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+&gt;&gt; And I thought that the best way to break the ice on version
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+control systems and Git and some other
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+related concepts was to interview John Britton who
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+works with GitHub. So let's go and see what John has to say about
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+Git, about version control systems in general,
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+and about GitHub. John is in Tapei, if I'm not wrong.
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+&gt;&gt; That's correct.
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+&gt;&gt; Okay so we're, you know we couldn't
+
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+go there so we're interviewing him remotely. And I
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+want, I just want to thank you so much and John for agreeing to talk to us.
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+&gt;&gt; Thank you very much for having me it was my pleasure.
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+&gt;&gt; And, I'm just going to ask, a few
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+general questions because John is an expert on,
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+Git and GitHub. John is a developer and
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+a community builder is active in both the
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+open source and the open education areas. And
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+as an educational liaison we have, is working
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+to improve Computer Science education by bringing the
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+principles of open source into the classroom. And
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+I'm going to start with an general question,
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+which is what is a version control system?
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+&gt;&gt; So, a version control system is
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+a tool that software developers use. Anybody
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+who's doing you know, working with digital
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+assets, digital projects can also use for
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+keeping track of, you know, revisions of your project, and when I say revisions, I
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+mean essentially snapshots of your project over time. So you can imagine doing
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+some work and then every so often, be it, every couple of
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+hours, every couple of days, saving a permanent snapshot of your project.
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+&gt;&gt; Why is this useful? I understand that
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+it is nice to take a snapshot of your
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+project, but what did you do with the
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+snapshot afterwards? I think the most immediately obvious benefit
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+to having snapshots of your project to keeping
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+revisions is that you can go back. If you
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+have ever worked on a project and got to
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+a point where you solved a bunch of your
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+problems, and there is just one more step to do. And
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+you start working on trying to solve that last step, and
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+you break things, you make it worse then it was an
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+hour ago. At that point its easier to just go back
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+to what you had then trying to figure out what you
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+broke. So you can always go back in time, and the
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+other big one is being able to collaborate with multiple people,
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+so its pretty seldom these days that you. Work on a production
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+totally on your own. It's most common to work in, you
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+know, in teams and small groups. And so, using a revision
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+control system allows you to collaborate with other people. And make
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+sure that you don't step on each other's toes as you're working.
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+&gt;&gt; Alright, that's great, because those are exactly some of the
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+topics that we're going to cover in the lesson. And so since we're
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+going to talk about the specifics of version control system which is
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+Git and you're definitely an expert in, in Git. So what would
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+you say is specifically special about Git? What characterizes it
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+and how does it compare to other version control systems.
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+&gt;&gt; So if any of you have used version control systems before, you
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+may have heard of something like subversion, CVS, or maybe a commercial solution
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+like ProForce. I think the main important characteristics of Git are first that
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+it's open source. And the second,
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+that it's a distributed version control system.
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+So what that means, the distributed version
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+control system is essentially a system for tracking
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+revisions of your software that doesn't have any
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+central repository. So the biggest characteristic is that
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+I can do my work and you can also work on the same project at
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+the same time without communicating with each other
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+and without communicating to a central system.
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+&gt;&gt; Okay, great. And so now that we saw what Git is, what is
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+GitHub and how does it fit into
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+this picture of the distributed, revision control system?
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+&gt;&gt; So GitHub is, the world's largest code host, and we essentially have a
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+website where you can collaborate with people
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+when you're writing code. There's two ways you
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+can use GitHub. You can use it publicly for open source and you can use
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+it in private within your team, or your company, or within your class. And, Git
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+Hub started out just as a way to host your Git repositories. But it's
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+actually grown into quite a bit more. It's
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+an entire collaboration system around your code.
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+&gt;&gt; How many users do you have?
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+&gt;&gt; I would say that we're approaching five million.
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+I don't know the exact number. We're definitely more
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+than four million right now. But yeah, I'd say
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+somewhere, somewhere close to between four and five million.
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+&gt;&gt; So that's a lot space I'd guess. Terabytes of disk
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+space, I would imagine.
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+&gt;&gt; There are a lot of GIT repositories on, on our servers.
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+&gt;&gt; Something else you want to say? I
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+guess that the when taking about GitHub there's one
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+thing that you kind of can't leave out and
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+that's that's a feature that's called a pull request.
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+So when you're using GitHub, you can share
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+your Git repository, do some work, and actually do
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+do a code review. Of proposed changes which
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+is what we call a pull request on github.com.
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+Essentially what it lets you do is have a discussion
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+about a set of proposed changes and leave feedback in
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+line with the code. You could say for example, this
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+method needs to be re-factored or I think I found if
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+off by one error here, just different kinds of feedback
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+so that before you totally integrate some proposed changes. You have,
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+kind of a conversation about what your code. And I
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+think that's really valuable when you are working in a team.
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+&gt;&gt; Thank you, John, that was very informative and
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+thanks again for taking the time to talk to us.
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+&gt;&gt; No problem, thanks for having me. I'll talk to you soon.
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+&gt;&gt; Let's thank again John for enlightening us
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+on some aspects of version control systems, Git and
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+GitHub. And now, let's go over some of the
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+topics that we discussed with John to recap them.