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-rw-r--r--stp/c_interface/c_interface.cpp1548
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 1548 deletions
diff --git a/stp/c_interface/c_interface.cpp b/stp/c_interface/c_interface.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 52c4df21..00000000
--- a/stp/c_interface/c_interface.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1548 +0,0 @@
-/********************************************************************
- * AUTHORS: Vijay Ganesh, David L. Dill
- *
- * BEGIN DATE: November, 2005
- *
- * LICENSE: Please view LICENSE file in the home dir of this Program
- ********************************************************************/
-// -*- c++ -*-
-#include "c_interface.h"
-
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cassert>
-#include <ostream>
-#include <iostream>
-#include "fdstream.h"
-#include "../AST/AST.h"
-
-//These typedefs lower the effort of using the keyboard to type (too
-//many overloaded meanings of the word type)
-typedef BEEV::ASTNode  node;
-typedef BEEV::ASTNode* nodestar;
-typedef BEEV::BeevMgr* bmstar;
-typedef BEEV::ASTVec   nodelist;
-typedef BEEV::CompleteCounterExample* CompleteCEStar;
-BEEV::ASTVec *decls = NULL;
-//vector<BEEV::ASTNode *> created_exprs;
-bool cinterface_exprdelete_on = false;
-
-void vc_setFlags(char c) {
-  std::string helpstring = "Usage: stp [-option] [infile]\n\n";
-  helpstring +=  "-r  : switch refinement off (optimizations are ON by default)\n";
-  helpstring +=  "-w  : switch wordlevel solver off (optimizations are ON by default)\n";
-  helpstring +=  "-a  : switch optimizations off (optimizations are ON by default)\n";
-  helpstring +=  "-s  : print function statistics\n";
-  helpstring +=  "-v  : print nodes \n";
-  helpstring +=  "-c  : construct counterexample\n";
-  helpstring +=  "-d  : check counterexample\n";
-  helpstring +=  "-p  : print counterexample\n";
-  helpstring +=  "-h  : help\n";
-  
-  switch(c) {
-  case 'a' :
-    BEEV::optimize = false;
-    BEEV::wordlevel_solve = false;
-    break;
-  case 'b':
-    BEEV::print_STPinput_back = true;
-    break;
-  case 'c':
-    BEEV::construct_counterexample = true;
-    break;
-  case 'd':
-    BEEV::construct_counterexample = true;
-    BEEV::check_counterexample = true;
-    break;
-  case 'e':
-    BEEV::variable_activity_optimize = true;
-    break;
-  case 'f':
-    BEEV::smtlib_parser_enable = true;
-    break;
-  case 'h':
-    cout << helpstring;
-    BEEV::FatalError("");
-    break;
-  case 'l' :
-    BEEV::linear_search = true;
-    break;
-  case 'n':
-    BEEV::print_output = true;
-    break;
-  case 'p':
-    BEEV::print_counterexample = true;
-    break;
-  case 'q':
-    BEEV::print_arrayval_declaredorder = true;
-    break;
-  case 'r':
-    BEEV::arrayread_refinement = false;
-    break;
-  case 's' :
-    BEEV::stats = true;
-    break;
-  case 'u':
-    BEEV::arraywrite_refinement = true;
-    break;  
-  case 'v' :
-    BEEV::print_nodes = true;
-    break;
-  case 'w':
-    BEEV::wordlevel_solve = false;
-    break;
-  case 'x':
-    cinterface_exprdelete_on = true;
-    break;
-  case 'z':
-    BEEV::print_sat_varorder = true;
-    break;
-  default:
-    std::string s = "C_interface: vc_setFlags: Unrecognized commandline flag:\n";
-    s += helpstring;
-    BEEV::FatalError(s.c_str());
-    break;
-  }
-}
-
-//Create a validity Checker. This is the global BeevMgr
-VC vc_createValidityChecker(void) {
-  vc_setFlags('d');
-#ifdef NATIVE_C_ARITH
-#else
-  CONSTANTBV::ErrCode c = CONSTANTBV::BitVector_Boot(); 
-  if(0 != c) {
-    cout << CONSTANTBV::BitVector_Error(c) << endl;
-    return 0;
-  }
-#endif
-  bmstar bm = new BEEV::BeevMgr();
-  decls = new BEEV::ASTVec();
-  //created_exprs.clear();
-  return (VC)bm;
-}
-
-// Expr I/O
-void vc_printExpr(VC vc, Expr e) {
-  //do not print in lisp mode
-  //bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  BEEV::ASTNode q = (*(nodestar)e);
-  //   b->Begin_RemoveWrites = true;
-  //   BEEV::ASTNode q = b->SimplifyFormula_TopLevel(*((nodestar)e),false);
-  //   b->Begin_RemoveWrites = false;    
-  q.PL_Print(cout);
-}
-
-void vc_printExprFile(VC vc, Expr e, int fd) {
-  fdostream os(fd);
-  ((nodestar)e)->PL_Print(os);
-  //os.flush();
-}
-
-static void vc_printVarDeclsToStream(VC vc, ostream &os) {
-  for(BEEV::ASTVec::iterator i = decls->begin(),iend=decls->end();i!=iend;i++) {
-    node a = *i;
-    switch(a.GetType()) {
-    case BEEV::BITVECTOR_TYPE:
-      a.PL_Print(os);
-      os << " : BITVECTOR(" << a.GetValueWidth() << ");" << endl;
-      break;
-    case BEEV::ARRAY_TYPE:
-      a.PL_Print(os);
-      os << " : ARRAY " << "BITVECTOR(" << a.GetIndexWidth() << ") OF ";
-      os << "BITVECTOR(" << a.GetValueWidth() << ");" << endl;
-      break;
-    case BEEV::BOOLEAN_TYPE:
-      a.PL_Print(os);
-      os << " : BOOLEAN;" << endl;
-      break;
-    default:
-      BEEV::FatalError("vc_printDeclsToStream: Unsupported type",a);
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void vc_printVarDecls(VC vc) {
-  vc_printVarDeclsToStream(vc, cout);
-}
-
-static void vc_printAssertsToStream(VC vc, ostream &os, int simplify_print) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  BEEV::ASTVec v = b->GetAsserts();
-  for(BEEV::ASTVec::iterator i=v.begin(),iend=v.end();i!=iend;i++) {
-    b->Begin_RemoveWrites = true;
-    BEEV::ASTNode q = (simplify_print == 1) ? b->SimplifyFormula_TopLevel(*i,false) : *i;
-    q = (simplify_print == 1) ? b->SimplifyFormula_TopLevel(q,false) : q;
-    b->Begin_RemoveWrites = false;
-    os << "ASSERT( ";
-    q.PL_Print(os);
-    os << ");" << endl;
-  }
-}
-
-void vc_printAsserts(VC vc, int simplify_print) {
-  vc_printAssertsToStream(vc, cout, simplify_print);
-}
-
-void vc_printQueryStateToBuffer(VC vc, Expr e, char **buf, unsigned long *len, int simplify_print){
-  assert(vc);
-  assert(e);
-  assert(buf);
-  assert(len);
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-
-  // formate the state of the query
-  stringstream os;
-  vc_printVarDeclsToStream(vc, os);
-  os << "%----------------------------------------------------" << endl;
-  vc_printAssertsToStream(vc, os, simplify_print);
-  os << "%----------------------------------------------------" << endl;
-  os << "QUERY( ";
-  b->Begin_RemoveWrites = true;
-  BEEV::ASTNode q = (simplify_print == 1) ? b->SimplifyFormula_TopLevel(*((nodestar)e),false) : *(nodestar)e;
-  b->Begin_RemoveWrites = false;    
-  q.PL_Print(os);
-  os << " );" << endl;
-
-  // convert to a c buffer
-  string s = os.str();
-  const char *cstr = s.c_str();
-  unsigned long size = s.size() + 1; // number of chars + terminating null
-  *buf = (char *)malloc(size);
-  if (!(*buf)) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "malloc(%lu) failed.", size);
-    assert(*buf);
-  }
-  *len = size;
-  memcpy(*buf, cstr, size);
-}
-
-void vc_printCounterExampleToBuffer(VC vc, char **buf, unsigned long *len) {
-  assert(vc);
-  assert(buf);
-  assert(len);
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-
-  // formate the state of the query
-  std::ostringstream os;
-  BEEV::print_counterexample = true;
-  os << "COUNTEREXAMPLE BEGIN: \n";
-  b->PrintCounterExample(true,os);
-  os << "COUNTEREXAMPLE END: \n";
-
-  // convert to a c buffer
-  string s = os.str();
-  const char *cstr = s.c_str();
-  unsigned long size = s.size() + 1; // number of chars + terminating null
-  *buf = (char *)malloc(size);
-  if (!(*buf)) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "malloc(%lu) failed.", size);
-    assert(*buf);
-  }
-  *len = size;
-  memcpy(*buf, cstr, size);
-}
-
-void vc_printExprToBuffer(VC vc, Expr e, char **buf, unsigned long * len) {
-  stringstream os;
-  //bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  BEEV::ASTNode q = *((nodestar)e);
-  // b->Begin_RemoveWrites = true;
-  //   BEEV::ASTNode q = b->SimplifyFormula_TopLevel(*((nodestar)e),false);
-  //   b->Begin_RemoveWrites = false;    
-  q.PL_Print(os);
-  //((nodestar)e)->PL_Print(os);
-  string s = os.str();
-  const char * cstr = s.c_str();
-  unsigned long size = s.size() + 1; // number of chars + terminating null
-  *buf = (char *)malloc(size);
-  *len = size;
-  memcpy(*buf, cstr, size);
-}
-
-void vc_printQuery(VC vc){
-  ostream& os = std::cout;
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  os << "QUERY(";
-  //b->Begin_RemoveWrites = true;
-  //BEEV::ASTNode q = b->SimplifyFormula_TopLevel(b->GetQuery(),false);
-  BEEV::ASTNode q = b->GetQuery();
-  //b->Begin_RemoveWrites = false;    
-  q.PL_Print(os);
-  // b->GetQuery().PL_Print(os);
-  os << ");" << endl;
-}
-
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Array-related methods                                                   //
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-//! Create an array type
-Type vc_arrayType(VC vc, Type typeIndex, Type typeData) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar ti = (nodestar)typeIndex;
-  nodestar td = (nodestar)typeData;
-
-  if(!(ti->GetKind() == BEEV::BITVECTOR && (*ti)[0].GetKind() == BEEV::BVCONST))
-    BEEV::FatalError("Tyring to build array whose indextype i is not a BITVECTOR, where i = ",*ti);
-  if(!(td->GetKind()  == BEEV::BITVECTOR && (*td)[0].GetKind() == BEEV::BVCONST))
-    BEEV::FatalError("Trying to build an array whose valuetype v is not a BITVECTOR. where a = ",*td);
-  nodestar output = new node(b->CreateNode(BEEV::ARRAY,(*ti)[0],(*td)[0]));
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return (Type)output;
-}
-
-//! Create an expression for the value of array at the given index
-Expr vc_readExpr(VC vc, Expr array, Expr index) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)array;
-  nodestar i = (nodestar)index;
-  
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*a);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*i);
-  node o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::READ,a->GetValueWidth(),*a,*i);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-// //! Array update; equivalent to "array WITH [index] := newValue"
-Expr vc_writeExpr(VC vc, Expr array, Expr index, Expr newValue) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)array;
-  nodestar i = (nodestar)index;
-  nodestar n = (nodestar)newValue;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*a);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*i);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*n);
-  node o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::WRITE,a->GetValueWidth(),*a,*i,*n);
-  o.SetIndexWidth(a->GetIndexWidth());
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Context-related methods                                                 //
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-//! Assert a new formula in the current context.  
-/*! The formula must have Boolean type. */
-void vc_assertFormula(VC vc, Expr e) {
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)e;
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-
-  if(!BEEV::is_Form_kind(a->GetKind()))
-    BEEV::FatalError("Trying to assert a NON formula: ",*a);
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*a);
-  b->AddAssert(*a);
-}
-
-//! Check validity of e in the current context.
-/*!  If the result is true, then the resulting context is the same as
- * the starting context.  If the result is false, then the resulting
- * context is a context in which e is false.  e must have Boolean
- * type. */
-int vc_query(VC vc, Expr e) {
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)e;
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-
- if(!BEEV::is_Form_kind(a->GetKind()))
-    BEEV::FatalError("CInterface: Trying to QUERY a NON formula: ",*a);
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*a);
-  b->AddQuery(*a);
-
-  const BEEV::ASTVec v = b->GetAsserts();
-  node o;
-  if(!v.empty()) {
-    if(v.size()==1)
-      return b->TopLevelSAT(v[0],*a);
-    else 
-      return b->TopLevelSAT(b->CreateNode(BEEV::AND,v),*a);
-  }
-  else
-    return b->TopLevelSAT(b->CreateNode(BEEV::TRUE),*a);
-}
-
-void vc_push(VC vc) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  b->ClearAllCaches();
-  b->Push();
-}
-
-void vc_pop(VC vc) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  b->Pop();
-}
-
-void vc_printCounterExample(VC vc) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  BEEV::print_counterexample = true;    
-  cout << "COUNTEREXAMPLE BEGIN: \n";
-  b->PrintCounterExample(true);
-  cout << "COUNTEREXAMPLE END: \n";
-}
-
-// //! Return the counterexample after a failed query.
-// /*! This method should only be called after a query which returns
-//  * false.  It will try to return the simplest possible set of
-//  * assertions which are sufficient to make the queried expression
-//  * false.  The caller is responsible for freeing the array when
-//  * finished with it.
-//  */
-
-Expr vc_getCounterExample(VC vc, Expr e) {
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)e;
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;    
-
-  bool t = false;
-  if(b->CounterExampleSize())
-    t = true;
-  nodestar output = new node(b->GetCounterExample(t, *a));  
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-int vc_counterexample_size(VC vc) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  return b->CounterExampleSize();
-}
-
-WholeCounterExample vc_getWholeCounterExample(VC vc) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  CompleteCEStar c = 
-    new BEEV::CompleteCounterExample(b->GetCompleteCounterExample(), b);
-  return c;
-}
-
-Expr vc_getTermFromCounterExample(VC vc, Expr e, CompleteCEStar cc) {
-  //bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar n = (nodestar)e;
-  CompleteCEStar c = (CompleteCEStar)cc;
-
-  nodestar output = new node(c->GetCounterExample(*n));
-  return output;
-}
-
-int vc_getBVLength(VC vc, Expr ex) {
-  nodestar e = (nodestar)ex;
-
-  if(BEEV::BITVECTOR_TYPE != e->GetType()) {
-    BEEV::FatalError("c_interface: vc_GetBVLength: Input expression must be a bit-vector");
-  }
-
-  return e->GetValueWidth();
-} // end of vc_getBVLength
-
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Expr Creation methods                                                   //
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-//! Create a variable with a given name and type 
-/*! The type cannot be a function type. */
-Expr vc_varExpr1(VC vc, char* name, 
-		int indexwidth, int valuewidth) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-
-  node o = b->CreateSymbol(name);
-  o.SetIndexWidth(indexwidth);
-  o.SetValueWidth(valuewidth);
-  
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  ////if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*output);
-
-  //store the decls in a vector for printing purposes
-  decls->push_back(o);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_varExpr(VC vc, char * name, Type type) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)type;
-
-  node o = b->CreateSymbol(name);
-  switch(a->GetKind()) {
-  case BEEV::BITVECTOR:
-    o.SetIndexWidth(0);
-    o.SetValueWidth(GetUnsignedConst((*a)[0]));
-    break;
-  case BEEV::ARRAY:
-    o.SetIndexWidth(GetUnsignedConst((*a)[0]));
-    o.SetValueWidth(GetUnsignedConst((*a)[1]));
-    break;
-  case BEEV::BOOLEAN:
-    o.SetIndexWidth(0);
-    o.SetValueWidth(0);
-    break;
-  default:
-    BEEV::FatalError("CInterface: vc_varExpr: Unsupported type",*a);
-    break;
-  }
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  ////if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*output);
-
-  //store the decls in a vector for printing purposes
-  decls->push_back(o);
-  return output;
-}
-
-//! Create an equality expression.  The two children must have the
-//same type.
-Expr vc_eqExpr(VC vc, Expr ccc0, Expr ccc1) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)ccc0;
-  nodestar aa = (nodestar)ccc1;
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*a);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*aa);
-  node o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::EQ,*a,*aa);
-
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_boolType(VC vc) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-
-  node o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::BOOLEAN);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// BOOLEAN EXPR Creation methods                                           //
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// The following functions create Boolean expressions.  The children
-// provided as arguments must be of type Boolean.
-Expr vc_trueExpr(VC vc) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  node c = b->CreateNode(BEEV::TRUE);
-  
-  nodestar d = new node(c);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(d);
-  return d;
-}
-
-Expr vc_falseExpr(VC vc) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  node c = b->CreateNode(BEEV::FALSE);
-  
-  nodestar d = new node(c);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(d);
-  return d;
-}
-
-Expr vc_notExpr(VC vc, Expr ccc) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)ccc;
-  
-  node o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::NOT,*a);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_andExpr(VC vc, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-  
-  node o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::AND,*l,*r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_orExpr(VC vc, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  node o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::OR,*l,*r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_andExprN(VC vc, Expr* cc, int n) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar * c = (nodestar *)cc;
-  nodelist d;
-  
-  for(int i =0; i < n; i++)
-    d.push_back(*c[i]);
-  
-  node o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::AND,d);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-
-Expr vc_orExprN(VC vc, Expr* cc, int n) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar * c = (nodestar *)cc;
-  nodelist d;
-  
-  for(int i =0; i < n; i++)
-    d.push_back(*c[i]);
-  
-  node o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::OR,d);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_iteExpr(VC vc, Expr cond, Expr thenpart, Expr elsepart){
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar c = (nodestar)cond;
-  nodestar t = (nodestar)thenpart;
-  nodestar e = (nodestar)elsepart;
-  
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*c);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*t);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*e);
-  node o;
-  //if the user asks for a formula then produce a formula, else
-  //prodcue a term
-  if(BEEV::BOOLEAN_TYPE == t->GetType())
-    o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::ITE,*c,*t,*e);
-  else {
-    o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::ITE,t->GetValueWidth(),*c,*t,*e);
-    o.SetIndexWidth(t->GetIndexWidth());
-  }
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_impliesExpr(VC vc, Expr antecedent, Expr consequent){
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar c = (nodestar)antecedent;
-  nodestar t = (nodestar)consequent;
-  
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*c);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*t);
-  node o;
-
-  o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::IMPLIES,*c,*t);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_iffExpr(VC vc, Expr e0, Expr e1){
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar c = (nodestar)e0;
-  nodestar t = (nodestar)e1;
-  
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*c);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*t);
-  node o;
-
-  o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::IFF,*c,*t);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_boolToBVExpr(VC vc, Expr form) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar c = (nodestar)form;
-  
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*c);
-  if(!is_Form_kind(c->GetKind()))
-    BEEV::FatalError("CInterface: vc_BoolToBVExpr: You have input a NON formula:",*c);
-  
-  node o;
-  node one = b->CreateOneConst(1); 
-  node zero = b->CreateZeroConst(1);  
-  o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::ITE,1,*c,one,zero);
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// BITVECTOR EXPR Creation methods                                         //
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-Type vc_bvType(VC vc, int num_bits) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  
-  if(!(0 < num_bits))
-    BEEV::FatalError("CInterface: number of bits in a bvtype must be a positive integer:", 
-		     b->CreateNode(BEEV::UNDEFINED));
-
-  node e = b->CreateBVConst(32, num_bits);
-  nodestar output = new node(b->CreateNode(BEEV::BITVECTOR,e));
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Type vc_bv32Type(VC vc) {
-  return vc_bvType(vc,32);
-}
-
-
-Expr vc_bvConstExprFromStr(VC vc, char* binary_repr) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-
-  node n = b->CreateBVConst(binary_repr,2);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(n);
-  nodestar output = new node(n);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvConstExprFromInt(VC vc,
-			   int n_bits, 
-			   unsigned int value) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-
-  unsigned long long int v = (unsigned long long int)value;
-  node n = b->CreateBVConst(n_bits, v);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(n);
-  nodestar output = new node(n);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvConstExprFromLL(VC vc,
-			  int n_bits, 
-			  unsigned long long value) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  
-  node n = b->CreateBVConst(n_bits, value);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(n);
-  nodestar output = new node(n);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvConcatExpr(VC vc, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o =
-    b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVCONCAT,
-		  l->GetValueWidth()+ r->GetValueWidth(),*l,*r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvPlusExpr(VC vc, int n_bits, Expr left, Expr right){
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVPLUS,n_bits, *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-
-Expr vc_bv32PlusExpr(VC vc, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  return vc_bvPlusExpr(vc, 32, left, right);
-}
-
-
-Expr vc_bvMinusExpr(VC vc, int n_bits, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVSUB,n_bits, *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-
-Expr vc_bv32MinusExpr(VC vc, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  return vc_bvMinusExpr(vc, 32, left, right);
-}
-
-
-Expr vc_bvMultExpr(VC vc, int n_bits, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVMULT,n_bits, *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvDivExpr(VC vc, int n_bits, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVDIV,n_bits, *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvModExpr(VC vc, int n_bits, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVMOD,n_bits, *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_sbvDivExpr(VC vc, int n_bits, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::SBVDIV,n_bits, *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_sbvModExpr(VC vc, int n_bits, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::SBVMOD,n_bits, *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_bv32MultExpr(VC vc, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  return vc_bvMultExpr(vc, 32, left, right);
-}
-
-
-// unsigned comparators
-Expr vc_bvLtExpr(VC vc, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::BVLT, *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvLeExpr(VC vc, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::BVLE, *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvGtExpr(VC vc, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::BVGT, *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvGeExpr(VC vc, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::BVGE, *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-// signed comparators
-Expr vc_sbvLtExpr(VC vc, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::BVSLT, *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_sbvLeExpr(VC vc, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::BVSLE, *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_sbvGtExpr(VC vc, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::BVSGT, *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_sbvGeExpr(VC vc, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::BVSGE, *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvUMinusExpr(VC vc, Expr ccc) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)ccc;
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*a);
-
-  node o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVUMINUS, a->GetValueWidth(), *a);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-// bitwise operations: these are terms not formulas
-Expr vc_bvAndExpr(VC vc, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVAND, (*l).GetValueWidth(), *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvOrExpr(VC vc, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVOR, (*l).GetValueWidth(), *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvXorExpr(VC vc, Expr left, Expr right) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar l = (nodestar)left;
-  nodestar r = (nodestar)right;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*l);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*r);
-  node o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVXOR, (*l).GetValueWidth(), *l, *r);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvNotExpr(VC vc, Expr ccc) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)ccc;
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*a);
-  node o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVNEG, a->GetValueWidth(), *a);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvLeftShiftExpr(VC vc, int sh_amt, Expr ccc) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)ccc;
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*a);
-
-  //convert leftshift to bvconcat
-  if(0 != sh_amt) {
-    node len = b->CreateBVConst(sh_amt, 0);
-    node o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVCONCAT, a->GetValueWidth() + sh_amt, *a, len);
-    b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-    nodestar output = new node(o);
-    //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-    return output;
-  }
-  else
-    return a;
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvRightShiftExpr(VC vc, int sh_amt, Expr ccc) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)ccc;
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*a);
-  
-  unsigned int w = a->GetValueWidth();  
-  //the amount by which you are rightshifting
-  //is less-than/equal-to the length of input
-  //bitvector  
-  if(0 < (unsigned)sh_amt && (unsigned)sh_amt <= w) {
-    node len = b->CreateBVConst(sh_amt, 0);
-    node hi = b->CreateBVConst(32,w-1);
-    node low = b->CreateBVConst(32,sh_amt);
-    node extract = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVEXTRACT,w-sh_amt,*a,hi,low);
-
-    node n = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVCONCAT, w,len, extract);
-    b->BVTypeCheck(n);
-    nodestar output = new node(n);
-    //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-    return output;
-  }
-  else if(sh_amt == 0)
-    return a;
-  else {
-    if(0== w)
-      BEEV::FatalError("CInterface: vc_bvRightShiftExpr: cannot have a bitvector of length 0:",*a);
-    nodestar output = new node(b->CreateBVConst(w,0));
-    //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-    return output;
-  }
-}
-
-/* Same as vc_bvLeftShift only that the answer in 32 bits long */
-Expr vc_bv32LeftShiftExpr(VC vc, int sh_amt, Expr child) {
-  return vc_bvExtract(vc, vc_bvLeftShiftExpr(vc, sh_amt, child), 31, 0);
-}
-
-/* Same as vc_bvRightShift only that the answer in 32 bits long */
-Expr vc_bv32RightShiftExpr(VC vc, int sh_amt, Expr child) {
-  return vc_bvExtract(vc, vc_bvRightShiftExpr(vc, sh_amt, child), 31, 0);
-}
-
-
-Expr vc_bvVar32LeftShiftExpr(VC vc, Expr sh_amt, Expr child) {
-  Expr ifpart;
-  Expr thenpart;
-  Expr elsepart = vc_trueExpr(vc);
-  Expr ite = vc_trueExpr(vc);
-
-  for(int count=32; count >= 0; count--){
-    if(count != 32) {
-      ifpart = vc_eqExpr(vc, sh_amt, 
-			 vc_bvConstExprFromInt(vc, 32, count));
-      thenpart = vc_bvExtract(vc,
-			      vc_bvLeftShiftExpr(vc, count, child),
-			      31, 0);
-
-      ite = vc_iteExpr(vc,ifpart,thenpart,elsepart);
-      elsepart = ite;
-    } 
-    else
-      elsepart = vc_bvConstExprFromInt(vc,32, 0);    
-  }  
-  return ite;  
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvVar32DivByPowOfTwoExpr(VC vc, Expr child, Expr rhs) {
-  Expr ifpart;
-  Expr thenpart;
-  Expr elsepart = vc_trueExpr(vc);
-  Expr ite = vc_trueExpr(vc);
-
-  for(int count=32; count >= 0; count--){
-    if(count != 32) {
-      ifpart = vc_eqExpr(vc, rhs, 
-			 vc_bvConstExprFromInt(vc, 32, 1 << count));      
-      thenpart = vc_bvRightShiftExpr(vc, count, child);      
-      ite = vc_iteExpr(vc,ifpart,thenpart,elsepart);
-      elsepart = ite;
-    } else {
-      elsepart = vc_bvConstExprFromInt(vc,32, 0);
-    }    
-  }  
-  return ite;  
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvVar32RightShiftExpr(VC vc, Expr sh_amt, Expr child) {
-  Expr ifpart;
-  Expr thenpart;
-  Expr elsepart = vc_trueExpr(vc);
-  Expr ite = vc_trueExpr(vc);
-
-  for(int count=32; count >= 0; count--){
-    if(count != 32) {
-      ifpart = vc_eqExpr(vc, sh_amt, 
-			 vc_bvConstExprFromInt(vc, 32, count));      
-      thenpart = vc_bvRightShiftExpr(vc, count, child);      
-      ite = vc_iteExpr(vc,ifpart,thenpart,elsepart);
-      elsepart = ite;
-    } else {
-      elsepart = vc_bvConstExprFromInt(vc,32, 0);
-    }    
-  }  
-  return ite;  
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvExtract(VC vc, Expr ccc, int hi_num, int low_num) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)ccc;
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*a);
-
-  node hi = b->CreateBVConst(32,hi_num);
-  node low = b->CreateBVConst(32,low_num);
-  node o = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVEXTRACT,hi_num-low_num+1,*a,hi,low);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvBoolExtract(VC vc, Expr ccc, int bit_num) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)ccc;
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*a);
-
-  node bit = b->CreateBVConst(32,bit_num);
-  //node o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::BVGETBIT,*a,bit);  
-  node zero = b->CreateBVConst(1,0);
-  node oo = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVEXTRACT,1,*a,bit,bit);
-  node o = b->CreateNode(BEEV::EQ,oo,zero);
-  b->BVTypeCheck(o);
-  nodestar output = new node(o);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output; 
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvSignExtend(VC vc, Expr ccc, int nbits) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)ccc;
-  
-  //width of the expr which is being sign extended. nbits is the
-  //resulting length of the signextended expr
-  b->BVTypeCheck(*a);
-  
-  unsigned exprlen = a->GetValueWidth();
-  unsigned outputlen = nbits;
-  node n;
-  if(exprlen >= outputlen) {
-    //extract
-    node hi = b->CreateBVConst(32,outputlen-1);
-    node low = b->CreateBVConst(32,0);
-    n = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVEXTRACT,nbits,*a,hi,low);
-    b->BVTypeCheck(n);
-  }
-  else {
-    //sign extend
-    BEEV::ASTNode width = b->CreateBVConst(32,nbits);
-    n = b->CreateTerm(BEEV::BVSX,nbits,*a, width);
-  }
-
-  b->BVTypeCheck(n);
-  nodestar output = new node(n);
-  //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-//! Return an int from a constant bitvector expression
-int getBVInt(Expr e) {
-  //bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)e;
-
-  if(BEEV::BVCONST != a->GetKind())
-    BEEV::FatalError("CInterface: getBVInt: Attempting to extract int value from a NON-constant BITVECTOR: ",*a);
-  return (int)GetUnsignedConst(*a);
-}
-
-//! Return an unsigned int from a constant bitvector expression
-unsigned int getBVUnsigned(Expr e) {
-  //bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)e;
-
-  if(BEEV::BVCONST != a->GetKind())
-    BEEV::FatalError("getBVUnsigned: Attempting to extract int value from a NON-constant BITVECTOR: ",*a);
-  return (unsigned int)GetUnsignedConst(*a);
-}
-
-//! Return an unsigned long long int from a constant bitvector expression
-unsigned long long int getBVUnsignedLongLong(Expr e) {
-  //bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)e;
-
-  if(BEEV::BVCONST != a->GetKind())
-    BEEV::FatalError("getBVUnsigned: Attempting to extract int value from a NON-constant BITVECTOR: ",*a);
-#ifdef NATIVE_C_ARITH
-  return (unsigned long long int)a->GetBVConst();
-#else
-  unsigned* bv = a->GetBVConst();
-
-  char * str_bv  = (char *)CONSTANTBV::BitVector_to_Bin(bv);
-  unsigned long long int tmp = strtoull(str_bv,NULL,2);
-  CONSTANTBV::BitVector_Dispose((unsigned char *)str_bv);
-  return tmp;
-#endif
-}
-
-
-Expr vc_simplify(VC vc, Expr e) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)e;
-
-  if(BEEV::BOOLEAN_TYPE == a->GetType()) {
-    nodestar output = new node(b->SimplifyFormula_TopLevel(*a,false));
-    //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-    b->Begin_RemoveWrites = true;
-    output = new node(b->SimplifyFormula_TopLevel(*output,false));
-    b->Begin_RemoveWrites = false;
-    return output;    
-  }
-  else {
-    nodestar output = new node(b->SimplifyTerm(*a));
-    //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-    b->Begin_RemoveWrites = true;
-    output = new node(b->SimplifyTerm(*output));
-    b->Begin_RemoveWrites = false;
-    return output;
-  }
-}
-
-/* C pointer support: C interface to support C memory arrays in CVCL */
-Expr vc_bvCreateMemoryArray(VC vc, char * arrayName) {
-  Type bv8  = vc_bvType(vc,8);
-  Type bv32 = vc_bvType(vc,32);
-  
-  Type malloced_mem0 = vc_arrayType(vc,bv32,bv8);
-  return vc_varExpr(vc, arrayName, malloced_mem0);
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvReadMemoryArray(VC vc, 
-			  Expr array, 
-			  Expr byteIndex, int numOfBytes) {
-  if(!(numOfBytes > 0))
-    BEEV::FatalError("numOfBytes must be greater than 0");
-
-  if(numOfBytes == 1)
-    return vc_readExpr(vc,array,byteIndex);
-  else {
-    int count = 1;
-    Expr a = vc_readExpr(vc,array,byteIndex);
-    while(--numOfBytes > 0) {
-      Expr b = vc_readExpr(vc,array,
-			   /*vc_simplify(vc, */
-				       vc_bvPlusExpr(vc, 32, 
-						     byteIndex,
-						     vc_bvConstExprFromInt(vc,32,count)))/*)*/;
-      a = vc_bvConcatExpr(vc,b,a);
-      count++;
-    }
-    return a;
-  }    
-}
-
-Expr vc_bvWriteToMemoryArray(VC vc, 
-			     Expr array, Expr byteIndex, 
-			     Expr element, int numOfBytes) {
-  if(!(numOfBytes > 0))
-    BEEV::FatalError("numOfBytes must be greater than 0");
-	    
-  int newBitsPerElem = numOfBytes*8;
-  if(numOfBytes == 1)
-    return vc_writeExpr(vc, array, byteIndex, element);
-  else {
-    int count = 1;
-    int hi = newBitsPerElem - 1;
-    int low = newBitsPerElem - 8;
-    int low_elem = 0;
-    int hi_elem = low_elem + 7;
-    Expr c = vc_bvExtract(vc, element, hi_elem, low_elem);
-    Expr newarray = vc_writeExpr(vc, array, byteIndex, c);
-    while(--numOfBytes > 0) {
-      hi = low-1;
-      low = low-8;      
-
-      low_elem = low_elem + 8;
-      hi_elem = low_elem + 7;
-
-      c = vc_bvExtract(vc, element, hi_elem, low_elem);
-      newarray = 
-	vc_writeExpr(vc, newarray,
-		     vc_bvPlusExpr(vc, 32, byteIndex, vc_bvConstExprFromInt(vc,32,count)),
-		     c);
-      count++;
-    }
-    return newarray;
-  }    
-}
-
-Expr vc_bv32ConstExprFromInt(VC vc, unsigned int value){
-  return vc_bvConstExprFromInt(vc, 32, value);
-}
-
-
-#if 0
-static char *val_to_binary_str(unsigned nbits, unsigned long long val) {
-        char s[65];
-
-	assert(nbits < sizeof s);
-        strcpy(s, "");
-        while(nbits-- > 0) {
-                if((val >> nbits) & 1)
-                        strcat(s, "1");
-                else
-                        strcat(s, "0");
-        }
-        return strdup(s);
-}
-#endif
-
-char* exprString(Expr e){
-  stringstream ss;
-  ((nodestar)e)->PL_Print(ss,0);
-  string s = ss.str();
-  char *copy = strdup(s.c_str());
-  return copy;
-}
-
-char* typeString(Type t){
-  stringstream ss;
-  ((nodestar)t)->PL_Print(ss,0);
-
-  string s = ss.str();
-  char *copy = strdup(s.c_str());
-  return copy;
-}
-
-Expr getChild(Expr e, int i){
-  nodestar a = (nodestar)e;
-
-  BEEV::ASTVec c = a->GetChildren();
-  if ((unsigned)i < c.size()) {
-    BEEV::ASTNode o = c[i];
-    nodestar output = new node(o);
-    //if(cinterface_exprdelete_on) created_exprs.push_back(output);
-    return output;
-  }
-  else 
-    BEEV::FatalError("getChild: Error accessing childNode in expression: ",*a);
-  return a;
-}
-
-void vc_registerErrorHandler(void (*error_hdlr)(const char* err_msg)) {
-  BEEV::vc_error_hdlr = error_hdlr;
-}
-
-
-int vc_getHashQueryStateToBuffer(VC vc, Expr query) {
-  assert(vc);
-  assert(query);
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  nodestar qry = (nodestar)query;
-  BEEV::ASTVec v = b->GetAsserts(); 
-  BEEV::ASTNode out = b->CreateNode(BEEV::AND,b->CreateNode(BEEV::NOT,*qry),v);
-  return out.Hash();
-}
-
-Type vc_getType(VC vc, Expr ex) {
-  nodestar e = (nodestar)ex;
-
-  switch(e->GetType()) {
-  case BEEV::BOOLEAN_TYPE:
-    return vc_boolType(vc);
-    break;      
-  case BEEV::BITVECTOR_TYPE:
-    return vc_bvType(vc,e->GetValueWidth());
-    break;
-  case BEEV::ARRAY_TYPE: {
-    Type typeindex = vc_bvType(vc,e->GetIndexWidth());
-    Type typedata = vc_bvType(vc,e->GetValueWidth());
-    return vc_arrayType(vc,typeindex,typedata);
-    break;
-  }
-  default:
-    BEEV::FatalError("c_interface: vc_GetType: expression with bad typing: please check your expression construction");
-    return vc_boolType(vc);
-    break;
-  }
-}// end of vc_gettype()
-
-//!if e is TRUE then return 1; if e is FALSE then return 0; otherwise
-//return -1
-int vc_isBool(Expr e) {
-  nodestar input = (nodestar)e;
-  if(BEEV::TRUE == input->GetKind()) {
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  if(BEEV::FALSE == input->GetKind()) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  return -1;
-}
-
-void vc_Destroy(VC vc) {
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  // for(std::vector<BEEV::ASTNode *>::iterator it=created_exprs.begin(),
-  // 	itend=created_exprs.end();it!=itend;it++) {
-  //     BEEV::ASTNode * aaa = *it;
-  //     delete aaa;
-  //   }
-  delete decls;
-  delete b;
-}
-
-void vc_DeleteExpr(Expr e) {
-  nodestar input = (nodestar)e;
-  //bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  delete input;
-}
-
-exprkind_t getExprKind(Expr e) {
-  nodestar input = (nodestar)e;
-  return (exprkind_t)(input->GetKind());  
-}
-
-int getDegree (Expr e) {
-  nodestar input = (nodestar)e;
-  return input->Degree();
-}
-
-int getBVLength(Expr ex) {
-  nodestar e = (nodestar)ex;
-
-  if(BEEV::BITVECTOR_TYPE != e->GetType()) {
-    BEEV::FatalError("c_interface: vc_GetBVLength: Input expression must be a bit-vector");
-  }
-
-  return e->GetValueWidth();
-} 
-
-type_t getType (Expr ex) {
-  nodestar e = (nodestar)ex;
-    
-  return (type_t)(e->GetType());
-}
-
-int getVWidth (Expr ex) {
-  nodestar e = (nodestar)ex;
-
-  return e->GetValueWidth();
-}
-
-int getIWidth (Expr ex) {
-  nodestar e = (nodestar)ex;
-
-  return e->GetIndexWidth();
-}
-
-void vc_printCounterExampleFile(VC vc, int fd) {
-  fdostream os(fd);
-  bmstar b = (bmstar)vc;
-  BEEV::print_counterexample = true;    
-  os << "COUNTEREXAMPLE BEGIN: \n";
-  b->PrintCounterExample(true, os);
-  os << "COUNTEREXAMPLE END: \n";
-}
-
-const char* exprName(Expr e){
-    return ((nodestar)e)->GetName();
-}
-
-int getExprID (Expr ex) {
-    BEEV::ASTNode q = (*(nodestar)ex);
-
-    return q.GetNodeNum();
-}