From 0104412c5397407349dfa6c21ea0f22638477fc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ngô Ngọc Đức Huy Date: Wed, 1 Dec 2021 21:10:04 +0700 Subject: Add sentence order Also other placeholders --- src/SUMMARY.md | 11 ++++++++++ src/derimorph/adj.md | 1 + src/derimorph/name.md | 1 + src/derimorph/nom.md | 1 + src/derimorph/verb.md | 1 + src/syntax/cases.md | 11 ++++++++++ src/syntax/clause.md | 1 + src/syntax/neg.md | 1 + src/syntax/np.md | 1 + src/syntax/question.md | 1 + src/syntax/tenses.md | 1 + src/syntax/word-order.md | 57 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 12 files changed, 88 insertions(+) create mode 100644 src/derimorph/adj.md create mode 100644 src/derimorph/name.md create mode 100644 src/derimorph/nom.md create mode 100644 src/derimorph/verb.md create mode 100644 src/syntax/cases.md create mode 100644 src/syntax/clause.md create mode 100644 src/syntax/neg.md create mode 100644 src/syntax/np.md create mode 100644 src/syntax/question.md create mode 100644 src/syntax/tenses.md create mode 100644 src/syntax/word-order.md diff --git a/src/SUMMARY.md b/src/SUMMARY.md index 4af6ae3..3c4fc67 100644 --- a/src/SUMMARY.md +++ b/src/SUMMARY.md @@ -13,5 +13,16 @@ - [Verbal](./morph/verb.md) - [Demonstratives](./morph/dem.md) - [Derivational Morphology](./derimorph/index.md) + - [Nominalizers](./derimorph/nom.md) + - [Adjectivizers](./derimorph/adj.md) + - [Verbalizers](./derimorph/verb.md) + - [Name](./derimorph/name.md) - [Syntax](./syntax/index.md) + - [Word order](./syntax/word-order.md) + - [Cases](./syntax/cases.md) + - [Tenses](./syntax/tenses.md) + - [Noun phrases](./syntax/np.md) + - [Negative](./syntax/neg.md) + - [Questions](./syntax/question.md) + - [Subordinate clauses](./syntax/clause.md) - [Examples](./examples.md) diff --git a/src/derimorph/adj.md b/src/derimorph/adj.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af5beb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/derimorph/adj.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# Adjectivizers diff --git a/src/derimorph/name.md b/src/derimorph/name.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..57b1088 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/derimorph/name.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# Name diff --git a/src/derimorph/nom.md b/src/derimorph/nom.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4df733b --- /dev/null +++ b/src/derimorph/nom.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# Nominalizers diff --git a/src/derimorph/verb.md b/src/derimorph/verb.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e90809 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/derimorph/verb.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# Verbalizers diff --git a/src/syntax/cases.md b/src/syntax/cases.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a148281 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/syntax/cases.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Cases + +As we have learnt in [Nominal morphology][nom-morph], there are 4 cases: + +- nominative: used for topic and subject of the sentence. +- accusative: used for direct object of the sentence +- dative: used for indirect objects of the sentence, as well as anything after + a preposition +- genitive: signifying possession. + +[nom-morph]: /morph/nom.md diff --git a/src/syntax/clause.md b/src/syntax/clause.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b508dc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/syntax/clause.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# Subordinate clauses diff --git a/src/syntax/neg.md b/src/syntax/neg.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0430a49 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/syntax/neg.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# Negative diff --git a/src/syntax/np.md b/src/syntax/np.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c776332 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/syntax/np.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# Noun phrases diff --git a/src/syntax/question.md b/src/syntax/question.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6b2a3b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/syntax/question.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# Questions diff --git a/src/syntax/tenses.md b/src/syntax/tenses.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ecc28f --- /dev/null +++ b/src/syntax/tenses.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# Tenses diff --git a/src/syntax/word-order.md b/src/syntax/word-order.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b62ee8 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/syntax/word-order.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +# Word order + +## Sentences + +Sentences in Ravna are best not analyzed in terms of subjects and objects, but +topic and comment. The sentence order is topic-comment-verb, which might +appears as SOV or OSV if one uses subject-object model. When the comment +includes both a subject and object, however, the subjects mostly comes first. + +## Modifiers + +Modifiers (adjectives, adverbs) follow the words they modify. + +## Adverbials + +While the rule for modifiers extends to spatial adverbial phrases, it should be +noted that destination and origin are *before* a verb. Some examples for this +rule: + +| Ravna | English | +|-------|---------| +| | I ran *inside the forest*. | +| | I ran *into the forest*. | +| | I ran *out of the forest*. | + +Naturally, this applies for non-place destinations and sources as well. +However, these words don't have to be directly before a verb + +| Ravna | English | +|-------|---------| +| | She gave *me* an apple. | +| | I fetched water *from the creek*. | + +Instrumental adverbials behave just like normal adverbs: + +| Ravna | English | +|-------|---------| +| | He answered *in Ravna*. | +| | They travel *on a boat*. | + +Temporal adverbials and other adverbials, however, either follow +verbs: + +| Ravna | English | +|-------|---------| +| | Reva gets up *at 6* *every day*. | +| | He has studied this topic *since 5 years ago*. | +| | Ze worked *until midnight*. | +| | He went to the river *to fish*. | +| | Would you do that *for me*? | + +## Exceptions + +In a literary setting, especially in poetry, one can, and often breaks the rule +of word order to either shift emphasis or for rhyming. + + -- cgit 1.4.1