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-rw-r--r--stp/constantbv/Makefile13
-rw-r--r--stp/constantbv/constantbv.cpp3571
-rw-r--r--stp/constantbv/constantbv.h316
3 files changed, 3900 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/stp/constantbv/Makefile b/stp/constantbv/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd94ad94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stp/constantbv/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+include ../Makefile.common
+
+SRCS = constantbv.cpp
+OBJS = $(SRCS:.cpp=.o)
+
+libconstantbv.a: $(OBJS)
+	$(AR) rc $@ $^
+	$(RANLIB) $@
+
+clean:	
+	rm -rf *.o *~ *.a .#*
+
+constantbv.o: constantbv.h
diff --git a/stp/constantbv/constantbv.cpp b/stp/constantbv/constantbv.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..65698981
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stp/constantbv/constantbv.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,3571 @@
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*  AUTHOR:                                                                  */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*                                                                           */
+/*    Steffen Beyer                                                          */
+/*    mailto:sb@engelschall.com                                              */
+/*    http://www.engelschall.com/u/sb/download/                              */
+/*                                                                           */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*  COPYRIGHT:                                                               */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*                                                                           */
+/*    Copyright (c) 1995 - 2004 by Steffen Beyer.                            */
+/*    All rights reserved.                                                   */
+/*                                                                           */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*  LICENSE:                                                                 */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*                                                                           */
+/*    This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or          */
+/*    modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public            */
+/*    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either           */
+/*    version 2 of the License, || (at your option) any later version.       */
+/*                                                                           */
+/*    This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,        */
+/*    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of         */
+/*    MERCHANTABILITY || FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU       */
+/*    Library General Public License for more details.                       */
+/*                                                                           */
+/*    You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public      */
+/*    License along with this library; if not, write to the                  */
+/*    Free Software Foundation, Inc.,                                        */
+/*    59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA                  */
+/*                                                                           */
+/*    || download a copy from ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/COPYING.LIB-2.0      */
+/*                                                                           */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*  MODULE NAME:  constantbv.cpp                       MODULE TYPE:constantbv*/
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*  MODULE IMPORTS:                                                          */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>                                 /*  MODULE TYPE:  (sys)  */
+#include <limits.h>                                 /*  MODULE TYPE:  (sys)  */
+#include <string.h>                                 /*  MODULE TYPE:  (sys)  */
+#include <ctype.h>                                  /*  MODULE TYPE:  (sys)  */
+#include "constantbv.h"
+
+namespace CONSTANTBV {
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*  MODULE IMPLEMENTATION:                                                   */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+    /**********************************************/
+    /* global implementation-intrinsic constants: */
+    /**********************************************/
+
+#define BIT_VECTOR_HIDDEN_WORDS 3
+
+    /*****************************************************************/
+    /* global machine-dependent constants (set by "BitVector_Boot"): */
+    /*****************************************************************/
+
+static unsigned int BITS;     /* = # of bits in machine word (must be power of 2)  */
+static unsigned int MODMASK;  /* = BITS - 1 (mask for calculating modulo BITS)     */
+static unsigned int LOGBITS;  /* = ld(BITS) (logarithmus dualis)                   */
+static unsigned int FACTOR;   /* = ld(BITS / 8) (ld of # of bytes)                 */
+
+static unsigned int LSB = 1;  /* = mask for least significant bit                  */
+static unsigned int MSB;      /* = mask for most significant bit                   */
+
+static unsigned int LONGBITS; /* = # of bits in unsigned long                      */
+
+static unsigned int LOG10;    /* = logarithm to base 10 of BITS - 1                */
+static unsigned int EXP10;    /* = largest possible power of 10 in signed int      */
+
+    /********************************************************************/
+    /* global bit mask table for fast access (set by "BitVector_Boot"): */
+    /********************************************************************/
+
+static unsigned int *  BITMASKTAB;
+
+    /*****************************/
+    /* global macro definitions: */
+    /*****************************/
+
+#define BIT_VECTOR_ZERO_WORDS(target,count) \
+    while (count-- > 0) *target++ = 0;
+
+#define BIT_VECTOR_FILL_WORDS(target,fill,count) \
+    while (count-- > 0) *target++ = fill;
+
+#define BIT_VECTOR_FLIP_WORDS(target,flip,count) \
+    while (count-- > 0) *target++ ^= flip;
+
+#define BIT_VECTOR_COPY_WORDS(target,source,count) \
+    while (count-- > 0) *target++ = *source++;
+
+#define BIT_VECTOR_BACK_WORDS(target,source,count) \
+    { target += count; source += count; while (count-- > 0) *--target = *--source; }
+
+#define BIT_VECTOR_CLR_BIT(address,index) \
+    *(address+(index>>LOGBITS)) &= ~ BITMASKTAB[index & MODMASK];
+
+#define BIT_VECTOR_SET_BIT(address,index) \
+    *(address+(index>>LOGBITS)) |= BITMASKTAB[index & MODMASK];
+
+#define BIT_VECTOR_TST_BIT(address,index) \
+    ((*(address+(index>>LOGBITS)) & BITMASKTAB[index & MODMASK]) != 0)
+
+#define BIT_VECTOR_FLP_BIT(address,index,mask) \
+    (mask = BITMASKTAB[index & MODMASK]), \
+    (((*(addr+(index>>LOGBITS)) ^= mask) & mask) != 0)
+
+#define BIT_VECTOR_DIGITIZE(type,value,digit) \
+    value = (type) ((digit = value) / 10); \
+    digit -= value * 10; \
+    digit += (type) '0';
+
+    /*********************************************************/
+    /* private low-level functions (potentially dangerous!): */
+    /*********************************************************/
+
+static unsigned int power10(unsigned int x) {
+    unsigned int y = 1;
+
+    while (x-- > 0) y *= 10;
+    return(y);
+}
+
+static void BIT_VECTOR_zro_words(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int count) {
+    BIT_VECTOR_ZERO_WORDS(addr,count)
+}
+
+static void BIT_VECTOR_cpy_words(unsigned int *  target, 
+				 unsigned int *  source, unsigned int count) {
+    BIT_VECTOR_COPY_WORDS(target,source,count)
+}
+
+static void BIT_VECTOR_mov_words(unsigned int *  target, 
+				 unsigned int *  source, unsigned int count) {
+    if (target != source) {
+        if (target < source) BIT_VECTOR_COPY_WORDS(target,source,count)
+        else                 BIT_VECTOR_BACK_WORDS(target,source,count)
+    }
+}
+
+static void BIT_VECTOR_ins_words(unsigned int *  addr, 
+				 unsigned int total, unsigned int count, boolean clear) {
+    unsigned int length;
+
+    if ((total > 0) && (count > 0)) {
+        if (count > total) count = total;
+        length = total - count;
+        if (length > 0) BIT_VECTOR_mov_words(addr+count,addr,length);
+        if (clear)      BIT_VECTOR_zro_words(addr,count);
+    }
+}
+
+static void BIT_VECTOR_del_words(unsigned int *  addr, 
+				 unsigned int total, unsigned int count, boolean clear) {
+    unsigned int length;
+
+    if ((total > 0) && (count > 0)) {
+        if (count > total) count = total;
+        length = total - count;
+        if (length > 0) BIT_VECTOR_mov_words(addr,addr+count,length);
+        if (clear)      BIT_VECTOR_zro_words(addr+length,count);
+    }
+}
+
+static void BIT_VECTOR_reverse(unsigned char * string, unsigned int length) {
+    unsigned char * last;
+    unsigned char  temp;
+
+    if (length > 1) {
+        last = string + length - 1;
+        while (string < last) {
+            temp = *string;
+            *string = *last;
+            *last = temp;
+            string++;
+            last--;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static unsigned int BIT_VECTOR_int2str(unsigned char * string, unsigned int value) {
+    unsigned int  length;
+    unsigned int  digit;
+    unsigned char * work;
+
+    work = string;
+    if (value > 0) {
+        length = 0;
+        while (value > 0) {
+            BIT_VECTOR_DIGITIZE(unsigned int,value,digit)
+            *work++ = (unsigned char) digit;
+            length++;
+        }
+        BIT_VECTOR_reverse(string,length);
+    }
+    else {
+        length = 1;
+        *work++ = (unsigned char) '0';
+    }
+    return(length);
+}
+
+static unsigned int BIT_VECTOR_str2int(unsigned char * string, unsigned int *value) {
+    unsigned int  length;
+    unsigned int  digit;
+
+    *value = 0;
+    length = 0;
+    digit = (unsigned int) *string++;
+    /* separate because isdigit() is likely a macro! */
+    while (isdigit((int)digit) != 0) {
+        length++;
+        digit -= (unsigned int) '0';
+        if (*value) *value *= 10;
+        *value += digit;
+        digit = (unsigned int) *string++;
+    }
+    return(length);
+}
+
+    /********************************************/
+    /* routine to convert error code to string: */
+    /********************************************/
+
+unsigned char * BitVector_Error(ErrCode error) {
+    switch (error) {
+        case ErrCode_Ok:   return( (unsigned char *)     NULL     ); break;
+        case ErrCode_Type: return( (unsigned char *) ERRCODE_TYPE ); break;
+        case ErrCode_Bits: return( (unsigned char *) ERRCODE_BITS ); break;
+        case ErrCode_Word: return( (unsigned char *) ERRCODE_WORD ); break;
+        case ErrCode_Long: return( (unsigned char *) ERRCODE_LONG ); break;
+        case ErrCode_Powr: return( (unsigned char *) ERRCODE_POWR ); break;
+        case ErrCode_Loga: return( (unsigned char *) ERRCODE_LOGA ); break;
+        case ErrCode_Null: return( (unsigned char *) ERRCODE_NULL ); break;
+        case ErrCode_Indx: return( (unsigned char *) ERRCODE_INDX ); break;
+        case ErrCode_Ordr: return( (unsigned char *) ERRCODE_ORDR ); break;
+        case ErrCode_Size: return( (unsigned char *) ERRCODE_SIZE ); break;
+        case ErrCode_Pars: return( (unsigned char *) ERRCODE_PARS ); break;
+        case ErrCode_Ovfl: return( (unsigned char *) ERRCODE_OVFL ); break;
+        case ErrCode_Same: return( (unsigned char *) ERRCODE_SAME ); break;
+        case ErrCode_Expo: return( (unsigned char *) ERRCODE_EXPO ); break;
+        case ErrCode_Zero: return( (unsigned char *) ERRCODE_ZERO ); break;
+        default:           return( (unsigned char *) ERRCODE_OOPS ); break;
+    }
+}
+
+    /*****************************************/
+    /* automatic self-configuration routine: */
+    /*****************************************/
+
+    /*******************************************************/
+    /*                                                     */
+    /*   MUST be called once prior to any other function   */
+    /*   to initialize the machine dependent constants     */
+    /*   of this package! (But call only ONCE, or you      */
+    /*   will suffer memory leaks!)                        */
+    /*                                                     */
+    /*******************************************************/
+
+ErrCode BitVector_Boot(void) {
+    unsigned long longsample = 1L;
+    unsigned int sample = LSB;
+    unsigned int lsb;
+
+    if (sizeof(unsigned int) > sizeof(size_t)) return(ErrCode_Type);
+
+    BITS = 1;
+    while (sample <<= 1) BITS++;    /* determine # of bits in a machine word */
+
+    if (BITS != (sizeof(unsigned int) << 3)) return(ErrCode_Bits);
+
+    if (BITS < 16) return(ErrCode_Word);
+
+    LONGBITS = 1;
+    while (longsample <<= 1) LONGBITS++;  /* = # of bits in an unsigned long */
+
+    if (BITS > LONGBITS) return(ErrCode_Long);
+
+    LOGBITS = 0;
+    sample = BITS;
+    lsb = (sample & LSB);
+    while ((sample >>= 1) && (! lsb)) {
+        LOGBITS++;
+        lsb = (sample & LSB);
+    }
+
+    if (sample) return(ErrCode_Powr);      /* # of bits is not a power of 2! */
+
+    if (BITS != (LSB << LOGBITS)) return(ErrCode_Loga);
+
+    MODMASK = BITS - 1;
+    FACTOR = LOGBITS - 3;  /* ld(BITS / 8) = ld(BITS) - ld(8) = ld(BITS) - 3 */
+    MSB = (LSB << MODMASK);
+
+    BITMASKTAB = (unsigned int * ) malloc((size_t) (BITS << FACTOR));
+
+    if (BITMASKTAB == NULL) return(ErrCode_Null);
+
+    for ( sample = 0; sample < BITS; sample++ ) {
+        BITMASKTAB[sample] = (LSB << sample);
+    }
+
+    LOG10 = (unsigned int) (MODMASK * 0.30103); /* = (BITS - 1) * ( ln 2 / ln 10 ) */
+    EXP10 = power10(LOG10);
+
+    return(ErrCode_Ok);
+}
+
+unsigned int BitVector_Size(unsigned int bits) {          /* bit vector size (# of words)  */
+    unsigned int size;
+
+    size = bits >> LOGBITS;
+    if (bits & MODMASK) size++;
+    return(size);
+}
+
+unsigned int BitVector_Mask(unsigned int bits)           /* bit vector mask (unused bits) */
+{
+    unsigned int mask;
+
+    mask = bits & MODMASK;
+    if (mask) mask = (unsigned int) ~(~0L << mask); else mask = (unsigned int) ~0L;
+    return(mask);
+}
+
+unsigned char * BitVector_Version(void)
+{
+    return((unsigned char *)"6.4");
+}
+
+unsigned int BitVector_Word_Bits(void)
+{
+    return(BITS);
+}
+
+unsigned int BitVector_Long_Bits(void)
+{
+    return(LONGBITS);
+}
+
+/********************************************************************/
+/*                                                                  */
+/*  WARNING: Do not "free()" constant character strings, i.e.,      */
+/*           don't call "BitVector_Dispose()" for strings returned  */
+/*           by "BitVector_Error()" or "BitVector_Version()"!       */
+/*                                                                  */
+/*  ONLY call this function for strings allocated with "malloc()",  */
+/*  i.e., the strings returned by the functions "BitVector_to_*()"  */
+/*  and "BitVector_Block_Read()"!                                   */
+/*                                                                  */
+/********************************************************************/
+
+void BitVector_Dispose(unsigned char * string)                      /* free string   */
+{
+    if (string != NULL) free((void *) string);
+}
+
+void BitVector_Destroy(unsigned int *  addr)                        /* free bitvec   */
+{
+    if (addr != NULL)
+    {
+        addr -= BIT_VECTOR_HIDDEN_WORDS;
+        free((void *) addr);
+    }
+}
+
+void BitVector_Destroy_List(unsigned int *  *  list, unsigned int count)      /* free list     */
+{
+    unsigned int *  *  slot;
+
+    if (list != NULL)
+    {
+        slot = list;
+        while (count-- > 0)
+        {
+            BitVector_Destroy(*slot++);
+        }
+        free((void *) list);
+    }
+}
+
+unsigned int *  BitVector_Create(unsigned int bits, boolean clear)         /* malloc        */
+{
+    unsigned int  size;
+    unsigned int  mask;
+    unsigned int  bytes;
+    unsigned int *  addr;
+    unsigned int *  zero;
+
+    size = BitVector_Size(bits);
+    mask = BitVector_Mask(bits);
+    bytes = (size + BIT_VECTOR_HIDDEN_WORDS) << FACTOR;
+    addr = (unsigned int * ) malloc((size_t) bytes);
+    if (addr != NULL)
+    {
+        *addr++ = bits;
+        *addr++ = size;
+        *addr++ = mask;
+        if (clear)
+        {
+            zero = addr;
+            BIT_VECTOR_ZERO_WORDS(zero,size)
+        }
+    }
+    return(addr);
+}
+
+unsigned int *  *  BitVector_Create_List(unsigned int bits, boolean clear, unsigned int count)
+{
+    unsigned int *  *  list = NULL;
+    unsigned int *  *  slot;
+    unsigned int *  addr;
+    unsigned int   i;
+
+    if (count > 0)
+    {
+        list = (unsigned int *  * ) malloc(sizeof(unsigned int * ) * count);
+        if (list != NULL)
+        {
+            slot = list;
+            for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ )
+            {
+                addr = BitVector_Create(bits,clear);
+                if (addr == NULL)
+                {
+                    BitVector_Destroy_List(list,i);
+                    return(NULL);
+                }
+                *slot++ = addr;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return(list);
+}
+
+unsigned int *  BitVector_Resize(unsigned int *  oldaddr, unsigned int bits)       /* realloc       */
+{
+    unsigned int  bytes;
+    unsigned int  oldsize;
+    unsigned int  oldmask;
+    unsigned int  newsize;
+    unsigned int  newmask;
+    unsigned int *  newaddr;
+    unsigned int *  source;
+    unsigned int *  target;
+
+    oldsize = size_(oldaddr);
+    oldmask = mask_(oldaddr);
+    newsize = BitVector_Size(bits);
+    newmask = BitVector_Mask(bits);
+    if (oldsize > 0) *(oldaddr+oldsize-1) &= oldmask;
+    if (newsize <= oldsize)
+    {
+        newaddr = oldaddr;
+        bits_(newaddr) = bits;
+        size_(newaddr) = newsize;
+        mask_(newaddr) = newmask;
+        if (newsize > 0) *(newaddr+newsize-1) &= newmask;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        bytes = (newsize + BIT_VECTOR_HIDDEN_WORDS) << FACTOR;
+        newaddr = (unsigned int * ) malloc((size_t) bytes);
+        if (newaddr != NULL)
+        {
+            *newaddr++ = bits;
+            *newaddr++ = newsize;
+            *newaddr++ = newmask;
+            target = newaddr;
+            source = oldaddr;
+            newsize -= oldsize;
+            BIT_VECTOR_COPY_WORDS(target,source,oldsize)
+            BIT_VECTOR_ZERO_WORDS(target,newsize)
+        }
+        BitVector_Destroy(oldaddr);
+    }
+    return(newaddr);
+}
+
+unsigned int *  BitVector_Shadow(unsigned int *  addr)     /* makes new, same size but empty */
+{
+    return( BitVector_Create(bits_(addr),true) );
+}
+
+unsigned int *  BitVector_Clone(unsigned int *  addr)               /* makes exact duplicate */
+{
+    unsigned int  bits;
+    unsigned int *  twin;
+
+    bits = bits_(addr);
+    twin = BitVector_Create(bits,false);
+    if ((twin != NULL) && (bits > 0))
+        BIT_VECTOR_cpy_words(twin,addr,size_(addr));
+    return(twin);
+}
+
+unsigned int *  BitVector_Concat(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y)      /* returns concatenation */
+{
+    /* BEWARE that X = most significant part, Y = least significant part! */
+
+    unsigned int  bitsX;
+    unsigned int  bitsY;
+    unsigned int  bitsZ;
+    unsigned int *  Z;
+
+    bitsX = bits_(X);
+    bitsY = bits_(Y);
+    bitsZ = bitsX + bitsY;
+    Z = BitVector_Create(bitsZ,false);
+    if ((Z != NULL) && (bitsZ > 0))
+    {
+        BIT_VECTOR_cpy_words(Z,Y,size_(Y));
+        BitVector_Interval_Copy(Z,X,bitsY,0,bitsX);
+        *(Z+size_(Z)-1) &= mask_(Z);
+    }
+    return(Z);
+}
+
+void BitVector_Copy(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y)                           /* X = Y */
+{
+    unsigned int  sizeX = size_(X);
+    unsigned int  sizeY = size_(Y);
+    unsigned int  maskX = mask_(X);
+    unsigned int  maskY = mask_(Y);
+    unsigned int  fill  = 0;
+    unsigned int *  lastX;
+    unsigned int *  lastY;
+
+    if ((X != Y) && (sizeX > 0))
+    {
+        lastX = X + sizeX - 1;
+        if (sizeY > 0)
+        {
+            lastY = Y + sizeY - 1;
+            if ( (*lastY & (maskY & ~ (maskY >> 1))) == 0 ) *lastY &= maskY;
+            else
+            {
+                fill = (unsigned int) ~0L;
+                *lastY |= ~ maskY;
+            }
+            while ((sizeX > 0) && (sizeY > 0))
+            {
+                *X++ = *Y++;
+                sizeX--;
+                sizeY--;
+            }
+            *lastY &= maskY;
+        }
+        while (sizeX-- > 0) *X++ = fill;
+        *lastX &= maskX;
+    }
+}
+
+void BitVector_Empty(unsigned int *  addr)                        /* X = {}  clr all */
+{
+    unsigned int size = size_(addr);
+
+    BIT_VECTOR_ZERO_WORDS(addr,size)
+}
+
+void BitVector_Fill(unsigned int *  addr)                         /* X = ~{} set all */
+{
+    unsigned int size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int mask = mask_(addr);
+    unsigned int fill = (unsigned int) ~0L;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        BIT_VECTOR_FILL_WORDS(addr,fill,size)
+        *(--addr) &= mask;
+    }
+}
+
+void BitVector_Flip(unsigned int *  addr)                         /* X = ~X flip all */
+{
+    unsigned int size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int mask = mask_(addr);
+    unsigned int flip = (unsigned int) ~0L;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        BIT_VECTOR_FLIP_WORDS(addr,flip,size)
+        *(--addr) &= mask;
+    }
+}
+
+void BitVector_Primes(unsigned int *  addr)
+{
+    unsigned int  bits = bits_(addr);
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int *  work;
+    unsigned int  temp;
+    unsigned int  i,j;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        temp = 0xAAAA;
+        i = BITS >> 4;
+        while (--i > 0)
+        {
+            temp <<= 16;
+            temp |= 0xAAAA;
+        }
+        i = size;
+        work = addr;
+        *work++ = temp ^ 0x0006;
+        while (--i > 0) *work++ = temp;
+        for ( i = 3; (j = i * i) < bits; i += 2 )
+        {
+            for ( ; j < bits; j += i ) BIT_VECTOR_CLR_BIT(addr,j)
+        }
+        *(addr+size-1) &= mask_(addr);
+    }
+}
+
+void BitVector_Reverse(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y)
+{
+    unsigned int bits = bits_(X);
+    unsigned int mask;
+    unsigned int bit;
+    unsigned int value;
+
+    if (bits > 0)
+    {
+        if (X == Y) BitVector_Interval_Reverse(X,0,bits-1);
+        else if (bits == bits_(Y))
+        {
+/*          mask = mask_(Y);  */
+/*          mask &= ~ (mask >> 1);  */
+            mask = BITMASKTAB[(bits-1) & MODMASK];
+            Y += size_(Y) - 1;
+            value = 0;
+            bit = LSB;
+            while (bits-- > 0)
+            {
+                if ((*Y & mask) != 0)
+                {
+                    value |= bit;
+                }
+                if (! (mask >>= 1))
+                {
+                    Y--;
+                    mask = MSB;
+                }
+                if (! (bit <<= 1))
+                {
+                    *X++ = value;
+                    value = 0;
+                    bit = LSB;
+                }
+            }
+            if (bit > LSB) *X = value;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void BitVector_Interval_Empty(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int lower, unsigned int upper)
+{                                                  /* X = X \ [lower..upper] */
+    unsigned int  bits = bits_(addr);
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int *  loaddr;
+    unsigned int *  hiaddr;
+    unsigned int  lobase;
+    unsigned int  hibase;
+    unsigned int  lomask;
+    unsigned int  himask;
+    unsigned int  diff;
+
+    if ((size > 0) && (lower < bits) && (upper < bits) && (lower <= upper))
+    {
+        lobase = lower >> LOGBITS;
+        hibase = upper >> LOGBITS;
+        diff = hibase - lobase;
+        loaddr = addr + lobase;
+        hiaddr = addr + hibase;
+
+        lomask = (unsigned int)   (~0L << (lower & MODMASK));
+        himask = (unsigned int) ~((~0L << (upper & MODMASK)) << 1);
+
+        if (diff == 0)
+        {
+            *loaddr &= ~ (lomask & himask);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *loaddr++ &= ~ lomask;
+            while (--diff > 0)
+            {
+                *loaddr++ = 0;
+            }
+            *hiaddr &= ~ himask;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void BitVector_Interval_Fill(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int lower, unsigned int upper)
+{                                                  /* X = X + [lower..upper] */
+    unsigned int  bits = bits_(addr);
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  fill = (unsigned int) ~0L;
+    unsigned int *  loaddr;
+    unsigned int *  hiaddr;
+    unsigned int  lobase;
+    unsigned int  hibase;
+    unsigned int  lomask;
+    unsigned int  himask;
+    unsigned int  diff;
+
+    if ((size > 0) && (lower < bits) && (upper < bits) && (lower <= upper))
+    {
+        lobase = lower >> LOGBITS;
+        hibase = upper >> LOGBITS;
+        diff = hibase - lobase;
+        loaddr = addr + lobase;
+        hiaddr = addr + hibase;
+
+        lomask = (unsigned int)   (~0L << (lower & MODMASK));
+        himask = (unsigned int) ~((~0L << (upper & MODMASK)) << 1);
+
+        if (diff == 0)
+        {
+            *loaddr |= (lomask & himask);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *loaddr++ |= lomask;
+            while (--diff > 0)
+            {
+                *loaddr++ = fill;
+            }
+            *hiaddr |= himask;
+        }
+        *(addr+size-1) &= mask_(addr);
+    }
+}
+
+void BitVector_Interval_Flip(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int lower, unsigned int upper)
+{                                                  /* X = X ^ [lower..upper] */
+    unsigned int  bits = bits_(addr);
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  flip = (unsigned int) ~0L;
+    unsigned int *  loaddr;
+    unsigned int *  hiaddr;
+    unsigned int  lobase;
+    unsigned int  hibase;
+    unsigned int  lomask;
+    unsigned int  himask;
+    unsigned int  diff;
+
+    if ((size > 0) && (lower < bits) && (upper < bits) && (lower <= upper))
+    {
+        lobase = lower >> LOGBITS;
+        hibase = upper >> LOGBITS;
+        diff = hibase - lobase;
+        loaddr = addr + lobase;
+        hiaddr = addr + hibase;
+
+        lomask = (unsigned int)   (~0L << (lower & MODMASK));
+        himask = (unsigned int) ~((~0L << (upper & MODMASK)) << 1);
+
+        if (diff == 0)
+        {
+            *loaddr ^= (lomask & himask);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *loaddr++ ^= lomask;
+            while (--diff > 0)
+            {
+                *loaddr++ ^= flip;
+            }
+            *hiaddr ^= himask;
+        }
+        *(addr+size-1) &= mask_(addr);
+    }
+}
+
+void BitVector_Interval_Reverse(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int lower, unsigned int upper)
+{
+    unsigned int  bits = bits_(addr);
+    unsigned int *  loaddr;
+    unsigned int *  hiaddr;
+    unsigned int  lomask;
+    unsigned int  himask;
+
+    if ((bits > 0) && (lower < bits) && (upper < bits) && (lower < upper))
+    {
+        loaddr = addr + (lower >> LOGBITS);
+        hiaddr = addr + (upper >> LOGBITS);
+        lomask = BITMASKTAB[lower & MODMASK];
+        himask = BITMASKTAB[upper & MODMASK];
+        for ( bits = upper - lower + 1; bits > 1; bits -= 2 )
+        {
+            if (((*loaddr & lomask) != 0) ^ ((*hiaddr & himask) != 0))
+            {
+                *loaddr ^= lomask;  /* swap bits only if they differ! */
+                *hiaddr ^= himask;
+            }
+            if (! (lomask <<= 1))
+            {
+                lomask = LSB;
+                loaddr++;
+            }
+            if (! (himask >>= 1))
+            {
+                himask = MSB;
+                hiaddr--;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_interval_scan_inc(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int start,
+                                    unsigned int * min, unsigned int * max)
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(addr);
+    unsigned int  offset;
+    unsigned int  bitmask;
+    unsigned int  value;
+    boolean empty;
+
+    if ((size == 0) || (start >= bits_(addr))) return(false);
+
+    *min = start;
+    *max = start;
+
+    offset = start >> LOGBITS;
+
+    *(addr+size-1) &= mask;
+
+    addr += offset;
+    size -= offset;
+
+    bitmask = BITMASKTAB[start & MODMASK];
+    mask = ~ (bitmask | (bitmask - 1));
+
+    value = *addr++;
+    if ((value & bitmask) == 0)
+    {
+        value &= mask;
+        if (value == 0)
+        {
+            offset++;
+            empty = true;
+            while (empty && (--size > 0))
+            {
+                if ((value = *addr++)) empty = false; else offset++;
+            }
+            if (empty) return(false);
+        }
+        start = offset << LOGBITS;
+        bitmask = LSB;
+        mask = value;
+        while (! (mask & LSB))
+        {
+            bitmask <<= 1;
+            mask >>= 1;
+            start++;
+        }
+        mask = ~ (bitmask | (bitmask - 1));
+        *min = start;
+        *max = start;
+    }
+    value = ~ value;
+    value &= mask;
+    if (value == 0)
+    {
+        offset++;
+        empty = true;
+        while (empty && (--size > 0))
+        {
+            if ((value = ~ *addr++)) empty = false; else offset++;
+        }
+        if (empty) value = LSB;
+    }
+    start = offset << LOGBITS;
+    while (! (value & LSB))
+    {
+        value >>= 1;
+        start++;
+    }
+    *max = --start;
+    return(true);
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_interval_scan_dec(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int start,
+                                    unsigned int * min, unsigned int * max)
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(addr);
+    unsigned int offset;
+    unsigned int bitmask;
+    unsigned int value;
+    boolean empty;
+
+    if ((size == 0) || (start >= bits_(addr))) return(false);
+
+    *min = start;
+    *max = start;
+
+    offset = start >> LOGBITS;
+
+    if (offset >= size) return(false);
+
+    *(addr+size-1) &= mask;
+
+    addr += offset;
+    size = ++offset;
+
+    bitmask = BITMASKTAB[start & MODMASK];
+    mask = (bitmask - 1);
+
+    value = *addr--;
+    if ((value & bitmask) == 0)
+    {
+        value &= mask;
+        if (value == 0)
+        {
+            offset--;
+            empty = true;
+            while (empty && (--size > 0))
+            {
+                if ((value = *addr--)) empty = false; else offset--;
+            }
+            if (empty) return(false);
+        }
+        start = offset << LOGBITS;
+        bitmask = MSB;
+        mask = value;
+        while (! (mask & MSB))
+        {
+            bitmask >>= 1;
+            mask <<= 1;
+            start--;
+        }
+        mask = (bitmask - 1);
+        *max = --start;
+        *min = start;
+    }
+    value = ~ value;
+    value &= mask;
+    if (value == 0)
+    {
+        offset--;
+        empty = true;
+        while (empty && (--size > 0))
+        {
+            if ((value = ~ *addr--)) empty = false; else offset--;
+        }
+        if (empty) value = MSB;
+    }
+    start = offset << LOGBITS;
+    while (! (value & MSB))
+    {
+        value <<= 1;
+        start--;
+    }
+    *min = start;
+    return(true);
+}
+
+void BitVector_Interval_Copy(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y, unsigned int Xoffset,
+                             unsigned int Yoffset, unsigned int length)
+{
+    unsigned int  bitsX = bits_(X);
+    unsigned int  bitsY = bits_(Y);
+    unsigned int  source = 0;        /* silence compiler warning */
+    unsigned int  target = 0;        /* silence compiler warning */
+    unsigned int  s_lo_base;
+    unsigned int  s_hi_base;
+    unsigned int  s_lo_bit;
+    unsigned int  s_hi_bit;
+    unsigned int  s_base;
+    unsigned int  s_lower = 0;       /* silence compiler warning */
+    unsigned int  s_upper = 0;       /* silence compiler warning */
+    unsigned int  s_bits;
+    unsigned int  s_min;
+    unsigned int  s_max;
+    unsigned int  t_lo_base;
+    unsigned int  t_hi_base;
+    unsigned int  t_lo_bit;
+    unsigned int  t_hi_bit;
+    unsigned int  t_base;
+    unsigned int  t_lower = 0;       /* silence compiler warning */
+    unsigned int  t_upper = 0;       /* silence compiler warning */
+    unsigned int  t_bits;
+    unsigned int  t_min;
+    unsigned int  mask;
+    unsigned int  bits;
+    unsigned int  select;
+    boolean ascending;
+    boolean notfirst;
+    unsigned int *  Z = X;
+
+    if ((length > 0) && (Xoffset < bitsX) && (Yoffset < bitsY))
+    {
+        if ((Xoffset + length) > bitsX) length = bitsX - Xoffset;
+        if ((Yoffset + length) > bitsY) length = bitsY - Yoffset;
+
+        ascending = (Xoffset <= Yoffset);
+
+        s_lo_base = Yoffset >> LOGBITS;
+        s_lo_bit = Yoffset & MODMASK;
+        Yoffset += --length;
+        s_hi_base = Yoffset >> LOGBITS;
+        s_hi_bit = Yoffset & MODMASK;
+
+        t_lo_base = Xoffset >> LOGBITS;
+        t_lo_bit = Xoffset & MODMASK;
+        Xoffset += length;
+        t_hi_base = Xoffset >> LOGBITS;
+        t_hi_bit = Xoffset & MODMASK;
+
+        if (ascending)
+        {
+            s_base = s_lo_base;
+            t_base = t_lo_base;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            s_base = s_hi_base;
+            t_base = t_hi_base;
+        }
+        s_bits = 0;
+        t_bits = 0;
+        Y += s_base;
+        X += t_base;
+        notfirst = false;
+        while (true)
+        {
+            if (t_bits == 0)
+            {
+                if (notfirst)
+                {
+                    *X = target;
+                    if (ascending)
+                    {
+                        if (t_base == t_hi_base) break;
+                        t_base++;
+                        X++;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (t_base == t_lo_base) break;
+                        t_base--;
+                        X--;
+                    }
+                }
+                select = ((t_base == t_hi_base) << 1) | (t_base == t_lo_base);
+                switch (select)
+                {
+                    case 0:
+                        t_lower = 0;
+                        t_upper = BITS - 1;
+                        t_bits = BITS;
+                        target = 0;
+                        break;
+                    case 1:
+                        t_lower = t_lo_bit;
+                        t_upper = BITS - 1;
+                        t_bits = BITS - t_lo_bit;
+                        mask = (unsigned int) (~0L << t_lower);
+                        target = *X & ~ mask;
+                        break;
+                    case 2:
+                        t_lower = 0;
+                        t_upper = t_hi_bit;
+                        t_bits = t_hi_bit + 1;
+                        mask = (unsigned int) ((~0L << t_upper) << 1);
+                        target = *X & mask;
+                        break;
+                    case 3:
+                        t_lower = t_lo_bit;
+                        t_upper = t_hi_bit;
+                        t_bits = t_hi_bit - t_lo_bit + 1;
+                        mask = (unsigned int) (~0L << t_lower);
+                        mask &= (unsigned int) ~((~0L << t_upper) << 1);
+                        target = *X & ~ mask;
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (s_bits == 0)
+            {
+                if (notfirst)
+                {
+                    if (ascending)
+                    {
+                        if (s_base == s_hi_base) break;
+                        s_base++;
+                        Y++;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (s_base == s_lo_base) break;
+                        s_base--;
+                        Y--;
+                    }
+                }
+                source = *Y;
+                select = ((s_base == s_hi_base) << 1) | (s_base == s_lo_base);
+                switch (select)
+                {
+                    case 0:
+                        s_lower = 0;
+                        s_upper = BITS - 1;
+                        s_bits = BITS;
+                        break;
+                    case 1:
+                        s_lower = s_lo_bit;
+                        s_upper = BITS - 1;
+                        s_bits = BITS - s_lo_bit;
+                        break;
+                    case 2:
+                        s_lower = 0;
+                        s_upper = s_hi_bit;
+                        s_bits = s_hi_bit + 1;
+                        break;
+                    case 3:
+                        s_lower = s_lo_bit;
+                        s_upper = s_hi_bit;
+                        s_bits = s_hi_bit - s_lo_bit + 1;
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+            notfirst = true;
+            if (s_bits > t_bits)
+            {
+                bits = t_bits - 1;
+                if (ascending)
+                {
+                    s_min = s_lower;
+                    s_max = s_lower + bits;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    s_max = s_upper;
+                    s_min = s_upper - bits;
+                }
+                t_min = t_lower;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                bits = s_bits - 1;
+                if (ascending) t_min = t_lower;
+                else           t_min = t_upper - bits;
+                s_min = s_lower;
+                s_max = s_upper;
+            }
+            bits++;
+            mask = (unsigned int) (~0L << s_min);
+            mask &= (unsigned int) ~((~0L << s_max) << 1);
+            if (s_min == t_min) target |= (source & mask);
+            else
+            {
+                if (s_min < t_min) target |= (source & mask) << (t_min-s_min);
+                else               target |= (source & mask) >> (s_min-t_min);
+            }
+            if (ascending)
+            {
+                s_lower += bits;
+                t_lower += bits;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                s_upper -= bits;
+                t_upper -= bits;
+            }
+            s_bits -= bits;
+            t_bits -= bits;
+        }
+        *(Z+size_(Z)-1) &= mask_(Z);
+    }
+}
+
+
+unsigned int *  BitVector_Interval_Substitute(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y,
+                                      unsigned int Xoffset, unsigned int Xlength,
+                                      unsigned int Yoffset, unsigned int Ylength)
+{
+    unsigned int Xbits = bits_(X);
+    unsigned int Ybits = bits_(Y);
+    unsigned int limit;
+    unsigned int diff;
+
+    if ((Xoffset <= Xbits) && (Yoffset <= Ybits))
+    {
+        limit = Xoffset + Xlength;
+        if (limit > Xbits)
+        {
+            limit = Xbits;
+            Xlength = Xbits - Xoffset;
+        }
+        if ((Yoffset + Ylength) > Ybits)
+        {
+            Ylength = Ybits - Yoffset;
+        }
+        if (Xlength == Ylength)
+        {
+            if ((Ylength > 0) && ((X != Y) || (Xoffset != Yoffset)))
+            {
+                BitVector_Interval_Copy(X,Y,Xoffset,Yoffset,Ylength);
+            }
+        }
+        else /* Xlength != Ylength */
+        {
+            if (Xlength > Ylength)
+            {
+                diff = Xlength - Ylength;
+                if (Ylength > 0) BitVector_Interval_Copy(X,Y,Xoffset,Yoffset,Ylength);
+                if (limit < Xbits) BitVector_Delete(X,Xoffset+Ylength,diff,false);
+                if ((X = BitVector_Resize(X,Xbits-diff)) == NULL) return(NULL);
+            }
+            else /* Ylength > Xlength  ==>  Ylength > 0 */
+            {
+                diff = Ylength - Xlength;
+                if (X != Y)
+                {
+                    if ((X = BitVector_Resize(X,Xbits+diff)) == NULL) return(NULL);
+                    if (limit < Xbits) BitVector_Insert(X,limit,diff,false);
+                    BitVector_Interval_Copy(X,Y,Xoffset,Yoffset,Ylength);
+                }
+                else /* in-place */
+                {
+                    if ((Y = X = BitVector_Resize(X,Xbits+diff)) == NULL) return(NULL);
+                    if (limit >= Xbits)
+                    {
+                        BitVector_Interval_Copy(X,Y,Xoffset,Yoffset,Ylength);
+                    }
+                    else /* limit < Xbits */
+                    {
+                        BitVector_Insert(X,limit,diff,false);
+                        if ((Yoffset+Ylength) <= limit)
+                        {
+                            BitVector_Interval_Copy(X,Y,Xoffset,Yoffset,Ylength);
+                        }
+                        else /* overlaps or lies above critical area */
+                        {
+                            if (limit <= Yoffset)
+                            {
+                                Yoffset += diff;
+                                BitVector_Interval_Copy(X,Y,Xoffset,Yoffset,Ylength);
+                            }
+                            else /* Yoffset < limit */
+                            {
+                                Xlength = limit - Yoffset;
+                                BitVector_Interval_Copy(X,Y,Xoffset,Yoffset,Xlength);
+                                Yoffset = Xoffset + Ylength; /* = limit + diff */
+                                Xoffset += Xlength;
+                                Ylength -= Xlength;
+                                BitVector_Interval_Copy(X,Y,Xoffset,Yoffset,Ylength);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return(X);
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_is_empty(unsigned int *  addr)                    /* X == {} ?     */
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    boolean r = true;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        *(addr+size-1) &= mask_(addr);
+        while (r && (size-- > 0)) r = ( *addr++ == 0 );
+    }
+    return(r);
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_is_full(unsigned int *  addr)                     /* X == ~{} ?    */
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(addr);
+    boolean r = false;
+    unsigned int *  last;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        r = true;
+        last = addr + size - 1;
+        *last |= ~ mask;
+        while (r && (size-- > 0)) r = ( ~ *addr++ == 0 );
+        *last &= mask;
+    }
+    return(r);
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_equal(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y)               /* X == Y ?      */
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(X);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(X);
+    boolean r = false;
+
+    if (bits_(X) == bits_(Y))
+    {
+        r = true;
+        if (size > 0)
+        {
+            *(X+size-1) &= mask;
+            *(Y+size-1) &= mask;
+            while (r && (size-- > 0)) r = (*X++ == *Y++);
+        }
+    }
+    return(r);
+}
+
+/* X <,=,> Y ?     : unsigned     */
+signed int BitVector_Lexicompare(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y) {
+    unsigned int  bitsX = bits_(X);
+    unsigned int  bitsY = bits_(Y);
+    unsigned int  size  = size_(X);
+    boolean r = true;
+
+    if (bitsX == bitsY) {
+        if (size > 0) {
+            X += size;
+            Y += size;
+            while (r && (size-- > 0)) r = (*(--X) == *(--Y));
+        }
+        if (r) return((signed int) 0);
+        else {
+            if (*X < *Y) return((signed int) -1); else return((signed int) 1);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        if (bitsX < bitsY) return((signed int) -1); else return((signed int) 1);
+    }
+}
+
+signed int BitVector_Compare(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y)               /* X <,=,> Y ?   */
+{                                                           /*   signed      */
+    unsigned int  bitsX = bits_(X);
+    unsigned int  bitsY = bits_(Y);
+    unsigned int  size  = size_(X);
+    unsigned int  mask  = mask_(X);
+    unsigned int  sign;
+    boolean r = true;
+
+    if (bitsX == bitsY)
+    {
+        if (size > 0)
+        {
+            X += size;
+            Y += size;
+            mask &= ~ (mask >> 1);
+            if ((sign = (*(X-1) & mask)) != (*(Y-1) & mask))
+            {
+                if (sign) return((signed int) -1); else return((signed int) 1);
+            }
+            while (r && (size-- > 0)) r = (*(--X) == *(--Y));
+        }
+        if (r) return((signed int) 0);
+        else
+        {
+            if (*X < *Y) return((signed int) -1); else return((signed int) 1);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (bitsX < bitsY) return((signed int) -1); else return((signed int) 1);
+    }
+}
+
+size_t BitVector_Hash(unsigned int * addr)
+{
+  unsigned int  bits = bits_(addr);
+  unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+  unsigned int  value;
+  unsigned int  count;
+  unsigned int  digit;
+  unsigned int  length;
+    
+  size_t result = 0;
+
+  length = bits >> 2;
+  if (bits & 0x0003) length++;
+  if (size > 0)
+    {
+      *(addr+size-1) &= mask_(addr);
+      while ((size-- > 0) && (length > 0))
+        {
+          value = *addr++;
+          count = BITS >> 2;
+          while ((count-- > 0) && (length > 0))
+            {
+              digit = value & 0x000F;
+              if (digit > 9) digit += (unsigned int) 'A' - 10;
+              else           digit += (unsigned int) '0';
+              result = 5*result + digit; length--;
+              if ((count > 0) && (length > 0)) value >>= 4;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+unsigned char * BitVector_to_Hex(unsigned int *  addr)
+{
+    unsigned int  bits = bits_(addr);
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  value;
+    unsigned int  count;
+    unsigned int  digit;
+    unsigned int  length;
+    unsigned char * string;
+
+    length = bits >> 2;
+    if (bits & 0x0003) length++;
+    string = (unsigned char *) malloc((size_t) (length+1));
+    if (string == NULL) return(NULL);
+    string += length;
+    *string = (unsigned char) '\0';
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        *(addr+size-1) &= mask_(addr);
+        while ((size-- > 0) && (length > 0))
+        {
+            value = *addr++;
+            count = BITS >> 2;
+            while ((count-- > 0) && (length > 0))
+            {
+                digit = value & 0x000F;
+                if (digit > 9) digit += (unsigned int) 'A' - 10;
+                else           digit += (unsigned int) '0';
+                *(--string) = (unsigned char) digit; length--;
+                if ((count > 0) && (length > 0)) value >>= 4;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return(string);
+}
+
+ErrCode BitVector_from_Hex(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned char * string)
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(addr);
+    boolean ok = true;
+    unsigned int  length;
+    unsigned int  value;
+    unsigned int  count;
+    int     digit;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        length = strlen((char *) string);
+        string += length;
+        while (size-- > 0)
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            for ( count = 0; (ok && (length > 0) && (count < BITS)); count += 4 )
+            {
+                digit = (int) *(--string); length--;
+                /* separate because toupper() is likely a macro! */
+                digit = toupper(digit);
+                if ((ok = (isxdigit(digit) != 0)))
+                {
+		  if (digit >= (int) 'A') digit -= (int) 'A' - 10;
+		  else                    digit -= (int) '0';
+		  value |= (((unsigned int) digit) << count);
+                }
+            }
+            *addr++ = value;
+        }
+        *(--addr) &= mask;
+    }
+    if (ok) return(ErrCode_Ok);
+    else    return(ErrCode_Pars);
+}
+
+unsigned char * BitVector_to_Bin(unsigned int *  addr)
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  value;
+    unsigned int  count;
+    unsigned int  digit;
+    unsigned int  length;
+    unsigned char * string;
+
+    length = bits_(addr);
+    string = (unsigned char *) malloc((size_t) (length+1));
+    if (string == NULL) return(NULL);
+    string += length;
+    *string = (unsigned char) '\0';
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        *(addr+size-1) &= mask_(addr);
+        while (size-- > 0)
+        {
+            value = *addr++;
+            count = BITS;
+            if (count > length) count = length;
+            while (count-- > 0)
+            {
+                digit = value & 0x0001;
+                digit += (unsigned int) '0';
+                *(--string) = (unsigned char) digit; length--;
+                if (count > 0) value >>= 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return(string);
+}
+
+ErrCode BitVector_from_Bin(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned char * string)
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(addr);
+    boolean ok = true;
+    unsigned int  length;
+    unsigned int  value;
+    unsigned int  count;
+    int     digit;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        length = strlen((char *) string);
+        string += length;
+        while (size-- > 0)
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            for ( count = 0; (ok && (length > 0) && (count < BITS)); count++ )
+            {
+                digit = (int) *(--string); length--;
+                switch (digit)
+                {
+                    case (int) '0':
+                        break;
+                    case (int) '1':
+                        value |= BITMASKTAB[count];
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        ok = false;
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+            *addr++ = value;
+        }
+        *(--addr) &= mask;
+    }
+    if (ok) return(ErrCode_Ok);
+    else    return(ErrCode_Pars);
+}
+
+unsigned char * BitVector_to_Dec(unsigned int *  addr)
+{
+    unsigned int  bits = bits_(addr);
+    unsigned int  length;
+    unsigned int  digits;
+    unsigned int  count;
+    unsigned int  q;
+    unsigned int  r;
+    boolean loop;
+    unsigned char * result;
+    unsigned char * string;
+    unsigned int *  quot;
+    unsigned int *  rest;
+    unsigned int *  temp;
+    unsigned int *  base;
+    signed int   sign;
+
+    length = (unsigned int) (bits / 3.3);        /* digits = bits * ln(2) / ln(10) */
+    length += 2; /* compensate for truncating & provide space for minus sign */
+    result = (unsigned char *) malloc((size_t) (length+1));    /* remember the '\0'! */
+    if (result == NULL) return(NULL);
+    string = result;
+    sign = BitVector_Sign(addr);
+    if ((bits < 4) || (sign == 0))
+    {
+        if (bits > 0) digits = *addr; else digits = (unsigned int) 0;
+        if (sign < 0) digits = ((unsigned int)(-((signed int)digits))) & mask_(addr);
+        *string++ = (unsigned char) digits + (unsigned char) '0';
+        digits = 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        quot = BitVector_Create(bits,false);
+        if (quot == NULL)
+        {
+            BitVector_Dispose(result);
+            return(NULL);
+        }
+        rest = BitVector_Create(bits,false);
+        if (rest == NULL)
+        {
+            BitVector_Dispose(result);
+            BitVector_Destroy(quot);
+            return(NULL);
+        }
+        temp = BitVector_Create(bits,false);
+        if (temp == NULL)
+        {
+            BitVector_Dispose(result);
+            BitVector_Destroy(quot);
+            BitVector_Destroy(rest);
+            return(NULL);
+        }
+        base = BitVector_Create(bits,true);
+        if (base == NULL)
+        {
+            BitVector_Dispose(result);
+            BitVector_Destroy(quot);
+            BitVector_Destroy(rest);
+            BitVector_Destroy(temp);
+            return(NULL);
+        }
+        if (sign < 0) BitVector_Negate(quot,addr);
+        else           BitVector_Copy(quot,addr);
+        digits = 0;
+        *base = EXP10;
+        loop = (bits >= BITS);
+        do
+        {
+            if (loop)
+            {
+                BitVector_Copy(temp,quot);
+                if (BitVector_Div_Pos(quot,temp,base,rest))
+                {
+                    BitVector_Dispose(result); /* emergency exit */
+                    BitVector_Destroy(quot);
+                    BitVector_Destroy(rest);   /* should never occur */
+                    BitVector_Destroy(temp);   /* under normal operation */
+                    BitVector_Destroy(base);
+                    return(NULL);
+                }
+                loop = ! BitVector_is_empty(quot);
+                q = *rest;
+            }
+            else q = *quot;
+            count = LOG10;
+            while (((loop && (count-- > 0)) || ((! loop) && (q != 0))) &&
+                (digits < length))
+            {
+                if (q != 0)
+                {
+                    BIT_VECTOR_DIGITIZE(unsigned int,q,r)
+                }
+                else r = (unsigned int) '0';
+                *string++ = (unsigned char) r;
+                digits++;
+            }
+        }
+        while (loop && (digits < length));
+        BitVector_Destroy(quot);
+        BitVector_Destroy(rest);
+        BitVector_Destroy(temp);
+        BitVector_Destroy(base);
+    }
+    if ((sign < 0) && (digits < length))
+    {
+        *string++ = (unsigned char) '-';
+        digits++;
+    }
+    *string = (unsigned char) '\0';
+    BIT_VECTOR_reverse(result,digits);
+    return(result);
+}
+
+ErrCode BitVector_from_Dec(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned char * string)
+{
+    ErrCode error = ErrCode_Ok;
+    unsigned int  bits = bits_(addr);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(addr);
+    boolean init = (bits > BITS);
+    boolean minus;
+    boolean shift;
+    boolean carry;
+    unsigned int *  term;
+    unsigned int *  base;
+    unsigned int *  prod;
+    unsigned int *  rank;
+    unsigned int *  temp;
+    unsigned int  accu;
+    unsigned int  powr;
+    unsigned int  count;
+    unsigned int  length;
+    int     digit;
+
+    if (bits > 0)
+    {
+        length = strlen((char *) string);
+        if (length == 0) return(ErrCode_Pars);
+        digit = (int) *string;
+        if ((minus = (digit == (int) '-')) ||
+                     (digit == (int) '+'))
+        {
+            string++;
+            if (--length == 0) return(ErrCode_Pars);
+        }
+        string += length;
+        term = BitVector_Create(BITS,false);
+        if (term == NULL)
+        {
+            return(ErrCode_Null);
+        }
+        base = BitVector_Create(BITS,false);
+        if (base == NULL)
+        {
+            BitVector_Destroy(term);
+            return(ErrCode_Null);
+        }
+        prod = BitVector_Create(bits,init);
+        if (prod == NULL)
+        {
+            BitVector_Destroy(term);
+            BitVector_Destroy(base);
+            return(ErrCode_Null);
+        }
+        rank = BitVector_Create(bits,init);
+        if (rank == NULL)
+        {
+            BitVector_Destroy(term);
+            BitVector_Destroy(base);
+            BitVector_Destroy(prod);
+            return(ErrCode_Null);
+        }
+        temp = BitVector_Create(bits,false);
+        if (temp == NULL)
+        {
+            BitVector_Destroy(term);
+            BitVector_Destroy(base);
+            BitVector_Destroy(prod);
+            BitVector_Destroy(rank);
+            return(ErrCode_Null);
+        }
+        BitVector_Empty(addr);
+        *base = EXP10;
+        shift = false;
+        while ((! error) && (length > 0))
+        {
+            accu = 0;
+            powr = 1;
+            count = LOG10;
+            while ((! error) && (length > 0) && (count-- > 0))
+            {
+                digit = (int) *(--string); length--;
+                /* separate because isdigit() is likely a macro! */
+                if (isdigit(digit) != 0)
+                {
+                    accu += ((unsigned int) digit - (unsigned int) '0') * powr;
+                    powr *= 10;
+                }
+                else error = ErrCode_Pars;
+            }
+            if (! error)
+            {
+                if (shift)
+                {
+                    *term = accu;
+                    BitVector_Copy(temp,rank);
+                    error = BitVector_Mul_Pos(prod,temp,term,false);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    *prod = accu;
+                    if ((! init) && ((accu & ~ mask) != 0)) error = ErrCode_Ovfl;
+                }
+                if (! error)
+                {
+                    carry = false;
+                    BitVector_compute(addr,addr,prod,false,&carry);
+                    /* ignores sign change (= overflow) but ! */
+                    /* numbers too large (= carry) for resulting bit vector */
+                    if (carry) error = ErrCode_Ovfl;
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (length > 0)
+                        {
+                            if (shift)
+                            {
+                                BitVector_Copy(temp,rank);
+                                error = BitVector_Mul_Pos(rank,temp,base,false);
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                *rank = *base;
+                                shift = true;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        BitVector_Destroy(term);
+        BitVector_Destroy(base);
+        BitVector_Destroy(prod);
+        BitVector_Destroy(rank);
+        BitVector_Destroy(temp);
+        if (! error && minus)
+        {
+            BitVector_Negate(addr,addr);
+            if ((*(addr + size_(addr) - 1) & mask & ~ (mask >> 1)) == 0)
+                error = ErrCode_Ovfl;
+        }
+    }
+    return(error);
+}
+
+unsigned char * BitVector_to_Enum(unsigned int *  addr)
+{
+    unsigned int  bits = bits_(addr);
+    unsigned int  sample;
+    unsigned int  length;
+    unsigned int  digits;
+    unsigned int  factor;
+    unsigned int  power;
+    unsigned int  start;
+    unsigned int  min;
+    unsigned int  max;
+    unsigned char * string;
+    unsigned char * target;
+    boolean comma;
+
+    if (bits > 0)
+    {
+        sample = bits - 1;  /* greatest possible index */
+        length = 2;         /* account for index 0 && terminating '\0' */
+        digits = 1;         /* account for intervening dashes && commas */
+        factor = 1;
+        power = 10;
+        while (sample >= (power-1))
+        {
+            length += ++digits * factor * 6;  /* 9,90,900,9000,... (9*2/3 = 6) */
+            factor = power;
+            power *= 10;
+        }
+        if (sample > --factor)
+        {
+            sample -= factor;
+            factor = (unsigned int) ( sample / 3 );
+            factor = (factor << 1) + (sample - (factor * 3));
+            length += ++digits * factor;
+        }
+    }
+    else length = 1;
+    string = (unsigned char *) malloc((size_t) length);
+    if (string == NULL) return(NULL);
+    start = 0;
+    comma = false;
+    target = string;
+    while ((start < bits) && BitVector_interval_scan_inc(addr,start,&min,&max))
+    {
+        start = max + 2;
+        if (comma) *target++ = (unsigned char) ',';
+        if (min == max)
+        {
+            target += BIT_VECTOR_int2str(target,min);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (min+1 == max)
+            {
+                target += BIT_VECTOR_int2str(target,min);
+                *target++ = (unsigned char) ',';
+                target += BIT_VECTOR_int2str(target,max);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                target += BIT_VECTOR_int2str(target,min);
+                *target++ = (unsigned char) '-';
+                target += BIT_VECTOR_int2str(target,max);
+            }
+        }
+        comma = true;
+    }
+    *target = (unsigned char) '\0';
+    return(string);
+}
+
+ErrCode BitVector_from_Enum(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned char * string)
+{
+    ErrCode error = ErrCode_Ok;
+    unsigned int  bits = bits_(addr);
+    unsigned int  state = 1;
+    unsigned int  token;
+    unsigned int  index = 0;
+    unsigned int  start = 0;         /* silence compiler warning */
+
+    if (bits > 0)
+    {
+        BitVector_Empty(addr);
+        while ((! error) && (state != 0))
+        {
+            token = (unsigned int) *string;
+            /* separate because isdigit() is likely a macro! */
+            if (isdigit((int)token) != 0)
+            {
+                string += BIT_VECTOR_str2int(string,&index);
+                if (index < bits) token = (unsigned int) '0';
+                else error = ErrCode_Indx;
+            }
+            else string++;
+            if (! error)
+            switch (state)
+            {
+                case 1:
+                    switch (token)
+                    {
+                        case (unsigned int) '0':
+                            state = 2;
+                            break;
+                        case (unsigned int) '\0':
+                            state = 0;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            error = ErrCode_Pars;
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    switch (token)
+                    {
+                        case (unsigned int) '-':
+                            start = index;
+                            state = 3;
+                            break;
+                        case (unsigned int) ',':
+                            BIT_VECTOR_SET_BIT(addr,index)
+                            state = 5;
+                            break;
+                        case (unsigned int) '\0':
+                            BIT_VECTOR_SET_BIT(addr,index)
+                            state = 0;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            error = ErrCode_Pars;
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    switch (token)
+                    {
+                        case (unsigned int) '0':
+                            if (start < index)
+                                BitVector_Interval_Fill(addr,start,index);
+                            else if (start == index)
+                                BIT_VECTOR_SET_BIT(addr,index)
+                            else error = ErrCode_Ordr;
+                            state = 4;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            error = ErrCode_Pars;
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 4:
+                    switch (token)
+                    {
+                        case (unsigned int) ',':
+                            state = 5;
+                            break;
+                        case (unsigned int) '\0':
+                            state = 0;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            error = ErrCode_Pars;
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 5:
+                    switch (token)
+                    {
+                        case (unsigned int) '0':
+                            state = 2;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            error = ErrCode_Pars;
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return(error);
+}
+
+void BitVector_Bit_Off(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int index)           /* X = X \ {x}   */
+{
+    if (index < bits_(addr)) BIT_VECTOR_CLR_BIT(addr,index)
+}
+
+void BitVector_Bit_On(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int index)            /* X = X + {x}   */
+{
+    if (index < bits_(addr)) BIT_VECTOR_SET_BIT(addr,index)
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_bit_flip(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int index)   /* X=(X+{x})\(X*{x}) */
+{
+    unsigned int mask;
+
+    if (index < bits_(addr)) return( BIT_VECTOR_FLP_BIT(addr,index,mask) );
+    else                     return( false );
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_bit_test(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int index)       /* {x} in X ?    */
+{
+    if (index < bits_(addr)) return( BIT_VECTOR_TST_BIT(addr,index) );
+    else                     return( false );
+}
+
+void BitVector_Bit_Copy(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int index, boolean bit)
+{
+    if (index < bits_(addr))
+    {
+        if (bit) BIT_VECTOR_SET_BIT(addr,index)
+        else     BIT_VECTOR_CLR_BIT(addr,index)
+    }
+}
+
+void BitVector_LSB(unsigned int *  addr, boolean bit)
+{
+    if (bits_(addr) > 0)
+    {
+        if (bit) *addr |= LSB;
+        else     *addr &= ~ LSB;
+    }
+}
+
+void BitVector_MSB(unsigned int *  addr, boolean bit)
+{
+    unsigned int size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int mask = mask_(addr);
+
+    if (size-- > 0)
+    {
+        if (bit) *(addr+size) |= mask & ~ (mask >> 1);
+        else     *(addr+size) &= ~ mask | (mask >> 1);
+    }
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_lsb_(unsigned int *  addr)
+{
+    if (size_(addr) > 0) return( (*addr & LSB) != 0 );
+    else                 return( false );
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_msb_(unsigned int *  addr)
+{
+    unsigned int size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int mask = mask_(addr);
+
+    if (size-- > 0)
+        return( (*(addr+size) & (mask & ~ (mask >> 1))) != 0 );
+    else
+        return( false );
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_rotate_left(unsigned int *  addr)
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(addr);
+    unsigned int  msb;
+    boolean carry_in;
+    boolean carry_out = false;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        msb = mask & ~ (mask >> 1);
+        carry_in = ((*(addr+size-1) & msb) != 0);
+        while (size-- > 1)
+        {
+            carry_out = ((*addr & MSB) != 0);
+            *addr <<= 1;
+            if (carry_in) *addr |= LSB;
+            carry_in = carry_out;
+            addr++;
+        }
+        carry_out = ((*addr & msb) != 0);
+        *addr <<= 1;
+        if (carry_in) *addr |= LSB;
+        *addr &= mask;
+    }
+    return(carry_out);
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_rotate_right(unsigned int *  addr)
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(addr);
+    unsigned int  msb;
+    boolean carry_in;
+    boolean carry_out = false;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        msb = mask & ~ (mask >> 1);
+        carry_in = ((*addr & LSB) != 0);
+        addr += size-1;
+        *addr &= mask;
+        carry_out = ((*addr & LSB) != 0);
+        *addr >>= 1;
+        if (carry_in) *addr |= msb;
+        carry_in = carry_out;
+        addr--;
+        size--;
+        while (size-- > 0)
+        {
+            carry_out = ((*addr & LSB) != 0);
+            *addr >>= 1;
+            if (carry_in) *addr |= MSB;
+            carry_in = carry_out;
+            addr--;
+        }
+    }
+    return(carry_out);
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_shift_left(unsigned int *  addr, boolean carry_in)
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(addr);
+    unsigned int  msb;
+    boolean carry_out = carry_in;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        msb = mask & ~ (mask >> 1);
+        while (size-- > 1)
+        {
+            carry_out = ((*addr & MSB) != 0);
+            *addr <<= 1;
+            if (carry_in) *addr |= LSB;
+            carry_in = carry_out;
+            addr++;
+        }
+        carry_out = ((*addr & msb) != 0);
+        *addr <<= 1;
+        if (carry_in) *addr |= LSB;
+        *addr &= mask;
+    }
+    return(carry_out);
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_shift_right(unsigned int *  addr, boolean carry_in)
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(addr);
+    unsigned int  msb;
+    boolean carry_out = carry_in;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        msb = mask & ~ (mask >> 1);
+        addr += size-1;
+        *addr &= mask;
+        carry_out = ((*addr & LSB) != 0);
+        *addr >>= 1;
+        if (carry_in) *addr |= msb;
+        carry_in = carry_out;
+        addr--;
+        size--;
+        while (size-- > 0)
+        {
+            carry_out = ((*addr & LSB) != 0);
+            *addr >>= 1;
+            if (carry_in) *addr |= MSB;
+            carry_in = carry_out;
+            addr--;
+        }
+    }
+    return(carry_out);
+}
+
+void BitVector_Move_Left(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int bits)
+{
+    unsigned int count;
+    unsigned int words;
+
+    if (bits > 0)
+    {
+        count = bits & MODMASK;
+        words = bits >> LOGBITS;
+        if (bits >= bits_(addr)) BitVector_Empty(addr);
+        else
+        {
+            while (count-- > 0) BitVector_shift_left(addr,0);
+            BitVector_Word_Insert(addr,0,words,true);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void BitVector_Move_Right(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int bits)
+{
+    unsigned int count;
+    unsigned int words;
+
+    if (bits > 0)
+    {
+        count = bits & MODMASK;
+        words = bits >> LOGBITS;
+        if (bits >= bits_(addr)) BitVector_Empty(addr);
+        else
+        {
+            while (count-- > 0) BitVector_shift_right(addr,0);
+            BitVector_Word_Delete(addr,0,words,true);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void BitVector_Insert(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int offset, unsigned int count, boolean clear)
+{
+    unsigned int bits = bits_(addr);
+    unsigned int last;
+
+    if ((count > 0) && (offset < bits))
+    {
+        last = offset + count;
+        if (last < bits)
+        {
+            BitVector_Interval_Copy(addr,addr,last,offset,(bits-last));
+        }
+        else last = bits;
+        if (clear) BitVector_Interval_Empty(addr,offset,(last-1));
+    }
+}
+
+void BitVector_Delete(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int offset, unsigned int count, boolean clear)
+{
+    unsigned int bits = bits_(addr);
+    unsigned int last;
+
+    if ((count > 0) && (offset < bits))
+    {
+        last = offset + count;
+        if (last < bits)
+        {
+            BitVector_Interval_Copy(addr,addr,offset,last,(bits-last));
+        }
+        else count = bits - offset;
+        if (clear) BitVector_Interval_Empty(addr,(bits-count),(bits-1));
+    }
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_increment(unsigned int *  addr)                   /* X++           */
+{
+    unsigned int  size  = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  mask  = mask_(addr);
+    unsigned int *  last  = addr + size - 1;
+    boolean carry = true;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        *last |= ~ mask;
+        while (carry && (size-- > 0))
+        {
+            carry = (++(*addr++) == 0);
+        }
+        *last &= mask;
+    }
+    return(carry);
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_decrement(unsigned int *  addr)                   /* X--           */
+{
+    unsigned int  size  = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  mask  = mask_(addr);
+    unsigned int *  last  = addr + size - 1;
+    boolean carry = true;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        *last &= mask;
+        while (carry && (size-- > 0))
+        {
+            carry = (*addr == 0);
+            --(*addr++);
+        }
+        *last &= mask;
+    }
+    return(carry);
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_compute(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y, unsigned int *  Z, boolean minus, boolean *carry)
+{
+    unsigned int size = size_(X);
+    unsigned int mask = mask_(X);
+    unsigned int vv = 0;
+    unsigned int cc;
+    unsigned int mm;
+    unsigned int yy;
+    unsigned int zz;
+    unsigned int lo;
+    unsigned int hi;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        if (minus) cc = (*carry == 0);
+        else       cc = (*carry != 0);
+        /* deal with (size-1) least significant full words first: */
+        while (--size > 0)
+        {
+            yy = *Y++;
+            if (minus) zz = (unsigned int) ~ ( Z ? *Z++ : 0 );
+            else       zz = (unsigned int)     ( Z ? *Z++ : 0 );
+            lo = (yy & LSB) + (zz & LSB) + cc;
+            hi = (yy >> 1) + (zz >> 1) + (lo >> 1);
+            cc = ((hi & MSB) != 0);
+            *X++ = (hi << 1) | (lo & LSB);
+        }
+        /* deal with most significant word (may be used only partially): */
+        yy = *Y & mask;
+        if (minus) zz = (unsigned int) ~ ( Z ? *Z : 0 );
+        else       zz = (unsigned int)     ( Z ? *Z : 0 );
+        zz &= mask;
+        if (mask == LSB) /* special case, only one bit used */
+        {
+            vv = cc;
+            lo = yy + zz + cc;
+            cc = (lo >> 1);
+            vv ^= cc;
+            *X = lo & LSB;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (~ mask) /* not all bits are used, but more than one */
+            {
+                mm = (mask >> 1);
+                vv = (yy & mm) + (zz & mm) + cc;
+                mm = mask & ~ mm;
+                lo = yy + zz + cc;
+                cc = (lo >> 1);
+                vv ^= cc;
+                vv &= mm;
+                cc &= mm;
+                *X = lo & mask;
+            }
+            else /* other special case, all bits are used */
+            {
+                mm = ~ MSB;
+                lo = (yy & mm) + (zz & mm) + cc;
+                vv = lo & MSB;
+                hi = ((yy & MSB) >> 1) + ((zz & MSB) >> 1) + (vv >> 1);
+                cc = hi & MSB;
+                vv ^= cc;
+                *X = (hi << 1) | (lo & mm);
+            }
+        }
+        if (minus) *carry = (cc == 0);
+        else       *carry = (cc != 0);
+    }
+    return(vv != 0);
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_add(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y, unsigned int *  Z, boolean *carry)
+{
+    return(BitVector_compute(X,Y,Z,false,carry));
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_sub(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y, unsigned int *  Z, boolean *carry)
+{
+    return(BitVector_compute(X,Y,Z,true,carry));
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_inc(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y)
+{
+    boolean carry = true;
+
+    return(BitVector_compute(X,Y,NULL,false,&carry));
+}
+
+boolean BitVector_dec(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y)
+{
+    boolean carry = true;
+
+    return(BitVector_compute(X,Y,NULL,true,&carry));
+}
+
+void BitVector_Negate(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y)
+{
+    unsigned int  size  = size_(X);
+    unsigned int  mask  = mask_(X);
+    boolean carry = true;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        while (size-- > 0)
+        {
+            *X = ~ *Y++;
+            if (carry)
+            {
+                carry = (++(*X) == 0);
+            }
+            X++;
+        }
+        *(--X) &= mask;
+    }
+}
+
+void BitVector_Absolute(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y)
+{
+    unsigned int size = size_(Y);
+    unsigned int mask = mask_(Y);
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        if (*(Y+size-1) & (mask & ~ (mask >> 1))) BitVector_Negate(X,Y);
+        else                                             BitVector_Copy(X,Y);
+    }
+}
+
+// FIXME:  What the hell does the return value of this mean?
+// It returns 0, 1, or -1 under mysterious circumstances.
+signed int BitVector_Sign(unsigned int *  addr)
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(addr);
+    unsigned int *  last = addr + size - 1;
+    boolean r    = true;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        *last &= mask;
+        while (r && (size-- > 0)) r = ( *addr++ == 0 );
+    }
+    if (r) return((signed int) 0);
+    else
+    {
+        if (*last & (mask & ~ (mask >> 1))) return((signed int) -1);
+        else                                      return((signed int)  1);
+    }
+}
+
+ErrCode BitVector_Mul_Pos(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y, unsigned int *  Z, boolean strict)
+{
+    unsigned int  mask;
+    unsigned int  limit;
+    unsigned int  count;
+    signed long  last;
+    unsigned int *  sign;
+    boolean carry;
+    boolean overflow;
+    boolean ok = true;
+
+    /*
+       Requirements:
+         -  X, Y && Z must be distinct
+         -  X && Y must have equal sizes (whereas Z may be any size!)
+         -  Z should always contain the SMALLER of the two factors Y && Z
+       Constraints:
+         -  The contents of Y (&& of X, of course) are destroyed
+            (only Z is preserved!)
+    */
+
+    if ((X == Y) || (X == Z) || (Y == Z)) return(ErrCode_Same);
+    if (bits_(X) != bits_(Y)) return(ErrCode_Size);
+    BitVector_Empty(X);
+    if (BitVector_is_empty(Y)) return(ErrCode_Ok); /* exit also taken if bits_(Y)==0 */
+    if ((last = Set_Max(Z)) < 0L) return(ErrCode_Ok);
+    limit = (unsigned int) last;
+    sign = Y + size_(Y) - 1;
+    mask = mask_(Y);
+    *sign &= mask;
+    mask &= ~ (mask >> 1);
+    for ( count = 0; (ok && (count <= limit)); count++ )
+    {
+        if ( BIT_VECTOR_TST_BIT(Z,count) )
+        {
+            carry = false;
+            overflow = BitVector_compute(X,X,Y,false,&carry);
+            if (strict) ok = ! (carry || overflow);
+            else        ok = !  carry;
+        }
+        if (ok && (count < limit))
+        {
+            carry = BitVector_shift_left(Y,0);
+            if (strict)
+            {
+                overflow = ((*sign & mask) != 0);
+                ok = ! (carry || overflow);
+            }
+            else ok = ! carry;
+        }
+    }
+    if (ok) return(ErrCode_Ok); else return(ErrCode_Ovfl);
+}
+
+ErrCode BitVector_Multiply(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y, unsigned int *  Z)
+{
+    ErrCode error = ErrCode_Ok;
+    unsigned int  bit_x = bits_(X);
+    unsigned int  bit_y = bits_(Y);
+    unsigned int  bit_z = bits_(Z);
+    unsigned int  size;
+    unsigned int  mask;
+    unsigned int  msb;
+    unsigned int *  ptr_y;
+    unsigned int *  ptr_z;
+    boolean sgn_x;
+    boolean sgn_y;
+    boolean sgn_z;
+    boolean zero;
+    unsigned int *  A;
+    unsigned int *  B;
+
+    /*
+       Requirements:
+         -  Y && Z must have equal sizes
+         -  X must have at least the same size as Y && Z but may be larger (!)
+       Features:
+         -  The contents of Y && Z are preserved
+         -  X may be identical with Y or Z (or both!)
+            (in-place multiplication is possible!)
+    */
+
+    if ((bit_y != bit_z) || (bit_x < bit_y)) return(ErrCode_Size);
+    if (BitVector_is_empty(Y) || BitVector_is_empty(Z))
+    {
+        BitVector_Empty(X);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        A = BitVector_Create(bit_y,false);
+        if (A == NULL) return(ErrCode_Null);
+        B = BitVector_Create(bit_z,false);
+        if (B == NULL) { BitVector_Destroy(A); return(ErrCode_Null); }
+        size  = size_(Y);
+        mask  = mask_(Y);
+        msb   = (mask & ~ (mask >> 1));
+        sgn_y = (((*(Y+size-1) &= mask) & msb) != 0);
+        sgn_z = (((*(Z+size-1) &= mask) & msb) != 0);
+        sgn_x = sgn_y ^ sgn_z;
+        if (sgn_y) BitVector_Negate(A,Y); else BitVector_Copy(A,Y);
+        if (sgn_z) BitVector_Negate(B,Z); else BitVector_Copy(B,Z);
+        ptr_y = A + size;
+        ptr_z = B + size;
+        zero = true;
+        while (zero && (size-- > 0))
+        {
+            zero &= (*(--ptr_y) == 0);
+            zero &= (*(--ptr_z) == 0);
+        }
+        if (*ptr_y > *ptr_z)
+        {
+            if (bit_x > bit_y)
+            {
+                A = BitVector_Resize(A,bit_x);
+                if (A == NULL) { BitVector_Destroy(B); return(ErrCode_Null); }
+            }
+            error = BitVector_Mul_Pos(X,A,B,true);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (bit_x > bit_z)
+            {
+                B = BitVector_Resize(B,bit_x);
+                if (B == NULL) { BitVector_Destroy(A); return(ErrCode_Null); }
+            }
+            error = BitVector_Mul_Pos(X,B,A,true);
+        }
+        if ((! error) && sgn_x) BitVector_Negate(X,X);
+        BitVector_Destroy(A);
+        BitVector_Destroy(B);
+    }
+    return(error);
+}
+
+ErrCode BitVector_Div_Pos(unsigned int *  Q, unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y, unsigned int *  R)
+{
+    unsigned int  bits = bits_(Q);
+    unsigned int  mask;
+    unsigned int *  addr;
+    signed long  last;
+    boolean flag;
+    boolean copy = false; /* flags whether valid rest is in R (0) || X (1) */
+
+    /*
+       Requirements:
+         -  All bit vectors must have equal sizes
+         -  Q, X, Y && R must all be distinct bit vectors
+         -  Y must be non-zero (of course!)
+       Constraints:
+         -  The contents of X (&& Q && R, of course) are destroyed
+            (only Y is preserved!)
+    */
+
+    if ((bits != bits_(X)) || (bits != bits_(Y)) || (bits != bits_(R)))
+        return(ErrCode_Size);
+    if ((Q == X) || (Q == Y) || (Q == R) || (X == Y) || (X == R) || (Y == R))
+        return(ErrCode_Same);
+    if (BitVector_is_empty(Y))
+        return(ErrCode_Zero);
+
+    BitVector_Empty(R);
+    BitVector_Copy(Q,X);
+    if ((last = Set_Max(Q)) < 0L) return(ErrCode_Ok);
+    bits = (unsigned int) ++last;
+    while (bits-- > 0)
+    {
+        addr = Q + (bits >> LOGBITS);
+        mask = BITMASKTAB[bits & MODMASK];
+        flag = ((*addr & mask) != 0);
+        if (copy)
+        {
+            BitVector_shift_left(X,flag);
+            flag = false;
+            BitVector_compute(R,X,Y,true,&flag);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            BitVector_shift_left(R,flag);
+            flag = false;
+            BitVector_compute(X,R,Y,true,&flag);
+        }
+        if (flag) *addr &= ~ mask;
+        else
+        {
+            *addr |= mask;
+            copy = ! copy;
+        }
+    }
+    if (copy) BitVector_Copy(R,X);
+    return(ErrCode_Ok);
+}
+
+ErrCode BitVector_Divide(unsigned int *  Q, unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y, unsigned int *  R)
+{
+    ErrCode error = ErrCode_Ok;
+    unsigned int  bits = bits_(Q);
+    unsigned int  size = size_(Q);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(Q);
+    unsigned int  msb = (mask & ~ (mask >> 1));
+    boolean sgn_q;
+    boolean sgn_x;
+    boolean sgn_y;
+    unsigned int *  A;
+    unsigned int *  B;
+
+    /*
+       Requirements:
+         -  All bit vectors must have equal sizes
+         -  Q && R must be two distinct bit vectors
+         -  Y must be non-zero (of course!)
+       Features:
+         -  The contents of X && Y are preserved
+         -  Q may be identical with X || Y (or both)
+            (in-place division is possible!)
+         -  R may be identical with X || Y (or both)
+            (but not identical with Q!)
+    */
+
+    if ((bits != bits_(X)) || (bits != bits_(Y)) || (bits != bits_(R)))
+        return(ErrCode_Size);
+    if (Q == R)
+        return(ErrCode_Same);
+    if (BitVector_is_empty(Y))
+        return(ErrCode_Zero);
+
+    if (BitVector_is_empty(X))
+    {
+        BitVector_Empty(Q);
+        BitVector_Empty(R);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        A = BitVector_Create(bits,false);
+        if (A == NULL) return(ErrCode_Null);
+        B = BitVector_Create(bits,false);
+        if (B == NULL) { BitVector_Destroy(A); return(ErrCode_Null); }
+        size--;
+        sgn_x = (((*(X+size) &= mask) & msb) != 0);
+        sgn_y = (((*(Y+size) &= mask) & msb) != 0);
+        sgn_q = sgn_x ^ sgn_y;
+        if (sgn_x) BitVector_Negate(A,X); else BitVector_Copy(A,X);
+        if (sgn_y) BitVector_Negate(B,Y); else BitVector_Copy(B,Y);
+        if (! (error = BitVector_Div_Pos(Q,A,B,R)))
+        {
+            if (sgn_q) BitVector_Negate(Q,Q);
+            if (sgn_x) BitVector_Negate(R,R);
+        }
+        BitVector_Destroy(A);
+        BitVector_Destroy(B);
+    }
+    return(error);
+}
+
+ErrCode BitVector_GCD(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y, unsigned int *  Z)
+{
+    ErrCode error = ErrCode_Ok;
+    unsigned int  bits = bits_(X);
+    unsigned int  size = size_(X);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(X);
+    unsigned int  msb = (mask & ~ (mask >> 1));
+    boolean sgn_a;
+    boolean sgn_b;
+    boolean sgn_r;
+    unsigned int *  Q;
+    unsigned int *  R;
+    unsigned int *  A;
+    unsigned int *  B;
+    unsigned int *  T;
+
+    /*
+       Requirements:
+         -  All bit vectors must have equal sizes
+       Features:
+         -  The contents of Y && Z are preserved
+         -  X may be identical with Y || Z (or both)
+            (in-place is possible!)
+         -  GCD(0,z) == GCD(z,0) == z
+         -  negative values are h&&led correctly
+    */
+
+    if ((bits != bits_(Y)) || (bits != bits_(Z))) return(ErrCode_Size);
+    if (BitVector_is_empty(Y))
+    {
+        if (X != Z) BitVector_Copy(X,Z);
+        return(ErrCode_Ok);
+    }
+    if (BitVector_is_empty(Z))
+    {
+        if (X != Y) BitVector_Copy(X,Y);
+        return(ErrCode_Ok);
+    }
+    Q = BitVector_Create(bits,false);
+    if (Q == NULL)
+    {
+        return(ErrCode_Null);
+    }
+    R = BitVector_Create(bits,false);
+    if (R == NULL)
+    {
+        BitVector_Destroy(Q);
+        return(ErrCode_Null);
+    }
+    A = BitVector_Create(bits,false);
+    if (A == NULL)
+    {
+        BitVector_Destroy(Q);
+        BitVector_Destroy(R);
+        return(ErrCode_Null);
+    }
+    B = BitVector_Create(bits,false);
+    if (B == NULL)
+    {
+        BitVector_Destroy(Q);
+        BitVector_Destroy(R);
+        BitVector_Destroy(A);
+        return(ErrCode_Null);
+    }
+    size--;
+    sgn_a = (((*(Y+size) &= mask) & msb) != 0);
+    sgn_b = (((*(Z+size) &= mask) & msb) != 0);
+    if (sgn_a) BitVector_Negate(A,Y); else BitVector_Copy(A,Y);
+    if (sgn_b) BitVector_Negate(B,Z); else BitVector_Copy(B,Z);
+    while (! error)
+    {
+        if (! (error = BitVector_Div_Pos(Q,A,B,R)))
+        {
+            if (BitVector_is_empty(R)) break;
+            T = A; sgn_r = sgn_a;
+            A = B; sgn_a = sgn_b;
+            B = R; sgn_b = sgn_r;
+            R = T;
+        }
+    }
+    if (! error)
+    {
+        if (sgn_b) BitVector_Negate(X,B); else BitVector_Copy(X,B);
+    }
+    BitVector_Destroy(Q);
+    BitVector_Destroy(R);
+    BitVector_Destroy(A);
+    BitVector_Destroy(B);
+    return(error);
+}
+
+ErrCode BitVector_GCD2(unsigned int *  U, unsigned int *  V, unsigned int *  W, unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y)
+{
+    ErrCode error = ErrCode_Ok;
+    unsigned int  bits = bits_(U);
+    unsigned int  size = size_(U);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(U);
+    unsigned int  msb = (mask & ~ (mask >> 1));
+    boolean minus;
+    boolean carry;
+    boolean sgn_q;
+    boolean sgn_r;
+    boolean sgn_a;
+    boolean sgn_b;
+    boolean sgn_x;
+    boolean sgn_y;
+    unsigned int *  *  L;
+    unsigned int *  Q;
+    unsigned int *  R;
+    unsigned int *  A;
+    unsigned int *  B;
+    unsigned int *  T;
+    unsigned int *  X1;
+    unsigned int *  X2;
+    unsigned int *  X3;
+    unsigned int *  Y1;
+    unsigned int *  Y2;
+    unsigned int *  Y3;
+    unsigned int *  Z;
+
+    /*
+       Requirements:
+         -  All bit vectors must have equal sizes
+         -  U, V, && W must all be distinct bit vectors
+       Features:
+         -  The contents of X && Y are preserved
+         -  U, V && W may be identical with X || Y (or both,
+            provided that U, V && W are mutually distinct)
+            (i.e., in-place is possible!)
+         -  GCD(0,z) == GCD(z,0) == z
+         -  negative values are h&&led correctly
+    */
+
+    if ((bits != bits_(V)) ||
+        (bits != bits_(W)) ||
+        (bits != bits_(X)) ||
+        (bits != bits_(Y)))
+    {
+        return(ErrCode_Size);
+    }
+    if ((U == V) || (U == W) || (V == W))
+    {
+        return(ErrCode_Same);
+    }
+    if (BitVector_is_empty(X))
+    {
+        if (U != Y) BitVector_Copy(U,Y);
+        BitVector_Empty(V);
+        BitVector_Empty(W);
+        *W = 1;
+        return(ErrCode_Ok);
+    }
+    if (BitVector_is_empty(Y))
+    {
+        if (U != X) BitVector_Copy(U,X);
+        BitVector_Empty(V);
+        BitVector_Empty(W);
+        *V = 1;
+        return(ErrCode_Ok);
+    }
+    if ((L = BitVector_Create_List(bits,false,11)) == NULL)
+    {
+        return(ErrCode_Null);
+    }
+    Q  = L[0];
+    R  = L[1];
+    A  = L[2];
+    B  = L[3];
+    X1 = L[4];
+    X2 = L[5];
+    X3 = L[6];
+    Y1 = L[7];
+    Y2 = L[8];
+    Y3 = L[9];
+    Z  = L[10];
+    size--;
+    sgn_a = (((*(X+size) &= mask) & msb) != 0);
+    sgn_b = (((*(Y+size) &= mask) & msb) != 0);
+    if (sgn_a) BitVector_Negate(A,X); else BitVector_Copy(A,X);
+    if (sgn_b) BitVector_Negate(B,Y); else BitVector_Copy(B,Y);
+    BitVector_Empty(X1);
+    BitVector_Empty(X2);
+    *X1 = 1;
+    BitVector_Empty(Y1);
+    BitVector_Empty(Y2);
+    *Y2 = 1;
+    sgn_x = false;
+    sgn_y = false;
+    while (! error)
+    {
+        if ((error = BitVector_Div_Pos(Q,A,B,R)))
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        if (BitVector_is_empty(R))
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        sgn_q = sgn_a ^ sgn_b;
+
+        if (sgn_x) BitVector_Negate(Z,X2); else BitVector_Copy(Z,X2);
+        if ((error = BitVector_Mul_Pos(X3,Z,Q,true)))
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        minus = ! (sgn_x ^ sgn_q);
+        carry = 0;
+        if (BitVector_compute(X3,X1,X3,minus,&carry))
+        {
+            error = ErrCode_Ovfl;
+            break;
+        }
+        sgn_x = (((*(X3+size) &= mask) & msb) != 0);
+
+        if (sgn_y) BitVector_Negate(Z,Y2); else BitVector_Copy(Z,Y2);
+        if ((error = BitVector_Mul_Pos(Y3,Z,Q,true)))
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        minus = ! (sgn_y ^ sgn_q);
+        carry = 0;
+        if (BitVector_compute(Y3,Y1,Y3,minus,&carry))
+        {
+            error = ErrCode_Ovfl;
+            break;
+        }
+        sgn_y = (((*(Y3+size) &= mask) & msb) != 0);
+
+        T = A; sgn_r = sgn_a;
+        A = B; sgn_a = sgn_b;
+        B = R; sgn_b = sgn_r;
+        R = T;
+
+        T = X1;
+        X1 = X2;
+        X2 = X3;
+        X3 = T;
+
+        T = Y1;
+        Y1 = Y2;
+        Y2 = Y3;
+        Y3 = T;
+    }
+    if (! error)
+    {
+        if (sgn_b) BitVector_Negate(U,B); else BitVector_Copy(U,B);
+        BitVector_Copy(V,X2);
+        BitVector_Copy(W,Y2);
+    }
+    BitVector_Destroy_List(L,11);
+    return(error);
+}
+
+ErrCode BitVector_Power(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y, unsigned int *  Z)
+{
+    ErrCode error = ErrCode_Ok;
+    unsigned int  bits  = bits_(X);
+    boolean first = true;
+    signed long  last;
+    unsigned int  limit;
+    unsigned int  count;
+    unsigned int *  T;
+
+    /*
+       Requirements:
+         -  X must have at least the same size as Y but may be larger (!)
+         -  X may not be identical with Z
+         -  Z must be positive
+       Features:
+         -  The contents of Y && Z are preserved
+    */
+
+    if (X == Z) return(ErrCode_Same);
+    if (bits < bits_(Y)) return(ErrCode_Size);
+    if (BitVector_msb_(Z)) return(ErrCode_Expo);
+    if ((last = Set_Max(Z)) < 0L)
+    {
+        if (bits < 2) return(ErrCode_Ovfl);
+        BitVector_Empty(X);
+        *X |= LSB;
+        return(ErrCode_Ok);                             /* anything ^ 0 == 1 */
+    }
+    if (BitVector_is_empty(Y))
+    {
+        if (X != Y) BitVector_Empty(X);
+        return(ErrCode_Ok);                    /* 0 ^ anything ! zero == 0 */
+    }
+    T = BitVector_Create(bits,false);
+    if (T == NULL) return(ErrCode_Null);
+    limit = (unsigned int) last;
+    for ( count = 0; ((!error) && (count <= limit)); count++ )
+    {
+        if ( BIT_VECTOR_TST_BIT(Z,count) )
+        {
+            if (first)
+            {
+                first = false;
+                if (count) {             BitVector_Copy(X,T); }
+                else       { if (X != Y) BitVector_Copy(X,Y); }
+            }
+            else error = BitVector_Multiply(X,T,X); /* order important because T > X */
+        }
+        if ((!error) && (count < limit))
+        {
+            if (count) error = BitVector_Multiply(T,T,T);
+            else       error = BitVector_Multiply(T,Y,Y);
+        }
+    }
+    BitVector_Destroy(T);
+    return(error);
+}
+
+void BitVector_Block_Store(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned char * buffer, unsigned int length)
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(addr);
+    unsigned int  value;
+    unsigned int  count;
+
+    /* provide translation for independence of endian-ness: */
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        while (size-- > 0)
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            for ( count = 0; (length > 0) && (count < BITS); count += 8 )
+            {
+                value |= (((unsigned int) *buffer++) << count); length--;
+            }
+            *addr++ = value;
+        }
+        *(--addr) &= mask;
+    }
+}
+
+unsigned char * BitVector_Block_Read(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int * length)
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  value;
+    unsigned int  count;
+    unsigned char * buffer;
+    unsigned char * target;
+
+    /* provide translation for independence of endian-ness: */
+    *length = size << FACTOR;
+    buffer = (unsigned char *) malloc((size_t) ((*length)+1));
+    if (buffer == NULL) return(NULL);
+    target = buffer;
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        *(addr+size-1) &= mask_(addr);
+        while (size-- > 0)
+        {
+            value = *addr++;
+            count = BITS >> 3;
+            while (count-- > 0)
+            {
+                *target++ = (unsigned char) (value & 0x00FF);
+                if (count > 0) value >>= 8;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    *target = (unsigned char) '\0';
+    return(buffer);
+}
+
+void BitVector_Word_Store(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int offset, unsigned int value)
+{
+    unsigned int size = size_(addr);
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        if (offset < size) *(addr+offset) = value;
+        *(addr+size-1) &= mask_(addr);
+    }
+}
+
+unsigned int BitVector_Word_Read(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int offset)
+{
+    unsigned int size = size_(addr);
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        *(addr+size-1) &= mask_(addr);
+        if (offset < size) return( *(addr+offset) );
+    }
+    return( (unsigned int) 0 );
+}
+
+void BitVector_Word_Insert(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int offset, unsigned int count,
+                           boolean clear)
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(addr);
+    unsigned int *  last = addr+size-1;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        *last &= mask;
+        if (offset > size) offset = size;
+        BIT_VECTOR_ins_words(addr+offset,size-offset,count,clear);
+        *last &= mask;
+    }
+}
+
+void BitVector_Word_Delete(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int offset, unsigned int count,
+                           boolean clear)
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  mask = mask_(addr);
+    unsigned int *  last = addr+size-1;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+        *last &= mask;
+        if (offset > size) offset = size;
+        BIT_VECTOR_del_words(addr+offset,size-offset,count,clear);
+        *last &= mask;
+    }
+}
+
+void BitVector_Chunk_Store(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int chunksize, unsigned int offset,
+                           unsigned long value)
+{
+    unsigned int bits = bits_(addr);
+    unsigned int mask;
+    unsigned int temp;
+
+    if ((chunksize > 0) && (offset < bits))
+    {
+        if (chunksize > LONGBITS) chunksize = LONGBITS;
+        if ((offset + chunksize) > bits) chunksize = bits - offset;
+        addr += offset >> LOGBITS;
+        offset &= MODMASK;
+        while (chunksize > 0)
+        {
+            mask = (unsigned int) (~0L << offset);
+            bits = offset + chunksize;
+            if (bits < BITS)
+            {
+                mask &= (unsigned int) ~(~0L << bits);
+                bits = chunksize;
+            }
+            else bits = BITS - offset;
+            temp = (unsigned int) (value << offset);
+            temp &= mask;
+            *addr &= ~ mask;
+            *addr++ |= temp;
+            value >>= bits;
+            chunksize -= bits;
+            offset = 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+unsigned long BitVector_Chunk_Read(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int chunksize, unsigned int offset)
+{
+    unsigned int bits = bits_(addr);
+    unsigned int chunkbits = 0;
+    unsigned long value = 0L;
+    unsigned long temp;
+    unsigned int mask;
+
+    if ((chunksize > 0) && (offset < bits))
+    {
+        if (chunksize > LONGBITS) chunksize = LONGBITS;
+        if ((offset + chunksize) > bits) chunksize = bits - offset;
+        addr += offset >> LOGBITS;
+        offset &= MODMASK;
+        while (chunksize > 0)
+        {
+            bits = offset + chunksize;
+            if (bits < BITS)
+            {
+                mask = (unsigned int) ~(~0L << bits);
+                bits = chunksize;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                mask = (unsigned int) ~0L;
+                bits = BITS - offset;
+            }
+            temp = (unsigned long) ((*addr++ & mask) >> offset);
+            value |= temp << chunkbits;
+            chunkbits += bits;
+            chunksize -= bits;
+            offset = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    return(value);
+}
+
+    /*******************/
+    /* set operations: */
+    /*******************/
+
+void Set_Union(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y, unsigned int *  Z)             /* X = Y + Z     */
+{
+    unsigned int bits = bits_(X);
+    unsigned int size = size_(X);
+    unsigned int mask = mask_(X);
+
+    if ((size > 0) && (bits == bits_(Y)) && (bits == bits_(Z)))
+    {
+        while (size-- > 0) *X++ = *Y++ | *Z++;
+        *(--X) &= mask;
+    }
+}
+
+void Set_Intersection(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y, unsigned int *  Z)      /* X = Y * Z     */
+{
+    unsigned int bits = bits_(X);
+    unsigned int size = size_(X);
+    unsigned int mask = mask_(X);
+
+    if ((size > 0) && (bits == bits_(Y)) && (bits == bits_(Z)))
+    {
+        while (size-- > 0) *X++ = *Y++ & *Z++;
+        *(--X) &= mask;
+    }
+}
+
+void Set_Difference(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y, unsigned int *  Z)        /* X = Y \ Z     */
+{
+    unsigned int bits = bits_(X);
+    unsigned int size = size_(X);
+    unsigned int mask = mask_(X);
+
+    if ((size > 0) && (bits == bits_(Y)) && (bits == bits_(Z)))
+    {
+        while (size-- > 0) *X++ = *Y++ & ~ *Z++;
+        *(--X) &= mask;
+    }
+}
+
+void Set_ExclusiveOr(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y, unsigned int *  Z)       /* X=(Y+Z)\(Y*Z) */
+{
+    unsigned int bits = bits_(X);
+    unsigned int size = size_(X);
+    unsigned int mask = mask_(X);
+
+    if ((size > 0) && (bits == bits_(Y)) && (bits == bits_(Z)))
+    {
+        while (size-- > 0) *X++ = *Y++ ^ *Z++;
+        *(--X) &= mask;
+    }
+}
+
+void Set_Complement(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y)                   /* X = ~Y        */
+{
+    unsigned int size = size_(X);
+    unsigned int mask = mask_(X);
+
+    if ((size > 0) && (bits_(X) == bits_(Y)))
+    {
+        while (size-- > 0) *X++ = ~ *Y++;
+        *(--X) &= mask;
+    }
+}
+
+    /******************/
+    /* set functions: */
+    /******************/
+
+boolean Set_subset(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int *  Y)                    /* X subset Y ?  */
+{
+    unsigned int size = size_(X);
+    boolean r = false;
+
+    if ((size > 0) && (bits_(X) == bits_(Y)))
+    {
+        r = true;
+        while (r && (size-- > 0)) r = ((*X++ & ~ *Y++) == 0);
+    }
+    return(r);
+}
+
+unsigned int Set_Norm(unsigned int *  addr)                                /* = | X |       */
+{
+    unsigned char * byte;
+    unsigned int  bytes;
+    unsigned int   n;
+
+    byte = (unsigned char *) addr;
+    bytes = size_(addr) << FACTOR;
+    n = 0;
+    while (bytes-- > 0)
+    {
+        n += BitVector_BYTENORM[*byte++];
+    }
+    return(n);
+}
+
+unsigned int Set_Norm2(unsigned int *  addr)                               /* = | X |       */
+{
+    unsigned int  size = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  w0,w1;
+    unsigned int   n,k;
+
+    n = 0;
+    while (size-- > 0)
+    {
+        k = 0;
+        w1 = ~ (w0 = *addr++);
+        while (w0 && w1)
+        {
+            w0 &= w0 - 1;
+            w1 &= w1 - 1;
+            k++;
+        }
+        if (w0 == 0) n += k;
+        else         n += BITS - k;
+    }
+    return(n);
+}
+
+unsigned int Set_Norm3(unsigned int *  addr)                               /* = | X |       */
+{
+    unsigned int  size  = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int   count = 0;
+    unsigned int  c;
+
+    while (size-- > 0)
+    {
+        c = *addr++;
+        while (c)
+        {
+            c &= c - 1;
+            count++;
+        }
+    }
+    return(count);
+}
+
+signed long Set_Min(unsigned int *  addr)                                /* = min(X)      */
+{
+    boolean empty = true;
+    unsigned int  size  = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  i     = 0;
+    unsigned int  c     = 0;         /* silence compiler warning */
+
+    while (empty && (size-- > 0))
+    {
+        if ((c = *addr++)) empty = false; else i++;
+    }
+    if (empty) return((signed long) LONG_MAX);                  /* plus infinity  */
+    i <<= LOGBITS;
+    while (! (c & LSB))
+    {
+        c >>= 1;
+        i++;
+    }
+    return((signed long) i);
+}
+
+signed long Set_Max(unsigned int *  addr)                                /* = max(X)      */
+{
+    boolean empty = true;
+    unsigned int  size  = size_(addr);
+    unsigned int  i     = size;
+    unsigned int  c     = 0;         /* silence compiler warning */
+
+    addr += size-1;
+    while (empty && (size-- > 0))
+    {
+        if ((c = *addr--)) empty = false; else i--;
+    }
+    if (empty) return((signed long) LONG_MIN);                  /* minus infinity */
+    i <<= LOGBITS;
+    while (! (c & MSB))
+    {
+        c <<= 1;
+        i--;
+    }
+    return((signed long) --i);
+}
+
+    /**********************************/
+    /* matrix-of-booleans operations: */
+    /**********************************/
+
+void Matrix_Multiplication(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int rowsX, unsigned int colsX,
+                           unsigned int *  Y, unsigned int rowsY, unsigned int colsY,
+                           unsigned int *  Z, unsigned int rowsZ, unsigned int colsZ)
+{
+    unsigned int i;
+    unsigned int j;
+    unsigned int k;
+    unsigned int indxX;
+    unsigned int indxY;
+    unsigned int indxZ;
+    unsigned int termX;
+    unsigned int termY;
+    unsigned int sum;
+
+  if ((colsY == rowsZ) && (rowsX == rowsY) && (colsX == colsZ) &&
+      (bits_(X) == rowsX*colsX) &&
+      (bits_(Y) == rowsY*colsY) &&
+      (bits_(Z) == rowsZ*colsZ))
+  {
+    for ( i = 0; i < rowsY; i++ )
+    {
+        termX = i * colsX;
+        termY = i * colsY;
+        for ( j = 0; j < colsZ; j++ )
+        {
+            indxX = termX + j;
+            sum = 0;
+            for ( k = 0; k < colsY; k++ )
+            {
+                indxY = termY + k;
+                indxZ = k * colsZ + j;
+                if ( BIT_VECTOR_TST_BIT(Y,indxY) &
+                     BIT_VECTOR_TST_BIT(Z,indxZ) ) sum ^= 1;
+            }
+            if (sum) BIT_VECTOR_SET_BIT(X,indxX)
+            else     BIT_VECTOR_CLR_BIT(X,indxX)
+        }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Matrix_Product(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int rowsX, unsigned int colsX,
+                    unsigned int *  Y, unsigned int rowsY, unsigned int colsY,
+                    unsigned int *  Z, unsigned int rowsZ, unsigned int colsZ)
+{
+    unsigned int i;
+    unsigned int j;
+    unsigned int k;
+    unsigned int indxX;
+    unsigned int indxY;
+    unsigned int indxZ;
+    unsigned int termX;
+    unsigned int termY;
+    unsigned int sum;
+
+  if ((colsY == rowsZ) && (rowsX == rowsY) && (colsX == colsZ) &&
+      (bits_(X) == rowsX*colsX) &&
+      (bits_(Y) == rowsY*colsY) &&
+      (bits_(Z) == rowsZ*colsZ))
+  {
+    for ( i = 0; i < rowsY; i++ )
+    {
+        termX = i * colsX;
+        termY = i * colsY;
+        for ( j = 0; j < colsZ; j++ )
+        {
+            indxX = termX + j;
+            sum = 0;
+            for ( k = 0; k < colsY; k++ )
+            {
+                indxY = termY + k;
+                indxZ = k * colsZ + j;
+                if ( BIT_VECTOR_TST_BIT(Y,indxY) &
+                     BIT_VECTOR_TST_BIT(Z,indxZ) ) sum |= 1;
+            }
+            if (sum) BIT_VECTOR_SET_BIT(X,indxX)
+            else     BIT_VECTOR_CLR_BIT(X,indxX)
+        }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Matrix_Closure(unsigned int *  addr, unsigned int rows, unsigned int cols)
+{
+    unsigned int i;
+    unsigned int j;
+    unsigned int k;
+    unsigned int ii;
+    unsigned int ij;
+    unsigned int ik;
+    unsigned int kj;
+    unsigned int termi;
+    unsigned int termk;
+
+  if ((rows == cols) && (bits_(addr) == rows*cols))
+  {
+    for ( i = 0; i < rows; i++ )
+    {
+        ii = i * cols + i;
+        BIT_VECTOR_SET_BIT(addr,ii)
+    }
+    for ( k = 0; k < rows; k++ )
+    {
+        termk = k * cols;
+        for ( i = 0; i < rows; i++ )
+        {
+            termi = i * cols;
+            ik = termi + k;
+            for ( j = 0; j < rows; j++ )
+            {
+                ij = termi + j;
+                kj = termk + j;
+                if ( BIT_VECTOR_TST_BIT(addr,ik) &
+                     BIT_VECTOR_TST_BIT(addr,kj) )
+                     BIT_VECTOR_SET_BIT(addr,ij)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Matrix_Transpose(unsigned int *  X, unsigned int rowsX, unsigned int colsX,
+                      unsigned int *  Y, unsigned int rowsY, unsigned int colsY)
+{
+    unsigned int  i;
+    unsigned int  j;
+    unsigned int  ii;
+    unsigned int  ij;
+    unsigned int  ji;
+    unsigned int  addii;
+    unsigned int  addij;
+    unsigned int  addji;
+    unsigned int  bitii;
+    unsigned int  bitij;
+    unsigned int  bitji;
+    unsigned int  termi;
+    unsigned int  termj;
+    boolean swap;
+
+  /* BEWARE that "in-place" is ONLY possible if the matrix is quadratic!! */
+
+  if ((rowsX == colsY) && (colsX == rowsY) &&
+      (bits_(X) == rowsX*colsX) &&
+      (bits_(Y) == rowsY*colsY))
+  {
+    if (rowsY == colsY) /* in-place is possible! */
+    {
+        for ( i = 0; i < rowsY; i++ )
+        {
+            termi = i * colsY;
+            for ( j = 0; j < i; j++ )
+            {
+                termj = j * colsX;
+                ij = termi + j;
+                ji = termj + i;
+                addij = ij >> LOGBITS;
+                addji = ji >> LOGBITS;
+                bitij = BITMASKTAB[ij & MODMASK];
+                bitji = BITMASKTAB[ji & MODMASK];
+                swap = ((*(Y+addij) & bitij) != 0);
+                if ((*(Y+addji) & bitji) != 0)
+                     *(X+addij) |=     bitij;
+                else
+                     *(X+addij) &= ~ bitij;
+                if (swap)
+                     *(X+addji) |=     bitji;
+                else
+                     *(X+addji) &= ~ bitji;
+            }
+            ii = termi + i;
+            addii = ii >> LOGBITS;
+            bitii = BITMASKTAB[ii & MODMASK];
+            if ((*(Y+addii) & bitii) != 0)
+                 *(X+addii) |=     bitii;
+            else
+                 *(X+addii) &= ~ bitii;
+        }
+    }
+    else /* rowsX != colsX, in-place is ~ possible! */
+    {
+        for ( i = 0; i < rowsY; i++ )
+        {
+            termi = i * colsY;
+            for ( j = 0; j < colsY; j++ )
+            {
+                termj = j * colsX;
+                ij = termi + j;
+                ji = termj + i;
+                addij = ij >> LOGBITS;
+                addji = ji >> LOGBITS;
+                bitij = BITMASKTAB[ij & MODMASK];
+                bitji = BITMASKTAB[ji & MODMASK];
+                if ((*(Y+addij) & bitij) != 0)
+                     *(X+addji) |=     bitji;
+                else
+                     *(X+addji) &= ~ bitji;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  }
+}
+}; //end of namespace CONSTANTBV
diff --git a/stp/constantbv/constantbv.h b/stp/constantbv/constantbv.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..47e0c56f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stp/constantbv/constantbv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+#ifndef MODULE_BIT_VECTOR
+#define MODULE_BIT_VECTOR
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*  AUTHOR:                                                                  */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*                                                                           */
+/*    Steffen Beyer                                                          */
+/*    mailto:sb@engelschall.com                                              */
+/*    http://www.engelschall.com/u/sb/download/                              */
+/*                                                                           */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*  COPYRIGHT:                                                               */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*                                                                           */
+/*    Copyright (c) 1995 - 2004 by Steffen Beyer.                            */
+/*    All rights reserved.                                                   */
+/*                                                                           */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*  LICENSE:                                                                 */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*                                                                           */
+/*    This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or          */
+/*    modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public            */
+/*    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either           */
+/*    version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.       */
+/*                                                                           */
+/*    This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,        */
+/*    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of         */
+/*    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU       */
+/*    Library General Public License for more details.                       */
+/*                                                                           */
+/*    You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public      */
+/*    License along with this library; if not, write to the                  */
+/*    Free Software Foundation, Inc.,                                        */
+/*    59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA                  */
+/*                                                                           */
+/*    or download a copy from ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/COPYING.LIB-2.0      */
+/*                                                                           */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*  MODULE NAME:  BitVector.h                           MODULE TYPE:  (adt)  */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*  MODULE IMPORTS:                                                          */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+#include <stdlib.h>                                 /*  MODULE TYPE:  (sys)  */
+#include <limits.h>                                 /*  MODULE TYPE:  (sys)  */
+#include <string.h>                                 /*  MODULE TYPE:  (sys)  */
+#include <ctype.h>                                  /*  MODULE TYPE:  (sys)  */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/*  MODULE INTERFACE:                                                        */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+namespace CONSTANTBV {
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+  extern "C" {
+    typedef bool boolean;
+#else
+    typedef enum { false = (0!=0), true = (0==0) } boolean;
+#endif
+
+    typedef enum {
+        ErrCode_Ok = 0,    /* everything went allright                       */	
+        ErrCode_Type,      /* types word and size_t have incompatible sizes  */
+        ErrCode_Bits,      /* bits of word and sizeof(word) are inconsistent */
+        ErrCode_Word,      /* size of word is less than 16 bits              */
+        ErrCode_Long,      /* size of word is greater than size of long      */
+        ErrCode_Powr,      /* number of bits of word is not a power of two   */
+        ErrCode_Loga,      /* error in calculation of logarithm              */	
+        ErrCode_Null,      /* unable to allocate memory                      */	
+        ErrCode_Indx,      /* index out of range                             */
+        ErrCode_Ordr,      /* minimum > maximum index                        */
+        ErrCode_Size,      /* bit vector size mismatch                       */
+        ErrCode_Pars,      /* input string syntax error                      */
+        ErrCode_Ovfl,      /* numeric overflow error                         */
+        ErrCode_Same,      /* operands must be distinct                      */
+        ErrCode_Expo,      /* exponent must be positive                      */
+        ErrCode_Zero       /* division by zero error                         */
+      } ErrCode;
+
+
+    /* ===> MISCELLANEOUS BASIC FUNCTIONS: <=== */
+    unsigned char * BitVector_Error(ErrCode error);     /* return string for err code */
+    ErrCode         BitVector_Boot (void);              /* 0 = ok, 1..7 = error */
+    unsigned int    BitVector_Size(unsigned int bits);  /* bit vector size (# of words)  */
+    unsigned int    BitVector_Mask(unsigned int bits);  /* bit vector mask (unused bits) */
+    
+    /* ===> CLASS METHODS: <=== */
+    unsigned char * BitVector_Version(void);           /* return version string */
+    unsigned int    BitVector_Word_Bits(void);         /* return # of bits in machine word */
+    unsigned int    BitVector_Long_Bits(void);         /* return # of bits in unsigned long */
+
+    /* ===> CONSTRUCTOR METHODS: <=== */
+    unsigned int *  BitVector_Create      (unsigned int bits, boolean clear);                /* malloc */
+    unsigned int ** BitVector_Create_List (unsigned int bits, boolean clear, unsigned int count);
+    unsigned int *  BitVector_Resize      (unsigned int * oldaddr, unsigned int bits);       /* realloc */
+    unsigned int *  BitVector_Shadow      (unsigned int * addr);                             /* make new same size but empty */
+    unsigned int *  BitVector_Clone       (unsigned int * addr);                             /* make exact duplicate */
+    unsigned int *  BitVector_Concat      (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y);              /* return concatenation */
+
+    /* ===> DESTRUCTOR METHODS: <=== */
+    void    BitVector_Dispose             (unsigned char * string);                     /* string */
+    void    BitVector_Destroy             (unsigned int * addr);                        /* bitvec */
+    void    BitVector_Destroy_List        (unsigned int * * list, unsigned int count);  /* list   */
+
+    /* ===> OBJECT METHODS: <=== */
+
+    /* ===> bit vector hash: */
+    size_t  BitVector_Hash                (unsigned int * X);
+
+    /* ===> bit vector copy function: */
+    void    BitVector_Copy                (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y);              /* X := Y   */
+
+    /* ===> bit vector initialization: */
+    void    BitVector_Empty               (unsigned int * addr);                      /* X = {}  */
+    void    BitVector_Fill                (unsigned int * addr);                      /* X = ~{} */
+    void    BitVector_Flip                (unsigned int * addr);                      /* X = ~X  */
+    void    BitVector_Primes              (unsigned int * addr);
+
+    /* ===> miscellaneous functions: */
+    void    BitVector_Reverse             (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y);
+    
+    /* ===> bit vector interval operations and functions: */
+    void    BitVector_Interval_Empty      (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int lower, unsigned int upper);
+    void    BitVector_Interval_Fill       (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int lower, unsigned int upper);
+    void    BitVector_Interval_Flip       (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int lower, unsigned int upper);
+    void    BitVector_Interval_Reverse    (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int lower, unsigned int upper);
+    
+    boolean BitVector_interval_scan_inc   (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int start,
+					   unsigned int * min, unsigned int * max);
+    boolean BitVector_interval_scan_dec   (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int start,
+					   unsigned int * min, unsigned int * max);
+    void    BitVector_Interval_Copy       (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y, 
+					   unsigned int Xoffset, unsigned int Yoffset, unsigned int length);
+    unsigned int * BitVector_Interval_Substitute(unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y,
+						 unsigned int Xoffset, unsigned int Xlength,
+						 unsigned int Yoffset, unsigned int Ylength);
+
+    /* ===> bit vector test functions: */
+    boolean BitVector_is_empty            (unsigned int * addr);                         /* X == {} ?   */
+    boolean BitVector_is_full             (unsigned int * addr);                         /* X == ~{} ?  */
+    boolean BitVector_equal               (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y);          /* X == Y ?    */
+    signed int   BitVector_Lexicompare    (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y);          /* X <,=,> Y ? */
+    signed int   BitVector_Compare        (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y);          /* X <,=,> Y ? */
+    
+    /* ===> bit vector string conversion functions: */
+    unsigned char * BitVector_to_Hex      (unsigned int * addr);
+    ErrCode BitVector_from_Hex            (unsigned int * addr, unsigned char * string);
+    unsigned char * BitVector_to_Bin      (unsigned int * addr);
+    ErrCode BitVector_from_Bin            (unsigned int * addr, unsigned char * string);
+    unsigned char * BitVector_to_Dec      (unsigned int * addr);
+    ErrCode BitVector_from_Dec            (unsigned int * addr, unsigned char * string);
+    unsigned char * BitVector_to_Enum     (unsigned int * addr);
+    ErrCode BitVector_from_Enum           (unsigned int * addr, unsigned char * string);
+    
+    /* ===> bit vector bit operations, functions & tests: */
+    void    BitVector_Bit_Off             (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int index); /*  X = X \ {x}    */
+    void    BitVector_Bit_On              (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int index); /*  X = X + {x}    */
+    boolean BitVector_bit_flip            (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int index); /* (X+{x})\(X*{x}) */
+    boolean BitVector_bit_test            (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int index); /*  {x} in X ?     */
+    void    BitVector_Bit_Copy            (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int index, boolean bit);
+    
+    /* ===> bit vector bit shift & rotate functions: */
+    void    BitVector_LSB                 (unsigned int * addr, boolean bit);
+    void    BitVector_MSB                 (unsigned int * addr, boolean bit);
+    boolean BitVector_lsb_                (unsigned int * addr);
+    boolean BitVector_msb_                (unsigned int * addr);
+    boolean BitVector_rotate_left         (unsigned int * addr);
+    boolean BitVector_rotate_right        (unsigned int * addr);
+    boolean BitVector_shift_left          (unsigned int * addr, boolean carry_in);
+    boolean BitVector_shift_right         (unsigned int * addr, boolean carry_in);
+    void    BitVector_Move_Left           (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int bits);
+    void    BitVector_Move_Right          (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int bits);
+    
+    /* ===> bit vector insert/delete bits: */
+    void    BitVector_Insert              (unsigned int * addr, 
+					   unsigned int offset, unsigned int count, boolean clear);
+    void    BitVector_Delete              (unsigned int * addr, 
+					   unsigned int offset, unsigned int count, boolean clear);
+    
+    /* ===> bit vector arithmetic: */
+    boolean BitVector_increment           (unsigned int * addr);                        /*  X++  */
+    boolean BitVector_decrement           (unsigned int * addr);                        /*  X--  */
+    boolean BitVector_compute             (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y, 
+					   unsigned int * Z, boolean minus, boolean *carry);
+    boolean BitVector_add                 (unsigned int * X, 
+					   unsigned int * Y, unsigned int * Z, boolean *carry);
+    boolean BitVector_sub                 (unsigned int * X, 
+					   unsigned int * Y, unsigned int * Z, boolean *carry); /* X = Y-Z*/
+    boolean BitVector_inc                 (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y);
+    boolean BitVector_dec                 (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y);
+    
+    void    BitVector_Negate              (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y);
+    void    BitVector_Absolute            (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y);
+    signed int   BitVector_Sign           (unsigned int * addr);
+    ErrCode BitVector_Mul_Pos             (unsigned int * X, 
+					   unsigned int * Y, unsigned int * Z, boolean strict);
+    ErrCode BitVector_Multiply            (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y, unsigned int * Z);
+    ErrCode BitVector_Div_Pos             (unsigned int * Q, unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y, unsigned int * R);
+    ErrCode BitVector_Divide              (unsigned int * Q, unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y, unsigned int * R);
+    ErrCode BitVector_GCD                 (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y, unsigned int * Z);
+    ErrCode BitVector_GCD2                (unsigned int * U, unsigned int * V, unsigned int * W,      /*   O   */
+					   unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y);     /*   I   */
+    ErrCode BitVector_Power               (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y, unsigned int * Z);
+    
+    /* ===> direct memory access functions: */
+    void    BitVector_Block_Store         (unsigned int * addr, 
+					   unsigned char * buffer, unsigned int length);
+    unsigned char * BitVector_Block_Read  (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int * length);
+    
+    /* ===> word array functions: */
+    void    BitVector_Word_Store          (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int offset, unsigned int value);
+    unsigned int   BitVector_Word_Read    (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int offset);
+    void    BitVector_Word_Insert         (unsigned int * addr, 
+					   unsigned int offset, unsigned int count, boolean clear);
+    void    BitVector_Word_Delete         (unsigned int * addr, 
+					   unsigned int offset, unsigned int count, boolean clear);
+    
+    /* ===> arbitrary size chunk functions: */
+    void    BitVector_Chunk_Store         (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int chunksize,
+					   unsigned int offset, unsigned long value);
+    unsigned long  BitVector_Chunk_Read   (unsigned int * addr, 
+					   unsigned int chunksize,unsigned int offset);
+    
+    /* ===> set operations: */
+    void    Set_Union                     (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y, unsigned int * Z); /* X = Y + Z */
+    void    Set_Intersection              (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y, unsigned int * Z); /* X = Y * Z */
+    void    Set_Difference                (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y, unsigned int * Z); /* X = Y \ Z */
+    void    Set_ExclusiveOr               (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y, unsigned int * Z); /*(Y+Z)\(Y*Z)*/
+    void    Set_Complement                (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y);                   /* X = ~Y    */
+    
+    /* ===> set functions: */
+    boolean        Set_subset             (unsigned int * X, unsigned int * Y);     /* X in Y ?  */
+    unsigned int   Set_Norm               (unsigned int * addr);                    /* = | X |   */
+    unsigned int   Set_Norm2              (unsigned int * addr);                    /* = | X |   */
+    unsigned int   Set_Norm3              (unsigned int * addr);                    /* = | X |   */
+    signed long    Set_Min                (unsigned int * addr);                    /* = min(X)  */
+    signed long    Set_Max                (unsigned int * addr);                    /* = max(X)  */
+    
+    /* ===> matrix-of-booleans operations: */
+    void    Matrix_Multiplication         (unsigned int * X, unsigned int rowsX, unsigned int colsX,
+					   unsigned int * Y, unsigned int rowsY, unsigned int colsY,
+					   unsigned int * Z, unsigned int rowsZ, unsigned int colsZ);
+    void    Matrix_Product                (unsigned int * X, unsigned int rowsX, unsigned int colsX,
+					   unsigned int * Y, unsigned int rowsY, unsigned int colsY,
+					   unsigned int * Z, unsigned int rowsZ, unsigned int colsZ);
+    void    Matrix_Closure                (unsigned int * addr, unsigned int rows, unsigned int cols);
+    void    Matrix_Transpose              (unsigned int * X, unsigned int rowsX, unsigned int colsX,
+					   unsigned int * Y, unsigned int rowsY, unsigned int colsY);
+    
+    /*****************************************************************************/
+    /*  MODULE RESOURCES:                                                        */
+    /*****************************************************************************/
+#define bits_(BitVector) *(BitVector-3)
+#define size_(BitVector) *(BitVector-2)
+#define mask_(BitVector) *(BitVector-1)
+    
+#define  ERRCODE_TYPE  "sizeof(word) > sizeof(size_t)"
+#define  ERRCODE_BITS  "bits(word) != sizeof(word)*8"
+#define  ERRCODE_WORD  "bits(word) < 16"
+#define  ERRCODE_LONG  "bits(word) > bits(long)"
+#define  ERRCODE_POWR  "bits(word) != 2^x"
+#define  ERRCODE_LOGA  "bits(word) != 2^ld(bits(word))"
+#define  ERRCODE_NULL  "unable to allocate memory"
+#define  ERRCODE_INDX  "index out of range"
+#define  ERRCODE_ORDR  "minimum > maximum index"
+#define  ERRCODE_SIZE  "bit vector size mismatch"
+#define  ERRCODE_PARS  "input string syntax error"
+#define  ERRCODE_OVFL  "numeric overflow error"
+#define  ERRCODE_SAME  "result vector(s) must be distinct"
+#define  ERRCODE_EXPO  "exponent must be positive"
+#define  ERRCODE_ZERO  "division by zero error"
+#define  ERRCODE_OOPS  "unexpected internal error - please contact author"
+        
+    const unsigned int BitVector_BYTENORM[256] = {
+      0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x02,  0x01, 0x02, 0x02, 0x03,
+      0x01, 0x02, 0x02, 0x03,  0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x04, /* 0x00 */
+      0x01, 0x02, 0x02, 0x03,  0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x04,
+      0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x04,  0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05, /* 0x10 */
+      0x01, 0x02, 0x02, 0x03,  0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x04,
+      0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x04,  0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05, /* 0x20 */
+      0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x04,  0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,
+      0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,  0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06, /* 0x30 */
+      0x01, 0x02, 0x02, 0x03,  0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x04,
+      0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x04,  0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05, /* 0x40 */
+      0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x04,  0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,
+      0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,  0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06, /* 0x50 */
+      0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x04,  0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,
+      0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,  0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06, /* 0x60 */
+      0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,  0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06,
+      0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06,  0x05, 0x06, 0x06, 0x07, /* 0x70 */
+      0x01, 0x02, 0x02, 0x03,  0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x04,
+      0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x04,  0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05, /* 0x80 */
+      0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x04,  0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,
+      0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,  0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06, /* 0x90 */
+      0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x04,  0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,
+      0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,  0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06, /* 0xA0 */
+      0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,  0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06,
+      0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06,  0x05, 0x06, 0x06, 0x07, /* 0xB0 */
+      0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x04,  0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,
+      0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,  0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06, /* 0xC0 */
+      0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,  0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06,
+      0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06,  0x05, 0x06, 0x06, 0x07, /* 0xD0 */
+      0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,  0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06,
+      0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06,  0x05, 0x06, 0x06, 0x07, /* 0xE0 */
+      0x04, 0x05, 0x05, 0x06,  0x05, 0x06, 0x06, 0x07,
+      0x05, 0x06, 0x06, 0x07,  0x06, 0x07, 0x07, 0x08  /* 0xF0 */
+    };
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+  };
+#endif
+}; //end of namespace CONSTANTBV
+#endif
+