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| -rw-r--r-- | src/haasdaiga/pos/noun.md | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | src/haasdaiga/pos/pronoun.md | 68 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | src/haasdaiga/pos/verb.md | 2 |
3 files changed, 71 insertions, 3 deletions
diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/pos/noun.md b/src/haasdaiga/pos/noun.md index c517d21..d5dec04 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/pos/noun.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/pos/noun.md @@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ TODO: add examples Genitive case is used to express possession or relation. -> this-nom.sg be.ind.prs.hab book-nom.wo.sg I-gen.ea.sg +> this-nom.sg be.ind.prs.cnt book-nom.wo.sg I-gen.ea.sg > *This is my book.* > -> this-nom.wo.sg book-nom.wo.sg be.ind.prs.hab I-gen.ea.sg +> this-nom.wo.sg book-nom.wo.sg be.ind.prs.cnt I-gen.ea.sg > *This book is mine.* *Relations* also include relations constructed by postposition. diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/pos/pronoun.md b/src/haasdaiga/pos/pronoun.md index 3cab45a..d714bb6 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/pos/pronoun.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/pos/pronoun.md @@ -1,4 +1,70 @@ # Pronoun -Pronouns usually have nominal morphology, though not strictly. +Pronouns are nominal anaphora, that is, short words that are used to refer to a +noun or a noun phrase. Pronouns usually have nominal morphology, though not +strictly. Pronoun is a closed class. +## Personal pronouns + +There are 15 personal pronouns in total. Dual pronouns and 1st person +inclusive pronouns are in fact formed by compounding others. + +| person | singular | dual | several | plural | +|--------|----------|----------|---------|----------| +| 1st | fènsy | fènvynsỳ | jaächsỳ | rèëchsý | +| 1st (inclusive) | | fèndynsỳ | jaächdynsỳ | rèëchdynsý | +| 2nd | tènsy | tèndynsỳ | néëcsỳ | ngeënsý | +| 3rd | lúcsy | lúccynsỳ | bóönsỳ | waanjsý | + +### Reflexive + +Reflexive pronouns occur as clitic. They are formed by removing the gender +vowel and number tone from corresponding personal pronoun. + +> I-nom.wo.sg I-acc-look-ind.pst.cnt mirror-dat.mt.sg +> *I was looking at myself in the mirror.* + +It also works for indirect object: + +> he-nom.wo.sg he-dat-buy-ind.fut.prf birthday-gift-acc.ea.sg +> *He'll just buy himself a birthday gift.* + +There is a difference between reflexive and reciprocal for plural pronouns. + +> you-nom.dual you-acc.sg-love-ind.prs.cnt +> *You love yourselves* +> +> you-nom.dual you-acc.dual-love-ind.prs.cnt +> *You love each other.* + +Note: there is also a idiomatic use of reflexive pronouns: + +> I-nom.wa.sg I-gen-be.ind.pres.cnt +> *I am alone.* +> +> car-acc.mt.sg I-nom.wa.sg I-gen-repair.ind.pst.prf +> *I fixed the car myself.* + +## Indefinite pronouns + +Indefinite pronouns are best organized in a table: + +| | | query | proximal | distal | indefinite | collective | relative | +|---------|-|-------|----------|--------|------------|------------|----------| +| | | -an- | -em- | -es- | -im- | -om- | -y- | +| time | t- | tan- | tem- | tes- | tim- | tom- | ty- | +| place| f- | fan- | fem- | fes- | fim- | fom- | fy- | +| manner| z-| zan- | zem- | zes- | zim- | zom- | zy- | +| possessive | k- | kan- | kem-| kes- | kim- | kom- | ky- | +| what, who | s- | san- | sem- | ses- | sim- | som- | sy- | +| which | l-| lan- | lem- | les- | lim- | lom- | ly- | +| demonstrative | r-| ran-| rem- | res- | rim- | rom- | ry- | + +TODO: Add explanation + +Relative pronouns occur as clitics, in the same manner reflexive pronouns do. + +> I-nom-fi-sg know-ind.prs.cnt woman-acc-wa.sg rel-help-ind.pst.prf you-acc-wa-sg +> *I know the woman who helped you.* + +Other pronouns are used in similar way to personal pronouns. diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/pos/verb.md b/src/haasdaiga/pos/verb.md index cc3eecb..b8a456b 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/pos/verb.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/pos/verb.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ # Verb + +## Tense |