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+So let's start our lesson on white docs testing by considering again the
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+program PrintSum. If you remember, this is the same program that we used when
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+we were talking about black box testing. It's the program that takes two
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+integers, A and B, and produces, as a result, the sum of the two.
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+And when we were looking at this problem in the context of black
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+box testing, we did not look at
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+implementation. But that's exactly what we're going to
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+do now. So we're going to open the box and look at how the
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+code is implemented. And as you can see, the programmer was kind of creative.
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+Because instead of just adding the two numbers and printing them, he
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+or she also decided to print them in a specific color depending
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+on whether they were positive numbers or negative numbers. So positive results
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+are printed in red and negative results are printed in blue. And as
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+you can see by looking at the code we can see some
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+interesting cases that we might want to test. For instance you can
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+see that there are two decisions made here. So we might decide
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+that this is an interesting case and therefore we want to test it.
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+Similarly we might look at this other case and we might
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+also decide that this is another interesting case and therefore we
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+want to test this one as well. So let's discuss this
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+in a slightly more formal way by introducing the concept of
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+coverage criteria which are really the essence of why box testing.
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+First of all coverage criteria are defined in terms of test
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+requirements where test requirements are the elements, the entities in the
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+code that we need to exercise. That we need to execute
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+in order to satisfy the criteria. And we'll see plenty
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+of examples of that. And normally, when I apply a coverage
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+criterion, my result is a set of test specifications. And we
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+already saw test specifications. Those
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+are basically descriptions, specifications, of how
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+the tests should be in order to satisfy the requirements. And
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+they also result in actual test cases, which are instantiations of
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+the test specifications. And again this is exactly analogous to what
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+we saw when we were talking about the black box testing.
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+So let's see what this means by going back to our
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+example. A minute ago, we looked at the print sum code
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+and we identified two interesting cases for our code. And those
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+are exactly our test requirements. So we have a first test
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+requirement here, which is the execution of this particular statement and
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+a second requirement here and this one corresponds to the execution
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+of this other statement. So for this example there are two
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+things that we need to do in order to satisfy our
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+coverage requirements. Execute this statement and execute this statement.