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| -rw-r--r-- | src/grammar/phonology.md | 96 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | src/grammar/syntax.md | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | src/introduction.md | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | src/lexicon/index.md | 1 |
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diff --git a/src/SUMMARY.md b/src/SUMMARY.md index c457c41..784652b 100644 --- a/src/SUMMARY.md +++ b/src/SUMMARY.md @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ # Summary -- [Phonology](./phonology.md) -- [Syntax](./syntax.md) -- [Lexicon](./lexicon.md) +- [Introduction](./introduction.md) +- [Phonology](./grammar/phonology.md) +- [Syntax](./grammar/syntax.md) +- [Lexicon](./lexicon/index.md) diff --git a/src/grammar/phonology.md b/src/grammar/phonology.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bbf3626 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/grammar/phonology.md @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +# Phonology + +Isanercent shares the same set of phonemes of German. Below is a description +based on Wikipedia article. + +## Consonants + +| | labial | alveolar | post-alveolar | palatal | velar/uvular | glottal | +|--|--------|----------|---------------|---------|--------------|---------| +| nasal | m | n | | | ŋ | | +| plosive | p b | t d | | | k g | | +| affricate | pf | ts | tʃ dʒ | | | | +| fricative | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | ç j | x | h | +| liquid | | l | | | | | + +## Vowels + +| | front (u) | front (r) | central | back | +|--|-----------------|---------------|---------|------| +| close | ɪ iː | ʏ yː | | ʊ uː | +| close-mid | eː | øː | (ə) | oː | +| open-mid | ɛ (ɛː) | œ | (ɐ) | ɔ | +| open | | | a | | + +- /ə/ is often realized as mid central unrounded [ə] and close-mid central + unrounded [ɘ]. It occurs only in unstressed syllables, for instance in + Isanercent [ˈɪzaˌnɛɐtsən]. If a sonorant follows in the syllable coda, the + schwa often disappears so that the sonorant becomes syllabic, for instance + [ˈɪzaˌnɛɐtsn̩] +- /ɐ/ is a common allophone of the sequence /ər/ + +## Diphthongs + +### Phonemic + +| Ending point → | front | back | +|----------------|-------|------| +| open-mid | ɔʏ̯ | | +| open | aɪ̯ | aʊ̯ | + +### Phonetic + +In the varieties where speakers vocalize /r/ to [ɐ] in the syllable coda, a +diphthong ending in [ɐ̯] may be formed with every stressable vowel. + +## Romanization + +While we can directly borrow German's orthography, seeing that we can improve +its intuitivity, it is modified a little. + +### Consonants + +- b: at end of syllable: [p]; otherwise: [b] +- c: [ts] +- ch: after a, o, and u: [x]; after other vowels or consonants or initially: + [ç] or [k]. +- ck: [k], follows short vowels +- d: at end of syllable: [t]; otherwise: [d] or [d̥] +- dz: [dʒ] +- dt: [t] +- f: [f] +- g: when part of word-final -ig: [ç] or [k] (Southern German); at the end of a + syllable: [k]; otherwise: [ɡ] or [ɡ̊] +- h: [h] +- k: [k] +- l: [l] +- m: [m] +- n: [n] +- ng: usually: [ŋ]; in compound words where the first element ends in "n" and + the second element begins with "g" (-n·g-): [nɡ] or [nɡ̊] +- nk: [ŋk] +- p: [p] +- pf: [pf] in all cases with some speakers +- qu: [kv] or [kw] (in a few regions) +- r: [ʁ] before vowels, [ɐ] otherwise; or +- s: before and between vowels: [z] or [z̥]; before consonants or when final: [s]; + before p or t at the beginning of a word or syllable: [ʃ] +- sch: [ʃ]; however +- ss: [s] +- t: [t] +- tsch: [tʃ] +- ts: [ts], follows short vowels +- tzsch: [tʃ] +- v: [v]; word-ending: [f] +- w: [v] +- z: [ʒ] +- zsch: [tʃ] + +### Vowels + +| | front (u) | front (r) | central | back | +|------|--------------|-------------|---------|------| +| close | ɪ (ǐ) i (i) | ʏ (y) y (ü) | | ʊ (ǔ) u (u) | +| close-mid | e (e) | ø (ö) | ə (e) | o (o) | +| open-mid | ɛ (ä) | œ (œ) | ɐ (r) | ɔ (ǒ) | +| open | | | a (a) | | diff --git a/src/grammar/syntax.md b/src/grammar/syntax.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..10d2469 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/grammar/syntax.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# Syntax diff --git a/src/introduction.md b/src/introduction.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f78a8c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/introduction.md @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +# Introduction + +Isanercent is a relex based on German with only a few grammatical, +orthographical, and phonology changes. + +In-world wise, Isanercent is spoken by people in Isanerc. diff --git a/src/lexicon/index.md b/src/lexicon/index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..80d86bd --- /dev/null +++ b/src/lexicon/index.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# Lexicon |