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+Let's start our decision of design patterns by looking
+
+2
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+at the history of patterns. As you know, I like
+
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+to give this sort of historical perspective on how and
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+when concepts were defined. In this case, we have to
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+5
+00:00:10,600 --> 00:00:14,830
+go back to 1977, when Christopher Alexander, an American professor
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+of architecture at UC Berkeley, introduces the idea of patterns,
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+successful solutions to problems, in his book called a Pattern
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+Language. The book contains about 250 patterns. And the idea
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+is that occupants of a building should be able
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+to design it. And the patterns in the book provide
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+a way to do that. And this idea of design
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+patterns, so, a formal way of documenting successful solutions to
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+problems, inspired several other disciplines. In particular, in 1987,
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+Ward Cunningham and Kent Beck leveraged this idea of Alexander's
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+patterns in the context of an object oriented language.
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+And in this specific the language was Smalltalk.
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+Some of you might know the language. So what Cunningham
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+and Beck did, was to create a 5 pattern
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+language for guiding novice Smalltalk programmers. So they did
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+an experiment and had several developers using their patterns, and
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+the experiment was extremely successful. The users were able to
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+create elegant designs using the provided patterns. And in case
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+you are interested in reading about it, Cunningham and Beck
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+reported the results in the article, Using Pattern Languages for
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+Object Oriented Programs, which was published at the
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+International Conference on Object Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and
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+Applications, also called OOPSLA, in 1987. At the
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+00:01:25,390 --> 00:01:28,480
+same time, Eric Gamma was working on his dissertation,
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+whose topic was the importance of patterns and
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+how to capture them. Between 1987 and 1992, there
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+were several workshops related to design patterns. And
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+in 1992, Jim Coplien compiled a catalog of C++
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+items, which are some sort of patterns, and
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+he listed this catalog of patterns in his
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+book, which was titled Advanced C++ Programming Styles
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+and Idioms. Finally, in 1993 and 1994, there were
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+several additional workshops focused on patterns. And this
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+workshop brought together many patterns folks, including these
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+4 guys, Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson,
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+and John Vlissides. These guys are also known as
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+the gang of 4. And the result of this collaboration was the
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+famous book Design Patterns: Elements of
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+Reusable Object Oriented Software. So this
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+is basically The Book on design patterns. If you want to buy
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+a book on design pattern, this is the one you should get.