From d85c9ee108b55d888e1243f103be8884f821347e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ngô Ngọc Đức Huy Date: Sun, 25 Apr 2021 22:18:58 +0700 Subject: Write draft for verb --- src/haasdaiga/pos/verb.md | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 46 insertions(+) (limited to 'src') diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/pos/verb.md b/src/haasdaiga/pos/verb.md index b8a456b..818043f 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/pos/verb.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/pos/verb.md @@ -1,3 +1,49 @@ # Verb ## Tense + +There are 3 tenses: past, present, and future. They are used according to +time. + +### Reported speech + +Unlike in English and some other languages, tense is not propagated in reported speech. +Instead, the tense is relative to the time spoken. +For example, if John said to Mary "I will meet you at noon" and now +is after that, you would say: + +> +> John-nom.sg Mary-dat.sg say-ind.pst.prf `` he-nom.sg her-acc.sg meet-ind.pst.prf +> noon-dat.fi.sg +> *John told Mary he would meet her at noon.* + +If the future is indefinite, it will stays in the future, whether the event has +happened or not. + +> +> he-nom.fi.sg believe-ind.pst.cont `` she-nom.ea.sg back-come-ind.fut.prf, +> that-acc.sg she-nom.ea.sg do.ind.pst.prf +> *He believed she would come back, and she did.* + +### Narration + +Narration is always present tense, even when the story obviously happened in the past. + +## Mood + +- indicative: the action actually occurs +- interrogative: the action is in the question +- imperative: the action is a command +- subjunctive: the action does not happens, and usually used in conditional or wish +- ritual: the action is the intend of the spellcaster + +Ritual mood is also used for cursing and profanity. In such case, the gender +affix is removed so the speaker does not accidentally cast the actual curse. +Because cursing is quite literal for Hàäsdáïga speakers, it is never used in +the same manner as in the modern society. + +## Aspect + +- habitual: the action happens repeatedly in the period of time +- continuous: the action or the state persists over the duration +- perfective: the action happens once and finished -- cgit 1.4.1