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diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/intro.md b/src/haasdaiga/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..22e5c57 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/haasdaiga/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# Introduction + +## In-world background + +Hàäsdáïga is a dead language spoken by ancient people in Gaëdaäna. +In the day, there was only one language in the continent, shared by people from +five peoples: *Wood* farmers, *Fire* hunters, *Earth* monks, *Metal* smiths and +*Water* seafarers. They embraced the philosophy and that reflected in their +languages. They not only used the language to communicate, but also to define +a method with which they could control these five natural forces. + +Later, as these peoples mixed up, their ability to harness these five natural +forces strengthened for some and weakened for the others. Most notably, the +*Metal* and *Water* people lost almost all of this power, and only a minority +could still use it. Science and trade thus became their main strength. On the +other hand, *Fire* and *Wood* people could control it so well, they no longer +needed the language to guide their power. *Earth* monks were the most pure +with this power, but chose to distance themselves from others' affairs. +Naturally, the language was divided into five different languages (and two +pidgins) and the old way of using natural force was forgotten. + +Incidentally, *Arrow*, the son of *Blade* and *Pearl*[^1], re-invented the way. +Born as a child of a Metal mage warrior and a magicless aristocrat in a +science-oriented society, he learned to use one heritage to support the other. +He tried to reconstruct the ancient language and defined a way to use it to combine +his magic ability. Independently, *Iceberg*[^1] also discovered it by reading +old text he was lucky to find + +We are interested in the linguistic features of this language as well as its magical +structure. In this book we discuss both of them. + +[^1]: These names are temporary, but they carry the meaning of their future names. diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/phonology.md b/src/haasdaiga/phonology.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9554667 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/haasdaiga/phonology.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +# Phonology + +<!-- toc --> + +## Consonants + +Main consonants are listed in the table below: + +| | labial | alveolar | palatal | uvular | glottal | +|---------------|--------|----------|---------|-----------|---------| +| **nasal** | m | n | ɲ (*nj*) | ŋ (*n*, *ng*) | | +| **plosive** | p b | t d | | k (*c*) ɡ (*g*) | ʔ | +| **fricative** | f v | s z | | x (*ch*) ɣ (*gh*) | h | +| **sonorant** | w | ɹ (*r*) l | j | | | + +Notes: + +- *n* is pronounced as /ŋ/ only if it is followed by another consonant +- The glottal stop /ʔ/ is not written. It's implied when a syllable does not + have other consonants (similar to Vietnamese). +- *nj* is pronounced as /ɲ/ even when the two letters are from different words. + The sames go for other digraphs (ng, ch, gh) +- Some dialects may pronounce *s*, *z* as + +## Vowels + +| | front | centre | back | +|-------|-------|--------|------| +| open | i | | u | +| mid | e | ə (*y*)| o | +| close | a | | | + +### Diphthongs and long vowels + +Long vowels are written as duplicated vowels, with the second character having +a diaresis (for example *aä* is pronounced /aː/). For vowels whose +romanizations contain two characters, the later vowel is duplicated (for +example, long version of *aë* is *aëë*) + +Diphthongs are written similarly. They're listed below: + +- aï /aɪ/ +- aü /aʊ/ +- eï /eɪ/ +- oï /oɪ/ +- uï /uɪ/ + +## Tones + +There are three tones in Hàäsdáïga: + +- level tone (a) /˧˧/ +- rising tone (á) /˧˥/ +- falling tone (à) /˥˩/ + +## Phonotactics + +Syllables in Hàäsdáïga have a simple structure: **CVT(C)** + +The final consonants can't be sonorants, /h/, /ʔ/, and voiced vowels if they +have voiceless equivalents. Other than that, there isn't any constraints. + +There are thus: + +\\( 22 × (10 × 2 + 6 ) × 3 × 11 = 18876 \\) (possible syllables) + +Note: These numbers mean: + +- 22 consonants +- 10 vowels and their long version +- 6 diphthongs +- 3 tones +- 10 final consonants |