From 9fc1697025a6f221d22dfceb29eabf5e30e18552 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ngô Ngọc Đức Huy Date: Fri, 23 Apr 2021 22:35:30 +0700 Subject: Rename language --- src/SUMMARY.md | 3 +- src/haasdaiga/intro.md | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++ src/haasdaiga/phonology.md | 73 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ src/haesdaaga/intro.md | 32 -------------------- src/haesdaaga/phonology.md | 74 ---------------------------------------------- src/intro.md | 2 +- 6 files changed, 108 insertions(+), 108 deletions(-) create mode 100644 src/haasdaiga/intro.md create mode 100644 src/haasdaiga/phonology.md delete mode 100644 src/haesdaaga/intro.md delete mode 100644 src/haesdaaga/phonology.md diff --git a/src/SUMMARY.md b/src/SUMMARY.md index 4ff8455..76c7081 100644 --- a/src/SUMMARY.md +++ b/src/SUMMARY.md @@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ - [Introduction](./intro.md) -# Hàësdáëga +# Hàäsdáïga - [Introduction](./haesdaaga/intro.md) - [Phonology](./haesdaaga/phonology.md) +- [Morphology](./haesdaaga/morphology.md) diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/intro.md b/src/haasdaiga/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..22e5c57 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/haasdaiga/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# Introduction + +## In-world background + +Hàäsdáïga is a dead language spoken by ancient people in Gaëdaäna. +In the day, there was only one language in the continent, shared by people from +five peoples: *Wood* farmers, *Fire* hunters, *Earth* monks, *Metal* smiths and +*Water* seafarers. They embraced the philosophy and that reflected in their +languages. They not only used the language to communicate, but also to define +a method with which they could control these five natural forces. + +Later, as these peoples mixed up, their ability to harness these five natural +forces strengthened for some and weakened for the others. Most notably, the +*Metal* and *Water* people lost almost all of this power, and only a minority +could still use it. Science and trade thus became their main strength. On the +other hand, *Fire* and *Wood* people could control it so well, they no longer +needed the language to guide their power. *Earth* monks were the most pure +with this power, but chose to distance themselves from others' affairs. +Naturally, the language was divided into five different languages (and two +pidgins) and the old way of using natural force was forgotten. + +Incidentally, *Arrow*, the son of *Blade* and *Pearl*[^1], re-invented the way. +Born as a child of a Metal mage warrior and a magicless aristocrat in a +science-oriented society, he learned to use one heritage to support the other. +He tried to reconstruct the ancient language and defined a way to use it to combine +his magic ability. Independently, *Iceberg*[^1] also discovered it by reading +old text he was lucky to find + +We are interested in the linguistic features of this language as well as its magical +structure. In this book we discuss both of them. + +[^1]: These names are temporary, but they carry the meaning of their future names. diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/phonology.md b/src/haasdaiga/phonology.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9554667 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/haasdaiga/phonology.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +# Phonology + + + +## Consonants + +Main consonants are listed in the table below: + +| | labial | alveolar | palatal | uvular | glottal | +|---------------|--------|----------|---------|-----------|---------| +| **nasal** | m | n | ɲ (*nj*) | ŋ (*n*, *ng*) | | +| **plosive** | p b | t d | | k (*c*) ɡ (*g*) | ʔ | +| **fricative** | f v | s z | | x (*ch*) ɣ (*gh*) | h | +| **sonorant** | w | ɹ (*r*) l | j | | | + +Notes: + +- *n* is pronounced as /ŋ/ only if it is followed by another consonant +- The glottal stop /ʔ/ is not written. It's implied when a syllable does not + have other consonants (similar to Vietnamese). +- *nj* is pronounced as /ɲ/ even when the two letters are from different words. + The sames go for other digraphs (ng, ch, gh) +- Some dialects may pronounce *s*, *z* as + +## Vowels + +| | front | centre | back | +|-------|-------|--------|------| +| open | i | | u | +| mid | e | ə (*y*)| o | +| close | a | | | + +### Diphthongs and long vowels + +Long vowels are written as duplicated vowels, with the second character having +a diaresis (for example *aä* is pronounced /aː/). For vowels whose +romanizations contain two characters, the later vowel is duplicated (for +example, long version of *aë* is *aëë*) + +Diphthongs are written similarly. They're listed below: + +- aï /aɪ/ +- aü /aʊ/ +- eï /eɪ/ +- oï /oɪ/ +- uï /uɪ/ + +## Tones + +There are three tones in Hàäsdáïga: + +- level tone (a) /˧˧/ +- rising tone (á) /˧˥/ +- falling tone (à) /˥˩/ + +## Phonotactics + +Syllables in Hàäsdáïga have a simple structure: **CVT(C)** + +The final consonants can't be sonorants, /h/, /ʔ/, and voiced vowels if they +have voiceless equivalents. Other than that, there isn't any constraints. + +There are thus: + +\\( 22 × (10 × 2 + 6 ) × 3 × 11 = 18876 \\) (possible syllables) + +Note: These numbers mean: + +- 22 consonants +- 10 vowels and their long version +- 6 diphthongs +- 3 tones +- 10 final consonants diff --git a/src/haesdaaga/intro.md b/src/haesdaaga/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index d264650..0000000 --- a/src/haesdaaga/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -# Introduction - -## In-world background - -Hàësdáëga is a dead language spoken by ancient people in Gaëdaäna. -In the day, there was only one language in the continent, shared by people from -five peoples: *Wood* farmers, *Fire* hunters, *Earth* monks, *Metal* smiths and -*Water* seafarers. They embraced the philosophy and that reflected in their -languages. They not only used the language to communicate, but also to define -a method with which they could control these five natural forces. - -Later, as these peoples mixed up, their ability to harness these five natural -forces strengthened for some and weakened for the others. Most notably, the -*Metal* and *Water* people lost almost all of this power, and only a minority -could still use it. Science and trade thus became their main strength. On the -other hand, *Fire* and *Wood* people could control it so well, they no longer -needed the language to guide their power. *Earth* monks were the most pure -with this power, but chose to distance themselves from others' affairs. -Naturally, the language was divided into five different languages (and two -pidgins) and the old way of using natural force was forgotten. - -Incidentally, *Arrow*, the son of *Blade* and *Pearl*[^1], re-invented the way. -Born as a child of a Metal mage warrior and a magicless aristocrat in a -science-oriented society, he learned to use one heritage to support the other. -He tried to reconstruct the ancient language and defined a way to use it to combine -his magic ability. Independently, *Iceberg*[^1] also discovered it by reading -old text he was lucky to find - -We are interested in the linguistic features of this language as well as its magical -structure. In this book we discuss both of them. - -[^1]: These names are temporary, but they carry the meaning of their future names. diff --git a/src/haesdaaga/phonology.md b/src/haesdaaga/phonology.md deleted file mode 100644 index bbfcadc..0000000 --- a/src/haesdaaga/phonology.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,74 +0,0 @@ -# Phonology - -## Consonants - -Main consonants are listed in the table below: - -| | labial | alveolar | palatal | uvular | glottal | -|---------------|--------|----------|---------|-----------|---------| -| **nasal** | m | n | ɲ (*nj*) | ŋ (*n*, *ng*) | | -| **plosive** | p b | t d | | k (*c*) ɡ (*g*) | ʔ | -| **fricative** | f v | s z | | x (*ch*) ɣ (*gh*) | h | -| **sonorant** | w | ɹ (*r*) l | j | | | - -Notes: - -- *n* is pronounced as /ŋ/ only if it is followed by another consonant -- The glottal stop /ʔ/ is not written. It's implied when a syllable does not - have other consonants (similar to Vietnamese). -- *nj* is pronounced as /ɲ/ even when the two letters are from different words. - The sames go for other digraphs (ng, ch, gh) -- Some dialects may pronounce *s*, *z* as - -## Vowels - -| | front | centre | back | -|-------|--------------|--------|-------------| -| open | i y | ɨ (*uë*) | u | -| mid | ɛ (*e*) e (*aë*) | ə (*oë*) | ɔ (*o*) o (*oü*)| -| close | a | | | - -Notes: In Hàësdáëga's native script all vowels are written as only one character. - -### Diphthongs and long vowels - -Long vowels are written as duplicated vowels, with the second character having -a diaresis (for example *aä* is pronounced /aː/). For vowels whose -romanizations contain two characters, the later vowel is duplicated (for -example, long version of *aë* is *aëë*) - -Diphthongs are written similarly. They're listed below: - -- aï /aɪ/ -- aü /aʊ/ -- aëï /eɪ/ -- oëï /əɪ/ -- oÿ /oʏ/ -- uï /uɪ/ - -## Tones - -There are three tones in Hàësdáëga: - -- level tone (a) /˧˧/ -- rising tone (á) /˧˥/ -- falling tone (à) /˥˩/ - -## Phonotactics - -Syllables in Hàësdáëga have a simple structure: **CVT(C)** - -The final consonants can't be sonorants, /h/, /ʔ/, and voiced vowels if they -have voiceless equivalents. Other than that, there isn't any constraints. - -There are thus: - -\\( 22 × (10 × 2 + 6 ) × 3 × 11 = 18876 \\) (possible syllables) - -Note: These numbers mean: - -- 22 consonants -- 10 vowels and their long version -- 6 diphthongs -- 3 tones -- 10 final consonants diff --git a/src/intro.md b/src/intro.md index ac6ca81..9437570 100644 --- a/src/intro.md +++ b/src/intro.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ phone note or write Word(tm) document (ew) and upload it to Google Drive (ew). Git is more resilient, and now that I have a convenient way of syncing between my devices without cloud, hopefully it will be the final version. -Currently, I am working on Hàësdáëga, a synthetic language influenced by +Currently, I am working on Hàäsdáïga, a synthetic language influenced by [wǔxíng][wuxing] philosophy. I am also considering building a genderless, isolated language after this one. -- cgit 1.4.1