From 80a18a15bc3b7c80b418816875a8a6a2869bac0f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ngô Ngọc Đức Huy Date: Sun, 9 May 2021 21:33:22 +0700 Subject: Update language info --- src/SUMMARY.md | 5 ++++ src/haasdaiga/constructions/index.md | 4 +++ src/haasdaiga/constructions/negation.md | 14 ++++++++++ src/haasdaiga/constructions/question.md | 14 ++++++++++ src/haasdaiga/constructions/sentence-order.md | 38 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ src/haasdaiga/lexicon.dict.txt | 23 ++++++++++++++++ src/haasdaiga/lexicon.md | 29 +++++++++++++++++++- src/haasdaiga/lexicon.template.md | 6 ++++- src/haasdaiga/morphology/verbal.md | 7 ++--- src/haasdaiga/writing.md | 13 +++++++++ 10 files changed, 148 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) create mode 100644 src/haasdaiga/constructions/index.md create mode 100644 src/haasdaiga/constructions/negation.md create mode 100644 src/haasdaiga/constructions/question.md create mode 100644 src/haasdaiga/constructions/sentence-order.md create mode 100644 src/haasdaiga/writing.md diff --git a/src/SUMMARY.md b/src/SUMMARY.md index 9febf64..bb7be45 100644 --- a/src/SUMMARY.md +++ b/src/SUMMARY.md @@ -14,4 +14,9 @@ - [Verb](./haasdaiga/pos/verb.md) - [Postposition](./haasdaiga/pos/pp.md) - [Numerals](./haasdaiga/pos/num.md) + - [Constructions](./haasdaiga/constructions/index.md) + - [Sentence order](./haasdaiga/constructions/sentence-order.md) + - [Negation](./haasdaiga/constructions/negation.md) + - [Question](./haasdaiga/constructions/question.md) + - [Writing system](./haasdaiga/writing.md) - [Lexicon](./haasdaiga/lexicon.md) diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/constructions/index.md b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc646ef --- /dev/null +++ b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Constructions + +This section concerns various syntactic constructions. We discuss both +conversational and magical constructions in parallel where relevance. diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/constructions/negation.md b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/negation.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..da65505 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/negation.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Negation + +To negate a sentence, simply put the negative adverb in front of the verb. +For each sense of negativity, there is a separate word: + +- not: kèë +- not yet: niï +- never: chon + +Following are the opposite of them: + +- yes: daä +- already: voc +- always: réïn diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/constructions/question.md b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/question.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b383ff --- /dev/null +++ b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/question.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Question + +The preferred word orders are discussed in previous sections. Verbs must be +used in interrogative mood. + +One may have noticed in the Sentence order section that yes/no questions are +formed by adding a negative adverb at the end of the sentence. Here are two +examples with *niï* and *chon*: + +> +> *Have you ever been to the capital?* +> +> +> *Do you really never eat meat?* diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/constructions/sentence-order.md b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/sentence-order.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ca9edc --- /dev/null +++ b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/sentence-order.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +# Sentence order + +In conversation, the sentence order is relatively loose: SVO, OSV, VSO, VOS, +SOV are all used. Particularly, they're preferred to be used like described +below: + +- SVO: when the subject is the topic of the sentence +- OSV: when the object is the topic of the sentence; it's also used as + equivalent for passive voice, which Hàäsdáïga does not have +- VSO: when the verb is the topic, or when the question is about the object +- VOS: when it's a question and it's about the subject +- SOV: when the object is a pronoun, especially a reflexive pronoun. + +Examples: + +> he-nom.ea.sg have-ind.prs.cnt many money-acc.mtl.pl +> *He has a lot of money.* +> +> die-RESULT-acc.wa.sg he-nom.fi.sg not fear-ind.prs.cnt +> *Death, he does not fear.* +> +> curse-int.pst.prf you-nom.wo.sg neck-wearing-acc.mtl.sg not? +> *Did you curse that necklace?* +> +> choose-int.fut.prf you-nom.wo.sg path-acc.ea.sg +> *Which path will you choose?* +> +> pay-int.fut.prf meal-money-acc.mtl.pl who.nom.sg +> *Who will pay for the meal?* +> +> I-nom.fi.sg you-acc.wa.sg love-ind.prs.cnt +> *I love you.* + +While casting magic, the sentence order is always SVO. Here is an example of +air shield spell, which is a very simple one: + +> air-nom.wa.pl flow-rit.prs.cnt.wa and protect-rit.prs.cnt.ea I-acc.wa.sg +> *The air shall flow around me and protect me.* diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.dict.txt b/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.dict.txt index c7e56f0..32cbcb2 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.dict.txt +++ b/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.dict.txt @@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ :chát: 1. (pp.) with +:chon: + 1. (adv.) never + :chỳc: 1. (pp.) near @@ -13,6 +16,10 @@ = D = ===== +:daä: + 1. (interjection) yes + 1. (adv.) an emphasizing particle + :dàm: 1. (pp.) beyond @@ -48,6 +55,13 @@ :jos: 1. (pp.) inside += K = +===== + +:kèë: + 1. (interjection) no + 2. (adv.) not + = L = ===== @@ -87,6 +101,9 @@ :ngỳch: 1. (pp.) above +:niï: + 1. (adv.) not yet + :njongù: 1. (pp.) during @@ -105,6 +122,9 @@ :rèëchsý: 1. (pron.) we (plural, inclusive) +:réïn: + 1. (adv.) always, forever + :rung: 1. (pp.) outside @@ -134,3 +154,6 @@ :váp: 1. (pp.) to + +:voc: + 1. (adv.) already diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.md b/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.md index 4cb0146..b29ce3a 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ # Lexicon -Below are the list of words in the lexicon. +Below are the list of words in the lexicon. They're translated form Hàäsdáïga +to English. Abbreviations: | abbreviation | meaning | |--------------|-------------| +| adv. | adverb | +| n. | noun | +| v. | verb | | pp. | postposition| | pron. | pronoun | ## C @@ -14,6 +18,9 @@ Abbreviations: **chát** 1. (pp.) with +**chon** + 1. (adv.) never + **chỳc** 1. (pp.) near @@ -23,6 +30,10 @@ Abbreviations: ## D +**daä** + 1. (interjection) yes + 1. (adv.) an emphasizing particle + **dàm** 1. (pp.) beyond @@ -58,6 +69,13 @@ Abbreviations: **jos** 1. (pp.) inside +## K + + +**kèë** + 1. (interjection) no + 2. (adv.) not + ## L @@ -97,6 +115,9 @@ Abbreviations: **ngỳch** 1. (pp.) above +**niï** + 1. (adv.) not yet + **njongù** 1. (pp.) during @@ -115,6 +136,9 @@ Abbreviations: **rèëchsý** 1. (pron.) we (plural, inclusive) +**réïn** + 1. (adv.) always, forever + **rung** 1. (pp.) outside @@ -144,3 +168,6 @@ Abbreviations: **váp** 1. (pp.) to + +**voc** + 1. (adv.) already diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.template.md b/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.template.md index e5440a9..fbe60ea 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.template.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.template.md @@ -1,10 +1,14 @@ # Lexicon -Below are the list of words in the lexicon. +Below are the list of words in the lexicon. They're translated form Hàäsdáïga +to English. Abbreviations: | abbreviation | meaning | |--------------|-------------| +| adv. | adverb | +| n. | noun | +| v. | verb | | pp. | postposition| | pron. | pronoun | diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/morphology/verbal.md b/src/haasdaiga/morphology/verbal.md index 6cc64a2..6d77323 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/morphology/verbal.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/morphology/verbal.md @@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ There are five moods: ### Gender -In the ritual mood, another vowel representing subject's gender is added after -the aspect consonant. Note that it is not uncommon to use ritual mood without -this vowel. +In the ritual mood, another vowel representing verb's gender is added after the +aspect consonant. The vowel is the same as for nominal gender. +Note that it is not uncommon to use ritual mood without gender, such as when +insulting. diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/writing.md b/src/haasdaiga/writing.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79607d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/haasdaiga/writing.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Writing system + +The native writing system has not been created yet. + +## Order + +Hàäsdáïga does not have an alphabetic order. +The alphabet order is used for us to more conveniently list words. +The order for letters with tones is level, falling, and rising. + +## Romanization + +The romanization rules are already stated in the Phonology section. -- cgit 1.4.1