Elaborate stress rules

1 files changed, 22 insertions, 3 deletions

diff --git a/src/phonology/phonemes.md b/src/phonology/phonemes.md
index 67caf2b..894dbb0 100644
--- a/src/phonology/phonemes.md
+++ b/src/phonology/phonemes.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 |-----------|--------|----------|---------|-------|---------|
 | nasal     | m      | n        | ɲ       | ŋ     |         |
 | plosive   | p b    | t d      | c       | k g   | ʔ       |
-| fricative | f v    | s z      | ç j     | x     | h       |
+| fricative | f v    | s z      | (ç) j   | x     | h       |
 | liquid    |        | l r      |         |       |         |
 
 Ravna consists of 22 standard consonants.
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ Ravna consists of 22 standard consonants.
 - /t/, /d/, and /c/ are aspirated [tʰ], [dʰ], [cʰ] in Ravin dialect, but
   unaspirated elsewhere
 - /x/ can be realized as [χ] in some dialects
-- /ç/ can be realized as [ʂ] in some rare dialects or by non-native speakers
+- [ç] is realization of /h/ at coda, which can be realized as [ʂ] in some rare
+  dialects or by non-native speakers
 - /s/ and /z/ is realized as [ʂ] and [ʐ] in Ravin dialect, but not others
 - Some dialects don't have phoneme /ʔ/
 - In modern Ravna dialect that Ravin people speak, /l/ and /r/ are merged to [ɺ]
@@ -32,7 +33,13 @@ Ravna consists of 9 vowels.
 
 - /ə/ occurs as unstressed /e/
 - /ɨ/ occurs as unstressed /i/, which disappears when possible
-- /a/ and /o/ have umlauts /ɛ/ and /u/ respectively
+- /a/ and /o/ have umlauts /ɛ/ and /u/ respectively.
+
+## Umlaut
+
+Umlauts are the vowels that are modified when forming inflected forms.  These
+vowels are the stressed vowels of the main root, which is usually the last
+root.
 
 ## Stress
 
@@ -49,3 +56,15 @@ If the word has more than 3 syllables:
 - The primary stress is on the first syllable.
 - The secondary stress is on the third syllable.
 - The high pitches are on the stresses, and low pitches are on other syllable.
+
+These rules don't apply for prefixes---prefixes are never stressed.  For
+prefixed words, stress rules apply starting from the main stem.
+
+Another exception in compound:
+
+- Compound with colliding vowels have the syllable with colliding vowels as
+    primary stress, and the first syllable being secondary stress if there are
+    more than two syllables.
+- Compound with more than four syllables has the first syllable of the first
+    root as primary stress and the first syllable of the second root as
+    secondary stress.