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| -rw-r--r-- | src/phonology/phonemes.md | 25 |
1 files changed, 22 insertions, 3 deletions
diff --git a/src/phonology/phonemes.md b/src/phonology/phonemes.md index 67caf2b..894dbb0 100644 --- a/src/phonology/phonemes.md +++ b/src/phonology/phonemes.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ |-----------|--------|----------|---------|-------|---------| | nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | | | plosive | p b | t d | c | k g | ʔ | -| fricative | f v | s z | ç j | x | h | +| fricative | f v | s z | (ç) j | x | h | | liquid | | l r | | | | Ravna consists of 22 standard consonants. @@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ Ravna consists of 22 standard consonants. - /t/, /d/, and /c/ are aspirated [tʰ], [dʰ], [cʰ] in Ravin dialect, but unaspirated elsewhere - /x/ can be realized as [χ] in some dialects -- /ç/ can be realized as [ʂ] in some rare dialects or by non-native speakers +- [ç] is realization of /h/ at coda, which can be realized as [ʂ] in some rare + dialects or by non-native speakers - /s/ and /z/ is realized as [ʂ] and [ʐ] in Ravin dialect, but not others - Some dialects don't have phoneme /ʔ/ - In modern Ravna dialect that Ravin people speak, /l/ and /r/ are merged to [ɺ] @@ -32,7 +33,13 @@ Ravna consists of 9 vowels. - /ə/ occurs as unstressed /e/ - /ɨ/ occurs as unstressed /i/, which disappears when possible -- /a/ and /o/ have umlauts /ɛ/ and /u/ respectively +- /a/ and /o/ have umlauts /ɛ/ and /u/ respectively. + +## Umlaut + +Umlauts are the vowels that are modified when forming inflected forms. These +vowels are the stressed vowels of the main root, which is usually the last +root. ## Stress @@ -49,3 +56,15 @@ If the word has more than 3 syllables: - The primary stress is on the first syllable. - The secondary stress is on the third syllable. - The high pitches are on the stresses, and low pitches are on other syllable. + +These rules don't apply for prefixes---prefixes are never stressed. For +prefixed words, stress rules apply starting from the main stem. + +Another exception in compound: + +- Compound with colliding vowels have the syllable with colliding vowels as + primary stress, and the first syllable being secondary stress if there are + more than two syllables. +- Compound with more than four syllables has the first syllable of the first + root as primary stress and the first syllable of the second root as + secondary stress. |