogan de la page d'accueil du projet est approprié pour le synopsis."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:427
#, no-wrap
msgid "description"
msgstr "description"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:430
msgid "Same as for the synopsis, it's fine to re-use the project description from the homepage.  Note that Guix uses Texinfo syntax."
msgstr "Comme le synopsis, vous pouvez réutiliser la description de la page d'accueil du projet. Remarquez que Guix utilise la syntaxe Texinfo."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:431
#, no-wrap
msgid "home-page"
msgstr "home-page"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:433
msgid "Use HTTPS if available."
msgstr "Utilisez l'adresse en HTTPS si elle est disponible."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:434
#, no-wrap
msgid "license"
msgstr "license"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:437
msgid "See @code{guix/licenses.scm} in the project source for a full list of available licenses."
msgstr "Voir @code{guix/licenses.scm} dans les sources du projet pour une liste complète des licences disponibles."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:441
msgid "Time to build our first package! Nothing fancy here for now: we will stick to a dummy @code{my-hello}, a copy of the above declaration."
msgstr "Il est temps de construire notre premier paquet ! Rien de bien compliqué pour l'instant : nous allons garder notre exemple avec @code{my-hello}, une copie de la déclaration montrée plus haut."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:445
msgid "As with the ritualistic ``Hello World'' taught with most programming languages, this will possibly be the most ``manual'' approach.  We will work out an ideal setup later; for now we will go the simplest route."
msgstr "Comme avec le rituel « Hello World » enseigné avec la plupart des langages de programmation, ce sera sans doute l'approche la plus « manuelle » d'empaquetage que vous utiliserez. Nous vous montrerons une configuration idéale plus tard, pour l'instant nous allons suivre la voie la plus simple."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:447
msgid "Save the following to a file @file{my-hello.scm}."
msgstr "Enregistrez ce qui suit dans un fichier nommé @file{my-hello.scm}."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:453
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(use-modules (guix packages)\n"
"             (guix download)\n"
"             (guix build-system gnu)\n"
"             (guix licenses))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(use-modules (guix packages)\n"
"             (guix download)\n"
"             (guix build-system gnu)\n"
"             (guix licenses))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:472
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(package\n"
"  (name \"my-hello\")\n"
"  (version \"2.10\")\n"
"  (source (origin\n"
"            (method url-fetch)\n"
"            (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
"                                \".tar.gz\"))\n"
"            (sha256\n"
"             (base32\n"
"              \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
"  (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
"  (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
"  (description\n"
"   \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
"  (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
"  (license gpl3+))\n"
msgstr ""
"(package\n"
"  (name \"my-hello\")\n"
"  (version \"2.10\")\n"
"  (source (origin\n"
"            (method url-fetch)\n"
"            (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
"                                \".tar.gz\"))\n"
"            (sha256\n"
"             (base32\n"
"              \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
"  (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
"  (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
"  (description\n"
"   \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
"  (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
"  (license gpl3+))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:475
msgid "We will explain the extra code in a moment."
msgstr "Nous allons expliquer le code supplémentaire dans un moment."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:482
msgid "Feel free to play with the different values of the various fields.  If you change the source, you'll need to update the checksum.  Indeed, Guix refuses to build anything if the given checksum does not match the computed checksum of the source code.  To obtain the correct checksum of the package declaration, we need to download the source, compute the sha256 checksum and convert it to base32."
msgstr "Essayez de jouer avec les différentes valeurs des différents champs. Si vous changez la source, vous devrez mettre à jour la somme de contrôle. En fait, Guix refusera de construire quoi que ce soit si la somme de contrôle donnée ne correspond pas à la somme de contrôle calculée de la source téléchargée. Pour obtenir la bonne somme de contrôle pour une déclaration de paquet, vous devrez télécharger la source, calculer la somme de contrôle sha256 et la convertir en base32."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:485
msgid "Thankfully, Guix can automate this task for us; all we need is to provide the URI:"
msgstr "Heureusement, Guix peut automatiser cette tache pour nous ; tout ce qu'on doit faire est de lui fournir l'URI :"

#.  This is example shell output.
#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:489
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:496
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.JLYgL7\n"
"From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz...\n"
"following redirection to `https://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz'...\n"
" …10.tar.gz  709KiB                                 2.5MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
"/gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\n"
msgstr ""
"Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.JLYgL7\n"
"From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz...\n"
"following redirection to `https://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz'...\n"
" …10.tar.gz  709KiB                                 2.5MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
"/gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:501
msgid "In this specific case the output tells us which mirror was chosen.  If the result of the above command is not the same as in the above snippet, update your @code{my-hello} declaration accordingly."
msgstr "Dans ce cas particulier, la sortie nous dit quel miroir a été choisi. Si le résultat de la commande au-dessus n'est pas le même que ce qui est montré, mettez à jour votre déclaration @code{my-hello} en fonction."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:505
msgid "Note that GNU package tarballs come with an OpenPGP signature, so you should definitely check the signature of this tarball with `gpg` to authenticate it before going further:"
msgstr "Remarquez que les archives des paquets GNU sont accompagnées de leur signature OpenPGP, donc vous devriez vérifier la signature de cette archive avec « gpg » pour l'authentifier avant d'aller plus loin :"

#.  This is example shell output.
#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:509
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:524
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.03tFfb\n"
"From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig...\n"
"following redirection to `https://ftp.igh.cnrs.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig'...\n"
" ….tar.gz.sig  819B                                                                                                                       1.2MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
"/gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
"0q0v86n3y38z17rl146gdakw9xc4mcscpk8dscs412j22glrv9jf\n"
"$ gpg --verify /gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig /gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
"gpg: Signature made Sun 16 Nov 2014 01:08:37 PM CET\n"
"gpg:                using RSA key A9553245FDE9B739\n"
"gpg: Good signature from \"Sami Kerola <kerolasa@@iki.fi>\" [unknown]\n"
"gpg:                 aka \"Sami Kerola (http://www.iki.fi/kerolasa/) <kerolasa@@iki.fi>\" [unknown]\n"
"gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!\n"
"gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.\n"
"Primary key fingerprint: 8ED3 96E3 7E38 D471 A005  30D3 A955 3245 FDE9 B739\n"
msgstr ""
"Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.03tFfb\n"
"From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig...\n"
"following redirection to `https://ftp.igh.cnrs.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig'...\n"
" ….tar.gz.sig  819B                                                                                                                       1.2MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
"/gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
"0q0v86n3y38z17rl146gdakw9xc4mcscpk8dscs412j22glrv9jf\n"
"$ gpg --verify /gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig /gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
"gpg: Signature faite le dim. 16 nov. 2014 13:08:37 CET\n"
"gpg:                avec la clef RSA A9553245FDE9B739\n"
"gpg: Bonne signature de « Sami Kerola (https://www.iki.fi/kerolasa/) <kerolasa@@iki.fi> » [inconnu]\n"
"gpg: Attention : cette clef n'est pas certifiée avec une signature de confiance.\n"
"gpg:             Rien n'indique que la signature appartient à son propriétaire.\n"
"Empreinte de clef principale : 8ED3 96E3 7E38 D471 A005  30D3 A955 3245 FDE9 B739\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:527
msgid "You can then happily run"
msgstr "Vous pouvez ensuite lancer"

#.  Do not translate this command
#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:531
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm\n"
msgstr "$ guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:534
msgid "You should now have @code{my-hello} in your profile!"
msgstr "Vous devriez maintenant avoir @code{my-hello} dans votre profil !"

#.  Do not translate this command
#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:540
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ guix package --list-installed=my-hello\n"
"my-hello\t2.10\tout\n"
"/gnu/store/f1db2mfm8syb8qvc357c53slbvf1g9m9-my-hello-2.10\n"
msgstr ""
"$ guix package --list-installed=my-hello\n"
"my-hello\t2.10\tout\n"
"/gnu/store/f1db2mfm8syb8qvc357c53slbvf1g9m9-my-hello-2.10\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:545
msgid "We've gone as far as we could without any knowledge of Scheme.  Before moving on to more complex packages, now is the right time to brush up on your Scheme knowledge.  @pxref{A Scheme Crash Course} to get up to speed."
msgstr "Nous sommes allés aussi loin que possible sans aucune connaissance de Scheme. Avant de continuer sur des paquets plus complexes, il est maintenant temps de vous renforcer sur votre connaissance du langage Scheme. @pxref{A Scheme Crash Course} pour démarrer."

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:546 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:547
#, no-wrap
msgid "Setup"
msgstr "Configuration"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:552
msgid "In the rest of this chapter we will rely on some basic Scheme programming knowledge.  Now let's detail the different possible setups for working on Guix packages."
msgstr "Dans le reste de ce chapitre, nous nous appuierons sur vos connaissances de base du langage Scheme. Maintenant voyons les différentes configurations possibles pour travailler sur des paquets Guix."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:554
msgid "There are several ways to set up a Guix packaging environment."
msgstr "Il y a plusieurs moyens de mettre en place un environnement d'empaquetage pour Guix."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:557
msgid "We recommend you work directly on the Guix source checkout since it makes it easier for everyone to contribute to the project."
msgstr "Nous vous recommandons de travailler directement dans le dépôt des sources de Guix car ça facilitera la contribution au projet."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:559
msgid "But first, let's look at other possibilities."
msgstr "Mais d'bord, voyons les autres possibilités."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:560 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:561
#, no-wrap
msgid "Local file"
msgstr "Fichier local"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:566
msgid "This is what we previously did with @samp{my-hello}.  With the Scheme basics we've covered, we are now able to explain the leading chunks.  As stated in @code{guix package --help}:"
msgstr "C'est ce que nous venons de faire avec @samp{my-hello}. Avec les bases de Scheme que nous vous avons présentées, nous pouvons maintenant éclairer le sens du début du fichier. Comme le dit @code{guix package --help} :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:571
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  -f, --install-from-file=FILE\n"
"                         install the package that the code within FILE\n"
"                         evaluates to\n"
msgstr ""
"  -f, --install-from-file=FICHIER\n"
"                         installer le paquet évalué par le code dans\n"
"                         FICHIER\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:575
msgid "Thus the last expression @emph{must} return a package, which is the case in our earlier example."
msgstr "Ainsi, la dernière expression @emph{doit} renvoyer un paquet, ce qui est le cas dans notre exemple précédent."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:579
msgid "The @code{use-modules} expression tells which of the modules we need in the file.  Modules are a collection of values and procedures.  They are commonly called ``libraries'' or ``packages'' in other programming languages."
msgstr "L'expression @code{use-modules} indique quels modules sont nécessaires dans le fichier. Les modules sont des collections de valeurs et de procédures. Ils sont souvent appelés « bibliothèques » ou « paquets » dans d'autres langages de programmation."

#. type: node
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:580
#, no-wrap
msgid "@samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}"
msgstr "@samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}"

#. type: samp{#1}
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:581
#, no-wrap
msgid "GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH"
msgstr "GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH"

#. type: emph{#1}
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:585
msgid "Note: Starting from Guix 0.16, the more flexible Guix @dfn{channels} are the preferred way and supersede @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}.  See next section."
msgstr "Remarque : à partir de Guix 0.16, les @dfn{canaux} plus flexibles sont préférables et remplacent @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}. Voir la section suivante."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:589
msgid "It can be tedious to specify the file from the command line instead of simply calling @code{guix package --install my-hello} as you would do with the official packages."
msgstr "Il peut être fastidieux de spécifier le fichier depuis la ligne de commande par rapport à un appel à @code{guix package --install my-hello} comme on le ferait pour les paquets officiels."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:592
msgid "Guix makes it possible to streamline the process by adding as many ``package declaration directories'' as you want."
msgstr "Guix permet d'uniformiser le processus en ajoutant autant de « répertoires de déclaration de paquets » que vous le souhaitez."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:595
msgid "Create a directory, say @file{~./guix-packages} and add it to the @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} environment variable:"
msgstr "Créez un répertoire, disons @file{~/guix-packages} et ajoutez-le à la variable d'environnement @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:599
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ mkdir ~/guix-packages\n"
"$ export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=~/guix-packages\n"
msgstr ""
"$ mkdir ~/guix-packages\n"
"$ export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=~/guix-packages\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:602
msgid "To add several directories, separate them with a colon (@code{:})."
msgstr "Pour ajouter plusieurs répertoires, séparez-les avec un deux-points (@code{:})."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:604
msgid "Our previous @samp{my-hello} needs some adjustments though:"
msgstr "Notre @samp{my-hello} précédent doit être légèrement ajusté :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:611
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-module (my-hello)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix licenses)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix build-system gnu)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix download))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-module (my-hello)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix licenses)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix build-system gnu)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix download))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:631
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public my-hello\n"
"  (package\n"
"    (name \"my-hello\")\n"
"    (version \"2.10\")\n"
"    (source (origin\n"
"              (method url-fetch)\n"
"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
"                                  \".tar.gz\"))\n"
"              (sha256\n"
"               (base32\n"
"                \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
"    (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
"    (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
"    (description\n"
"     \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
"    (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
"    (license gpl3+)))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public my-hello\n"
"  (package\n"
"    (name \"my-hello\")\n"
"    (version \"2.10\")\n"
"    (source (origin\n"
"              (method url-fetch)\n"
"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
"                                  \".tar.gz\"))\n"
"              (sha256\n"
"               (base32\n"
"                \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
"    (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
"    (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
"    (description\n"
"     \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
"    (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
"    (license gpl3+)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:637
msgid "Note that we have assigned the package value to an exported variable name with @code{define-public}.  This is effectively assigning the package to the @code{my-hello} variable so that it can be referenced, among other as dependency of other packages."
msgstr "Remarquez que nous avons assigné la valeur du paquet à un nom de variable exportée avec @code{define-public}. Cela assigne en fait le paquet à la variable @code{my-hello} pour qu'elle puisse être utilisée, par exemple en dépendance d'un autre paquet."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:642
msgid "If you use @code{guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm} on the above file, it will fail because the last expression, @code{define-public}, does not return a package.  If you want to use @code{define-public} in this use-case nonetheless, make sure the file ends with an evaluation of @code{my-hello}:"
msgstr "Si vous utilisez @code{guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm} avec le fichier précédent, la commande échouera car la dernière expression, @code{define-public}, ne renvoie pas un paquet. Si vous voulez utiliser @code{define-public} dans ce cas tout de même, assurez-vous que le fichier termine par une évaluation de @code{my-hello} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:648
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"; ...\n"
"(define-public my-hello\n"
"  ; ...\n"
"  )\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"; ...\n"
"(define-public my-hello\n"
"  ; ...\n"
"  )\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:650
#, no-wrap
msgid "my-hello\n"
msgstr "my-hello\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:653
msgid "This last example is not very typical."
msgstr "Ce dernier exemple n'est pas très typique."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:656
msgid "Now @samp{my-hello} should be part of the package collection like all other official packages.  You can verify this with:"
msgstr "Maintenant @samp{my-hello} devrait faire partie de la collection de paquets comme tous les paquets officiels. Vous pouvez le vérifier avec :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:659
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ guix package --show=my-hello\n"
msgstr "$ guix package --show=my-hello\n"

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:661 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:662
#, no-wrap
msgid "Guix channels"
msgstr "Canaux Guix"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:668
msgid "Guix 0.16 features channels, which is very similar to @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} but provides better integration and provenance tracking.  Channels are not necessarily local, they can be maintained as a public Git repository for instance.  Of course, several channels can be used at the same time."
msgstr "Guix 0.16 a introduit la notion de canaux, qui sont similaires à @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} mais fournit une meilleure intégration et un meilleur suivi de la provenance. Les canaux ne sont pas nécessairement locaux et ils peuvent être maintenus dans un dépôt Git public par exemple. Bien sûr, vous pouvez utiliser plusieurs canaux en même temps."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:670
msgid "@xref{Channels,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for setup details."
msgstr "@xref{Canaux,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour des détails sur la mise en place des canaux."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:671 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:672
#, no-wrap
msgid "Direct checkout hacking"
msgstr "Bidouillage direct dans le dépôt git"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:677
msgid "Working directly on the Guix project is recommended: it reduces the friction when the time comes to submit your changes upstream to let the community benefit from your hard work!"
msgstr "Nous vous recommandons de travailler directement sur le projet Guix : cela réduit le travail nécessaire quand vous voudrez soumettre vos changements en amont pour que la communauté puisse bénéficier de votre dur labeur !"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:683
msgid "Unlike most software distributions, the Guix repository holds in one place both the tooling (including the package manager) and the package definitions.  This choice was made so that it would give developers the flexibility to modify the API without breakage by updating all packages at the same time.  This reduces development inertia."
msgstr "Contrairement à la plupart des distributions logiciels, le dépôt Guix contient à la fois les outils (dont le gestionnaire de paquets) et les définitions des paquets. Nous avons fait ce choix pour permettre aux développeurs et développeuses de profiter de plus de flexibilité pour changer l'API sans rien casser, en mettant à jour tous les paquets en même temps. Cela réduit l'inertie dans le développement."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:685
msgid "Check out the official @uref{https://git-scm.com/, Git} repository:"
msgstr "Clonez le dépôt @uref{https://git-scm.com/, Git} officiel :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:688
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/guix.git\n"
msgstr "$ git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/guix.git\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:692
msgid "In the rest of this article, we use @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT} to refer to the location of the checkout."
msgstr "Dans le reste de cet article, nous utiliserons @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT} pour faire référence à l'emplacement de ce clone."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:696
msgid "Follow the instructions in the manual (@pxref{Contributing,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) to set up the repository environment."
msgstr "Suivez les instructions du manuel (@pxref{Contribuer,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}) pour mettre en place l'environnement du dépôt."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:699
msgid "Once ready, you should be able to use the package definitions from the repository environment."
msgstr "Une fois prêts, vous devriez pouvoir utiliser les définitions des paquets de l'environnement du dépôt."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:701
msgid "Feel free to edit package definitions found in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/gnu/packages}."
msgstr "N'ayez pas peur de modifier les définitions des paquets que vous trouverez dans @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/gnu/packages}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:705
msgid "The @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/pre-inst-env} script lets you use @samp{guix} over the package collection of the repository (@pxref{Running Guix Before It Is Installed,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
msgstr "Le script @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/pre-inst-env} vous permet d'utiliser @samp{guix} sur la collection de paquets du dépôt (@pxref{Lancer Guix avant qu’il ne soit installé,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:709
msgid "Search packages, such as Ruby:"
msgstr "Recherchez des paquets, comme Ruby :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:716
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  $ cd $GUIX_CHECKOUT\n"
"  $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --list-available=ruby\n"
"      ruby    1.8.7-p374      out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:119:2\n"
"      ruby    2.1.6   out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:91:2\n"
"      ruby    2.2.2   out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:39:2\n"
msgstr ""
"  $ cd $GUIX_CHECKOUT\n"
"  $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --list-available=ruby\n"
"      ruby    1.8.7-p374      out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:119:2\n"
"      ruby    2.1.6   out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:91:2\n"
"      ruby    2.2.2   out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:39:2\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:720
msgid "Build a package, here Ruby version 2.1:"
msgstr "Construisez un paquet, ici Ruby version 2.1 :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:724
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  $ ./pre-inst-env guix build --keep-failed ruby@@2.1\n"
"  /gnu/store/c13v73jxmj2nir2xjqaz5259zywsa9zi-ruby-2.1.6\n"
msgstr ""
"  $ ./pre-inst-env guix build --keep-failed ruby@@2.1\n"
"  /gnu/store/c13v73jxmj2nir2xjqaz5259zywsa9zi-ruby-2.1.6\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:728
msgid "Install it to your user profile:"
msgstr "Installez-le dans votre profil utilisateur :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:731
#, no-wrap
msgid "  $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --install ruby@@2.1\n"
msgstr "  $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --install ruby@@2.1\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:735
msgid "Check for common mistakes:"
msgstr "Vérifiez que vous n'avez pas fait l'une des erreurs courantes :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:738
#, no-wrap
msgid "  $ ./pre-inst-env guix lint ruby@@2.1\n"
msgstr "  $ ./pre-inst-env guix lint ruby@@2.1\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:743
msgid "Guix strives at maintaining a high packaging standard; when contributing to the Guix project, remember to"
msgstr "Guix essaye de maintenir un bon standard d'empaquetage ; quand vous contribuez au projet Guix, rappelez-vous de"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:747
msgid "follow the coding style (@pxref{Coding Style,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}),"
msgstr "suivre le style de code (@pxref{Style de code,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}),"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:749
msgid "and review the check list from the manual (@pxref{Submitting Patches,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
msgstr "et de vérifier la check-list du manuel (@pxref{Envoyer des correctifs,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:753
msgid "Once you are happy with the result, you are welcome to send your contribution to make it part of Guix.  This process is also detailed in the manual.  (@pxref{Contributing,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})"
msgstr "Une fois que vous êtes satisfait du résultat, vous pouvez envoyer votre contribution pour qu'elle rentre dans Guix. Ce processus est aussi détaillé dans le manuel (@pxref{Contribuer,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:756
msgid "It's a community effort so the more join in, the better Guix becomes!"
msgstr "Guix est un projet communautaire, donc plus on est de fous, plus on rit !"

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:757 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:758
#, no-wrap
msgid "Extended example"
msgstr "Exemple avancé"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:763
msgid "The above ``Hello World'' example is as simple as it goes.  Packages can be more complex than that and Guix can handle more advanced scenarios.  Let's look at another, more sophisticated package (slightly modified from the source):"
msgstr "L'exemple « Hello World » précédent est le plus simple possible. Les paquets peuvent devenir plus complexes que cela et Guix peut gérer des scénarios plus avancés. Voyons un autre paquet plus sophistiqué (légèrement modifié à partir des sources) :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:777
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-module (gnu packages version-control)\n"
"  #:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix utils)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix git-download)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix build-system cmake)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages ssh)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages web)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages pkg-config)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages python)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages compression)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages tls))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-module (gnu packages version-control)\n"
"  #:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix utils)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix git-download)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix build-system cmake)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages ssh)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages web)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages pkg-config)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages python)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages compression)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages tls))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:837
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public my-libgit2\n"
"  (let ((commit \"e98d0a37c93574d2c6107bf7f31140b548c6a7bf\")\n"
"        (revision \"1\"))\n"
"    (package\n"
"      (name \"my-libgit2\")\n"
"      (version (git-version \"0.26.6\" revision commit))\n"
"      (source (origin\n"
"                (method git-fetch)\n"
"                (uri (git-reference\n"
"                      (url \"https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\")\n"
"                      (commit commit)))\n"
"                (file-name (git-file-name name version))\n"
"                (sha256\n"
"                 (base32\n"
"                  \"17pjvprmdrx4h6bb1hhc98w9qi6ki7yl57f090n9kbhswxqfs7s3\"))\n"
"                (patches (search-patches \"libgit2-mtime-0.patch\"))\n"
"                (modules '((guix build utils)))\n"
"                (snippet '(begin\n"
"                            ;; Remove bundled software.\n"
"                            (delete-file-recursively \"deps\")\n"
"                            #true))))\n"
"      (build-system cmake-build-system)\n"
"      (outputs '(\"out\" \"debug\"))\n"
"      (arguments\n"
"       `(#:tests? #true                         ; Run the test suite (this is the default)\n"
"         #:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\") ; SHA-1 collision detection\n"
"         #:phases\n"
"         (modify-phases %standard-phases\n"
"           (add-after 'unpack 'fix-hardcoded-paths\n"
"             (lambda _\n"
"               (substitute* \"tests/repo/init.c\"\n"
"                 ((\"#!/bin/sh\") (string-append \"#!\" (which \"sh\"))))\n"
"               (substitute* \"tests/clar/fs.h\"\n"
"                 ((\"/bin/cp\") (which \"cp\"))\n"
"                 ((\"/bin/rm\") (which \"rm\")))\n"
"               #true))\n"
"           ;; Run checks more verbosely.\n"
"           (replace 'check\n"
"             (lambda _ (invoke \"./libgit2_clar\" \"-v\" \"-Q\")))\n"
"           (add-after 'unpack 'make-files-writable-for-tests\n"
"             (lambda _ (for-each make-file-writable (find-files \".\" \".*\")))))))\n"
"      (inputs\n"
"       `((\"libssh2\" ,libssh2)\n"
"         (\"http-parser\" ,http-parser)\n"
"         (\"python\" ,python-wrapper)))\n"
"      (native-inputs\n"
"       `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
"      (propagated-inputs\n"
"       ;; These two libraries are in 'Requires.private' in libgit2.pc.\n"
"       `((\"openssl\" ,openssl)\n"
"         (\"zlib\" ,zlib)))\n"
"      (home-page \"https://libgit2.github.com/\")\n"
"      (synopsis \"Library providing Git core methods\")\n"
"      (description\n"
"       \"Libgit2 is a portable, pure C implementation of the Git core methods\n"
"provided as a re-entrant linkable library with a solid API, allowing you to\n"
"write native speed custom Git applications in any language with bindings.\")\n"
"      ;; GPLv2 with linking exception\n"
"      (license license:gpl2))))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public my-libgit2\n"
"  (let ((commit \"e98d0a37c93574d2c6107bf7f31140b548c6a7bf\")\n"
"        (revision \"1\"))\n"
"    (package\n"
"      (name \"my-libgit2\")\n"
"      (version (git-version \"0.26.6\" revision commit))\n"
"      (source (origin\n"
"                (method git-fetch)\n"
"                (uri (git-reference\n"
"                      (url \"https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\")\n"
"                      (commit commit)))\n"
"                (file-name (git-file-name name version))\n"
"                (sha256\n"
"                 (base32\n"
"                  \"17pjvprmdrx4h6bb1hhc98w9qi6ki7yl57f090n9kbhswxqfs7s3\"))\n"
"                (patches (search-patches \"libgit2-mtime-0.patch\"))\n"
"                (modules '((guix build utils)))\n"
"                (snippet '(begin\n"
"                            ;; Remove bundled software.\n"
"                            (delete-file-recursively \"deps\")\n"
"                            #true))))\n"
"      (build-system cmake-build-system)\n"
"      (outputs '(\"out\" \"debug\"))\n"
"      (arguments\n"
"       `(#:tests? #true                         ; Run the test suite (this is the default)\n"
"         #:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\") ; SHA-1 collision detection\n"
"         #:phases\n"
"         (modify-phases %standard-phases\n"
"           (add-after 'unpack 'fix-hardcoded-paths\n"
"             (lambda _\n"
"               (substitute* \"tests/repo/init.c\"\n"
"                 ((\"#!/bin/sh\") (string-append \"#!\" (which \"sh\"))))\n"
"               (substitute* \"tests/clar/fs.h\"\n"
"                 ((\"/bin/cp\") (which \"cp\"))\n"
"                 ((\"/bin/rm\") (which \"rm\")))\n"
"               #true))\n"
"           ;; Run checks more verbosely.\n"
"           (replace 'check\n"
"             (lambda _ (invoke \"./libgit2_clar\" \"-v\" \"-Q\")))\n"
"           (add-after 'unpack 'make-files-writable-for-tests\n"
"             (lambda _ (for-each make-file-writable (find-files \".\" \".*\")))))))\n"
"      (inputs\n"
"       `((\"libssh2\" ,libssh2)\n"
"         (\"http-parser\" ,http-parser)\n"
"         (\"python\" ,python-wrapper)))\n"
"      (native-inputs\n"
"       `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
"      (propagated-inputs\n"
"       ;; These two libraries are in 'Requires.private' in libgit2.pc.\n"
"       `((\"openssl\" ,openssl)\n"
"         (\"zlib\" ,zlib)))\n"
"      (home-page \"https://libgit2.github.com/\")\n"
"      (synopsis \"Library providing Git core methods\")\n"
"      (description\n"
"       \"Libgit2 is a portable, pure C implementation of the Git core methods\n"
"provided as a re-entrant linkable library with a solid API, allowing you to\n"
"write native speed custom Git applications in any language with bindings.\")\n"
"      ;; GPLv2 with linking exception\n"
"      (license license:gpl2))))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:842
msgid "(In those cases were you only want to tweak a few fields from a package definition, you should rely on inheritance instead of copy-pasting everything.  See below.)"
msgstr "(Dans les cas où vous voulez seulement changer quelques champs d'une définition de paquets, vous devriez utiliser l'héritage au lieu de tout copier-coller. Voir plus bas.)"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:844
msgid "Let's discuss those fields in depth."
msgstr "Parlons maintenant de ces champs en détail."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:845
#, no-wrap
msgid "@code{git-fetch} method"
msgstr "La méthode @code{git-fetch}"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:852
msgid "Unlike the @code{url-fetch} method, @code{git-fetch} expects a @code{git-reference} which takes a Git repository and a commit.  The commit can be any Git reference such as tags, so if the @code{version} is tagged, then it can be used directly.  Sometimes the tag is prefixed with a @code{v}, in which case you'd use @code{(commit (string-append \"v\" version))}."
msgstr "Contrairement à la méthode @code{url-fetch}, @code{git-fetch} a besoin d'un @code{git-reference} qui prend un dépôt Git et un commit. Le commit peut être n'importe quelle référence Git comme des tags, donc si la @code{version} a un tag associé, vous pouvez l'utiliser directement. Parfois le tag est précédé de @code{v}, auquel cas vous pouvez utiliser @code{(commit (string-append \"v\" version))}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:856
msgid "To ensure that the source code from the Git repository is stored in a directory with a descriptive name, we use @code{(file-name (git-file-name name version))}."
msgstr "Pour vous assurer que le code source du dépôt Git est stocké dans un répertoire avec un nom descriptif, utilisez @code{(file-name (git-file-name name version))}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:861
msgid "The @code{git-version} procedure can be used to derive the version when packaging programs for a specific commit, following the Guix contributor guidelines (@pxref{Version Numbers,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
msgstr "Vous pouvez utiliser la procédure @code{git-version} pour calculer la version quand vous empaquetez des programmes pour un commit spécifique, en suivant le guide de contribution (@pxref{Numéros de version,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:865
msgid "How does one obtain the @code{sha256} hash that's in there, you ask? By invoking @command{guix hash} on a checkout of the desired commit, along these lines:"
msgstr "Comment obtenir le hash @code{sha256}, vous demandez-vous ? En invoquant @command{guix hash} sur un clone du commit voulu, de cette manière :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:871
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\n"
"cd libgit2\n"
"git checkout v0.26.6\n"
"guix hash -rx .\n"
msgstr ""
"git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\n"
"cd libgit2\n"
"git checkout v0.26.6\n"
"guix hash -rx .\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:876
msgid "@command{guix hash -rx} computes a SHA256 hash over the whole directory, excluding the @file{.git} sub-directory (@pxref{Invoking guix hash,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
msgstr "@command{guix hash -rx} calcul un SHA256 sur le répertoire entier, en excluant le sous-répertoire @file{.git} (@pxref{Invoquer guix hash,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:879
msgid "In the future, @command{guix download} will hopefully be able to do these steps for you, just like it does for regular downloads."
msgstr "Dans le futur, @command{guix download} sera sans doute capable de faire cela pour vous, comme il le fait pour les téléchargements directs."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:880
#, no-wrap
msgid "Snippets"
msgstr "Les bouts de code"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:886
msgid "Snippets are quoted (i.e. non-evaluated) Scheme code that are a means of patching the source.  They are a Guix-y alternative to the traditional @file{.patch} files.  Because of the quote, the code in only evaluated when passed to the Guix daemon for building.  There can be as many snippets as needed."
msgstr "Les bouts de code (snippet) sont des fragments quotés (c.-à-d. non évalués) de code Scheme utilisés pour modifier les sources. C'est une alternative aux fichiers @file{.patch} traditionnels, plus proche de l'esprit de Guix. À cause de la quote, le code n'est évalué que lorsqu'il est passé au démon Guix pour la construction. Il peut y avoir autant de bout de code que nécessaire."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:889
msgid "Snippets might need additional Guile modules which can be imported from the @code{modules} field."
msgstr "Les bouts de code on parfois besoin de modules Guile supplémentaires qui peuvent être importés dans le champ @code{modules}."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:890
#, no-wrap
msgid "Inputs"
msgstr "Entrées"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:893
msgid "First, a syntactic comment: See the quasi-quote / comma syntax?"
msgstr "Tout d'abord, un commentaire sur la syntaxe : vous voyez la quasiquote (la virgule) ?"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:897
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    (native-inputs\n"
"     `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
msgstr ""
"    (native-inputs\n"
"     `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:900
msgid "is equivalent to"
msgstr "est équivalent à"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:904
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    (native-inputs\n"
"     (list (list \"pkg-config\" pkg-config)))\n"
msgstr ""
"    (native-inputs\n"
"     (list (list \"pkg-config\" pkg-config)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:907
msgid "You'll mostly see the former because it's shorter."
msgstr "Vous verrez surtout la première forme car elle est plus courte."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:909
msgid "There are 3 different input types.  In short:"
msgstr "Il y a trois types d'entrées. En résumé :"

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:911
#, no-wrap
msgid "native-inputs"
msgstr "native-inputs"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:914
msgid "Required for building but not runtime -- installing a package through a substitute won't install these inputs."
msgstr "Requis pour construire mais pas à l'exécution -- installer un paquet avec un substitut n'installera pas ces entrées."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:914
#, no-wrap
msgid "inputs"
msgstr "inputs"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:917
msgid "Installed in the store but not in the profile, as well as being present at build time."
msgstr "Installées dans le dépôt mais pas dans le profil, et présentes à la construction."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:917
#, no-wrap
msgid "propagated-inputs"
msgstr "propagated-inputs"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:920
msgid "Installed in the store and in the profile, as well as being present at build time."
msgstr "Installées dans le dépôt et dans le profil, et présentes à la construction."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:923
msgid "@xref{Package Reference,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for more details."
msgstr "@xref{Référence de package,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour plus de détails."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:927
msgid "The distinction between the various inputs is important: if a dependency can be handled as an @emph{input} instead of a @emph{propagated input}, it should be done so, or else it ``pollutes'' the user profile for no good reason."
msgstr "La différence entre les différents types d'entrées est importante : si une dépendance peut être utilisée comme @emph{entrée} plutôt que comme @emph{entrée propagée}, il faut faire ça, sinon elle « polluera » le profil utilisateur sans raison."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:934
msgid "For instance, a user installing a graphical program that depends on a command line tool might only be interested in the graphical part, so there is no need to force the command line tool into the user profile.  The dependency is a concern to the package, not to the user.  @emph{Inputs} make it possible to handle dependencies without bugging the user by adding undesired executable files (or libraries) to their profile."
msgstr "Par exemple, si vous installez un programme graphique qui dépend d'un outil en ligne de commande, vous êtes probablement intéressé uniquement par la partie graphique, donc inutile de forcer l'outil en ligne de commande à être présent dans le profil utilisateur. Les dépendances sont gérés par les paquets, pas par les utilisateurs et utilisatrices. Les @emph{entrées} permettent de gérer les dépendances sans ennuyer les utilisateurs et utilisatrices en ajoutant des fichiers exécutables (ou bibliothèque) inutiles dans leur profil."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:940
msgid "Same goes for @emph{native-inputs}: once the program is installed, build-time dependencies can be safely garbage-collected.  It also matters when a substitute is available, in which case only the @emph{inputs} and @emph{propagated inputs} will be fetched: the @emph{native inputs} are not required to install a package from a substitute."
msgstr "Pareil pour @emph{native-inputs} : une fois le programme installé, les dépendances à la construction peuvent être supprimées sans problème par le ramasse-miettes. Lorsqu'un substitut est disponible, seuls les @emph{entrées} et les @emph{entrées propagées} sont récupérées : les @emph{entrées natives} ne sont pas requises pour installer un paquet à partir d'un substitut."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:941
#, no-wrap
msgid "Outputs"
msgstr "Sorties"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:945
msgid "Just like how a package can have multiple inputs, it can also produce multiple outputs."
msgstr "De la même manière qu'un paquet peut avoir plusieurs entrées, il peut aussi avoir plusieurs sorties."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:947
msgid "Each output corresponds to a separate directory in the store."
msgstr "Chaque sortie correspond à un répertoire différent dans le dépôt."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:950
msgid "The user can choose which output to install; this is useful to save space or to avoid polluting the user profile with unwanted executables or libraries."
msgstr "Vous pouvez choisir quelle sortie installer ; c'est utile pour préserver l'espace disque et éviter de polluer le profil utilisateur avec des exécutables et des bibliothèques inutiles."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:953
msgid "Output separation is optional.  When the @code{outputs} field is left out, the default and only output (the complete package) is referred to as @code{\"out\"}."
msgstr "La séparation des sorties est facultative. Lorsque le champ @code{outputs} n'est pas spécifié, l'unique sortie par défaut (le paquet complet donc) est @code{\"out\"}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:955
msgid "Typical separate output names include @code{debug} and @code{doc}."
msgstr "Les sorties séparées sont en général @code{debug} et @code{doc}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:959
msgid "It's advised to separate outputs only when you've shown it's worth it: if the output size is significant (compare with @code{guix size}) or in case the package is modular."
msgstr "Vous devriez séparer les sorties seulement si vous pouvez montrer que c'est utile : si la taille de la sortie est importante (vous pouvez comparer avec @code{guix size}) ou si le paquet est modulaire."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:960
#, no-wrap
msgid "Build system arguments"
msgstr "Arguments du système de construction"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:963
msgid "The @code{arguments} is a keyword-value list used to configure the build process."
msgstr "Le champ @code{arguments} est une liste de mot-clés et de valeurs utilisés pour configurer le processus de construction."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:968
msgid "The simplest argument @code{#:tests?} can be used to disable the test suite when building the package.  This is mostly useful when the package does not feature any test suite.  It's strongly recommended to keep the test suite on if there is one."
msgstr "L'argument le plus simple est @code{#:tests?} et on l'utilise pour désactiver la suite de tests pendant la construction du paquet. C'est surtout utile si le paquet n'a pas de suite de tests. Nous vous recommandons fortement de laisser tourner la suite de tests s'il y en a une."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:972
msgid "Another common argument is @code{:make-flags}, which specifies a list of flags to append when running make, as you would from the command line.  For instance, the following flags"
msgstr "Un autre argument courant est @code{#:make-flags}, qui spécifie une liste de drapeaux à ajouter en lançant make, comme ce que vous feriez sur la ligne de commande. Par exemple, les drapeaux suivants"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:976
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#:make-flags (list (string-append \"prefix=\" (assoc-ref %outputs \"out\"))\n"
"                   \"CC=gcc\")\n"
msgstr ""
"#:make-flags (list (string-append \"prefix=\" (assoc-ref %outputs \"out\"))\n"
"                   \"CC=gcc\")\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:979
msgid "translate into"
msgstr "se traduisent en"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:982
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ make CC=gcc prefix=/gnu/store/...-<out>\n"
msgstr "$ make CC=gcc prefix=/gnu/store/...-<out>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:988
msgid "This sets the C compiler to @code{gcc} and the @code{prefix} variable (the installation directory in Make parlance) to @code{(assoc-ref %outputs \"out\")}, which is a build-stage global variable pointing to the destination directory in the store (something like @file{/gnu/store/...-my-libgit2-20180408})."
msgstr "Cela indique que le compilateur C sera @code{gcc} et la variable @code{prefix} (le répertoire d'installation pour Make) sera @code{(assoc-ref %outputs \"out\")}, qui est une variable globale côté construction qui pointe vers le répertoire de destination dans le dépôt (quelque chose comme @file{/gnu/store/…-my-libgit2-20180408})."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:990
msgid "Similarly, it's possible to set the configure flags:"
msgstr "De manière identique, vous pouvez indiquer les drapeaux de configuration :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:993
#, no-wrap
msgid "#:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\")\n"
msgstr "#:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\")\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:997
msgid "The @code{%build-inputs} variable is also generated in scope.  It's an association table that maps the input names to their store directories."
msgstr "La variable @code{%build-inputs} est aussi générée dans cette portée. C'est une liste d'association qui fait correspondre les noms des entrées à leur répertoire dans le dépôt."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1002
msgid "The @code{phases} keyword lists the sequential steps of the build system.  Typically phases include @code{unpack}, @code{configure}, @code{build}, @code{install} and @code{check}.  To know more about those phases, you need to work out the appropriate build system definition in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm}:"
msgstr "Le mot-clé @code{phases} liste la séquence d'étapes du système de construction. Les phases usuelles sont @code{unpack}, @code{configure}, @code{build}, @code{install} et @code{check}. Pour en savoir plus, vous devez trouver la bonne définition du système de construction dans @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1021
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define %standard-phases\n"
"  ;; Standard build phases, as a list of symbol/procedure pairs.\n"
"  (let-syntax ((phases (syntax-rules ()\n"
"                         ((_ p ...) `((p . ,p) ...)))))\n"
"    (phases set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack\n"
"            bootstrap\n"
"            patch-usr-bin-file\n"
"            patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs\n"
"            build check install\n"
"            patch-shebangs strip\n"
"            validate-runpath\n"
"            validate-documentation-location\n"
"            delete-info-dir-file\n"
"            patch-dot-desktop-files\n"
"            install-license-files\n"
"            reset-gzip-timestamps\n"
"            compress-documentation)))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define %standard-phases\n"
"  ;; Standard build phases, as a list of symbol/procedure pairs.\n"
"  (let-syntax ((phases (syntax-rules ()\n"
"                         ((_ p ...) `((p . ,p) ...)))))\n"
"    (phases set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack\n"
"            bootstrap\n"
"            patch-usr-bin-file\n"
"            patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs\n"
"            build check install\n"
"            patch-shebangs strip\n"
"            validate-runpath\n"
"            validate-documentation-location\n"
"            delete-info-dir-file\n"
"            patch-dot-desktop-files\n"
"            install-license-files\n"
"            reset-gzip-timestamps\n"
"            compress-documentation)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1024
msgid "Or from the REPL:"
msgstr "Ou depuis la REPL :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1030
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(add-to-load-path \"/path/to/guix/checkout\")\n"
",use (guix build gnu-build-system)\n"
"(map first %standard-phases)\n"
"@result{} (set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack bootstrap patch-usr-bin-file patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs build check install patch-shebangs strip validate-runpath validate-documentation-location delete-info-dir-file patch-dot-desktop-files install-license-files reset-gzip-timestamps compress-documentation)\n"
msgstr ""
"(add-to-load-path \"/path/to/guix/checkout\")\n"
",use (guix build gnu-build-system)\n"
"(map first %standard-phases)\n"
"@result{} (set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack bootstrap patch-usr-bin-file patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs build check install patch-shebangs strip validate-runpath validate-documentation-location delete-info-dir-file patch-dot-desktop-files install-license-files reset-gzip-timestamps compress-documentation)\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1034
msgid "If you want to know more about what happens during those phases, consult the associated procedures."
msgstr "Si vous voulez en apprendre plus sur ce qui arrive pendant ces phases, consultez les procédures associées."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1037
msgid "For instance, as of this writing the definition of @code{unpack} for the GNU build system is:"
msgstr "Par exemple, au moment d'écrire ces lignes, la définition de @code{unpack} dans le système de construction de GNU est :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1047
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define* (unpack #:key source #:allow-other-keys)\n"
"  \"Unpack SOURCE in the working directory, and change directory within the\n"
"source.  When SOURCE is a directory, copy it in a sub-directory of the current\n"
"working directory.\"\n"
"  (if (file-is-directory? source)\n"
"      (begin\n"
"        (mkdir \"source\")\n"
"        (chdir \"source\")\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define* (unpack #:key source #:allow-other-keys)\n"
"  \"Unpack SOURCE in the working directory, and change directory within the\n"
"source.  When SOURCE is a directory, copy it in a sub-directory of the current\n"
"working directory.\"\n"
"  (if (file-is-directory? source)\n"
"      (begin\n"
"        (mkdir \"source\")\n"
"        (chdir \"source\")\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1058
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"        ;; Preserve timestamps (set to the Epoch) on the copied tree so that\n"
"        ;; things work deterministically.\n"
"        (copy-recursively source \".\"\n"
"                          #:keep-mtime? #true))\n"
"      (begin\n"
"        (if (string-suffix? \".zip\" source)\n"
"            (invoke \"unzip\" source)\n"
"            (invoke \"tar\" \"xvf\" source))\n"
"        (chdir (first-subdirectory \".\"))))\n"
"  #true)\n"
msgstr ""
"        ;; Preserve timestamps (set to the Epoch) on the copied tree so that\n"
"        ;; things work deterministically.\n"
"        (copy-recursively source \".\"\n"
"                          #:keep-mtime? #true))\n"
"      (begin\n"
"        (if (string-suffix? \".zip\" source)\n"
"            (invoke \"unzip\" source)\n"
"            (invoke \"tar\" \"xvf\" source))\n"
"        (chdir (first-subdirectory \".\"))))\n"
"  #true)\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1066
msgid "Note the @code{chdir} call: it changes the working directory to where the source was unpacked.  Thus every phase following the @code{unpack} will use the source as a working directory, which is why we can directly work on the source files.  That is to say, unless a later phase changes the working directory to something else."
msgstr "Remarquez l'appel à @code{chdir} : il change de répertoire courant vers la source qui vient d'être décompressée. Ainsi toutes les phases suivantes utiliseront le répertoire des sources comme répertoire de travail, ce qui explique qu'on peut travailler directement sur les fichiers sources. Du moins, tant qu'une phase suivante ne change pas le répertoire de travail."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1070
msgid "We modify the list of @code{%standard-phases} of the build system with the @code{modify-phases} macro as per the list of specified modifications, which may have the following forms:"
msgstr "Nous modifions la liste des @code{%standard-phases} du système de construction avec la macro @code{modify-phases} qui indique la liste des modifications, sous cette formes :"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1074
msgid "@code{(add-before @var{phase} @var{new-phase} @var{procedure})}: Run @var{procedure} named @var{new-phase} before @var{phase}."
msgstr "@code{(add-before @var{phase} @var{nouvelle-phase} @var{procédure})} : Lance une @var{procédure} nommée @var{nouvelle-phase} avant @var{phase}."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1076
msgid "@code{(add-after @var{phase} @var{new-phase} @var{procedure})}: Same, but afterwards."
msgstr "@code{(add-after @var{phase} @var{nouvelle-phase} @var{procédure})} : Pareil, mais après la @var{phase}."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1078
msgid "@code{(replace @var{phase} @var{procedure})}."
msgstr "@code{(replace @var{phase} @var{procédure})}."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1080
msgid "@code{(delete @var{phase})}."
msgstr "@code{(delete @var{phase})}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1087
msgid "The @var{procedure} supports the keyword arguments @code{inputs} and @code{outputs}.  Each input (whether @emph{native}, @emph{propagated} or not) and output directory is referenced by their name in those variables.  Thus @code{(assoc-ref outputs \"out\")} is the store directory of the main output of the package.  A phase procedure may look like this:"
msgstr "La @var{procédure} prend en charge les arguments @code{inputs} et @code{outputs} sous forme de mot-clés. Les entrées (@emph{natives}, @emph{propagées} et simples) et répertoires de sortie sont référencés par leur nom dans ces variables. Ainsi @code{(assoc-ref outputs \"out\")} est le répertoire du dépôt de la sortie principale du paquet. Une procédure de phase ressemble à cela :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1095
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(lambda* (#:key inputs outputs #:allow-other-keys)\n"
"  (let ((bash-directory (assoc-ref inputs \"bash\"))\n"
"        (output-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"out\"))\n"
"        (doc-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"doc\")))\n"
"    ;; ...\n"
"    #true))\n"
msgstr ""
"(lambda* (#:key inputs outputs #:allow-other-keys)\n"
"  (let ((bash-directory (assoc-ref inputs \"bash\"))\n"
"        (output-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"out\"))\n"
"        (doc-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"doc\")))\n"
"    ;; ...\n"
"    #true))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1101
msgid "The procedure must return @code{#true} on success.  It's brittle to rely on the return value of the last expression used to tweak the phase because there is no guarantee it would be a @code{#true}.  Hence the trailing @code{#true} to ensure the right value is returned on success."
msgstr "La procédure doit renvoyer @code{#true} si elle réussit. S'appuyer sur la valeur de retour de la dernière expression n'est pas très solide parce qu'il n'y a pas de garantie qu'elle sera @code{#true}. Donc le @code{#true} à la fin permet de s'assurer que la bonne valeur est renvoyée si la phase réussit."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1102
#, no-wrap
msgid "Code staging"
msgstr "Échelonnage de code"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1108
msgid "The astute reader may have noticed the quasi-quote and comma syntax in the argument field.  Indeed, the build code in the package declaration should not be evaluated on the client side, but only when passed to the Guix daemon.  This mechanism of passing code around two running processes is called @uref{https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00833, code staging}."
msgstr "Si vous avez été attentif, vous aurez remarqué la quasi-quote et la virgule dans le champ argument. En effet, le code de construction dans la déclaration du paquet ne doit pas être évalué côté client, mais seulement après avoir été passé au démon Guix. Ce mécanisme de passage de code entre deux processus s'appelle @uref{https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00833, l'échelonnage de code}."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1109
#, no-wrap
msgid "Utility functions"
msgstr "Fonctions utilitaires"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1114
msgid "When customizing @code{phases}, we often need to write code that mimics the equivalent system invocations (@code{make}, @code{mkdir}, @code{cp}, etc.)@: commonly used during regular ``Unix-style'' installations."
msgstr "Lorsque vous modifiez les @code{phases}, vous aurez souvent besoin d'écrire du code qui ressemble aux invocation équivalentes (@code{make}, @code{mkdir}, @code{cp}, etc) couramment utilisées durant une installatio plus standard dans le monde Unix."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1117
msgid "Some like @code{chmod} are native to Guile.  @xref{,,, guile, Guile reference manual} for a complete list."
msgstr "Certaines comme @code{chmod} sont natives dans Guile. @xref{,,, guile, Guile reference manual} pour une liste complète."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1120
msgid "Guix provides additional helper functions which prove especially handy in the context of package management."
msgstr "Guix fournit des fonctions utilitaires supplémentaires qui sont particulièrement utiles pour la gestion des paquets."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1124
msgid "Some of those functions can be found in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/guix/build/utils.scm}.  Most of them mirror the behaviour of the traditional Unix system commands:"
msgstr "Certaines de ces fonctions se trouvent dans @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/guix/build/utils.scm}. La plupart copient le comportement des commandes systèmes Unix traditionnelles :"

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1126
#, no-wrap
msgid "which"
msgstr "which"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1128
msgid "Like the @samp{which} system command."
msgstr "Fonctionne comme la commande système @samp{which}."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1128
#, no-wrap
msgid "find-files"
msgstr "find-files"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1130
msgid "Akin to the @samp{find} system command."
msgstr "Fonctionne un peu comme la commande @samp{find}."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1130
#, no-wrap
msgid "mkdir-p"
msgstr "mkdir-p"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1132
msgid "Like @samp{mkdir -p}, which creates all parents as needed."
msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{mkdir -p}, qui crée tous les parents si besoin."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1132
#, no-wrap
msgid "install-file"
msgstr "install-file"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1136
msgid "Similar to @samp{install} when installing a file to a (possibly non-existing) directory.  Guile has @code{copy-file} which works like @samp{cp}."
msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{install} pour installer un fichier vers un répertoire (éventuellement non existant). Guile a @code{copy-file} qui fonctionne comme @samp{cp}."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1136
#, no-wrap
msgid "copy-recursively"
msgstr "copy-recursively"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1138
msgid "Like @samp{cp -r}."
msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{cp -r}."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1138
#, no-wrap
msgid "delete-file-recursively"
msgstr "delete-file-recursively"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1140
msgid "Like @samp{rm -rf}."
msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{rm -rf}."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1140
#, no-wrap
msgid "invoke"
msgstr "invoke"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1142
msgid "Run an executable.  This should be used instead of @code{system*}."
msgstr "Lance un exécutable. Vous devriez utiliser cela à la place de @code{system*}."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1142
#, no-wrap
msgid "with-directory-excursion"
msgstr "with-directory-excursion"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1145
msgid "Run the body in a different working directory, then restore the previous working directory."
msgstr "Lance le corps dans un répertoire de travail différent, puis revient au répertoire de travail précédent."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1145
#, no-wrap
msgid "substitute*"
msgstr "substitute*"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1147
msgid "A ``@command{sed}-like'' function."
msgstr "Une fonction similaire à @command{sed}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1151
msgid "@xref{Build Utilities,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more information on these utilities."
msgstr "@xref{Utilitaires de construction,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}, pour plus d'informations sur ces utilitaires."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1152
#, no-wrap
msgid "Module prefix"
msgstr "Préfixe de module"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1162
msgid "The license in our last example needs a prefix: this is because of how the @code{license} module was imported in the package, as @code{#:use-module ((guix licenses)  #:prefix license:)}.  The Guile module import mechanism (@pxref{Using Guile Modules,,, guile, Guile reference manual})  gives the user full control over namespacing: this is needed to avoid clashes between, say, the @samp{zlib} variable from @samp{licenses.scm} (a @emph{license} value) and the @samp{zlib} variable from @samp{compression.scm} (a @emph{package} value)."
msgstr "La licence dans notre dernier exemple a besoin d'un préfixe à cause de la manière dont le module @code{licenses} a été importé dans le paquet, avec @code{#:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)}. Le mécanisme d'import de module de Guile (@pxref{Using Guile Modules,,, guile, Guile reference manual}) permet de contrôler complètement l'espace de nom. Cela évite les conflits entre, disons, la variable @samp{zlib} de @samp{licenses.scm} (un @emph{licence}) et la variable @samp{zlib} de @samp{compression.scm} (un @emph{paquet})."

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1163 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1164
#, no-wrap
msgid "Other build systems"
msgstr "Autres systèmes de construction"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1171
msgid "What we've seen so far covers the majority of packages using a build system other than the @code{trivial-build-system}.  The latter does not automate anything and leaves you to build everything manually.  This can be more demanding and we won't cover it here for now, but thankfully it is rarely necessary to fall back on this system."
msgstr "Ce que nous avons vu jusqu'ici couvre la majeur partie des paquets qui utilisent un système de construction autre que @code{trivial-build-system}. Ce dernier n'automatise rien et vous laisse tout construire par vous-même. C'est plus exigeant et nous n'en parlerons pas pour l'instant, mais heureusement il est rarement nécessaire d'aller jusqu'à ces extrémités."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1175
msgid "For the other build systems, such as ASDF, Emacs, Perl, Ruby and many more, the process is very similar to the GNU build system except for a few specialized arguments."
msgstr "Pour les autres systèmes de construction, comme ASDF, Emacs, Perl, Ruby et bien d'autres, le processus est très similaire à celui du système de construction de GNU en dehors de quelques arguments spécialisés."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1180
msgid "@xref{Build Systems,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more information on build systems, or check the source code in the @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build} and @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build-system} directories."
msgstr "@xref{Systèmes de construction,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}, pour plus d'informations sur les systèmes de construction, ou voir le code source dans les répertoires @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build} et @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build-system}."

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1181 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1182
#, no-wrap
msgid "Programmable and automated package definition"
msgstr "Définition programmable et automatisée"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1186
msgid "We can't repeat it enough: having a full-fledged programming language at hand empowers us in ways that reach far beyond traditional package management."
msgstr "Nous ne le répéterons jamais assez : avoir un langage de programmation complet à disposition nous permet de faire bien plus de choses que la gestion de paquets traditionnelle."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1188
msgid "Let's illustrate this with some awesome features of Guix!"
msgstr "Illustrons cela avec certaines fonctionnalités géniales de Guix !"

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1189 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1190
#, no-wrap
msgid "Recursive importers"
msgstr "Les importateurs récursifs"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1197
msgid "You might find some build systems good enough that there is little to do at all to write a package, to the point that it becomes repetitive and tedious after a while.  A @emph{raison d'être} of computers is to replace human beings at those boring tasks.  So let's tell Guix to do this for us and create the package definition of an R package from CRAN (the output is trimmed for conciseness):"
msgstr "Certains systèmes de constructions sont si bons qu'il n'y a presque rien à écrire pour créer un paquet, au point que cela devient rapidement répétitif et pénible. L'une des raisons d'être des ordinateurs est de remplacer les êtres humains pour ces taches barbantes. Disons donc à Guix de faire cela pour nous et de créer les définitions de paquets pour un paquet R venant de CRAN (la sortie est coupée par souci de place) :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1200
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ guix import cran --recursive walrus\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"$ guix import cran --recursive walrus\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1204
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public r-mc2d\n"
"    ; ...\n"
"    (license gpl2+)))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public r-mc2d\n"
"    ; ...\n"
"    (license gpl2+)))\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1208
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public r-jmvcore\n"
"    ; ...\n"
"    (license gpl2+)))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public r-jmvcore\n"
"    ; ...\n"
"    (license gpl2+)))\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1212
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public r-wrs2\n"
"    ; ...\n"
"    (license gpl3)))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public r-wrs2\n"
"    ; ...\n"
"    (license gpl3)))\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1241
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public r-walrus\n"
"  (package\n"
"    (name \"r-walrus\")\n"
"    (version \"1.0.3\")\n"
"    (source\n"
"      (origin\n"
"        (method url-fetch)\n"
"        (uri (cran-uri \"walrus\" version))\n"
"        (sha256\n"
"          (base32\n"
"            \"1nk2glcvy4hyksl5ipq2mz8jy4fss90hx6cq98m3w96kzjni6jjj\"))))\n"
"    (build-system r-build-system)\n"
"    (propagated-inputs\n"
"      `((\"r-ggplot2\" ,r-ggplot2)\n"
"        (\"r-jmvcore\" ,r-jmvcore)\n"
"        (\"r-r6\" ,r-r6)\n"
"        (\"r-wrs2\" ,r-wrs2)))\n"
"    (home-page \"https://github.com/jamovi/walrus\")\n"
"    (synopsis \"Robust Statistical Methods\")\n"
"    (description\n"
"      \"This package provides a toolbox of common robust statistical\n"
"tests, including robust descriptives, robust t-tests, and robust ANOVA.\n"
"It is also available as a module for 'jamovi' (see\n"
"<https://www.jamovi.org> for more information).  Walrus is based on the\n"
"WRS2 package by Patrick Mair, which is in turn based on the scripts and\n"
"work of Rand Wilcox.  These analyses are described in depth in the book\n"
"'Introduction to Robust Estimation & Hypothesis Testing'.\")\n"
"    (license gpl3)))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public r-walrus\n"
"  (package\n"
"    (name \"r-walrus\")\n"
"    (version \"1.0.3\")\n"
"    (source\n"
"      (origin\n"
"        (method url-fetch)\n"
"        (uri (cran-uri \"walrus\" version))\n"
"        (sha256\n"
"          (base32\n"
"            \"1nk2glcvy4hyksl5ipq2mz8jy4fss90hx6cq98m3w96kzjni6jjj\"))))\n"
"    (build-system r-build-system)\n"
"    (propagated-inputs\n"
"      `((\"r-ggplot2\" ,r-ggplot2)\n"
"        (\"r-jmvcore\" ,r-jmvcore)\n"
"        (\"r-r6\" ,r-r6)\n"
"        (\"r-wrs2\" ,r-wrs2)))\n"
"    (home-page \"https://github.com/jamovi/walrus\")\n"
"    (synopsis \"Robust Statistical Methods\")\n"
"    (description\n"
"      \"This package provides a toolbox of common robust statistical\n"
"tests, including robust descriptives, robust t-tests, and robust ANOVA.\n"
"It is also available as a module for 'jamovi' (see\n"
"<https://www.jamovi.org> for more information).  Walrus is based on the\n"
"WRS2 package by Patrick Mair, which is in turn based on the scripts and\n"
"work of Rand Wilcox.  These analyses are described in depth in the book\n"
"'Introduction to Robust Estimation & Hypothesis Testing'.\")\n"
"    (license gpl3)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1245
msgid "The recursive importer won't import packages for which Guix already has package definitions, except for the very first."
msgstr "L'importateur récursif n'importera pas les paquets pour lesquels Guix a déjà une définition, sauf pour le tout premier."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1250
msgid "Not all applications can be packaged this way, only those relying on a select number of supported systems.  Read about the full list of importers in the guix import section of the manual (@pxref{Invoking guix import,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
msgstr "Toutes les applications ne peuvent pas être empaquetées de cette manière, seules celles qui s'appuient sur un nombre restreint de systèmes pris en charge le peuvent. Vous trouverez la liste complète des importateurs dans la section dédiée du manuel (@pxref{Invoquer guix import,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU})."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1251 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1252
#, no-wrap
msgid "Automatic update"
msgstr "Mise à jour automatique"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1256
msgid "Guix can be smart enough to check for updates on systems it knows.  It can report outdated package definitions with"
msgstr "Guix peut être assez intelligent pour vérifier s'il y a des mises à jour sur les systèmes qu'il connaît. Il peut rapporter les paquets anciens avec"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1259
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ guix refresh hello\n"
msgstr "$ guix refresh hello\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1264
msgid "In most cases, updating a package to a newer version requires little more than changing the version number and the checksum.  Guix can do that automatically as well:"
msgstr "La plupart du temps, mettre à jour un paquet vers une nouvelle version ne demande pas beaucoup plus que de changer le numéro de version et la somme de contrôle. Guix peut aussi le faire automatiquement :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1267
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ guix refresh hello --update\n"
msgstr "$ guix refresh hello --update\n"

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1269 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1270
#, no-wrap
msgid "Inheritance"
msgstr "Héritage"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1274
msgid "If you've started browsing the existing package definitions, you might have noticed that a significant number of them have a @code{inherit} field:"
msgstr "Si vous avez commencé à regarder des définitions de paquets existantes, vous avez peut-être remarqué qu'un certain nombre d'entre elles ont un champ @code{inherit} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1290
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public adwaita-icon-theme\n"
"  (package (inherit gnome-icon-theme)\n"
"    (name \"adwaita-icon-theme\")\n"
"    (version \"3.26.1\")\n"
"    (source (origin\n"
"              (method url-fetch)\n"
"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnome/sources/\" name \"/\"\n"
"                                  (version-major+minor version) \"/\"\n"
"                                  name \"-\" version \".tar.xz\"))\n"
"              (sha256\n"
"               (base32\n"
"                \"17fpahgh5dyckgz7rwqvzgnhx53cx9kr2xw0szprc6bnqy977fi8\"))))\n"
"    (native-inputs\n"
"     `((\"gtk-encode-symbolic-svg\" ,gtk+ \"bin\")))))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public adwaita-icon-theme\n"
"  (package (inherit gnome-icon-theme)\n"
"    (name \"adwaita-icon-theme\")\n"
"    (version \"3.26.1\")\n"
"    (source (origin\n"
"              (method url-fetch)\n"
"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnome/sources/\" name \"/\"\n"
"                                  (version-major+minor version) \"/\"\n"
"                                  name \"-\" version \".tar.xz\"))\n"
"              (sha256\n"
"               (base32\n"
"                \"17fpahgh5dyckgz7rwqvzgnhx53cx9kr2xw0szprc6bnqy977fi8\"))))\n"
"    (native-inputs\n"
"     `((\"gtk-encode-symbolic-svg\" ,gtk+ \"bin\")))))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1295
msgid "All unspecified fields are inherited from the parent package.  This is very convenient to create alternative packages, for instance with different source, version or compilation options."
msgstr "Tous les champs non spécifiés héritent du paquet parent. C'est très pratique pour créer un paquet alternatif, par exemple avec une source, une version ou des options de compilation différentes."

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1296 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1297
#, no-wrap
msgid "Getting help"
msgstr "Se faire aider"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1303
msgid "Sadly, some applications can be tough to package.  Sometimes they need a patch to work with the non-standard file system hierarchy enforced by the store.  Sometimes the tests won't run properly.  (They can be skipped but this is not recommended.)  Other times the resulting package won't be reproducible."
msgstr "Malheureusement, certaines applications peuvent être difficiles à empaqueter. Parfois elles ont besoin d'un correctif pour fonctionner avec la hiérarchie du système de fichiers non standard imposée par de dépôt. Parfois les tests ne se lancent pas correctement (vous pouvez les passer mais ce n'est pas recommandé). Parfois le paquet n'est pas reproductible."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1306
msgid "Should you be stuck, unable to figure out how to fix any sort of packaging issue, don't hesitate to ask the community for help."
msgstr "Si vous êtes bloqué·e, incapable de trouver comme corriger un problème d'empaquetage, n'hésitez pas à demander de l'aide à la communauté."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1308
msgid "See the @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/contact/, Guix homepage} for information on the mailing lists, IRC, etc."
msgstr "voir la @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/fr/contact/,la page d'accueil de Guix} pour plus d'informations sur les listes de diffusion, IRC, etc."

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1309 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1310
#, no-wrap
msgid "Conclusion"
msgstr "Conclusion"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1316
msgid "This tutorial was a showcase of the sophisticated package management that Guix boasts.  At this point we have mostly restricted this introduction to the @code{gnu-build-system} which is a core abstraction layer on which more advanced abstractions are based."
msgstr "Ce didacticiel vous a montré la gestion des paquets sophistiquée dont Guix se targue. Maintenant, nous avons restreint cette introduction au système @code{gnu-build-system} qui est un niveau d'abstraction essentiel sur lequel des niveaux d'abstraction plus avancés se reposent."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1321
msgid "Where do we go from here? Next we ought to dissect the innards of the build system by removing all abstractions, using the @code{trivial-build-system}: this should give us a thorough understanding of the process before investigating some more advanced packaging techniques and edge cases."
msgstr "Comment continuer ? Nous devrions ensuite disséquer le fonctionnement interne des systèmes de construction en supprimant toutes les abstractions, avec le @code{trivial-build-system} : cela vous permettra de bien comprendre le processus avant de voir des techniques plus avancées et certains cas particuliers."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1324
msgid "Other features worth exploring are the interactive editing and debugging capabilities of Guix provided by the Guile REPL@."
msgstr "D'autres fonctionnalités que vous devriez explorer sont l'édition interactive et les possibilités de débogage de Guix fournies par la REPL de Guile."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1329
msgid "Those fancy features are completely optional and can wait; now is a good time to take a well-deserved break.  With what we've introduced here you should be well armed to package lots of programs.  You can get started right away and hopefully we will see your contributions soon!"
msgstr "Ces fonctionnalités avancées sont complètement facultatives et peuvent attendre ; maintenant vous devriez prendre une pause bien méritée. Avec ce dont nous venons de parler ici vous devriez être bien armé·e pour empaqueter de nombreux paquets. Vous pouvez commencer dès maintenant et on espère voir votre contribution bientôt !"

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1330 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1331
#, no-wrap
msgid "References"
msgstr "Références"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1336
msgid "The @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/en/html_node/Defining-Packages.html, package reference in the manual}"
msgstr "La @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/fr/html_node/reference-de-package.html, référence des paquets dans le manuel}"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1339
msgid "@uref{https://gitlab.com/pjotrp/guix-notes/blob/master/HACKING.org, Pjotr’s hacking guide to GNU Guix}"
msgstr "@uref{https://gitlab.com/pjotrp/guix-notes/blob/master/HACKING.org, le guide de bidouillage de GNU Guix de Pjotr}"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1342
msgid "@uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/guix-ghm-andreas-20130823.pdf, ``GNU Guix: Package without a scheme!''}, by Andreas Enge"
msgstr "@uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/guix-ghm-andreas-20130823.pdf, « GNU Guix: Package without a scheme! »}, d'Andreas Enge"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1351
msgid "Guix offers a flexible language for declaratively configuring your Guix System.  This flexibility can at times be overwhelming.  The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate some advanced configuration concepts."
msgstr "Guix propose un langage flexible pour déclarer la configuration de votre système Guix. Cette flexibilité peut parfois paraître écrasante. Le but de ce chapitre est de vous montrer quelques concepts de configuration avancés."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1354
msgid "@pxref{System Configuration,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a complete reference."
msgstr "@pxref{Configuration du système,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour une référence complète."

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
msgid "Creating and using a custom Linux kernel on Guix System."
msgstr "Créer et utiliser un noyau Linux personnalisé sur le système Guix."

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1606
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1607
#, no-wrap
msgid "Guix System Image API"
msgstr "L'API de création d'images du système Guix"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
msgid "Customizing images to target specific platforms."
msgstr "Personnaliser des images pour des plateformes particulières."

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1817
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1818
#, no-wrap
msgid "Connecting to Wireguard VPN"
msgstr "Se connecter à un VPN Wireguard"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
msgid "Connecting to a Wireguard VPN."
msgstr "Se connecter à un VPN Wireguard."

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1894
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1895
#, no-wrap
msgid "Customizing a Window Manager"
msgstr "Personnaliser un gestionnaire de fenêtres"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
msgid "Handle customization of a Window manager on Guix System."
msgstr "Gérer la personnalisation d'un gestionnaire de fenêtres sur le système Guix."

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1985
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1986
#, no-wrap
msgid "Running Guix on a Linode Server"
msgstr "Lancer Guix sur un serveur Linode"

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2225
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2226
#, no-wrap
msgid "Setting up a bind mount"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
msgid "Setting up a bind mount in the file-systems definition."
msgstr ""

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2274
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2275
#, no-wrap
msgid "Getting substitutes from Tor"
msgstr "Récupérer des substituts via Tor"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
msgid "Configuring Guix daemon to get substitutes through Tor."
msgstr "Configurer le démon Guix pour récupérer les substituts via Tor."

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2336
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2337
#, no-wrap
msgid "Setting up NGINX with Lua"
msgstr "Configurer NGINX avec Lua"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
msgid "Configuring NGINX web-server to load Lua modules."
msgstr "Configurer le serveur web NGINX pour qu'il charge des modules Lua."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1376
msgid "Guix is, at its core, a source based distribution with substitutes (@pxref{Substitutes,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}), and as such building packages from their source code is an expected part of regular package installations and upgrades.  Given this starting point, it makes sense that efforts are made to reduce the amount of time spent compiling packages, and recent changes and upgrades to the building and distribution of substitutes continues to be a topic of discussion within Guix."
msgstr "Guix est, en son cœur, une distribution source avec des substituts (@pxref{Substituts,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}), et donc construire des paquets à partir de leur code source est normal pendant les installations et les mis à jour de paquets. Malgré tout, c'est aussi normal d'essayer de réduire le temps passé à compiler des paquets, et les changements récents et futurs concernant la construction et la distribution des substituts continue d'être un sujet de discussion dans le projet Guix."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1382
msgid "The kernel, while not requiring an overabundance of RAM to build, does take a rather long time on an average machine.  The official kernel configuration, as is the case with many GNU/Linux distributions, errs on the side of inclusiveness, and this is really what causes the build to take such a long time when the kernel is built from source."
msgstr "Le noyau, bien qu'il ne demande pas énormément de RAM pour être construit, prend assez long à construire sur une machine usuelle. La configuration du noyau officielle, comme avec la plupart des autres distributions GNU/Linux, penche du côté de l'inclusivité, et c'est vraiment ça qui rend la construction aussi longue à partir des sources."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1387
msgid "The Linux kernel, however, can also just be described as a regular old package, and as such can be customized just like any other package.  The procedure is a little bit different, although this is primarily due to the nature of how the package definition is written."
msgstr "Le noyau Linux, cependant, peut aussi être décrit comme un simple paquet comme les autres, et peut donc être personnalisé comme n'importe quel autre paquet. La procédure est un peu différente, même si c'est surtout dû à la nature de la définition du paquet."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1390
msgid "The @code{linux-libre} kernel package definition is actually a procedure which creates a package."
msgstr "Le paquet du noyau @code{linux-libre} est en fait une procédure qui crée un paquet."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1402
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define* (make-linux-libre version hash supported-systems\n"
"                           #:key\n"
"                           ;; A function that takes an arch and a variant.\n"
"                           ;; See kernel-config for an example.\n"
"                           (extra-version #false)\n"
"                           (configuration-file #false)\n"
"                           (defconfig \"defconfig\")\n"
"                           (extra-options %default-extra-linux-options)\n"
"                           (patches (list %boot-logo-patch)))\n"
"  ...)\n"
msgstr ""
"(define* (make-linux-libre version hash supported-systems\n"
"                           #:key\n"
"                           ;; A function that takes an arch and a variant.\n"
"                           ;; See kernel-config for an example.\n"
"                           (extra-version #false)\n"
"                           (configuration-file #false)\n"
"                           (defconfig \"defconfig\")\n"
"                           (extra-options %default-extra-linux-options)\n"
"                           (patches (list %boot-logo-patch)))\n"
"  ...)\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1406
msgid "The current @code{linux-libre} package is for the 5.1.x series, and is declared like this:"
msgstr "Le paquet @code{linux-libre} actuel pour la série 5.1.x, est déclaré comme ceci :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1414
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public linux-libre\n"
"  (make-linux-libre %linux-libre-version\n"
"                    %linux-libre-hash\n"
"                    '(\"x86_64-linux\" \"i686-linux\" \"armhf-linux\" \"aarch64-linux\")\n"
"                    #:patches %linux-libre-5.1-patches\n"
"                    #:configuration-file kernel-config))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public linux-libre\n"
"  (make-linux-libre %linux-libre-version\n"
"                    %linux-libre-hash\n"
"                    '(\"x86_64-linux\" \"i686-linux\" \"armhf-linux\" \"aarch64-linux\")\n"
"                    #:patches %linux-libre-5.1-patches\n"
"                    #:configuration-file kernel-config))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1423
msgid "Any keys which are not assigned values inherit their default value from the @code{make-linux-libre} definition.  When comparing the two snippets above, you may notice that the code comment in the first doesn't actually refer to the @code{#:extra-version} keyword; it is actually for @code{#:configuration-file}.  Because of this, it is not actually easy to include a custom kernel configuration from the definition, but don't worry, there are other ways to work with what we do have."
msgstr "Les clés qui n'ont pas de valeur associée prennent leur valeur par défaut dans la définition de @code{make-linux-libre}. Lorsque vous comparez les deux bouts de code ci-dessus, vous aurez remarqué que le commentaire du premier ne correspond pas au mot-clé @code{#:extra-version}, mais à @code{#:configuration-file}. À cause de cela, il n'est pas facile d'inclure une configuration personnalisée du noyau à partir de la définition, mais ne vous inquiétez pas, il y a d'autres moyens de travailler avec ce qu'on a."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1429
msgid "There are two ways to create a kernel with a custom kernel configuration.  The first is to provide a standard @file{.config} file during the build process by including an actual @file{.config} file as a native input to our custom kernel.  The following is a snippet from the custom @code{'configure} phase of the @code{make-linux-libre} package definition:"
msgstr "Il y a deux manières de créer un noyau avec une configuration personnalisée. La première consiste à fournir un fichier @file{.config} standard au processus de construction en ajoutant un fichier @file{.config} comme entrée native de notre noyau. Voici un bout de code correspondant à la phase @code{'configure} de la définition de paquet @code{make-linux-libre} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(let ((build  (assoc-ref %standard-phases 'build))\n"
"      (config (assoc-ref (or native-inputs inputs) \"kconfig\")))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(let ((build  (assoc-ref %standard-phases 'build))\n"
"      (config (assoc-ref (or native-inputs inputs) \"kconfig\")))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1441
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  ;; Use a custom kernel configuration file or a default\n"
"  ;; configuration file.\n"
"  (if config\n"
"      (begin\n"
"        (copy-file config \".config\")\n"
"        (chmod \".config\" #o666))\n"
"      (invoke \"make\" ,defconfig)))\n"
msgstr ""
"  ;; Use a custom kernel configuration file or a default\n"
"  ;; configuration file.\n"
"  (if config\n"
"      (begin\n"
"        (copy-file config \".config\")\n"
"        (chmod \".config\" #o666))\n"
"      (invoke \"make\" ,defconfig)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1446
msgid "Below is a sample kernel package.  The @code{linux-libre} package is nothing special and can be inherited from and have its fields overridden like any other package:"
msgstr "Et voici un exemple de paquet de noyau. Le paquet @code{linux-libre} n'a rien de spécial, on peut en hériter et remplacer ses champs comme n'importe quel autre paquet :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1455
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public linux-libre/E2140\n"
"  (package\n"
"    (inherit linux-libre)\n"
"    (native-inputs\n"
"     `((\"kconfig\" ,(local-file \"E2140.config\"))\n"
"      ,@@(alist-delete \"kconfig\"\n"
"                      (package-native-inputs linux-libre))))))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public linux-libre/E2140\n"
"  (package\n"
"    (inherit linux-libre)\n"
"    (native-inputs\n"
"     `((\"kconfig\" ,(local-file \"E2140.config\"))\n"
"      ,@@(alist-delete \"kconfig\"\n"
"                      (package-native-inputs linux-libre))))))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1462
msgid "In the same directory as the file defining @code{linux-libre-E2140} is a file named @file{E2140.config}, which is an actual kernel configuration file.  The @code{defconfig} keyword of @code{make-linux-libre} is left blank here, so the only kernel configuration in the package is the one which was included in the @code{native-inputs} field."
msgstr "Dans le même répertoire que le fichier définissant @code{linux-libre-E2140} se trouve un fichier nommé @file{E2140.config}, qui est un fichier de configuration du noyau. Le mot-clé @code{defconfig} de @code{make-linux-libre} reste vide ici, donc la configuration du noyau dans le paquet est celle qui sera incluse dans le champ @code{native-inputs}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1467
msgid "The second way to create a custom kernel is to pass a new value to the @code{extra-options} keyword of the @code{make-linux-libre} procedure.  The @code{extra-options} keyword works with another function defined right below it:"
msgstr "La deuxième manière de créer un noyau personnalisé est de passer une nouvelle valeur au mot-clé @code{extra-options} de la procédure @code{make-linux-libre}. Le mot-clé @code{extra-options} fonctionne avec une autre fonction définie juste en dessous :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1483
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define %default-extra-linux-options\n"
"  `(;; https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2014-04/msg00039.html\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES\" . #true)\n"
"   ;; Modules required for initrd:\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_NET_9P\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_FUSE_FS\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_CIFS\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_9P_FS\" . m)))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define %default-extra-linux-options\n"
"  `(;; https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2014-04/msg00039.html\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES\" . #true)\n"
"   ;; Modules required for initrd:\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_NET_9P\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_FUSE_FS\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_CIFS\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_9P_FS\" . m)))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1494
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define (config->string options)\n"
"  (string-join (map (match-lambda\n"
"                      ((option . 'm)\n"
"                       (string-append option \"=m\"))\n"
"                      ((option . #true)\n"
"                       (string-append option \"=y\"))\n"
"                      ((option . #false)\n"
"                       (string-append option \"=n\")))\n"
"                    options)\n"
"               \"\\n\"))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define (config->string options)\n"
"  (string-join (map (match-lambda\n"
"                      ((option . 'm)\n"
"                       (string-append option \"=m\"))\n"
"                      ((option . #true)\n"
"                       (string-append option \"=y\"))\n"
"                      ((option . #false)\n"
"                       (string-append option \"=n\")))\n"
"                    options)\n"
"               \"\\n\"))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1497
msgid "And in the custom configure script from the `make-linux-libre` package:"
msgstr "Et dans le script configure personnalisé du paquet « make-linux-libre » :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1505
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
";; Appending works even when the option wasn't in the\n"
";; file.  The last one prevails if duplicated.\n"
"(let ((port (open-file \".config\" \"a\"))\n"
"      (extra-configuration ,(config->string extra-options)))\n"
"  (display extra-configuration port)\n"
"  (close-port port))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
";; Appending works even when the option wasn't in the\n"
";; file.  The last one prevails if duplicated.\n"
"(let ((port (open-file \".config\" \"a\"))\n"
"      (extra-configuration ,(config->string extra-options)))\n"
"  (display extra-configuration port)\n"
"  (close-port port))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1507
#, no-wrap
msgid "(invoke \"make\" \"oldconfig\")\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1512
msgid "So by not providing a configuration-file the @file{.config} starts blank, and then we write into it the collection of flags that we want.  Here's another custom kernel:"
msgstr "Donc, en ne fournissant pas de fichier de configuration le fichier @file{.config} est au départ vide et on écrit ensuite l'ensemble des drapeaux que l'on veut. Voici un autre noyau personnalisé :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1520
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define %macbook41-full-config\n"
"  (append %macbook41-config-options\n"
"          %file-systems\n"
"          %efi-support\n"
"          %emulation\n"
"          (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %default-extra-linux-options)))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define %macbook41-full-config\n"
"  (append %macbook41-config-options\n"
"          %file-systems\n"
"          %efi-support\n"
"          %emulation\n"
"          (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %default-extra-linux-options)))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1530
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public linux-libre-macbook41\n"
"  ;; XXX: Access the internal 'make-linux-libre' procedure, which is\n"
"  ;; private and unexported, and is liable to change in the future.\n"
"  ((@@@@ (gnu packages linux) make-linux-libre) (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-version)\n"
"                      (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-hash)\n"
"                      '(\"x86_64-linux\")\n"
"                      #:extra-version \"macbook41\"\n"
"                      #:patches (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-5.1-patches)\n"
"                      #:extra-options %macbook41-config-options))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public linux-libre-macbook41\n"
"  ;; XXX: Access the internal 'make-linux-libre' procedure, which is\n"
"  ;; private and unexported, and is liable to change in the future.\n"
"  ((@@@@ (gnu packages linux) make-linux-libre) (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-version)\n"
"                      (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-hash)\n"
"                      '(\"x86_64-linux\")\n"
"                      #:extra-version \"macbook41\"\n"
"                      #:patches (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-5.1-patches)\n"
"                      #:extra-options %macbook41-config-options))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1537
msgid "In the above example @code{%file-systems} is a collection of flags enabling different file system support, @code{%efi-support} enables EFI support and @code{%emulation} enables a x86_64-linux machine to act in 32-bit mode also.  @code{%default-extra-linux-options} are the ones quoted above, which had to be added in since they were replaced in the @code{extra-options} keyword."
msgstr "Dans l'exemple ci-dessus @code{%fale-systems} est un ensemble de drapeaux qui activent la prise en charge de différents systèmes de fichiers, @code{%efi-support} active la prise en charge de l'EFI et @code{%emulation} permet à une machine x86_64-linux de fonctionner aussi en mode 32-bits. @code{%default-extra-linux-options} sont l'ensemble de ces options et elles devaient être ajoutées puisqu'elles ont été remplacées dans le mot-clé @code{extra-options}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1546
msgid "This all sounds like it should be doable, but how does one even know which modules are required for a particular system? Two places that can be helpful in trying to answer this question is the @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Kernel, Gentoo Handbook} and the @uref{https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/README.html?highlight=localmodconfig, documentation from the kernel itself}.  From the kernel documentation, it seems that @code{make localmodconfig} is the command we want."
msgstr "Tout ça est bien beau, mais comment savoir quels modules sont requis pour un système en particulier ? Il y a deux ressources qui peuvent être utiles pour répondre à cette question : le @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Kernel, manuel de Gentoo} et la @uref{https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/README.html?highlight=localmodconfig, documentation du noyau}. D'après la documentation du noyau, il semble que la commande @code{make localmodconfig} soit la bonne."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1549
msgid "In order to actually run @code{make localmodconfig} we first need to get and unpack the kernel source code:"
msgstr "Pour lancer @code{make localmodconfig} on doit d'abord récupérer et décompresser le code source du noyau :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1552
#, no-wrap
msgid "tar xf $(guix build linux-libre --source)\n"
msgstr "tar xf $(guix build linux-libre --source)\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1559
msgid "Once inside the directory containing the source code run @code{touch .config} to create an initial, empty @file{.config} to start with.  @code{make localmodconfig} works by seeing what you already have in @file{.config} and letting you know what you're missing.  If the file is blank then you're missing everything.  The next step is to run:"
msgstr "Une fois dans le répertoire contenant le code source lancez @code{touch .config} pour créer un fichier @file{.config} initialement vide pour commencer. @code{make localmodconfig} fonctionne en remarquant que avec déjà un @file{.config} et en vous disant ce qu'il vous manque. Si le fichier est vide, il vous manquera tout ce qui est nécessaire. L'étape suivante consiste à lancer :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1562
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix environment linux-libre -- make localmodconfig\n"
msgstr "guix environment linux-libre -- make localmodconfig\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1567
msgid "and note the output.  Do note that the @file{.config} file is still empty.  The output generally contains two types of warnings.  The first start with \"WARNING\" and can actually be ignored in our case.  The second read:"
msgstr "et regardez la sortie. Remarquez que le fichier @file{.config} est toujours vide. La sortie contient en général deux types d'avertissements. Le premier commence par « WARNING » et peut être ignoré dans notre cas. Le deuxième dit :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1570
#, no-wrap
msgid "module pcspkr did not have configs CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR\n"
msgstr "module pcspkr did not have configs CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1575
msgid "For each of these lines, copy the @code{CONFIG_XXXX_XXXX} portion into the @file{.config} in the directory, and append @code{=m}, so in the end it looks like this:"
msgstr "Pour chacune de ces lignes, copiez la partie @code{CONFIG_XXXX_XXXX} dans le @file{.config} du répertoire et ajoutez @code{=m} pour qu'à la fin il ressemble à cela :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1579
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR=m\n"
"CONFIG_VIRTIO=m\n"
msgstr ""
"CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR=m\n"
"CONFIG_VIRTIO=m\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1588
msgid "After copying all the configuration options, run @code{make localmodconfig} again to make sure that you don't have any output starting with ``module''.  After all of these machine specific modules there are a couple more left that are also needed.  @code{CONFIG_MODULES} is necessary so that you can build and load modules separately and not have everything built into the kernel.  @code{CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD} is required for reading from hard drives.  It is possible that there are other modules which you will need."
msgstr "Après avoir copié toutes les options de configuration, lancez @code{make localmodconfig} de nouveau pour vous assurer que vous n'avez pas de sortie commençant par « module ». Après tous ces modules spécifiques à la machine, il y en a encore quelques uns que nous devons aussi définir. @code{CONFIG_MODULES} est nécessaire pour que nous puissions construire et charger les modules séparément et ne pas tout construire dans le noyau. @code{CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD} est requis pour lire les disques durs. Il est possible que vous aillez besoin de quelques autres modules."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1592
msgid "This post does not aim to be a guide to configuring your own kernel however, so if you do decide to build a custom kernel you'll have to seek out other guides to create a kernel which is just right for your needs."
msgstr "Cet article n'a pas pour but de vous guider dans la configuration de votre propre noyau cependant, donc si vous décidez de construire un noyau personnalisé vous devrez chercher d'autres guides pour créer un noyau qui vous convient."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1600
msgid "The second way to setup the kernel configuration makes more use of Guix's features and allows you to share configuration segments between different kernels.  For example, all machines using EFI to boot have a number of EFI configuration flags that they need.  It is likely that all the kernels will share a list of file systems to support.  By using variables it is easier to see at a glance what features are enabled and to make sure you don't have features in one kernel but missing in another."
msgstr "La deuxième manière de configurer le noyau utilise un peu plus les fonctionnalités de Guix et vous permettent de partager des bouts de configuration entre différents noyaux. Par exemple, toutes les machines avec un démarrage EFI ont besoin d'un certain nombre de configurations. Tous les noyaux vont probablement partager une liste de systèmes de fichiers à prendre en charge. En utilisant des variables il est facile de voir du premier coup quelles fonctionnalités sont activées pour vous assurer que vous n'avez pas des fonctionnalités dans un noyau qui manquent dans un autre."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1605
msgid "Left undiscussed however, is Guix's initrd and its customization.  It is likely that you'll need to modify the initrd on a machine using a custom kernel, since certain modules which are expected to be built may not be available for inclusion into the initrd."
msgstr "Cependant, nous ne parlons pas de la personnalisation du disque de ram initial. Vous devrez sans doute modifier le disque de ram initial sur les machines qui utilisent un noyau personnalisé, puisque certains modules attendus peuvent ne pas être disponibles."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1612
msgid "Historically, Guix System is centered around an @code{operating-system} structure.  This structure contains various fields ranging from the bootloader and kernel declaration to the services to install."
msgstr "Historiquement, le système Guix est centré sur une structure @code{operating-system}. Cette structure contient divers champs qui vont du chargeur d'amorçage et à la déclaration du noyau aux services à installer."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1618
msgid "Depending on the target machine, that can go from a standard @code{x86_64} machine to a small ARM single board computer such as the Pine64, the image constraints can vary a lot.  The hardware manufacturers will impose different image formats with various partition sizes and offsets."
msgstr "En fonction de la machine cible, qui peut aller d'une machine @code{x86_64} standard à un petit ordinateur ARM sur carte unique comme le Pine64, les contraintes sur l'image varient beaucoup. Les fabricants imposent différents formats d'image avec plusieurs tailles de partitions et de positions."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1623
msgid "To create images suitable for all those machines, a new abstraction is necessary: that's the goal of the @code{image} record.  This record contains all the required information to be transformed into a standalone image, that can be directly booted on any target machine."
msgstr "Pour créer des images convenables pour toutes ces machines, une nouvelle abstraction est nécessaire : c'est le but de l'enregistrement @code{image}. Cet enregistrement contient toutes les informations requises pour être transformé en une image complète, qui peut être directement démarrée sur une machine cible."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1645
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-record-type* <image>\n"
"  image make-image\n"
"  image?\n"
"  (name               image-name ;symbol\n"
"                      (default #f))\n"
"  (format             image-format) ;symbol\n"
"  (target             image-target\n"
"                      (default #f))\n"
"  (size               image-size  ;size in bytes as integer\n"
"                      (default 'guess))\n"
"  (operating-system   image-operating-system  ;<operating-system>\n"
"                      (default #f))\n"
"  (partitions         image-partitions ;list of <partition>\n"
"                      (default '()))\n"
"  (compression?       image-compression? ;boolean\n"
"                      (default #t))\n"
"  (volatile-root?     image-volatile-root? ;boolean\n"
"                      (default #t))\n"
"  (substitutable?     image-substitutable? ;boolean\n"
"                      (default #t)))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-record-type* <image>\n"
"  image make-image\n"
"  image?\n"
"  (name               image-name ;symbol\n"
"                      (default #f))\n"
"  (format             image-format) ;symbol\n"
"  (target             image-target\n"
"                      (default #f))\n"
"  (size               image-size  ;size in bytes as integer\n"
"                      (default 'guess))\n"
"  (operating-system   image-operating-system  ;<operating-system>\n"
"                      (default #f))\n"
"  (partitions         image-partitions ;list of <partition>\n"
"                      (default '()))\n"
"  (compression?       image-compression? ;boolean\n"
"                      (default #t))\n"
"  (volatile-root?     image-volatile-root? ;boolean\n"
"                      (default #t))\n"
"  (substitutable?     image-substitutable? ;boolean\n"
"                      (default #t)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1651
msgid "This record contains the operating-system to instantiate. The @code{format} field defines the image type and can be @code{efi-raw}, @code{qcow2} or @code{iso9660} for instance. In the future, it could be extended to @code{docker} or other image types."
msgstr "Cet enregistrement contient le système d'exploitation à instancier. Le champ @code{format} défini le type d'image et peut être @code{efi-raw}, @code{qcow2} ou @code{iso9660} par exemple. Plus tard, on prévoit de l'étendre à @code{docker} et aux autres types d'images."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1654
msgid "A new directory in the Guix sources is dedicated to images definition. For now there are four files:"
msgstr "Un nouveau répertoire dans les sources de Guix est dédié aux définitions des images. Pour l'instant il y a quatre fichiers :"

#. type: file{#1}
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1656
#, no-wrap
msgid "gnu/system/images/hurd.scm"
msgstr "gnu/system/images/hurd.scm"

#. type: file{#1}
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1657
#, no-wrap
msgid "gnu/system/images/pine64.scm"
msgstr "gnu/system/images/pine64.scm"

#. type: file{#1}
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1658
#, no-wrap
msgid "gnu/system/images/novena.scm"
msgstr "gnu/system/images/novena.scm"

#. type: file{#1}
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1659
#, no-wrap
msgid "gnu/system/images/pinebook-pro.scm"
msgstr "gnu/system/images/pinebook-pro.scm"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1665
msgid "Let's have a look to @file{pine64.scm}. It contains the @code{pine64-barebones-os} variable which is a minimal definition of an operating-system dedicated to the @b{Pine A64 LTS} board."
msgstr "Regardons le fichier @file{pine64.scm}. Il contient la variable @code{pine64-barebones-os} qui est une définition minimale d'un système d'exploitation dédié à la carte @b{Pine A64 LTS}."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1689
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define pine64-barebones-os\n"
"  (operating-system\n"
"   (host-name \"vignemale\")\n"
"   (timezone \"Europe/Paris\")\n"
"   (locale \"en_US.utf8\")\n"
"   (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
"                (bootloader u-boot-pine64-lts-bootloader)\n"
"                (target \"/dev/vda\")))\n"
"   (initrd-modules '())\n"
"   (kernel linux-libre-arm64-generic)\n"
"   (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
"                        (device (file-system-label \"my-root\"))\n"
"                        (mount-point \"/\")\n"
"                        (type \"ext4\"))\n"
"                       %base-file-systems))\n"
"   (services (cons (service agetty-service-type\n"
"                            (agetty-configuration\n"
"                             (extra-options '(\"-L\")) ; no carrier detect\n"
"                             (baud-rate \"115200\")\n"
"                             (term \"vt100\")\n"
"                             (tty \"ttyS0\")))\n"
"                   %base-services))))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define pine64-barebones-os\n"
"  (operating-system\n"
"   (host-name \"vignemale\")\n"
"   (timezone \"Europe/Paris\")\n"
"   (locale \"en_US.utf8\")\n"
"   (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
"                (bootloader u-boot-pine64-lts-bootloader)\n"
"                (target \"/dev/vda\")))\n"
"   (initrd-modules '())\n"
"   (kernel linux-libre-arm64-generic)\n"
"   (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
"                        (device (file-system-label \"my-root\"))\n"
"                        (mount-point \"/\")\n"
"                        (type \"ext4\"))\n"
"                       %base-file-systems))\n"
"   (services (cons (service agetty-service-type\n"
"                            (agetty-configuration\n"
"                             (extra-options '(\"-L\")) ; no carrier detect\n"
"                             (baud-rate \"115200\")\n"
"                             (term \"vt100\")\n"
"                             (tty \"ttyS0\")))\n"
"                   %base-services))))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1693
msgid "The @code{kernel} and @code{bootloader} fields are pointing to packages dedicated to this board."
msgstr "Les champs @code{kernel} et @code{bootloader} pointent vers les paquets dédiés à cette carte."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1695
msgid "Right below, the @code{pine64-image-type} variable is also defined."
msgstr "Ci-dessous, la variable @code{pine64-image-type} est ainsi définie."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1701
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define pine64-image-type\n"
"  (image-type\n"
"   (name 'pine64-raw)\n"
"   (constructor (cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>))))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define pine64-image-type\n"
"  (image-type\n"
"   (name 'pine64-raw)\n"
"   (constructor (cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>))))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1705
msgid "It's using a record we haven't talked about yet, the @code{image-type} record, defined this way:"
msgstr "Elle utilise un enregistrement dont nous n'avons pas encore parlé, l'enregistrement @code{image-type}, défini de cette façon :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1712
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-record-type* <image-type>\n"
"  image-type make-image-type\n"
"  image-type?\n"
"  (name           image-type-name) ;symbol\n"
"  (constructor    image-type-constructor)) ;<operating-system> -> <image>\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-record-type* <image-type>\n"
"  image-type make-image-type\n"
"  image-type?\n"
"  (name           image-type-name) ;symbol\n"
"  (constructor    image-type-constructor)) ;<operating-system> -> <image>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1718
msgid "The main purpose of this record is to associate a name to a procedure transforming an @code{operating-system} to an image.  To understand why it is necessary, let's have a look to the command producing an image from an @code{operating-system} configuration file:"
msgstr "Le but principal de cet enregistrement est d'associer un nom à une procédure transformant un @code{operating-system} en une image. Pour comprendre pourquoi c'est nécessaire, voyons la commande produisant une image à partir d'un fichier de configuration de type @code{operating-system} :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1721
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix system image my-os.scm\n"
msgstr "guix system image my-os.scm\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1727
msgid "This command expects an @code{operating-system} configuration but how should we indicate that we want an image targeting a Pine64 board? We need to provide an extra information, the @code{image-type}, by passing the @code{--image-type} or @code{-t} flag, this way:"
msgstr "Cette commande demande une configuration de type @code{operating-system} mais comment indiquer que l'on veut cibler une carte Pine64 ? Nous devons fournir l'information supplémentaire, @code{image-type}, en passant le drapeau @code{--image-type} ou @code{-t}, de cette manière :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1730
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-os.scm\n"
msgstr "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-os.scm\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1736
msgid "This @code{image-type} parameter points to the @code{pine64-image-type} defined above. Hence, the @code{operating-system} declared in @code{my-os.scm} will be applied the @code{(cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>)} procedure to turn it into an image."
msgstr "Ce paramètre @code{image-type} pointe vers le @code{pine64-image-type} défini plus haut. Ainsi, la déclaration @code{operating-system} dans @code{my-os.scm} se verra appliquée la procédure @code{[cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>)} pour la transformer en une image."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1738
msgid "The resulting image looks like:"
msgstr "L'image qui en résulte ressemble à ceci :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1748
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(image\n"
" (format 'disk-image)\n"
" (target \"aarch64-linux-gnu\")\n"
" (operating-system my-os)\n"
" (partitions\n"
"  (list (partition\n"
"         (inherit root-partition)\n"
"         (offset root-offset)))))\n"
msgstr ""
"(image\n"
" (format 'disk-image)\n"
" (target \"aarch64-linux-gnu\")\n"
" (operating-system my-os)\n"
" (partitions\n"
"  (list (partition\n"
"         (inherit root-partition)\n"
"         (offset root-offset)))))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1752
msgid "which is the aggregation of the @code{operating-system} defined in @code{my-os.scm} to the @code{arm64-disk-image} record."
msgstr "qui ajoute l'objet @code{operating-system} défini dans @code{my-os.scm} à l'enregistrement @code{arm64-disk-image}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1754
msgid "But enough Scheme madness. What does this image API bring to the Guix user?"
msgstr "Mais assez de cette folie. Qu'est-ce que cette API pour les images apporte aux utilisateurs et utilisatrices ?"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1756
msgid "One can run:"
msgstr "On peut lancer :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1760
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mathieu@@cervin:~$ guix system --list-image-types\n"
"The available image types are:\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"mathieu@@cervin:~$ guix system --list-image-types\n"
"Les types d'image disponibles sont :\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1772
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"   - pinebook-pro-raw\n"
"   - pine64-raw\n"
"   - novena-raw\n"
"   - hurd-raw\n"
"   - hurd-qcow2\n"
"   - qcow2\n"
"   - uncompressed-iso9660\n"
"   - efi-raw\n"
"   - arm64-raw\n"
"   - arm32-raw\n"
"   - iso9660\n"
msgstr ""
"   - pinebook-pro-raw\n"
"   - pine64-raw\n"
"   - novena-raw\n"
"   - hurd-raw\n"
"   - hurd-qcow2\n"
"   - qcow2\n"
"   - uncompressed-iso9660\n"
"   - efi-raw\n"
"   - arm64-raw\n"
"   - arm32-raw\n"
"   - iso9660\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1777
msgid "and by writing an @code{operating-system} file based on @code{pine64-barebones-os}, you can customize your image to your preferences in a file (@file{my-pine-os.scm}) like this:"
msgstr "et en écrivant un fichier de type @code{operating-system} basé sur @code{pine64-barebones-os}, vous pouvez personnaliser votre image selon vos préférences dasn un fichier (@file{my-pine-os.scm}) de cette manière :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1781
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(use-modules (gnu services linux)\n"
"             (gnu system images pine64))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(use-modules (gnu services linux)\n"
"             (gnu system images pine64))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1792
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(let ((base-os pine64-barebones-os))\n"
"  (operating-system\n"
"    (inherit base-os)\n"
"    (timezone \"America/Indiana/Indianapolis\")\n"
"    (services\n"
"     (cons\n"
"      (service earlyoom-service-type\n"
"               (earlyoom-configuration\n"
"                (prefer-regexp \"icecat|chromium\")))\n"
"      (operating-system-user-services base-os)))))\n"
msgstr ""
"(let ((base-os pine64-barebones-os))\n"
"  (operating-system\n"
"    (inherit base-os)\n"
"    (timezone \"America/Indiana/Indianapolis\")\n"
"    (services\n"
"     (cons\n"
"      (service earlyoom-service-type\n"
"               (earlyoom-configuration\n"
"                (prefer-regexp \"icecat|chromium\")))\n"
"      (operating-system-user-services base-os)))))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1795
msgid "run:"
msgstr "lancez :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1798
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-pine-os.scm\n"
msgstr "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-pine-os.scm\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1801
msgid "or,"
msgstr "ou bien,"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1804
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix system image --image-type=hurd-raw my-hurd-os.scm\n"
msgstr "guix system image --image-type=hurd-raw my-hurd-os.scm\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1808
msgid "to get an image that can be written directly to a hard drive and booted from."
msgstr "pour récupérer une image que vous pouvez écrire sur un disque dur pour démarrer dessus."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1810
msgid "Without changing anything to @code{my-hurd-os.scm}, calling:"
msgstr "Sans rien changer à @code{my-hurd-os.scm}, en appelant :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1813
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix system image --image-type=hurd-qcow2 my-hurd-os.scm\n"
msgstr "guix system image --image-type=hurd-qcow2 my-hurd-os.scm\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1816
msgid "will instead produce a Hurd QEMU image."
msgstr "vous aurez une image QEMU pour le Hurd à la place."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1823
msgid "To connect to a Wireguard VPN server you need the kernel module to be loaded in memory and a package providing networking tools that support it (e.g.  @code{wireguard-tools} or @code{network-manager})."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1827
msgid "Here is a configuration example for Linux-Libre < 5.6, where the module is out of tree and need to be loaded manually---following revisions of the kernel have it built-in and so don't need such configuration:"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1832
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
"(use-service-modules desktop)\n"
"(use-package-modules vpn)\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1841
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(operating-system\n"
"  ;; …\n"
"  (services (cons (simple-service 'wireguard-module\n"
"                                  kernel-module-loader-service-type\n"
"                                  '(\"wireguard\"))\n"
"                  %desktop-services))\n"
"  (packages (cons wireguard-tools %base-packages))\n"
"  (kernel-loadable-modules (list wireguard-linux-compat)))\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1845
msgid "After reconfiguring and restarting your system you can either use Wireguard tools or NetworkManager to connect to a VPN server."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1846
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using Wireguard tools"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1852
msgid "To test your Wireguard setup it is convenient to use @command{wg-quick}.  Just give it a configuration file @command{wg-quick up ./wg0.conf}; or put that file in @file{/etc/wireguard} and run @command{wg-quick up wg0} instead."
msgstr ""

#. type: quotation
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1853
#, no-wrap
msgid "Note"
msgstr "Remarque"

#. type: quotation
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1856
msgid "Be warned that the author described this command as a: “[…] very quick and dirty bash script […]”."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1858
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using NetworkManager"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1866
msgid "Thanks to NetworkManager support for Wireguard we can connect to our VPN using @command{nmcli} command.  Up to this point this guide assumes that you're using Network Manager service provided by @code{%desktop-services}.  Ortherwise you need to adjust your services list to load @code{network-manager-service-type} and reconfigure your Guix system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1868
msgid "To import your VPN configuration execute nmcli import command:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1872
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# nmcli connection import type wireguard file wg0.conf\n"
"Connection 'wg0' (edbee261-aa5a-42db-b032-6c7757c60fde) successfully added\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1877
msgid "This will create a configuration file in @file{/etc/NetworkManager/wg0.nmconnection}.  Next connect to the Wireguard server:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1881
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ nmcli connection up wg0\n"
"Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1885
msgid "By default NetworkManager will connect automatically on system boot.  To change that behaviour you need to edit your config:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1888
#, no-wrap
msgid "# nmcli connection modify wg0 connection.autoconnect no\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1893
msgid "For more specific information about NetworkManager and wireguard @uref{https://blogs.gnome.org/thaller/2019/03/15/wireguard-in-networkmanager/,see this post by thaller}."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1896
#, no-wrap
msgid "wm"
msgstr "wm"

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1898 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1899
#, no-wrap
msgid "StumpWM"
msgstr "StumpWM"

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1900
#, no-wrap
msgid "stumpwm"
msgstr "stumpwm"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1905
msgid "You could install StumpWM with a Guix system by adding @code{stumpwm} and optionally @code{`(,stumpwm \"lib\")} packages to a system configuration file, e.g.@: @file{/etc/config.scm}."
msgstr "Vous pouvez installer StumpWM sur un système Guix en ajoutant @code{stumwm} et éventuellement @code{`(,stumpwm \"lib\")} dans les paquets du fichier de système d'exploitation, p.@: ex.@: @file{/etc/config.scm}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1907
msgid "An example configuration can look like this:"
msgstr "Voici un exemple de configuration :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1911
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
"(use-package-modules wm)\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
"(use-package-modules wm)\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1916
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(operating-system\n"
"  ;; …\n"
"  (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
"                    %base-packages)))\n"
msgstr ""
"(operating-system\n"
"  ;; …\n"
"  (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
"                    %base-packages)))\n"

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1918
#, no-wrap
msgid "stumpwm fonts"
msgstr "polices stumpwm"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1922
msgid "By default StumpWM uses X11 fonts, which could be small or pixelated on your system.  You could fix this by installing StumpWM contrib Lisp module @code{sbcl-ttf-fonts}, adding it to Guix system packages:"
msgstr "Par défaut StumpWM utilise les polices X11, qui peuvent être petites ou pixelisées sur votre système. Vous pouvez corriger cela en installant le module Lisp pour StumpWM @code{sbcl-ttf-fonts}, en l'ajoutant aux paquets de votre système :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1926
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
"(use-package-modules fonts wm)\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
"(use-package-modules fonts wm)\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1931
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(operating-system\n"
"  ;; …\n"
"  (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
"                    sbcl-ttf-fonts font-dejavu %base-packages)))\n"
msgstr ""
"(operating-system\n"
"  ;; …\n"
"  (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
"                    sbcl-ttf-fonts font-dejavu %base-packages)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1935
msgid "Then you need to add the following code to a StumpWM configuration file @file{~/.stumpwm.d/init.lisp}:"
msgstr "Ensuite vous devrez ajouter le code suivant à au fichier de configuration de StumpWM @file{~/.stumpwm.d/init.lisp} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1942
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(require :ttf-fonts)\n"
"(setf xft:*font-dirs* '(\"/run/current-system/profile/share/fonts/\"))\n"
"(setf clx-truetype:+font-cache-filename+ (concat (getenv \"HOME\") \"/.fonts/font-cache.sexp\"))\n"
"(xft:cache-fonts)\n"
"(set-font (make-instance 'xft:font :family \"DejaVu Sans Mono\" :subfamily \"Book\" :size 11))\n"
msgstr ""
"(require :ttf-fonts)\n"
"(setf xft:*font-dirs* '(\"/run/current-system/profile/share/fonts/\"))\n"
"(setf clx-truetype:+font-cache-filename+ (concat (getenv \"HOME\") \"/.fonts/font-cache.sexp\"))\n"
"(xft:cache-fonts)\n"
"(set-font (make-instance 'xft:font :family \"DejaVu Sans Mono\" :subfamily \"Book\" :size 11))\n"

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1944 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1945
#, no-wrap
msgid "Session lock"
msgstr "Verrouillage de session"

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1946
#, no-wrap
msgid "sessionlock"
msgstr "verrouillage de session"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1952
msgid "Depending on your environment, locking the screen of your session might come built in or it might be something you have to set up yourself. If you use a desktop environment like GNOME or KDE, it's usually built in. If you use a plain window manager like StumpWM or EXWM, you might have to set it up yourself."
msgstr "En fonction de votre environnement, le verrouillage de l'écran peut être inclus, ou vous devrez le configurer vous-même. La fonctionnalité est souvent intégrée aux environnements de bureau comme GNOME ou KDE. Si vous utilisez un gestionnaire de fenêtre comme StumpWM ou EXWM, vous devrez sans doute le configurer vous-même."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1953 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1954
#, no-wrap
msgid "Xorg"
msgstr "Xorg"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1960
msgid "If you use Xorg, you can use the utility @uref{https://www.mankier.com/1/xss-lock, xss-lock} to lock the screen of your session.  xss-lock is triggered by DPMS which since Xorg 1.8 is auto-detected and enabled if ACPI is also enabled at kernel runtime."
msgstr "Si vous utilisez Xorg, vous pouvez utiliser l'utilitaire @uref{https://www.mankier.com/1/xss-lock, xss-lock} pour verrouiller votre session. xss-lock est lancé par DPMS qui est détecté et activé automatiquement par Xorg 1.8 si ACPI est aussi activé à l'exécution dans le noyau."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1963
msgid "To use xss-lock, you can simple execute it and put it into the background before you start your window manager from e.g. your @file{~/.xsession}:"
msgstr "Pour utiliser xss-lock, vous pouvez simplement l'exécuter et le laisser tourner en tache de fond avant de démarrer votre gestionnaire de fenêtre, par exemple dans votre @file{~/.xsession} :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1967
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"xss-lock -- slock &\n"
"exec stumpwm\n"
msgstr ""
"xss-lock -- slock &\n"
"exec stumpwm\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1971
msgid "In this example, xss-lock uses @code{slock} to do the actual locking of the screen when it determines it's appropriate, like when you suspend your device."
msgstr "Dans cet exemple, xss-lock utilise @code{slock} pour effectivement verrouiller l'écran quand il pense que c'est nécessaire, comme lorsque vous mettez votre machine en veille."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1975
msgid "For slock to be allowed to be a screen locker for the graphical session, it needs to be made setuid-root so it can authenticate users, and it needs a PAM service. This can be achieved by adding the following service to your @file{config.scm}:"
msgstr "Pour que slock puisse verrouiller l'écran de la session graphique, il doit être en setuid-root pour qu'il puisse authentifier les utilisateurs, et il a besoin d'un service PAM. On peut y arriver en ajoutant le service suivant dans notre @file{config.scm} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1978
#, no-wrap
msgid "(screen-locker-service slock)\n"
msgstr "(screen-locker-service slock)\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1984
msgid "If you manually lock your screen, e.g. by directly calling slock when you want to lock your screen but not suspend it, it's a good idea to notify xss-lock about this so no confusion occurs. This can be done by executing @code{xset s activate} immediately before you execute slock."
msgstr "Si vous verrouillez l'écran manuellement, p.@: ex.@: en appelant slock directement si vous voulez verrouiller l'écran sans mettre l'ordinateur en veille, il vaut mieux notifier xss-lock pour éviter la confusion. Vous pouvez faire cela en exécutant @code{xset s activate} juste avant d'exécuter slock."

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1987
#, no-wrap
msgid "linode, Linode"
msgstr "linode, Linode"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1992
msgid "To run Guix on a server hosted by @uref{https://www.linode.com, Linode}, start with a recommended Debian server.  We recommend using the default distro as a way to bootstrap Guix. Create your SSH keys."
msgstr "Pour lancer Guix sur un serveur hébergé par @uref{https://www.linode.com, Linode}, commencez par un serveur Debian recommandé. Nous vous recommandons d'utiliser la distribution par défaut pour amorcer Guix. Créez vos clés SSH."

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1995
#, no-wrap
msgid "ssh-keygen\n"
msgstr "ssh-keygen\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2001
msgid "Be sure to add your SSH key for easy login to the remote server.  This is trivially done via Linode's graphical interface for adding SSH keys.  Go to your profile and click add SSH Key.  Copy into it the output of:"
msgstr "Assurez-vous d'ajouter votre clé SSH pour vous connecter facilement sur le serveur distant. C'est facilité par l'interface graphique de Linode. Allez sur votre profil et cliquez sur le bouton pour ajouter une clé SSH. Copiez la sortie de :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2004
#, no-wrap
msgid "cat ~/.ssh/<username>_rsa.pub\n"
msgstr "cat ~/.ssh/<username>_rsa.pub\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2008
msgid "Power the Linode down. In the Linode's Disks/Configurations tab, resize the Debian disk to be smaller. 30 GB is recommended."
msgstr "Éteignez le serveur Linode. Dans l'onglet Disks/Configurations de Linode, redimensionnez le disque Debian pour être plus petit. Nous vous recommandons de choisir 30 Go."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2010
msgid "In the Linode settings, \"Add a disk\", with the following:"
msgstr "Dans les paramètres de Linode, « Add a disk » avec ce qui suit :"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2013
msgid "Label: \"Guix\""
msgstr "Label: \"Guix\""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2016
msgid "Filesystem: ext4"
msgstr "Filesystem: ext4"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2019
msgid "Set it to the remaining size"
msgstr "Donnez-lui la taille restante"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2024
msgid "On the \"configuration\" field that comes with the default image, press \"...\" and select \"Edit\", then on that menu add to @file{/dev/sdc} the \"Guix\" label."
msgstr "Dans le champ « configuration » de l'image par défaut, cliquez sur « … » et choisissez « Edit », puis sur le menu ajoutez l'étiquette « Guix » à @file{/dev/sdc}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2026
msgid "Now \"Add a Configuration\", with the following:"
msgstr "Maintenant « Add a Configuration », avec ce qui suit :"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2029
msgid "Label: Guix"
msgstr "Label: Guix"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2032
msgid "Kernel:GRUB 2 (it's at the bottom! This step is @b{IMPORTANT!})"
msgstr "Kernel: GRUB 2 (c'est à la toute fin ! Cette étape est @b{IMPORTANTE !})"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2035
msgid "Block device assignment:"
msgstr "Périphériques blocs assignés :"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2038
msgid "@file{/dev/sda}: Guix"
msgstr "@file{/dev/sda} : Guix"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2041
msgid "@file{/dev/sdb}: swap"
msgstr "@file{/dev/sdb} : swap"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2044
msgid "Root device: @file{/dev/sda}"
msgstr "Périphérique racine : @file{/dev/sda}"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2047
msgid "Turn off all the filesystem/boot helpers"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2054
msgid "Now power it back up, picking the Debian configuration.  Once it's booted up, ssh in your server via @code{ssh root@@@var{<your-server-IP-here>}}. (You can find your server IP address in your Linode Summary section.) Now you can run the \"install guix from @pxref{Binary Installation,,, guix, GNU Guix}\" steps:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2062
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sudo apt-get install gpg\n"
"wget https://sv.gnu.org/people/viewgpg.php?user_id=15145 -qO - | gpg --import -\n"
"wget https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guix.git/plain/etc/guix-install.sh\n"
"chmod +x guix-install.sh\n"
"./guix-install.sh\n"
"guix pull\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2066
msgid "Now it's time to write out a config for the server.  The key information is below. Save the resulting file as @file{guix-config.scm}."
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2077
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(use-modules (gnu)\n"
"             (guix modules))\n"
"(use-service-modules networking\n"
"                     ssh)\n"
"(use-package-modules admin\n"
"                     certs\n"
"                     package-management\n"
"                     ssh\n"
"                     tls)\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2094
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(operating-system\n"
"  (host-name \"my-server\")\n"
"  (timezone \"America/New_York\")\n"
"  (locale \"en_US.UTF-8\")\n"
"  ;; This goofy code will generate the grub.cfg\n"
"  ;; without installing the grub bootloader on disk.\n"
"  (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
"               (bootloader\n"
"                (bootloader\n"
"                 (inherit grub-bootloader)\n"
"                 (installer #~(const #true))))))\n"
"  (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
"                        (device \"/dev/sda\")\n"
"                        (mount-point \"/\")\n"
"                        (type \"ext4\"))\n"
"                      %base-file-systems))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2097
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  (swap-devices (list \"/dev/sdb\"))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2101
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  (initrd-modules (cons \"virtio_scsi\"    ; Needed to find the disk\n"
"                        %base-initrd-modules))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2110
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  (users (cons (user-account\n"
"                (name \"janedoe\")\n"
"                (group \"users\")\n"
"                ;; Adding the account to the \"wheel\" group\n"
"                ;; makes it a sudoer.\n"
"                (supplementary-groups '(\"wheel\"))\n"
"                (home-directory \"/home/janedoe\"))\n"
"               %base-user-accounts))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2114
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  (packages (cons* nss-certs            ;for HTTPS access\n"
"                   openssh-sans-x\n"
"                   %base-packages))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2125
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  (services (cons*\n"
"             (service dhcp-client-service-type)\n"
"             (service openssh-service-type\n"
"                      (openssh-configuration\n"
"                       (openssh openssh-sans-x)\n"
"                       (password-authentication? #false)\n"
"                       (authorized-keys\n"
"                        `((\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))\n"
"                          (\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))))))\n"
"             %base-services)))\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2128
msgid "Replace the following fields in the above configuration:"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2136
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(host-name \"my-server\")       ; replace with your server name\n"
"; if you chose a linode server outside the U.S., then\n"
"; use tzselect to find a correct timezone string\n"
"(timezone \"America/New_York\") ; if needed replace timezone\n"
"(name \"janedoe\")              ; replace with your username\n"
"(\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; replace with your ssh key\n"
"(\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; replace with your ssh key\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2142
msgid "The last line in the above example lets you log into the server as root and set the initial root password.  After you have done this, you may delete that line from your configuration and reconfigure to prevent root login."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2147
msgid "Save your ssh public key (eg: @file{~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub}) as @file{@var{<your-username-here>}_rsa.pub} and your @file{guix-config.scm} in the same directory.  In a new terminal run these commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2152
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sftp root@@<remote server ip address>\n"
"put /home/<username>/ssh/id_rsa.pub .\n"
"put /path/to/linode/guix-config.scm .\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2155
msgid "In your first terminal, mount the guix drive:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2159
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mkdir /mnt/guix\n"
"mount /dev/sdc /mnt/guix\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2164
msgid "Due to the way we set things up above, we do not install GRUB completely.  Instead we install only our grub configuration file.  So we need to copy over some of the other GRUB stuff that is already there:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2168
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mkdir -p /mnt/guix/boot/grub\n"
"cp -r /boot/grub/* /mnt/guix/boot/grub/\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2171
msgid "Now initialize the Guix installation:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2174
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix system init guix-config.scm /mnt/guix\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2178
msgid "Ok, power it down! Now from the Linode console, select boot and select \"Guix\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2181
msgid "Once it boots, you should be able to log in via SSH! (The server config will have changed though.)  You may encounter an error like:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2197
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ssh root@@<server ip address>\n"
"@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
"@    WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!     @\n"
"@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
"IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!\n"
"Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!\n"
"It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.\n"
"The fingerprint for the ECDSA key sent by the remote host is\n"
"SHA256:0B+wp33w57AnKQuHCvQP0+ZdKaqYrI/kyU7CfVbS7R4.\n"
"Please contact your system administrator.\n"
"Add correct host key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.\n"
"Offending ECDSA key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts:3\n"
"ECDSA host key for 198.58.98.76 has changed and you have requested strict checking.\n"
"Host key verification failed.\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2201
msgid "Either delete @file{~/.ssh/known_hosts} file, or delete the offending line starting with your server IP address."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2203
msgid "Be sure to set your password and root's password."
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2208
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"ssh root@@<remote ip address>\n"
"passwd  ; for the root password\n"
"passwd <username> ; for the user password\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2215
msgid "You may not be able to run the above commands at this point.  If you have issues remotely logging into your linode box via SSH, then you may still need to set your root and user password initially by clicking on the ``Launch Console'' option in your linode.  Choose the ``Glish'' instead of ``Weblish''.  Now you should be able to ssh into the machine."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2219
msgid "Horray! At this point you can shut down the server, delete the Debian disk, and resize the Guix to the rest of the size.  Congratulations!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2224
msgid "By the way, if you save it as a disk image right at this point, you'll have an easy time spinning up new Guix images! You may need to down-size the Guix image to 6144MB, to save it as an image.  Then you can resize it again to the max size."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2233
msgid "To bind mount a file system, one must first set up some definitions before the @code{operating-system} section of the system definition.  In this example we will bind mount a folder from a spinning disk drive to @file{/tmp}, to save wear and tear on the primary SSD, without dedicating an entire partition to be mounted as @file{/tmp}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2236
msgid "First, the source drive that hosts the folder we wish to bind mount should be defined, so that the bind mount can depend on it."
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2243
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define source-drive ;; \"source-drive\" can be named anything you want.\n"
"   (file-system\n"
"    (device (uuid \"UUID goes here\"))\n"
"    (mount-point \"/path-to-spinning-disk-goes-here\")\n"
"    (type \"ext4\"))) ;; Make sure to set this to the appropriate type for your drive.\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2247
msgid "The source folder must also be defined, so that guix will know it's not a regular block device, but a folder."
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2249
#, no-wrap
msgid "(define (%source-directory) \"/path-to-spinning-disk-goes-here/tmp\") ;; \"source-directory\" can be named any valid variable name.\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2253
msgid "Finally, inside the @code{file-systems} definition, we must add the mount itself."
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2256
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(file-systems (cons*\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2258
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"                ...<other drives omitted for clarity>...\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2260
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"                source-drive ;; Must match the name you gave the source drive in the earlier definition.\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2268
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"                (file-system\n"
"                 (device (%source-directory)) ;; Make sure \"source-directory\" matches your earlier definition.\n"
"                 (mount-point \"/tmp\")\n"
"                 (type \"none\") ;; We are mounting a folder, not a partition, so this type needs to be \"none\"\n"
"                 (flags '(bind-mount))\n"
"                 (dependencies (list source-drive)) ;; Ensure \"source-drive\" matches what you've named the variable for the drive.\n"
"                 )\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2270
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"                 ...<other drives omitted for clarity>...\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2272
#, no-wrap
msgid "                ))\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2279
msgid "Guix daemon can use a HTTP proxy to get substitutes, here we are configuring it to get them via Tor."
msgstr ""

#. type: quotation
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2280
#, no-wrap
msgid "Warning"
msgstr "Attention"

#. type: quotation
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2286
msgid "@emph{Not all} Guix daemon's traffic will go through Tor! Only HTTP/HTTPS will get proxied; FTP, Git protocol, SSH, etc connections will still go through the clearnet.  Again, this configuration isn't foolproof some of your traffic won't get routed by Tor at all.  Use it at your own risk."
msgstr ""

#. type: quotation
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2292
msgid "Also note that the procedure described here applies only to package substitution. When you update your guix distribution with @command{guix pull}, you still need to use @command{torsocks} if you want to route the connection to guix's git repository servers through Tor."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2297
msgid "Guix's substitute server is available as a Onion service, if you want to use it to get your substitutes through Tor configure your system as follow:"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2301
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
"(use-service-module base networking)\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2317
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(operating-system\n"
"  …\n"
"  (services\n"
"    (cons\n"
"      (service tor-service-type\n"
"              (tor-configuration\n"
"                (config-file (plain-file \"tor-config\"\n"
"                                         \"HTTPTunnelPort 127.0.0.1:9250\"))))\n"
"      (modify-services %base-services\n"
"        (guix-service-type\n"
"          config => (guix-configuration\n"
"                      (inherit config)\n"
"                      ;; ci.guix.gnu.org's Onion service\n"
"                      (substitute-urls \"https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion\")\n"
"                      (http-proxy \"http://localhost:9250\")))))))\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2326
msgid "This will keep a tor process running that provides a HTTP CONNECT tunnel which will be used by @command{guix-daemon}.  The daemon can use other protocols than HTTP(S) to get remote resources, request using those protocols won't go through Tor since we are only setting a HTTP tunnel here.  Note that @code{substitutes-urls} is using HTTPS and not HTTP or it won't work, that's a limitation of Tor's tunnel; you may want to use @command{privoxy} instead to avoid such limitations."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2330
msgid "If you don't want to always get substitutes through Tor but using it just some of the times, then skip the @code{guix-configuration}.  When you want to get a substitute from the Tor tunnel run:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2334
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sudo herd set-http-proxy guix-daemon http://localhost:9250\n"
"guix build --substitute-urls=https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion …\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2338
#, no-wrap
msgid "nginx, lua, openresty, resty"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2341
msgid "NGINX could be extended with Lua scripts."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2344
msgid "Guix provides NGINX service with ability to load Lua module and specific Lua packages, and reply to requests by evaluating Lua scripts."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2348
msgid "The following example demonstrates system definition with configuration to evaluate @file{index.lua} Lua script on HTTP request to @uref{http://localhost/hello} endpoint:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2351
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"local shell = require \"resty.shell\"\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2355
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"local stdin = \"\"\n"
"local timeout = 1000  -- ms\n"
"local max_size = 4096  -- byte\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2358
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"local ok, stdout, stderr, reason, status =\n"
"   shell.run([[/run/current-system/profile/bin/ls /tmp]], stdin, timeout, max_size)\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2360
#, no-wrap
msgid "ngx.say(stdout)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2391
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
"(use-service-modules #;… web)\n"
"(use-package-modules #;… lua)\n"
"(operating-system\n"
"  ;; …\n"
"  (services\n"
"   ;; …\n"
"   (service nginx-service-type\n"
"            (nginx-configuration\n"
"             (modules\n"
"              (list\n"
"               (file-append nginx-lua-module \"/etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_lua_module.so\")))\n"
"             (lua-package-path (list lua-resty-core\n"
"                                     lua-resty-lrucache\n"
"                                     lua-resty-signal\n"
"                                     lua-tablepool\n"
"                                     lua-resty-shell))\n"
"             (lua-package-cpath (list lua-resty-signal))\n"
"             (server-blocks\n"
"              (list (nginx-server-configuration\n"
"                     (server-name '(\"localhost\"))\n"
"                     (listen '(\"80\"))\n"
"                     (root \"/etc\")\n"
"                     (locations (list\n"
"                                 (nginx-location-configuration\n"
"                                  (uri \"/hello\")\n"
"                                  (body (list #~(format #f \"content_by_lua_file ~s;\"\n"
"                                                        #$(local-file \"index.lua\"))))))))))))))\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2402
msgid "Guix is a functional package manager that offers many features beyond what more traditional package managers can do.  To the uninitiated, those features might not have obvious use cases at first.  The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate some advanced package management concepts."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2405
msgid "@pxref{Package Management,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a complete reference."
msgstr ""

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2408 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2410
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2411
#, no-wrap
msgid "Guix Profiles in Practice"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2408
msgid "Strategies for multiple profiles and manifests."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2416
msgid "Guix provides a very useful feature that may be quite foreign to newcomers: @emph{profiles}.  They are a way to group package installations together and all users on the same system are free to use as many profiles as they want."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2421
msgid "Whether you're a developer or not, you may find that multiple profiles bring you great power and flexibility.  While they shift the paradigm somewhat compared to @emph{traditional package managers}, they are very convenient to use once you've understood how to set them up."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2427
msgid "If you are familiar with Python's @samp{virtualenv}, you can think of a profile as a kind of universal @samp{virtualenv} that can hold any kind of software whatsoever, not just Python software.  Furthermore, profiles are self-sufficient: they capture all the runtime dependencies which guarantees that all programs within a profile will always work at any point in time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2429
msgid "Multiple profiles have many benefits:"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2433
msgid "Clean semantic separation of the various packages a user needs for different contexts."
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2437
msgid "Multiple profiles can be made available into the environment either on login or within a dedicated shell."
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2441
msgid "Profiles can be loaded on demand.  For instance, the user can use multiple shells, each of them running different profiles."
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2446
msgid "Isolation: Programs from one profile will not use programs from the other, and the user can even install different versions of the same programs to the two profiles without conflict."
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2450
msgid "Deduplication: Profiles share dependencies that happens to be the exact same.  This makes multiple profiles storage-efficient."
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2458
msgid "Reproducible: when used with declarative manifests, a profile can be fully specified by the Guix commit that was active when it was set up.  This means that the exact same profile can be @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog/2018/multi-dimensional-transactions-and-rollbacks-oh-my/, set up anywhere and anytime}, with just the commit information.  See the section on @ref{Reproducible profiles}."
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2462
msgid "Easier upgrades and maintenance: Multiple profiles make it easy to keep package listings at hand and make upgrades completely frictionless."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2465
msgid "Concretely, here follows some typical profiles:"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2469
msgid "The dependencies of a project you are working on."
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2472
msgid "Your favourite programming language libraries."
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2475
msgid "Laptop-specific programs (like @samp{powertop}) that you don't need on a desktop."
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2479
msgid "@TeX{}live (this one can be really useful when you need to install just one package for this one document you've just received over email)."
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2482
msgid "Games."
msgstr "Jeux."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2485
msgid "Let's dive in the set up!"
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2486 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2487
#, no-wrap
msgid "Basic setup with manifests"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2491
msgid "A Guix profile can be set up @emph{via} a so-called @emph{manifest specification} that looks like this:"
msgstr ""

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2501
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(specifications->manifest\n"
"  '(\"package-1\"\n"
"    ;; Version 1.3 of package-2.\n"
"    \"package-2@@1.3\"\n"
"    ;; The \"lib\" output of package-3.\n"
"    \"package-3:lib\"\n"
"    ; ...\n"
"    \"package-N\"))\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2505
msgid "@pxref{Invoking guix package,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for the syntax details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2507
msgid "We can create a manifest specification per profile and install them this way:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2512
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
"mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project # if it does not exist yet\n"
"guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2516
msgid "Here we set an arbitrary variable @samp{GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES} to point to the directory where we will store our profiles in the rest of this article."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2522
msgid "Placing all your profiles in a single directory, with each profile getting its own sub-directory, is somewhat cleaner.  This way, each sub-directory will contain all the symlinks for precisely one profile.  Besides, ``looping over profiles'' becomes obvious from any programming language (e.g.@: a shell script) by simply looping over the sub-directories of @samp{$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2524
msgid "Note that it's also possible to loop over the output of"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2527
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix package --list-profiles\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2530
msgid "although you'll probably have to filter out @file{~/.config/guix/current}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2532
msgid "To enable all profiles on login, add this to your @file{~/.bash_profile} (or similar):"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2542
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"for i in $GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/*; do\n"
"  profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
"  if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
"    GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
"    . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
"  fi\n"
"  unset profile\n"
"done\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2547
msgid "Note to Guix System users: the above reflects how your default profile @file{~/.guix-profile} is activated from @file{/etc/profile}, that latter being loaded by @file{~/.bashrc} by default."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2549
msgid "You can obviously choose to only enable a subset of them:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2559
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"for i in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-1 \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-2; do\n"
"  profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
"  if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
"    GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
"    . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
"  fi\n"
"  unset profile\n"
"done\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2563
msgid "When a profile is off, it's straightforward to enable it for an individual shell without \"polluting\" the rest of the user session:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2566
#, no-wrap
msgid "GUIX_PROFILE=\"path/to/my-project\" ; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2573
msgid "The key to enabling a profile is to @emph{source} its @samp{etc/profile} file.  This file contains shell code that exports the right environment variables necessary to activate the software contained in the profile.  It is built automatically by Guix and meant to be sourced.  It contains the same variables you would get if you ran:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2576
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix package --search-paths=prefix --profile=$my_profile\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2580
msgid "Once again, see (@pxref{Invoking guix package,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})  for the command line options."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2582
msgid "To upgrade a profile, simply install the manifest again:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2585
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix package -m /path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2591
msgid "To upgrade all profiles, it's easy enough to loop over them.  For instance, assuming your manifest specifications are stored in @file{~/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm}, with @samp{$profile} being the name of the profile (e.g.@: \"project1\"), you could do the following in Bourne shell:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2596
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"for profile in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/*; do\n"
"  guix package --profile=\"$profile\" --manifest=\"$HOME/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm\"\n"
"done\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2599
msgid "Each profile has its own generations:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2602
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --list-generations\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2605
msgid "You can roll-back to any generation of a given profile:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2608
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --switch-generations=17\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2612
msgid "Finally, if you want to switch to a profile without inheriting from the current environment, you can activate it from an empty shell:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2616
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"env -i $(which bash) --login --noprofile --norc\n"
". my-project/etc/profile\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2618 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2619
#, no-wrap
msgid "Required packages"
msgstr "Paquets requis"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2624
msgid "Activating a profile essentially boils down to exporting a bunch of environmental variables.  This is the role of the @samp{etc/profile} within the profile."
msgstr ""

#. type: emph{#1}
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2627
msgid "Note: Only the environmental variables of the packages that consume them will be set."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2631
msgid "For instance, @samp{MANPATH} won't be set if there is no consumer application for man pages within the profile.  So if you need to transparently access man pages once the profile is loaded, you've got two options:"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2635
msgid "Either export the variable manually, e.g."
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2637
#, no-wrap
msgid "export MANPATH=/path/to/profile$@{MANPATH:+:@}$MANPATH\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2641
msgid "Or include @samp{man-db} to the profile manifest."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2645
msgid "The same is true for @samp{INFOPATH} (you can install @samp{info-reader}), @samp{PKG_CONFIG_PATH} (install @samp{pkg-config}), etc."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2646 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2647
#, no-wrap
msgid "Default profile"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2650
msgid "What about the default profile that Guix keeps in @file{~/.guix-profile}?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2653
msgid "You can assign it the role you want.  Typically you would install the manifest of the packages you want to use all the time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2657
msgid "Alternatively, you could keep it ``manifest-less'' for throw-away packages that you would just use for a couple of days.  This way makes it convenient to run"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2661
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"guix install package-foo\n"
"guix upgrade package-bar\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2664
msgid "without having to specify the path to a profile."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2665 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2666
#, no-wrap
msgid "The benefits of manifests"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2670
msgid "Manifests are a convenient way to keep your package lists around and, say, to synchronize them across multiple machines using a version control system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2674
msgid "A common complaint about manifests is that they can be slow to install when they contain large number of packages.  This is especially cumbersome when you just want get an upgrade for one package within a big manifest."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2679
msgid "This is one more reason to use multiple profiles, which happen to be just perfect to break down manifests into multiple sets of semantically connected packages.  Using multiple, small profiles provides more flexibility and usability."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2681
msgid "Manifests come with multiple benefits.  In particular, they ease maintenance:"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2689
msgid "When a profile is set up from a manifest, the manifest itself is self-sufficient to keep a ``package listing'' around and reinstall the profile later or on a different system.  For ad-hoc profiles, we would need to generate a manifest specification manually and maintain the package versions for the packages that don't use the default version."
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2694
msgid "@code{guix package --upgrade} always tries to update the packages that have propagated inputs, even if there is nothing to do.  Guix manifests remove this problem."
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2700
msgid "When partially upgrading a profile, conflicts may arise (due to diverging dependencies between the updated and the non-updated packages) and they can be annoying to resolve manually.  Manifests remove this problem altogether since all packages are always upgraded at once."
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2706
msgid "As mentioned above, manifests allow for reproducible profiles, while the imperative @code{guix install}, @code{guix upgrade}, etc. do not, since they produce different profiles every time even when they hold the same packages.  See @uref{https://issues.guix.gnu.org/issue/33285, the related discussion on the matter}."
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2714
msgid "Manifest specifications are usable by other @samp{guix} commands.  For example, you can run @code{guix weather -m manifest.scm} to see how many substitutes are available, which can help you decide whether you want to try upgrading today or wait a while.  Another example: you can run @code{guix pack -m manifest.scm} to create a pack containing all the packages in the manifest (and their transitive references)."
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2718
msgid "Finally, manifests have a Scheme representation, the @samp{<manifest>} record type.  They can be manipulated in Scheme and passed to the various Guix @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Api, APIs}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2726
msgid "It's important to understand that while manifests can be used to declare profiles, they are not strictly equivalent: profiles have the side effect that they ``pin'' packages in the store, which prevents them from being garbage-collected (@pxref{Invoking guix gc,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})  and ensures that they will still be available at any point in the future."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2728
msgid "Let's take an example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2734
msgid "We have an environment for hacking on a project for which there isn't a Guix package yet.  We build the environment using a manifest, and then run @code{guix environment -m manifest.scm}.  So far so good."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2740
msgid "Many weeks pass and we have run a couple of @code{guix pull} in the mean time.  Maybe a dependency from our manifest has been updated; or we may have run @code{guix gc} and some packages needed by our manifest have been garbage-collected."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2745
msgid "Eventually, we set to work on that project again, so we run @code{guix environment -m manifest.scm}.  But now we have to wait for Guix to build and install stuff!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2751
msgid "Ideally, we could spare the rebuild time.  And indeed we can, all we need is to install the manifest to a profile and use @code{GUIX_PROFILE=/the/profile; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile} as explained above: this guarantees that our hacking environment will be available at all times."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2754
msgid "@emph{Security warning:} While keeping old profiles around can be convenient, keep in mind that outdated packages may not have received the latest security fixes."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2755 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2756
#, no-wrap
msgid "Reproducible profiles"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2759
msgid "To reproduce a profile bit-for-bit, we need two pieces of information:"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2763
msgid "a manifest,"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2765
msgid "a Guix channel specification."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2769
msgid "Indeed, manifests alone might not be enough: different Guix versions (or different channels) can produce different outputs for a given manifest."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2773
msgid "You can output the Guix channel specification with @samp{guix describe --format=channels}.  Save this to a file, say @samp{channel-specs.scm}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2776
msgid "On another computer, you can use the channel specification file and the manifest to reproduce the exact same profile:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2780
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
"GUIX_EXTRA=$HOME/.guix-extra\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2783
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mkdir \"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project\n"
"guix pull --channels=channel-specs.scm --profile \"$GUIX_EXTRA/my-project/guix\"\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2786
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/my-project\"\n"
"\"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project/guix/bin/guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2790
msgid "It's safe to delete the Guix channel profile you've just installed with the channel specification, the project profile does not depend on it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2797
msgid "Guix provides multiple tools to manage environment.  This chapter demonstrate such utilities."
msgstr ""

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2800 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2802
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2803
#, no-wrap
msgid "Guix environment via direnv"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2800
msgid "Setup Guix environment with direnv"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2808
msgid "Guix provides a @samp{direnv} package, which could extend shell after directory change.  This tool could be used to prepare a pure Guix environment."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2814
msgid "The following example provides a shell function for @file{~/.direnvrc} file, which could be used from Guix Git repository in @file{~/src/guix/.envrc} file to setup a build environment similar to described in @pxref{Building from Git,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2816
msgid "Create a @file{~/.direnvrc} with a Bash code:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2834
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# Thanks <https://github.com/direnv/direnv/issues/73#issuecomment-152284914>\n"
"export_function()\n"
"@{\n"
"  local name=$1\n"
"  local alias_dir=$PWD/.direnv/aliases\n"
"  mkdir -p \"$alias_dir\"\n"
"  PATH_add \"$alias_dir\"\n"
"  local target=\"$alias_dir/$name\"\n"
"  if declare -f \"$name\" >/dev/null; then\n"
"    echo \"#!$SHELL\" > \"$target\"\n"
"    declare -f \"$name\" >> \"$target\" 2>/dev/null\n"
"    # Notice that we add shell variables to the function trigger.\n"
"    echo \"$name \\$*\" >> \"$target\"\n"
"    chmod +x \"$target\"\n"
"  fi\n"
"@}\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2839
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"use_guix()\n"
"@{\n"
"    # Set GitHub token.\n"
"    export GUIX_GITHUB_TOKEN=\"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\"\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2842
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Unset 'GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH'.\n"
"    export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=\"\"\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2851
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Recreate a garbage collector root.\n"
"    gcroots=\"$HOME/.config/guix/gcroots\"\n"
"    mkdir -p \"$gcroots\"\n"
"    gcroot=\"$gcroots/guix\"\n"
"    if [ -L \"$gcroot\" ]\n"
"    then\n"
"        rm -v \"$gcroot\"\n"
"    fi\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2866
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Miscellaneous packages.\n"
"    PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE=(\n"
"        direnv\n"
"        git\n"
"        git:send-email\n"
"        git-cal\n"
"        gnupg\n"
"        guile-colorized\n"
"        guile-readline\n"
"        less\n"
"        ncurses\n"
"        openssh\n"
"        xdot\n"
"    )\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2869
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Environment packages.\n"
"    PACKAGES=(help2man guile-sqlite3 guile-gcrypt)\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2872
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Thanks <https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2016-09/msg00859.html>\n"
"    eval \"$(guix environment --search-paths --root=\"$gcroot\" --pure guix --ad-hoc $@{PACKAGES[@@]@} $@{PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE[@@]@} \"$@@\")\"\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2879
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Predefine configure flags.\n"
"    configure()\n"
"    @{\n"
"        ./configure --localstatedir=/var --prefix=\n"
"    @}\n"
"    export_function configure\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2890
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Run make and optionally build something.\n"
"    build()\n"
"    @{\n"
"        make -j 2\n"
"        if [ $# -gt 0 ]\n"
"        then\n"
"            ./pre-inst-env guix build \"$@@\"\n"
"        fi\n"
"    @}\n"
"    export_function build\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2897
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Predefine push Git command.\n"
"    push()\n"
"    @{\n"
"        git push --set-upstream origin\n"
"    @}\n"
"    export_function push\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2900
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    clear                        # Clean up the screen.\n"
"    git-cal --author='Your Name' # Show contributions calendar.\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2908
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Show commands help.\n"
"    echo \"\n"
"build          build a package or just a project if no argument provided\n"
"configure      run ./configure with predefined parameters\n"
"push           push to upstream Git repository\n"
"\"\n"
"@}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2912
msgid "Every project containing @file{.envrc} with a string @code{use guix} will have predefined environment variables and procedures."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2914
msgid "Run @command{direnv allow} to setup the environment for the first time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2926
msgid "Guix is based on the @uref{https://nixos.org/nix/, Nix package manager}, which was designed and implemented by Eelco Dolstra, with contributions from other people (see the @file{nix/AUTHORS} file in Guix.)  Nix pioneered functional package management, and promoted unprecedented features, such as transactional package upgrades and rollbacks, per-user profiles, and referentially transparent build processes.  Without this work, Guix would not exist."
msgstr "Guix se base sur le @uref{https://nixos.org/nix/ gestionnaire de paquets Nix} conçu et implémenté par Eelco Dolstra, avec des contributions d'autres personnes (voir le fichier @file{nix/AUTHORS} dans Guix).  Nix a inventé la gestion de paquet fonctionnelle et promu des fonctionnalités sans précédents comme les mises à jour de paquets transactionnelles et les retours en arrière, les profils par utilisateurs et les processus de constructions transparents pour les références.  Sans ce travail, Guix n'existerait pas."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2929
msgid "The Nix-based software distributions, Nixpkgs and NixOS, have also been an inspiration for Guix."
msgstr "Les distributions logicielles basées sur Nix, Nixpkgs et NixOS, ont aussi été une inspiration pour Guix."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2935
msgid "GNU@tie{}Guix itself is a collective work with contributions from a number of people.  See the @file{AUTHORS} file in Guix for more information on these fine people.  The @file{THANKS} file lists people who have helped by reporting bugs, taking care of the infrastructure, providing artwork and themes, making suggestions, and more---thank you!"
msgstr "GNU@tie{}Guix lui-même est un travail collectif avec des contributions d'un grand nombre de personnes.  Voyez le fichier @file{AUTHORS} dans Guix pour plus d'information sur ces personnes de qualité.  Le fichier @file{THANKS} liste les personnes qui ont aidé en rapportant des bogues, en prenant soin de l'infrastructure, en fournissant des images et des thèmes, en faisant des suggestions et bien plus. Merci !"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2938
msgid "This document includes adapted sections from articles that have previously been published on the Guix blog at @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog}."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2943
#, no-wrap
msgid "license, GNU Free Documentation License"
msgstr "licence, GNU Free Documentation License"

#. type: include
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2944
#, no-wrap
msgid "fdl-1.3.texi"
msgstr "fdl-1.3.texi"