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diff --git a/src/phonology/phonemes.md b/src/phonology/phonemes.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..67caf2b --- /dev/null +++ b/src/phonology/phonemes.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +# Phonemes + +## Consonants + +| | labial | alveolar | palatal | velar | glottal | +|-----------|--------|----------|---------|-------|---------| +| nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | | +| plosive | p b | t d | c | k g | ʔ | +| fricative | f v | s z | ç j | x | h | +| liquid | | l r | | | | + +Ravna consists of 22 standard consonants. + +- /t/, /d/, and /c/ are aspirated [tʰ], [dʰ], [cʰ] in Ravin dialect, but + unaspirated elsewhere +- /x/ can be realized as [χ] in some dialects +- /ç/ can be realized as [ʂ] in some rare dialects or by non-native speakers +- /s/ and /z/ is realized as [ʂ] and [ʐ] in Ravin dialect, but not others +- Some dialects don't have phoneme /ʔ/ +- In modern Ravna dialect that Ravin people speak, /l/ and /r/ are merged to [ɺ] +- /r/ can be either approximant [ɹ], tap [ɾ], or trill [r] in other dialects + +## Vowels + +| | front | central | back | +|--------|-------|---------|------| +| open | i | (ɨ) | u | +| mid | e ɛ | (ə) | o | +| closed | a | | ɔ | + +Ravna consists of 9 vowels. + +- /ə/ occurs as unstressed /e/ +- /ɨ/ occurs as unstressed /i/, which disappears when possible +- /a/ and /o/ have umlauts /ɛ/ and /u/ respectively + +## Stress + +Ravna is a stress-accent language with clear pitch accent patterns. + +If the word has 3 syllables or less: + +- The primary stress is on the first syllable. +- The low pitch is on the first syllable and the high pitch is on the last + syllable. All other syllables have low pitches. + +If the word has more than 3 syllables: + +- The primary stress is on the first syllable. +- The secondary stress is on the third syllable. +- The high pitches are on the stresses, and low pitches are on other syllable. |