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authortalos-vulndev <vulndev@cisco.com>2016-04-08 18:11:31 -0700
committertalos-vulndev <vulndev@cisco.com>2016-04-08 18:11:31 -0700
commiteb5bf85c86ed788539758f54ff1a3c6b22af40c2 (patch)
tree6c0da64caa251b2cd22832cec96e20d160f067a2
parent10e289336bf204feeda7bc12942786ec39ff969e (diff)
downloadafl-dyninst-eb5bf85c86ed788539758f54ff1a3c6b22af40c2.tar.gz
initial checkin
-rw-r--r--AUTHORS5
-rw-r--r--LICENSE202
-rw-r--r--Makefile35
-rw-r--r--README.md79
-rw-r--r--afl-dyninst.cpp369
-rw-r--r--libAflDyninst.cpp83
6 files changed, 772 insertions, 1 deletions
diff --git a/AUTHORS b/AUTHORS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8870664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/AUTHORS
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+This code was developed as part of a project with the Cisco Talos VULNDEV Team
+
+Authors: 
+  Aleksandar Nikolic <anikolich@sourcefire.com> 
+
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d645695
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
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diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7646251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# path to  dyninst binaries
+DYNINST_ROOT = /usr/local
+
+# path to afl src 
+AFL_ROOT = ./afl 
+
+# path to libelf and libdwarf
+DEPS_ROOT = /usr/local
+
+CXX = g++
+CXXFLAGS = -g -Wall -O3
+LIBFLAGS = -fpic -shared
+
+CC = gcc
+CFLAGS = -Wall -pedantic -g -std=gnu99
+
+
+all: afl-dyninst libAflDyninst.so
+
+afl-dyninst: afl-dyninst.o
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -L$(DYNINST_ROOT)/lib \
+		-L$(DEPS_ROOT)/lib \
+		-o afl-dyninst afl-dyninst.o \
+		-lcommon \
+		-liberty \
+		-ldyninstAPI 
+
+libAflDyninst.so: libAflDyninst.cpp
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LIBFLAGS) -I$(AFL_ROOT) -I$(DEPS_ROOT)/include libAflDyninst.cpp -o libAflDyninst.so
+
+afl-dyninst.o: afl-dyninst.cpp
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -I$(DEPS_ROOT)/include -I$(DYNINST_ROOT)/include  -c afl-dyninst.cpp
+
+clean:
+	rm -f afl-dyninst *.so *.o 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 18425ac..6f5764a 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,2 +1,79 @@
-# afl-dyninst
 American Fuzzy Lop + Dyninst == AFL Fuzzing blackbox binaries
+
+The tool has two parts. The instrumentation tool and the instrumentation 
+library. Instrumentation library has an initialization callback and basic 
+block callback functions which are designed to emulate what AFL is doing
+with afl-gcc/afl-g++/afl-as. 
+Instrumentation tool (afl-dyninst) instruments the supplied binary by
+inserting callbacks for each basic block and an initialization 
+callback either at _init or at specified entry point.
+
+Usage: ./afl-dyninst -i <binary> -o <binary> -l <library> -e <address> -s <number>
+             -i: Input binary 
+             -o: Output binary
+             -l: Library to instrument (repeat for more than one)
+             -e: Entry point address to patch (required for stripped binaries)
+             -r: Runtime library to instrument (path to, repeat for more than one)
+             -s: Number of basic blocks to skip
+             -v: Verbose output
+
+Switch -l is used to supply the names of the libraries that should 
+be instrumented along the binary. Instrumented libraries will be copied
+to the current working directory. This option can be repeated as many times
+as needed. Depending on the environment, the LD_LIBRARY_PATH should be set 
+to point to instrumented libraries while fuzzing. 
+
+Switch -e is used to manualy specify the entry point where initialization
+callback is to be inserted. For unstipped binaries, afl-dyninst defaults 
+to using _init of the binary as an entry point. In case of stripped binaries
+this option is required and is best set to the address of main which 
+can easily be determined by disassembling the binary and looking for an 
+argument to __libc_start_main. 
+
+Switch -s instructs afl-dyninst to skip the first <number> of basic
+blocks. Currently, it is used to work around a bug in Dyninst
+but doubles as an optimization option, as skipping the basic blocks 
+of the initialization rutines makes things run faster. If the instrumented
+binary is crashing by itself, try skiping a number of blocks.
+
+Switch -r allows you to specify a path to the library that is loaded
+via dlopen() at runtime. Instrumented runtime libraries will be 
+written to the same location with a ".ins" suffix as not to overwrite
+the original ones. Make sure to backup the originals and then rename the
+instrumented ones to original name. 
+
+The instrumentation library "libDyninst.so" must be available in the current working
+directory as that is where the instrumented binary will be looking for it.
+
+Compiling:
+
+1. Edit the Makefile and set DYNINST_ROOT and AFL_ROOT to appropriate paths. 
+2. make
+
+Example of running the tool:
+
+Dyninst requires DYNINSTAPI_RT_LIB environment variable to point to the location
+of libdyninstAPI_RT.so.
+
+$ export DYNINSTAPI_RT_LIB=/usr/local/lib/libdyninstAPI_RT.so
+$ ./afl-dyninst -i ./rar -o ./rar_ins -e 0x4034c0 -s 100
+Skipping library: libAflDyninst.so
+Instrumenting module: DEFAULT_MODULE
+Inserting init callback.
+Saving the instrumented binary to ./rar_ins...
+All done! Happy fuzzing!
+
+Here we are instrumenting  the rar binary with entrypoint at 0x4034c0
+(manualy found address of main), skipping the first 100 basic blocks 
+and outputing to rar_ins. 
+
+Running AFL on instrumented binary
+
+Since AFL checks if the binary has been instrumented by afl-gcc,AFL_SKIP_BIN_CHECK environment 
+variable needs to be set. No modifications to AFL it self is needed. 
+$ export AFL_SKIP_BIN_CHECK=1
+Then, AFL can be run as usual:
+$ afl-fuzz  -i testcases/archives/common/gzip/ -o test_gzip -- ./gzip_ins -d -c 
+
+
+
diff --git a/afl-dyninst.cpp b/afl-dyninst.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ec9bab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/afl-dyninst.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <climits>
+using namespace std;
+
+// Command line parsing
+#include <getopt.h>
+
+// DyninstAPI includes
+#include "BPatch.h"
+#include "BPatch_binaryEdit.h"
+#include "BPatch_flowGraph.h"
+#include "BPatch_function.h"
+#include "BPatch_point.h"
+
+using namespace Dyninst;
+
+//cmd line options
+char *originalBinary;
+char *instrumentedBinary;
+bool verbose = false;
+Dyninst::Address entryPoint;
+set<string> instrumentLibraries;
+set<string> runtimeLibraries;
+int bbSkip = 0;
+bool skipMainModule = false;
+
+const char *instLibrary = "./libAflDyninst.so";
+
+static const char *OPT_STR = "i:o:l:e:vs:dr:";
+static const char *USAGE = " -i <binary> -o <binary> -l <library> -e <address> -s <number>\n \
+            -i: Input binary \n \
+            -o: Output binary\n \
+            -d: Don't instrument the binary, only supplied libraries\n \
+            -l: Linked library to instrument (repeat for more than one)\n \
+            -r: Runtime library to instrument (path to, repeat for more than one)\n \
+            -e: Entry point address to patch (required for stripped binaries)\n \
+            -s: Number of basic blocks to skip\n \
+            -v: Verbose output\n";
+
+bool parseOptions(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+
+    int c;
+    while ((c = getopt (argc, argv, OPT_STR)) != -1) {
+        switch ((char) c) {
+        case 'e':
+            entryPoint = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 16);;
+            break;
+        case 'i':
+            originalBinary = optarg;
+            instrumentLibraries.insert(optarg);
+            break;
+        case 'o':
+            instrumentedBinary = optarg;
+            break;
+        case 'l':
+            instrumentLibraries.insert(optarg);
+            break;
+        case 'r':
+            runtimeLibraries.insert(optarg);
+            break;
+        case 's':
+            bbSkip = atoi(optarg);
+            break;
+        case 'd':
+            skipMainModule = true;
+            break;
+        case 'v':
+            verbose = true;
+            break;
+        default:
+            cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0] << USAGE;
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(originalBinary == NULL) {
+        cerr << "Input binary is required!"<< endl;
+        cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0] << USAGE;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if(instrumentedBinary == NULL) {
+        cerr << "Output binary is required!" << endl;
+        cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0] << USAGE;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if(skipMainModule && instrumentLibraries.empty()) {
+        cerr << "If using option -d , option -l is required." << endl;
+        cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0] << USAGE;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+BPatch_function *findFuncByName (BPatch_image * appImage, char *funcName)
+{
+    BPatch_Vector < BPatch_function * >funcs;
+
+    if (NULL == appImage->findFunction (funcName, funcs) || !funcs.size ()
+        || NULL == funcs[0]) {
+        cerr << "Failed to find " << funcName << " function." << endl;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return funcs[0];
+}
+
+// insert callback to initialization function in the instrumentation library
+// either at _init or at manualy specified entry point.
+bool insertCallToInit(BPatch_binaryEdit * appBin, BPatch_function * instIncFunc,BPatch_module * module, BPatch_function *funcInit)
+{
+
+    /* Find the instrumentation points */
+    vector<BPatch_point *> points;
+    vector < BPatch_point * >*funcEntry = funcInit->findPoint (BPatch_entry);
+
+    // rar main @ 0x4034c0
+    // readpng main @ 0x400e0b
+
+    if (NULL == funcEntry) {
+        cerr << "Failed to find entry for function. " <<  endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    cout << "Inserting init callback." << endl;
+    BPatch_Vector < BPatch_snippet * >instArgs; // init has no args
+    BPatch_funcCallExpr instIncExpr (*instIncFunc, instArgs);
+
+    /* Insert the snippet at function entry */
+    BPatchSnippetHandle *handle =
+        appBin->insertSnippet (instIncExpr, *funcEntry, BPatch_callBefore,
+                               BPatch_lastSnippet);
+    if (!handle) {
+        cerr << "Failed to insert init callback." << endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// inserts a callback for each basic block assigning it an instrumentation
+// time 16bit random ID just as afl
+bool insertBBCallback(BPatch_binaryEdit * appBin, BPatch_function * curFunc,
+                      char *funcName, BPatch_function * instBBIncFunc,int *bbIndex)
+{
+
+    BPatch_flowGraph *appCFG = curFunc->getCFG ();
+    unsigned short randID;
+
+    if (!appCFG) {
+        cerr << "Failed to find CFG for function " << funcName << endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    BPatch_Set < BPatch_basicBlock * >allBlocks;
+    if (!appCFG->getAllBasicBlocks (allBlocks)) {
+        cerr << "Failed to find basic blocks for function " << funcName << endl;
+        return false;
+    } else if (allBlocks.size () == 0) {
+        cerr << "No basic blocks for function " << funcName << endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    BPatch_Set < BPatch_basicBlock * >::iterator iter;
+    for (iter = allBlocks.begin (); iter != allBlocks.end (); iter++) {
+        if(*bbIndex < bbSkip) { // skip over first bbSkip bbs
+            (*bbIndex)++;
+            continue;
+
+        }
+        unsigned long address = (*iter)->getStartAddress ();
+        randID = rand() % USHRT_MAX;
+        if(verbose) {
+            cout << "Instrumenting Basic Block 0x" << hex << address << " of " <<
+                 funcName << " with random id " << randID << endl;
+        }
+
+        BPatch_Vector < BPatch_snippet * >instArgs;
+        BPatch_constExpr bbId (randID);
+        instArgs.push_back (&bbId);
+        BPatch_point *bbEntry = (*iter)->findEntryPoint ();
+        if (NULL == bbEntry) {
+            // warn the user, but continue
+            cerr << "Failed to find entry for basic block at 0x" << hex << address
+                 << endl;
+            (*bbIndex)++;
+            continue;
+        }
+        BPatch_funcCallExpr instIncExpr (*instBBIncFunc, instArgs);
+        BPatchSnippetHandle *handle =
+            appBin->insertSnippet (instIncExpr, *bbEntry, BPatch_callBefore,
+                                   BPatch_lastSnippet);
+        if (!handle) {
+            // warn the user, but continue to next bb
+            cerr << "Failed to insert instrumention in basic block at 0x" << hex <<
+                 address << endl;
+            (*bbIndex)++;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        (*bbIndex)++;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+
+}
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+
+    if(!parseOptions(argc,argv)) {
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    BPatch bpatch;
+
+    BPatch_binaryEdit *appBin = bpatch.openBinary (originalBinary, !instrumentLibraries.empty());
+    if (appBin == NULL) {
+        cerr << "Failed to open binary" << endl;
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    if (!appBin->loadLibrary (instLibrary)) {
+        cerr << "Failed to open instrumentation library." << endl;
+        cerr << "It needs to be located in the current working directory." << endl;
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    BPatch_image *appImage = appBin->getImage ();
+
+    /* Find code coverage functions in the instrumentation library */
+    BPatch_function *initAflForkServer =
+        findFuncByName (appImage, (char *) "initAflForkServer");
+    BPatch_function *bbCallback =
+        findFuncByName (appImage, (char *) "bbCallback");
+    if (!initAflForkServer || !bbCallback ) {
+        cerr << "Instrumentation library lacks callbacks!" << endl;
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    //get and iterate over all modules, instrumenting only the default and manualy specified ones
+    vector < BPatch_module * >*modules = appImage->getModules ();
+    vector < BPatch_module * >::iterator moduleIter;
+    BPatch_module *defaultModule = NULL;
+    string defaultModuleName;
+    for (moduleIter = modules->begin (); moduleIter != modules->end (); ++moduleIter) {
+    //find default module name
+        char moduleName[1024];
+        (*moduleIter)->getName (moduleName, 1024);    
+        if (string (moduleName).find ("DEFAULT_MODULE") != string::npos) {
+            defaultModuleName = "DEFAULT_MODULE";
+        }
+    }
+    if(defaultModuleName.empty()) 
+        defaultModuleName = string(originalBinary).substr(string(originalBinary).find_last_of("\\/")+1);
+    int bbIndex = 0;
+    for (moduleIter = modules->begin (); moduleIter != modules->end (); ++moduleIter) {
+        char moduleName[1024];
+        (*moduleIter)->getName (moduleName, 1024);
+
+        if ((*moduleIter)->isSharedLib ()) {
+            if (instrumentLibraries.find (moduleName) == instrumentLibraries.end ()) {
+                cout << "Skipping library: " << moduleName << endl;
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (string (moduleName).find (defaultModuleName) != string::npos) {
+            defaultModule = (*moduleIter);
+            if(skipMainModule) continue;
+        }
+        cout << "Instrumenting module: " << moduleName << endl;
+        vector < BPatch_function * >*allFunctions =
+            (*moduleIter)->getProcedures ();
+        vector < BPatch_function * >::iterator funcIter;
+
+        // iterate over all functions in the module
+        for (funcIter = allFunctions->begin (); funcIter != allFunctions->end ();
+             ++funcIter) {
+            BPatch_function *curFunc = *funcIter;
+            char funcName[1024];
+            curFunc->getName (funcName, 1024);
+            if(string (funcName) == string("_start")) continue; // here's a bug on hlt
+            insertBBCallback (appBin, curFunc, funcName, bbCallback, &bbIndex);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    //if entrypoint set ,find function  , else find _init
+    BPatch_function *funcToPatch = NULL;
+    if(!entryPoint) {
+        BPatch_Vector<BPatch_function*> funcs;
+        defaultModule->findFunction("_init", funcs);
+        if(!funcs.size()) {
+            cerr << "Couldn't locate _init, specify entry point manualy. "<< endl;
+            return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        }
+        // there should really be only one
+        funcToPatch = funcs[0];
+    } else {
+        funcToPatch = defaultModule->findFunctionByEntry(entryPoint);
+    }
+    if(!funcToPatch) {
+        cerr << "Couldn't locate function at given entry point. "<< endl;
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+    if(!insertCallToInit (appBin,  initAflForkServer,defaultModule,funcToPatch)){
+        cerr << "Could not insert init callback at given entry point." << endl;
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    cout << "Saving the instrumented binary to " << instrumentedBinary << "..." << endl;
+    // Output the instrumented binary
+    if (!appBin->writeFile (instrumentedBinary)) {
+        cerr << "Failed to write output file: " << instrumentedBinary << endl;
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    if(!runtimeLibraries.empty()) {
+        cout << "Instrumenting runtime libraries." << endl;
+        set<string>::iterator rtLibIter ;
+        for(rtLibIter = runtimeLibraries.begin(); rtLibIter != runtimeLibraries.end(); rtLibIter++) {
+            BPatch_binaryEdit *libBin = bpatch.openBinary ((*rtLibIter).c_str(), false);
+            if (libBin == NULL) {
+                cerr << "Failed to open binary "<< *rtLibIter << endl;
+                return EXIT_FAILURE;
+            }
+            libBin->loadLibrary (instLibrary);
+            BPatch_image *libImg = libBin->getImage ();
+            vector < BPatch_module * >*modules = libImg->getModules ();
+            moduleIter = modules->begin ();
+            ++moduleIter;
+            for ( ; moduleIter != modules->end (); ++moduleIter) {
+                char moduleName[1024];
+                (*moduleIter)->getName (moduleName, 1024);
+                cout << "Instrumenting module: " << moduleName << endl;
+                vector < BPatch_function * >*allFunctions =
+                    (*moduleIter)->getProcedures ();
+                vector < BPatch_function * >::iterator funcIter;
+                // iterate over all functions in the module
+                for (funcIter = allFunctions->begin (); funcIter != allFunctions->end ();
+                     ++funcIter) {
+                    BPatch_function *curFunc = *funcIter;
+                    char funcName[1024];
+                    curFunc->getName (funcName, 1024);
+                    if(string (funcName) == string("_start")) continue;
+                    insertBBCallback (libBin, curFunc, funcName, bbCallback, &bbIndex);
+                }
+            }
+            if (!libBin->writeFile ((*rtLibIter + ".ins").c_str())) {
+                cerr << "Failed to write output file: " <<(*rtLibIter + ".ins").c_str() << endl;
+                return EXIT_FAILURE;
+            } else {
+                cout << "Saved the instrumented library to " << (*rtLibIter + ".ins").c_str() << "." << endl;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    cout << "All done! Happy fuzzing!" << endl;
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+}
diff --git a/libAflDyninst.cpp b/libAflDyninst.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..514144f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libAflDyninst.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <vector>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include "config.h"
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/shm.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+
+static u8* trace_bits;
+static s32 shm_id;                    /* ID of the SHM region             */
+static int __afl_temp_data;
+static pid_t __afl_fork_pid;
+static unsigned short prev_id;
+
+
+void initAflForkServer()
+{
+    char *shm_env_var = getenv(SHM_ENV_VAR);
+    if(!shm_env_var) {
+        printf("Error getting shm\n");
+        return;
+    }
+    shm_id = atoi(shm_env_var);
+    trace_bits = (u8*)shmat(shm_id, NULL, 0);
+    if(trace_bits == (u8*)-1) {
+        perror("shmat");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // enter fork() server thyme!
+    int n = write(FORKSRV_FD+1, &__afl_temp_data,4);
+    if( n!=4 ) {
+        printf("Error writting fork server\n");
+        return;
+    }
+    while(1) {
+        n = read(FORKSRV_FD,&__afl_temp_data,4);
+        if(n != 4) {
+            printf("Error reading fork server %x\n",__afl_temp_data);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        __afl_fork_pid = fork();
+        if(__afl_fork_pid < 0) {
+            printf("Error on fork()\n");
+            return;
+        }
+        if(__afl_fork_pid == 0) {
+            close(FORKSRV_FD);
+            close(FORKSRV_FD+1);
+            break;
+        } else {
+            // parrent stuff
+            n = write(FORKSRV_FD+1,&__afl_fork_pid, 4);
+            pid_t temp_pid = waitpid(__afl_fork_pid,&__afl_temp_data,2);
+            if(temp_pid == 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+            n = write(FORKSRV_FD+1,&__afl_temp_data,4);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+// Should be called on basic block entry
+void bbCallback(unsigned short id)
+{
+    if(trace_bits) {
+        trace_bits[prev_id ^ id]++;
+        prev_id = id >> 1;
+    }
+}