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-rw-r--r-- | src/haasdaiga/pos/index.md | 11 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/haasdaiga/pos/noun.md | 80 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/haasdaiga/pos/pronoun.md | 3 |
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diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/pos/index.md b/src/haasdaiga/pos/index.md index be12f37..51c05d0 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/pos/index.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/pos/index.md @@ -1,4 +1,13 @@ # Parts of Speech This section concerns the main parts of speech and how they are used. -Note that it does not discuss how they are ordered, which is the content of Syntax. +Note that it does not discuss how they are ordered, which is the content of [Syntax]. + +In this section as well as [Syntax], there will be glosses, indicating how the +sentences are constructed. + +They are written as quotes, in following order: + +- Romanization (in bold) +- Gloss +- English translation (in italic) diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/pos/noun.md b/src/haasdaiga/pos/noun.md index 2ee7f4b..c517d21 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/pos/noun.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/pos/noun.md @@ -1 +1,81 @@ # Noun + +## Cases + +### Nominative + +The nominative is used for the subject of a sentence and for vocative. + +It is also used as predicative for some verbs: + +- (be) +- (become) + +TODO: add examples + +### Accusative + +Accusative case is used for direct object. + +TODO: add examples + +### Ablative + +Ablative case is used to express the motion away from something + +TODO: add examples + +### Dative + +Dative case is used to express the motion to a location, or being at the +location (locative). The meaning is determined by whether the verb takes +object or not. + +TODO: add examples + +### Genitive + +Genitive case is used to express possession or relation. + +> this-nom.sg be.ind.prs.hab book-nom.wo.sg I-gen.ea.sg +> *This is my book.* +> +> this-nom.wo.sg book-nom.wo.sg be.ind.prs.hab I-gen.ea.sg +> *This book is mine.* + +*Relations* also include relations constructed by postposition. + +> he-nom.fi.sg stay-ind.fut.prf with I-gen.wa.sg +> *He will stay with me.* +> +> stand-ind.prs.cnt man-nom.sg (in front of) shop-gen.ea.sg +> *There is a man standing in front of the shop.* + +## Gender + +### Individuals + +Nouns' gender are arbitrarily assigned, based on the philosophy. +Generally, it is quite intuitive, for example, (tree), (seed), (wood) are wood. +However, there are some cases it is unclear, like (liver) being wood, and even +counter-intuitive, like (flower) being fire. +This is because liver is is controlled by wood in the philosophy, +and flower represents the outburst state which matches more with fire. + +For people, gender is determined by their date of birth (people born in wood +months are wood). For people who can use magic, their magic affinity is their +gender. + +### Mixed groups + +The gender of a group of objects with different genders is determined by the *majority* +group. The majority group is defined as the group with: + +- more than half of the group +- has more than 10 members, if any other group has more than one member. + +## Number + +- singular: zero or one +- several: two to ten, inclusive +- plural: more than ten diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/pos/pronoun.md b/src/haasdaiga/pos/pronoun.md index 79e4998..3cab45a 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/pos/pronoun.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/pos/pronoun.md @@ -1 +1,4 @@ # Pronoun + +Pronouns usually have nominal morphology, though not strictly. + |