Merge branch 'dev' of https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus into dev

1 files changed, 2062 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/afl-cc.c b/src/afl-cc.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e13f285d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/afl-cc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2062 @@
+/*
+   american fuzzy lop++ - compiler instrumentation wrapper
+   -------------------------------------------------------
+
+   Written by Michal Zalewski, Laszlo Szekeres and Marc Heuse
+
+   Copyright 2015, 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+   Copyright 2019-2020 AFLplusplus Project. All rights reserved.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+
+     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ */
+
+#define AFL_MAIN
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "types.h"
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "alloc-inl.h"
+#include "llvm-alternative-coverage.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <strings.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#if (LLVM_MAJOR - 0 == 0)
+  #undef LLVM_MAJOR
+#endif
+#if !defined(LLVM_MAJOR)
+  #define LLVM_MAJOR 0
+#endif
+#if (LLVM_MINOR - 0 == 0)
+  #undef LLVM_MINOR
+#endif
+#if !defined(LLVM_MINOR)
+  #define LLVM_MINOR 0
+#endif
+
+static u8 * obj_path;                  /* Path to runtime libraries         */
+static u8 **cc_params;                 /* Parameters passed to the real CC  */
+static u32  cc_par_cnt = 1;            /* Param count, including argv0      */
+static u8   clang_mode;                /* Invoked as afl-clang*?            */
+static u8   llvm_fullpath[PATH_MAX];
+static u8   instrument_mode, instrument_opt_mode, ngram_size, ctx_k, lto_mode;
+static u8   compiler_mode, plusplus_mode, have_instr_env = 0;
+static u8   have_gcc, have_llvm, have_gcc_plugin, have_lto, have_instr_list = 0;
+static u8 * lto_flag = AFL_CLANG_FLTO, *argvnull;
+static u8   debug;
+static u8   cwd[4096];
+static u8   cmplog_mode;
+u8          use_stdin;                                             /* dummy */
+// static u8 *march_opt = CFLAGS_OPT;
+
+enum {
+
+  INSTRUMENT_DEFAULT = 0,
+  INSTRUMENT_CLASSIC = 1,
+  INSTRUMENT_AFL = 1,
+  INSTRUMENT_PCGUARD = 2,
+  INSTRUMENT_INSTRIM = 3,
+  INSTRUMENT_CFG = 3,
+  INSTRUMENT_LTO = 4,
+  INSTRUMENT_LLVMNATIVE = 5,
+  INSTRUMENT_GCC = 6,
+  INSTRUMENT_CLANG = 7,
+  INSTRUMENT_OPT_CTX = 8,
+  INSTRUMENT_OPT_NGRAM = 16,
+  INSTRUMENT_OPT_CALLER = 32,
+  INSTRUMENT_OPT_CTX_K = 64,
+
+};
+
+char instrument_mode_string[18][18] = {
+
+    "DEFAULT",
+    "CLASSIC",
+    "PCGUARD",
+    "CFG",
+    "LTO",
+    "PCGUARD-NATIVE",
+    "GCC",
+    "CLANG",
+    "CTX",
+    "CALLER",
+    "",
+    "",
+    "",
+    "",
+    "",
+    "",
+    "NGRAM",
+    ""
+
+};
+
+enum {
+
+  UNSET = 0,
+  LTO = 1,
+  LLVM = 2,
+  GCC_PLUGIN = 3,
+  GCC = 4,
+  CLANG = 5
+
+};
+
+char compiler_mode_string[7][12] = {
+
+    "AUTOSELECT", "LLVM-LTO", "LLVM", "GCC_PLUGIN",
+    "GCC",        "CLANG",    ""
+
+};
+
+u8 *getthecwd() {
+
+  if (getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) == NULL) {
+
+    static u8 fail[] = "";
+    return fail;
+
+  }
+
+  return cwd;
+
+}
+
+/* Try to find a specific runtime we need, returns NULL on fail. */
+
+/*
+  in find_object() we look here:
+
+  1. if obj_path is already set we look there first
+  2. then we check the $AFL_PATH environment variable location if set
+  3. next we check argv[0] if it has path information and use it
+    a) we also check ../lib/afl
+  4. if 3. failed we check /proc (only Linux, Android, NetBSD, DragonFly, and
+     FreeBSD with procfs)
+    a) and check here in ../lib/afl too
+  5. we look into the AFL_PATH define (usually /usr/local/lib/afl)
+  6. we finally try the current directory
+
+  if all these attempts fail - we return NULL and the caller has to decide
+  what to do.
+*/
+
+static u8 *find_object(u8 *obj, u8 *argv0) {
+
+  u8 *afl_path = getenv("AFL_PATH");
+  u8 *slash = NULL, *tmp;
+
+  if (afl_path) {
+
+    tmp = alloc_printf("%s/%s", afl_path, obj);
+
+    if (debug) DEBUGF("Trying %s\n", tmp);
+
+    if (!access(tmp, R_OK)) {
+
+      obj_path = afl_path;
+      return tmp;
+
+    }
+
+    ck_free(tmp);
+
+  }
+
+  if (argv0) {
+
+    slash = strrchr(argv0, '/');
+
+    if (slash) {
+
+      u8 *dir = ck_strdup(argv0);
+
+      slash = strrchr(dir, '/');
+      *slash = 0;
+
+      tmp = alloc_printf("%s/%s", dir, obj);
+
+      if (debug) DEBUGF("Trying %s\n", tmp);
+
+      if (!access(tmp, R_OK)) {
+
+        obj_path = dir;
+        return tmp;
+
+      }
+
+      ck_free(tmp);
+      tmp = alloc_printf("%s/../lib/afl/%s", dir, obj);
+
+      if (debug) DEBUGF("Trying %s\n", tmp);
+
+      if (!access(tmp, R_OK)) {
+
+        u8 *dir2 = alloc_printf("%s/../lib/afl", dir);
+        obj_path = dir2;
+        ck_free(dir);
+        return tmp;
+
+      }
+
+      ck_free(tmp);
+      ck_free(dir);
+
+    }
+
+#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__) || defined(__linux__) || \
+    defined(__ANDROID__) || defined(__NetBSD__)
+  #define HAS_PROC_FS 1
+#endif
+#ifdef HAS_PROC_FS
+    else {
+
+      char *procname = NULL;
+  #if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
+      procname = "/proc/curproc/file";
+  #elif defined(__linux__) || defined(__ANDROID__)
+      procname = "/proc/self/exe";
+  #elif defined(__NetBSD__)
+      procname = "/proc/curproc/exe";
+  #endif
+      if (procname) {
+
+        char    exepath[PATH_MAX];
+        ssize_t exepath_len = readlink(procname, exepath, sizeof(exepath));
+        if (exepath_len > 0 && exepath_len < PATH_MAX) {
+
+          exepath[exepath_len] = 0;
+          slash = strrchr(exepath, '/');
+
+          if (slash) {
+
+            *slash = 0;
+            tmp = alloc_printf("%s/%s", exepath, obj);
+
+            if (!access(tmp, R_OK)) {
+
+              u8 *dir = alloc_printf("%s", exepath);
+              obj_path = dir;
+              return tmp;
+
+            }
+
+            ck_free(tmp);
+            tmp = alloc_printf("%s/../lib/afl/%s", exepath, obj);
+
+            if (debug) DEBUGF("Trying %s\n", tmp);
+
+            if (!access(tmp, R_OK)) {
+
+              u8 *dir = alloc_printf("%s/../lib/afl/", exepath);
+              obj_path = dir;
+              return tmp;
+
+            }
+
+          }
+
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+
+#endif
+#undef HAS_PROC_FS
+
+  }
+
+  tmp = alloc_printf("%s/%s", AFL_PATH, obj);
+
+  if (debug) DEBUGF("Trying %s\n", tmp);
+
+  if (!access(tmp, R_OK)) {
+
+    obj_path = AFL_PATH;
+    return tmp;
+
+  }
+
+  ck_free(tmp);
+
+  tmp = alloc_printf("./%s", obj);
+
+  if (debug) DEBUGF("Trying %s\n", tmp);
+
+  if (!access(tmp, R_OK)) {
+
+    obj_path = ".";
+    return tmp;
+
+  }
+
+  ck_free(tmp);
+
+  if (debug) DEBUGF("Trying ... giving up\n");
+
+  return NULL;
+
+}
+
+/* Copy argv to cc_params, making the necessary edits. */
+
+static void edit_params(u32 argc, char **argv, char **envp) {
+
+  u8 fortify_set = 0, asan_set = 0, x_set = 0, bit_mode = 0, shared_linking = 0,
+     preprocessor_only = 0, have_unroll = 0, have_o = 0, have_pic = 0,
+     have_c = 0;
+
+  cc_params = ck_alloc((argc + 128) * sizeof(u8 *));
+
+  if (lto_mode) {
+
+    if (lto_flag[0] != '-')
+      FATAL(
+          "Using afl-clang-lto is not possible because Makefile magic did not "
+          "identify the correct -flto flag");
+    else
+      compiler_mode = LTO;
+
+  }
+
+  if (plusplus_mode) {
+
+    u8 *alt_cxx = getenv("AFL_CXX");
+
+    if (!alt_cxx) {
+
+      if (compiler_mode >= GCC_PLUGIN) {
+
+        if (compiler_mode == GCC) {
+
+          alt_cxx = clang_mode ? "clang++" : "g++";
+
+        } else if (compiler_mode == CLANG) {
+
+          alt_cxx = "clang++";
+
+        } else {
+
+          alt_cxx = "g++";
+
+        }
+
+      } else {
+
+        if (USE_BINDIR)
+          snprintf(llvm_fullpath, sizeof(llvm_fullpath), "%s/clang++",
+                   LLVM_BINDIR);
+        else
+          snprintf(llvm_fullpath, sizeof(llvm_fullpath), CLANGPP_BIN);
+        alt_cxx = llvm_fullpath;
+
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    cc_params[0] = alt_cxx;
+
+  } else {
+
+    u8 *alt_cc = getenv("AFL_CC");
+
+    if (!alt_cc) {
+
+      if (compiler_mode >= GCC_PLUGIN) {
+
+        if (compiler_mode == GCC) {
+
+          alt_cc = clang_mode ? "clang" : "gcc";
+
+        } else if (compiler_mode == CLANG) {
+
+          alt_cc = "clang";
+
+        } else {
+
+          alt_cc = "gcc";
+
+        }
+
+      } else {
+
+        if (USE_BINDIR)
+          snprintf(llvm_fullpath, sizeof(llvm_fullpath), "%s/clang",
+                   LLVM_BINDIR);
+        else
+          snprintf(llvm_fullpath, sizeof(llvm_fullpath), CLANGPP_BIN);
+        alt_cc = llvm_fullpath;
+
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    cc_params[0] = alt_cc;
+
+  }
+
+  if (compiler_mode == GCC || compiler_mode == CLANG) {
+
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-B";
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = obj_path;
+
+    if (clang_mode || compiler_mode == CLANG) {
+
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-no-integrated-as";
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  if (compiler_mode == GCC_PLUGIN) {
+
+    char *fplugin_arg = alloc_printf("-fplugin=%s/afl-gcc-pass.so", obj_path);
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = fplugin_arg;
+
+  }
+
+  if (compiler_mode == LLVM || compiler_mode == LTO) {
+
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Wno-unused-command-line-argument";
+
+    if (lto_mode && plusplus_mode)
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-lc++";  // needed by fuzzbench, early
+
+    if (lto_mode && have_instr_env) {
+
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-load";
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+          alloc_printf("%s/afl-llvm-lto-instrumentlist.so", obj_path);
+
+    }
+
+    if (getenv("AFL_LLVM_DICT2FILE")) {
+
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-load";
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+          alloc_printf("%s/afl-llvm-dict2file.so", obj_path);
+
+    }
+
+    // laf
+    if (getenv("LAF_SPLIT_SWITCHES") || getenv("AFL_LLVM_LAF_SPLIT_SWITCHES")) {
+
+      if (lto_mode && !have_c) {
+
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = alloc_printf(
+            "-Wl,-mllvm=-load=%s/split-switches-pass.so", obj_path);
+
+      } else {
+
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-load";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+            alloc_printf("%s/split-switches-pass.so", obj_path);
+
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    if (getenv("LAF_TRANSFORM_COMPARES") ||
+        getenv("AFL_LLVM_LAF_TRANSFORM_COMPARES")) {
+
+      if (lto_mode && !have_c) {
+
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = alloc_printf(
+            "-Wl,-mllvm=-load=%s/compare-transform-pass.so", obj_path);
+
+      } else {
+
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-load";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+            alloc_printf("%s/compare-transform-pass.so", obj_path);
+
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    if (getenv("LAF_SPLIT_COMPARES") || getenv("AFL_LLVM_LAF_SPLIT_COMPARES") ||
+        getenv("AFL_LLVM_LAF_SPLIT_FLOATS")) {
+
+      if (lto_mode && !have_c) {
+
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = alloc_printf(
+            "-Wl,-mllvm=-load=%s/split-compares-pass.so", obj_path);
+
+      } else {
+
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-load";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+            alloc_printf("%s/split-compares-pass.so", obj_path);
+
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    // /laf
+
+    unsetenv("AFL_LD");
+    unsetenv("AFL_LD_CALLER");
+    if (cmplog_mode) {
+
+      if (lto_mode && !have_c) {
+
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = alloc_printf(
+            "-Wl,-mllvm=-load=%s/cmplog-routines-pass.so", obj_path);
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = alloc_printf(
+            "-Wl,-mllvm=-load=%s/cmplog-instructions-pass.so", obj_path);
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = alloc_printf(
+            "-Wl,-mllvm=-load=%s/split-switches-pass.so", obj_path);
+
+      } else {
+
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-load";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+            alloc_printf("%s/cmplog-routines-pass.so", obj_path);
+
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-load";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+            alloc_printf("%s/cmplog-instructions-pass.so", obj_path);
+
+        // reuse split switches from laf
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-load";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+            alloc_printf("%s/split-switches-pass.so", obj_path);
+
+      }
+
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fno-inline";
+
+    }
+
+#if LLVM_MAJOR >= 13
+    // fuck you llvm 13
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fno-experimental-new-pass-manager";
+#endif
+
+    if (lto_mode && !have_c) {
+
+      u8 *ld_path = strdup(AFL_REAL_LD);
+      if (!*ld_path) ld_path = "ld.lld";
+#if defined(AFL_CLANG_LDPATH) && LLVM_MAJOR >= 12
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = alloc_printf("--ld-path=%s", ld_path);
+#else
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = alloc_printf("-fuse-ld=%s", ld_path);
+#endif
+
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Wl,--allow-multiple-definition";
+
+      if (instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_CFG ||
+          instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_PCGUARD)
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = alloc_printf(
+            "-Wl,-mllvm=-load=%s/SanitizerCoverageLTO.so", obj_path);
+      else
+
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = alloc_printf(
+            "-Wl,-mllvm=-load=%s/afl-llvm-lto-instrumentation.so", obj_path);
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = lto_flag;
+
+    } else {
+
+      if (instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_PCGUARD) {
+
+#if LLVM_MAJOR > 10 || (LLVM_MAJOR == 10 && LLVM_MINOR > 0)
+  #ifdef __ANDROID__
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fsanitize-coverage=trace-pc-guard";
+  #else
+        if (have_instr_list) {
+
+          if (!be_quiet)
+            SAYF(
+                "Using unoptimized trace-pc-guard, due usage of "
+                "-fsanitize-coverage-allow/denylist, you can use "
+                "AFL_LLVM_ALLOWLIST/AFL_LLMV_DENYLIST instead.\n");
+          cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fsanitize-coverage=trace-pc-guard";
+
+        } else {
+
+          cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+          cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-load";
+          cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+          cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+              alloc_printf("%s/SanitizerCoveragePCGUARD.so", obj_path);
+
+        }
+
+  #endif
+#else
+  #if LLVM_MAJOR >= 4
+        if (!be_quiet)
+          SAYF(
+              "Using unoptimized trace-pc-guard, upgrade to llvm 10.0.1+ for "
+              "enhanced version.\n");
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fsanitize-coverage=trace-pc-guard";
+  #else
+        FATAL("pcguard instrumentation requires llvm 4.0.1+");
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+      } else if (instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_LLVMNATIVE) {
+
+#if LLVM_MAJOR >= 4
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fsanitize-coverage=trace-pc-guard";
+#else
+        FATAL("pcguard instrumentation requires llvm 4.0.1+");
+#endif
+
+      } else {
+
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-load";
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Xclang";
+        if (instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_CFG)
+          cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+              alloc_printf("%s/libLLVMInsTrim.so", obj_path);
+        else
+          cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+              alloc_printf("%s/afl-llvm-pass.so", obj_path);
+
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    // cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Qunused-arguments";
+
+    // in case LLVM is installed not via a package manager or "make install"
+    // e.g. compiled download or compiled from github then its ./lib directory
+    // might not be in the search path. Add it if so.
+    u8 *libdir = strdup(LLVM_LIBDIR);
+    if (plusplus_mode && strlen(libdir) && strncmp(libdir, "/usr", 4) &&
+        strncmp(libdir, "/lib", 4)) {
+
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-rpath";
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = libdir;
+
+    } else {
+
+      free(libdir);
+
+    }
+
+    if (lto_mode && argc > 1) {
+
+      u32 idx;
+      for (idx = 1; idx < argc; idx++) {
+
+        if (!strncasecmp(argv[idx], "-fpic", 5)) have_pic = 1;
+
+      }
+
+      if (!have_pic) cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fPIC";
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /* Detect stray -v calls from ./configure scripts. */
+
+  u8 skip_next = 0;
+  while (--argc) {
+
+    u8 *cur = *(++argv);
+
+    if (skip_next) {
+
+      skip_next = 0;
+      continue;
+
+    }
+
+    if (!strncmp(cur, "--afl", 5)) continue;
+    if (lto_mode && !strncmp(cur, "-fuse-ld=", 9)) continue;
+    if (lto_mode && !strncmp(cur, "--ld-path=", 10)) continue;
+    if (!strncmp(cur, "-fno-unroll", 11)) continue;
+    if (strstr(cur, "afl-compiler-rt") || strstr(cur, "afl-llvm-rt")) continue;
+    if (!strcmp(cur, "-Wl,-z,defs") || !strcmp(cur, "-Wl,--no-undefined") ||
+        !strcmp(cur, "--no-undefined")) {
+
+      continue;
+
+    }
+
+    if (!strcmp(cur, "-z")) {
+
+      u8 *param = *(argv + 1);
+      if (!strcmp(param, "defs")) {
+
+        skip_next = 1;
+        continue;
+
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    if (!strncmp(cur, "-fsanitize=fuzzer-", strlen("-fsanitize=fuzzer-")) ||
+        !strncmp(cur, "-fsanitize-coverage", strlen("-fsanitize-coverage"))) {
+
+      if (!be_quiet) { WARNF("Found '%s' - stripping!", cur); }
+      continue;
+
+    }
+
+    if (!strcmp(cur, "-fsanitize=fuzzer")) {
+
+      u8 *afllib = find_object("libAFLDriver.a", argv[0]);
+
+      if (!be_quiet)
+        WARNF(
+            "Found erroneous '-fsanitize=fuzzer', trying to replace with "
+            "libAFLDriver.a");
+
+      if (!afllib) {
+
+        WARNF(
+            "Cannot find 'libAFLDriver.a' to replace a wrong "
+            "'-fsanitize=fuzzer' in the flags - this will fail!");
+
+      } else {
+
+        cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = afllib;
+
+      }
+
+      continue;
+
+    }
+
+    if (!strcmp(cur, "-m32")) bit_mode = 32;
+    if (!strcmp(cur, "armv7a-linux-androideabi")) bit_mode = 32;
+    if (!strcmp(cur, "-m64")) bit_mode = 64;
+
+    if (!strncmp(cur, "-fsanitize-coverage-", 20) && strstr(cur, "list="))
+      have_instr_list = 1;
+
+    if (!strcmp(cur, "-fsanitize=address") || !strcmp(cur, "-fsanitize=memory"))
+      asan_set = 1;
+
+    if (strstr(cur, "FORTIFY_SOURCE")) fortify_set = 1;
+
+    if (!strcmp(cur, "-x")) x_set = 1;
+    if (!strcmp(cur, "-E")) preprocessor_only = 1;
+    if (!strcmp(cur, "-shared")) shared_linking = 1;
+    if (!strcmp(cur, "-c")) have_c = 1;
+
+    if (!strncmp(cur, "-O", 2)) have_o = 1;
+    if (!strncmp(cur, "-funroll-loop", 13)) have_unroll = 1;
+
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = cur;
+
+  }
+
+  if (getenv("AFL_HARDEN")) {
+
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fstack-protector-all";
+
+    if (!fortify_set) cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2";
+
+  }
+
+  if (!asan_set) {
+
+    if (getenv("AFL_USE_ASAN")) {
+
+      if (getenv("AFL_USE_MSAN")) FATAL("ASAN and MSAN are mutually exclusive");
+
+      if (getenv("AFL_HARDEN"))
+        FATAL("ASAN and AFL_HARDEN are mutually exclusive");
+
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-U_FORTIFY_SOURCE";
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fsanitize=address";
+
+    } else if (getenv("AFL_USE_MSAN")) {
+
+      if (getenv("AFL_USE_ASAN")) FATAL("ASAN and MSAN are mutually exclusive");
+
+      if (getenv("AFL_HARDEN"))
+        FATAL("MSAN and AFL_HARDEN are mutually exclusive");
+
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-U_FORTIFY_SOURCE";
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fsanitize=memory";
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  if (getenv("AFL_USE_UBSAN")) {
+
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fsanitize=undefined";
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fsanitize-undefined-trap-on-error";
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fno-sanitize-recover=all";
+
+  }
+
+  if (getenv("AFL_USE_CFISAN")) {
+
+    if (!lto_mode) {
+
+      uint32_t i = 0, found = 0;
+      while (envp[i] != NULL && !found)
+        if (strncmp("-flto", envp[i++], 5) == 0) found = 1;
+      if (!found) cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-flto";
+
+    }
+
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fsanitize=cfi";
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fvisibility=hidden";
+
+  }
+
+  if (!getenv("AFL_DONT_OPTIMIZE")) {
+
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-g";
+    if (!have_o) cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-O3";
+    if (!have_unroll) cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-funroll-loops";
+    // if (strlen(march_opt) > 1 && march_opt[0] == '-')
+    //  cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = march_opt;
+
+  }
+
+  if (getenv("AFL_NO_BUILTIN") || getenv("AFL_LLVM_LAF_TRANSFORM_COMPARES") ||
+      getenv("LAF_TRANSFORM_COMPARES") || getenv("AFL_LLVM_LAF_ALL") ||
+      lto_mode) {
+
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fno-builtin-strcmp";
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fno-builtin-strncmp";
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fno-builtin-strcasecmp";
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fno-builtin-strncasecmp";
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fno-builtin-memcmp";
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fno-builtin-bcmp";
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fno-builtin-strstr";
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-fno-builtin-strcasestr";
+
+  }
+
+#if defined(USEMMAP) && !defined(__HAIKU__)
+  if (!have_c) cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-lrt";
+#endif
+
+  cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-D__AFL_HAVE_MANUAL_CONTROL=1";
+  cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-D__AFL_COMPILER=1";
+  cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-DFUZZING_BUILD_MODE_UNSAFE_FOR_PRODUCTION=1";
+
+  /* When the user tries to use persistent or deferred forkserver modes by
+     appending a single line to the program, we want to reliably inject a
+     signature into the binary (to be picked up by afl-fuzz) and we want
+     to call a function from the runtime .o file. This is unnecessarily
+     painful for three reasons:
+
+     1) We need to convince the compiler not to optimize out the signature.
+        This is done with __attribute__((used)).
+
+     2) We need to convince the linker, when called with -Wl,--gc-sections,
+        not to do the same. This is done by forcing an assignment to a
+        'volatile' pointer.
+
+     3) We need to declare __afl_persistent_loop() in the global namespace,
+        but doing this within a method in a class is hard - :: and extern "C"
+        are forbidden and __attribute__((alias(...))) doesn't work. Hence the
+        __asm__ aliasing trick.
+
+   */
+
+  cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+      "-D__AFL_FUZZ_INIT()="
+      "int __afl_sharedmem_fuzzing = 1;"
+      "extern unsigned int *__afl_fuzz_len;"
+      "extern unsigned char *__afl_fuzz_ptr;"
+      "unsigned char __afl_fuzz_alt[1048576];"
+      "unsigned char *__afl_fuzz_alt_ptr = __afl_fuzz_alt;";
+
+  if (plusplus_mode) {
+
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+        "-D__AFL_COVERAGE()=int __afl_selective_coverage = 1;"
+        "extern \"C\" void __afl_coverage_discard();"
+        "extern \"C\" void __afl_coverage_skip();"
+        "extern \"C\" void __afl_coverage_on();"
+        "extern \"C\" void __afl_coverage_off();";
+
+  } else {
+
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+        "-D__AFL_COVERAGE()=int __afl_selective_coverage = 1;"
+        "void __afl_coverage_discard();"
+        "void __afl_coverage_skip();"
+        "void __afl_coverage_on();"
+        "void __afl_coverage_off();";
+
+  }
+
+  cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+      "-D__AFL_COVERAGE_START_OFF()=int __afl_selective_coverage_start_off = "
+      "1;";
+  cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-D__AFL_COVERAGE_ON()=__afl_coverage_on()";
+  cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-D__AFL_COVERAGE_OFF()=__afl_coverage_off()";
+  cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+      "-D__AFL_COVERAGE_DISCARD()=__afl_coverage_discard()";
+  cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-D__AFL_COVERAGE_SKIP()=__afl_coverage_skip()";
+  cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+      "-D__AFL_FUZZ_TESTCASE_BUF=(__afl_fuzz_ptr ? __afl_fuzz_ptr : "
+      "__afl_fuzz_alt_ptr)";
+  cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+      "-D__AFL_FUZZ_TESTCASE_LEN=(__afl_fuzz_ptr ? *__afl_fuzz_len : "
+      "(*__afl_fuzz_len = read(0, __afl_fuzz_alt_ptr, 1048576)) == 0xffffffff "
+      "? 0 : *__afl_fuzz_len)";
+
+  cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+      "-D__AFL_LOOP(_A)="
+      "({ static volatile char *_B __attribute__((used)); "
+      " _B = (char*)\"" PERSIST_SIG
+      "\"; "
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+      "__attribute__((visibility(\"default\"))) "
+      "int _L(unsigned int) __asm__(\"___afl_persistent_loop\"); "
+#else
+      "__attribute__((visibility(\"default\"))) "
+      "int _L(unsigned int) __asm__(\"__afl_persistent_loop\"); "
+#endif                                                        /* ^__APPLE__ */
+      "_L(_A); })";
+
+  cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+      "-D__AFL_INIT()="
+      "do { static volatile char *_A __attribute__((used)); "
+      " _A = (char*)\"" DEFER_SIG
+      "\"; "
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+      "__attribute__((visibility(\"default\"))) "
+      "void _I(void) __asm__(\"___afl_manual_init\"); "
+#else
+      "__attribute__((visibility(\"default\"))) "
+      "void _I(void) __asm__(\"__afl_manual_init\"); "
+#endif                                                        /* ^__APPLE__ */
+      "_I(); } while (0)";
+
+  if (x_set) {
+
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-x";
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "none";
+
+  }
+
+  // prevent unnecessary build errors
+  cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-Wno-unused-command-line-argument";
+
+  if (preprocessor_only || have_c) {
+
+    /* In the preprocessor_only case (-E), we are not actually compiling at
+       all but requesting the compiler to output preprocessed sources only.
+       We must not add the runtime in this case because the compiler will
+       simply output its binary content back on stdout, breaking any build
+       systems that rely on a separate source preprocessing step. */
+    cc_params[cc_par_cnt] = NULL;
+    return;
+
+  }
+
+#ifndef __ANDROID__
+
+  if (compiler_mode != GCC && compiler_mode != CLANG) {
+
+    switch (bit_mode) {
+
+      case 0:
+        if (!shared_linking)
+          cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+              alloc_printf("%s/afl-compiler-rt.o", obj_path);
+        if (lto_mode)
+          cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+              alloc_printf("%s/afl-llvm-rt-lto.o", obj_path);
+        break;
+
+      case 32:
+        if (!shared_linking) {
+
+          cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+              alloc_printf("%s/afl-compiler-rt-32.o", obj_path);
+          if (access(cc_params[cc_par_cnt - 1], R_OK))
+            FATAL("-m32 is not supported by your compiler");
+
+        }
+
+        if (lto_mode) {
+
+          cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+              alloc_printf("%s/afl-llvm-rt-lto-32.o", obj_path);
+          if (access(cc_params[cc_par_cnt - 1], R_OK))
+            FATAL("-m32 is not supported by your compiler");
+
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+      case 64:
+        if (!shared_linking) {
+
+          cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+              alloc_printf("%s/afl-compiler-rt-64.o", obj_path);
+          if (access(cc_params[cc_par_cnt - 1], R_OK))
+            FATAL("-m64 is not supported by your compiler");
+
+        }
+
+        if (lto_mode) {
+
+          cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+              alloc_printf("%s/afl-llvm-rt-lto-64.o", obj_path);
+          if (access(cc_params[cc_par_cnt - 1], R_OK))
+            FATAL("-m64 is not supported by your compiler");
+
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    }
+
+  #if !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__sun)
+    if (shared_linking)
+      cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] =
+          alloc_printf("-Wl,--dynamic-list=%s/dynamic_list.txt", obj_path);
+  #endif
+
+  }
+
+  #if defined(USEMMAP) && !defined(__HAIKU__)
+  cc_params[cc_par_cnt++] = "-lrt";
+  #endif
+
+#endif
+
+  cc_params[cc_par_cnt] = NULL;
+
+}
+
+/* Main entry point */
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) {
+
+  int   i, passthrough = 0;
+  char *callname = argv[0], *ptr = NULL;
+
+  if (getenv("AFL_DEBUG")) {
+
+    debug = 1;
+    if (strcmp(getenv("AFL_DEBUG"), "0") == 0) unsetenv("AFL_DEBUG");
+
+  } else if (getenv("AFL_QUIET"))
+
+    be_quiet = 1;
+
+  if (getenv("AFL_LLVM_INSTRUMENT_FILE") || getenv("AFL_LLVM_WHITELIST") ||
+      getenv("AFL_LLVM_ALLOWLIST") || getenv("AFL_LLVM_DENYLIST") ||
+      getenv("AFL_LLVM_BLOCKLIST")) {
+
+    have_instr_env = 1;
+
+  }
+
+  if (getenv("AFL_PASSTHROUGH") || getenv("AFL_NOOPT")) {
+
+    passthrough = 1;
+    if (!debug) { be_quiet = 1; }
+
+  }
+
+  if ((ptr = strrchr(callname, '/')) != NULL) callname = ptr + 1;
+  argvnull = (u8 *)argv[0];
+  check_environment_vars(envp);
+
+  if ((ptr = find_object("as", argv[0])) != NULL) {
+
+    have_gcc = 1;
+    ck_free(ptr);
+
+  }
+
+#if (LLVM_MAJOR > 2)
+
+  if ((ptr = find_object("SanitizerCoverageLTO.so", argv[0])) != NULL) {
+
+    have_lto = 1;
+    ck_free(ptr);
+
+  }
+
+  if ((ptr = find_object("cmplog-routines-pass.so", argv[0])) != NULL) {
+
+    have_llvm = 1;
+    ck_free(ptr);
+
+  }
+
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+  have_llvm = 1;
+#endif
+
+  if ((ptr = find_object("afl-gcc-pass.so", argv[0])) != NULL) {
+
+    have_gcc_plugin = 1;
+    ck_free(ptr);
+
+  }
+
+#if (LLVM_MAJOR > 2)
+
+  if (strncmp(callname, "afl-clang-fast", 14) == 0) {
+
+    compiler_mode = LLVM;
+
+  } else if (strncmp(callname, "afl-clang-lto", 13) == 0 ||
+
+             strncmp(callname, "afl-lto", 7) == 0) {
+
+    compiler_mode = LTO;
+
+  } else
+
+#endif
+      if (strncmp(callname, "afl-gcc-fast", 12) == 0 ||
+
+          strncmp(callname, "afl-g++-fast", 12) == 0) {
+
+    compiler_mode = GCC_PLUGIN;
+
+  } else if (strncmp(callname, "afl-gcc", 7) == 0 ||
+
+             strncmp(callname, "afl-g++", 7) == 0) {
+
+    compiler_mode = GCC;
+
+  } else if (strcmp(callname, "afl-clang") == 0 ||
+
+             strcmp(callname, "afl-clang++") == 0) {
+
+    compiler_mode = CLANG;
+
+  }
+
+  if ((ptr = getenv("AFL_CC_COMPILER"))) {
+
+    if (compiler_mode) {
+
+      WARNF(
+          "\"AFL_CC_COMPILER\" is set but a specific compiler was already "
+          "selected by command line parameter or symlink, ignoring the "
+          "environment variable!");
+
+    } else {
+
+      if (strncasecmp(ptr, "LTO", 3) == 0) {
+
+        compiler_mode = LTO;
+
+      } else if (strncasecmp(ptr, "LLVM", 4) == 0) {
+
+        compiler_mode = LLVM;
+
+      } else if (strncasecmp(ptr, "GCC_P", 5) == 0 ||
+
+                 strncasecmp(ptr, "GCC-P", 5) == 0 ||
+                 strncasecmp(ptr, "GCCP", 4) == 0) {
+
+        compiler_mode = GCC_PLUGIN;
+
+      } else if (strcasecmp(ptr, "GCC") == 0) {
+
+        compiler_mode = GCC;
+
+      } else
+
+        FATAL("Unknown AFL_CC_COMPILER mode: %s\n", ptr);
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  if (strcmp(callname, "afl-clang") == 0 ||
+      strcmp(callname, "afl-clang++") == 0) {
+
+    clang_mode = 1;
+    compiler_mode = CLANG;
+
+    if (strcmp(callname, "afl-clang++") == 0) { plusplus_mode = 1; }
+
+  }
+
+  for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+
+    if (strncmp(argv[i], "--afl", 5) == 0) {
+
+      if (compiler_mode)
+        WARNF(
+            "--afl-... compiler mode supersedes the AFL_CC_COMPILER and "
+            "symlink compiler selection!");
+
+      ptr = argv[i];
+      ptr += 5;
+      while (*ptr == '-')
+        ptr++;
+
+      if (strncasecmp(ptr, "LTO", 3) == 0) {
+
+        compiler_mode = LTO;
+
+      } else if (strncasecmp(ptr, "LLVM", 4) == 0) {
+
+        compiler_mode = LLVM;
+
+      } else if (strncasecmp(ptr, "PCGUARD", 7) == 0 ||
+
+                 strncasecmp(ptr, "PC-GUARD", 8) == 0) {
+
+        compiler_mode = LLVM;
+        instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_PCGUARD;
+
+      } else if (strcasecmp(ptr, "INSTRIM") == 0 ||
+
+                 strcasecmp(ptr, "CFG") == 0) {
+
+        compiler_mode = LLVM;
+        instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_CFG;
+
+      } else if (strcasecmp(ptr, "AFL") == 0 ||
+
+                 strcasecmp(ptr, "CLASSIC") == 0) {
+
+        compiler_mode = LLVM;
+        instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_CLASSIC;
+
+      } else if (strcasecmp(ptr, "LLVMNATIVE") == 0 ||
+
+                 strcasecmp(ptr, "LLVM-NATIVE") == 0) {
+
+        compiler_mode = LLVM;
+        instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_LLVMNATIVE;
+
+      } else if (strncasecmp(ptr, "GCC_P", 5) == 0 ||
+
+                 strncasecmp(ptr, "GCC-P", 5) == 0 ||
+                 strncasecmp(ptr, "GCCP", 4) == 0) {
+
+        compiler_mode = GCC_PLUGIN;
+
+      } else if (strcasecmp(ptr, "GCC") == 0) {
+
+        compiler_mode = GCC;
+
+      } else if (strncasecmp(ptr, "CLANG", 5) == 0) {
+
+        compiler_mode = CLANG;
+
+      } else
+
+        FATAL("Unknown --afl-... compiler mode: %s\n", argv[i]);
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  if (strlen(callname) > 2 &&
+      (strncmp(callname + strlen(callname) - 2, "++", 2) == 0 ||
+       strstr(callname, "-g++") != NULL))
+    plusplus_mode = 1;
+
+  if (getenv("USE_TRACE_PC") || getenv("AFL_USE_TRACE_PC") ||
+      getenv("AFL_LLVM_USE_TRACE_PC") || getenv("AFL_TRACE_PC")) {
+
+    if (instrument_mode == 0)
+      instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_PCGUARD;
+    else if (instrument_mode != INSTRUMENT_PCGUARD)
+      FATAL("you cannot set AFL_LLVM_INSTRUMENT and AFL_TRACE_PC together");
+
+  }
+
+  if (have_instr_env && getenv("AFL_DONT_OPTIMIZE")) {
+
+    WARNF(
+        "AFL_LLVM_ALLOWLIST/DENYLIST and AFL_DONT_OPTIMIZE cannot be combined "
+        "for file matching, only function matching!");
+
+  }
+
+  if (getenv("AFL_LLVM_INSTRIM") || getenv("INSTRIM") ||
+      getenv("INSTRIM_LIB")) {
+
+    if (instrument_mode == 0)
+      instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_CFG;
+    else if (instrument_mode != INSTRUMENT_CFG)
+      FATAL("you cannot set AFL_LLVM_INSTRUMENT and AFL_LLVM_INSTRIM together");
+
+  }
+
+  if (getenv("AFL_LLVM_CTX")) instrument_opt_mode |= INSTRUMENT_OPT_CTX;
+  if (getenv("AFL_LLVM_CALLER")) instrument_opt_mode |= INSTRUMENT_OPT_CALLER;
+
+  if (getenv("AFL_LLVM_NGRAM_SIZE")) {
+
+    instrument_opt_mode |= INSTRUMENT_OPT_NGRAM;
+    ngram_size = atoi(getenv("AFL_LLVM_NGRAM_SIZE"));
+    if (ngram_size < 2 || ngram_size > NGRAM_SIZE_MAX)
+      FATAL(
+          "NGRAM instrumentation mode must be between 2 and NGRAM_SIZE_MAX "
+          "(%u)",
+          NGRAM_SIZE_MAX);
+
+  }
+
+  if (getenv("AFL_LLVM_CTX_K")) {
+
+    ctx_k = atoi(getenv("AFL_LLVM_CTX_K"));
+    if (ctx_k < 1 || ctx_k > CTX_MAX_K)
+      FATAL("K-CTX instrumentation mode must be between 1 and CTX_MAX_K (%u)",
+            CTX_MAX_K);
+    if (ctx_k == 1) {
+
+      setenv("AFL_LLVM_CALLER", "1", 1);
+      unsetenv("AFL_LLVM_CTX_K");
+      instrument_opt_mode |= INSTRUMENT_OPT_CALLER;
+
+    } else {
+
+      instrument_opt_mode |= INSTRUMENT_OPT_CTX_K;
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  if (getenv("AFL_LLVM_INSTRUMENT")) {
+
+    u8 *ptr2 = strtok(getenv("AFL_LLVM_INSTRUMENT"), ":,;");
+
+    while (ptr2) {
+
+      if (strncasecmp(ptr2, "afl", strlen("afl")) == 0 ||
+          strncasecmp(ptr2, "classic", strlen("classic")) == 0) {
+
+        if (instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_LTO) {
+
+          instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_CLASSIC;
+          lto_mode = 1;
+
+        } else if (!instrument_mode || instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_AFL)
+
+          instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_AFL;
+        else
+          FATAL("main instrumentation mode already set with %s",
+                instrument_mode_string[instrument_mode]);
+
+      }
+
+      if (strncasecmp(ptr2, "pc-guard", strlen("pc-guard")) == 0 ||
+          strncasecmp(ptr2, "pcguard", strlen("pcguard")) == 0) {
+
+        if (!instrument_mode || instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_PCGUARD)
+          instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_PCGUARD;
+        else
+          FATAL("main instrumentation mode already set with %s",
+                instrument_mode_string[instrument_mode]);
+
+      }
+
+      if (strncasecmp(ptr2, "llvmnative", strlen("llvmnative")) == 0 ||
+          strncasecmp(ptr2, "llvm-native", strlen("llvm-native")) == 0) {
+
+        if (!instrument_mode || instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_LLVMNATIVE)
+          instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_LLVMNATIVE;
+        else
+          FATAL("main instrumentation mode already set with %s",
+                instrument_mode_string[instrument_mode]);
+
+      }
+
+      if (strncasecmp(ptr2, "cfg", strlen("cfg")) == 0 ||
+          strncasecmp(ptr2, "instrim", strlen("instrim")) == 0) {
+
+        if (instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_LTO) {
+
+          instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_CFG;
+          lto_mode = 1;
+
+        } else if (!instrument_mode || instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_CFG)
+
+          instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_CFG;
+        else
+          FATAL("main instrumentation mode already set with %s",
+                instrument_mode_string[instrument_mode]);
+
+      }
+
+      if (strncasecmp(ptr2, "lto", strlen("lto")) == 0) {
+
+        lto_mode = 1;
+        if (!instrument_mode || instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_LTO)
+          instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_LTO;
+        else if (instrument_mode != INSTRUMENT_CFG)
+          FATAL("main instrumentation mode already set with %s",
+                instrument_mode_string[instrument_mode]);
+
+      }
+
+      if (strcasecmp(ptr2, "gcc") == 0) {
+
+        if (!instrument_mode || instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_GCC)
+          instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_GCC;
+        else if (instrument_mode != INSTRUMENT_GCC)
+          FATAL("main instrumentation mode already set with %s",
+                instrument_mode_string[instrument_mode]);
+        compiler_mode = GCC;
+
+      }
+
+      if (strcasecmp(ptr2, "clang") == 0) {
+
+        if (!instrument_mode || instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_CLANG)
+          instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_CLANG;
+        else if (instrument_mode != INSTRUMENT_CLANG)
+          FATAL("main instrumentation mode already set with %s",
+                instrument_mode_string[instrument_mode]);
+        compiler_mode = CLANG;
+
+      }
+
+      if (strncasecmp(ptr2, "ctx-", strlen("ctx-")) == 0) {
+
+        u8 *ptr3 = ptr2 + strlen("ctx-");
+        while (*ptr3 && (*ptr3 < '0' || *ptr3 > '9'))
+          ptr3++;
+
+        if (!*ptr3) {
+
+          if ((ptr3 = getenv("AFL_LLVM_CTX_K")) == NULL)
+            FATAL(
+                "you must set the K-CTX K with (e.g. for value 2) "
+                "AFL_LLVM_INSTRUMENT=ctx-2");
+
+        }
+
+        ctx_k = atoi(ptr3);
+        if (ctx_k < 1 || ctx_k > CTX_MAX_K)
+          FATAL(
+              "K-CTX instrumentation option must be between 1 and CTX_MAX_K "
+              "(%u)",
+              CTX_MAX_K);
+
+        if (ctx_k == 1) {
+
+          instrument_opt_mode |= INSTRUMENT_OPT_CALLER;
+          setenv("AFL_LLVM_CALLER", "1", 1);
+          unsetenv("AFL_LLVM_CTX_K");
+
+        } else {
+
+          instrument_opt_mode |= (INSTRUMENT_OPT_CTX_K);
+          u8 *ptr4 = alloc_printf("%u", ctx_k);
+          setenv("AFL_LLVM_CTX_K", ptr4, 1);
+
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      if (strncasecmp(ptr2, "ctx", strlen("ctx")) == 0) {
+
+        instrument_opt_mode |= INSTRUMENT_OPT_CTX;
+        setenv("AFL_LLVM_CTX", "1", 1);
+
+      }
+
+      if (strncasecmp(ptr2, "caller", strlen("caller")) == 0) {
+
+        instrument_opt_mode |= INSTRUMENT_OPT_CALLER;
+        setenv("AFL_LLVM_CALLER", "1", 1);
+
+      }
+
+      if (strncasecmp(ptr2, "ngram", strlen("ngram")) == 0) {
+
+        u8 *ptr3 = ptr2 + strlen("ngram");
+        while (*ptr3 && (*ptr3 < '0' || *ptr3 > '9'))
+          ptr3++;
+
+        if (!*ptr3) {
+
+          if ((ptr3 = getenv("AFL_LLVM_NGRAM_SIZE")) == NULL)
+            FATAL(
+                "you must set the NGRAM size with (e.g. for value 2) "
+                "AFL_LLVM_INSTRUMENT=ngram-2");
+
+        }
+
+        ngram_size = atoi(ptr3);
+        if (ngram_size < 2 || ngram_size > NGRAM_SIZE_MAX)
+          FATAL(
+              "NGRAM instrumentation option must be between 2 and "
+              "NGRAM_SIZE_MAX (%u)",
+              NGRAM_SIZE_MAX);
+        instrument_opt_mode |= (INSTRUMENT_OPT_NGRAM);
+        u8 *ptr4 = alloc_printf("%u", ngram_size);
+        setenv("AFL_LLVM_NGRAM_SIZE", ptr4, 1);
+
+      }
+
+      ptr2 = strtok(NULL, ":,;");
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  if ((instrument_opt_mode & INSTRUMENT_OPT_CTX) &&
+      (instrument_opt_mode & INSTRUMENT_OPT_CALLER)) {
+
+    FATAL("you cannot set CTX and CALLER together");
+
+  }
+
+  if ((instrument_opt_mode & INSTRUMENT_OPT_CTX) &&
+      (instrument_opt_mode & INSTRUMENT_OPT_CTX_K)) {
+
+    FATAL("you cannot set CTX and K-CTX together");
+
+  }
+
+  if ((instrument_opt_mode & INSTRUMENT_OPT_CALLER) &&
+      (instrument_opt_mode & INSTRUMENT_OPT_CTX_K)) {
+
+    FATAL("you cannot set CALLER and K-CTX together");
+
+  }
+
+  if (instrument_opt_mode && instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_DEFAULT &&
+      (compiler_mode == LLVM || compiler_mode == UNSET)) {
+
+    instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_CLASSIC;
+    compiler_mode = LLVM;
+
+  }
+
+  if (!compiler_mode) {
+
+    // lto is not a default because outside of afl-cc RANLIB and AR have to
+    // be set to llvm versions so this would work
+    if (have_llvm)
+      compiler_mode = LLVM;
+    else if (have_gcc_plugin)
+      compiler_mode = GCC_PLUGIN;
+    else if (have_gcc)
+      compiler_mode = GCC;
+    else if (have_lto)
+      compiler_mode = LTO;
+    else
+      FATAL("no compiler mode available");
+
+  }
+
+  if (compiler_mode == GCC) {
+
+    if (clang_mode) {
+
+      instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_CLANG;
+
+    } else {
+
+      instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_GCC;
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  if (compiler_mode == CLANG) { instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_CLANG; }
+
+  if (argc < 2 || strncmp(argv[1], "-h", 2) == 0) {
+
+    printf("afl-cc" VERSION
+           " by Michal Zalewski, Laszlo Szekeres, Marc Heuse\n");
+
+    SAYF(
+        "\n"
+        "afl-cc/afl-c++ [options]\n"
+        "\n"
+        "This is a helper application for afl-fuzz. It serves as a drop-in "
+        "replacement\n"
+        "for gcc and clang, letting you recompile third-party code with the "
+        "required\n"
+        "runtime instrumentation. A common use pattern would be one of the "
+        "following:\n\n"
+
+        "  CC=afl-cc CXX=afl-c++ ./configure --disable-shared\n"
+        "  cmake -DCMAKE_C_COMPILERC=afl-cc -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=afl-c++ .\n"
+        "  CC=afl-cc CXX=afl-c++ meson\n\n");
+
+    SAYF(
+        "                                       |------------- FEATURES "
+        "-------------|\n"
+        "MODES:                                  NCC PERSIST DICT   LAF "
+        "CMPLOG SELECT\n"
+        "  [LTO] llvm LTO:          %s%s\n"
+        "      PCGUARD              DEFAULT      yes yes     yes    yes yes "
+        "   yes\n"
+        "      CLASSIC                           yes yes     yes    yes yes "
+        "   yes\n"
+        "  [LLVM] llvm:             %s%s\n"
+        "      PCGUARD              %s      yes yes     module yes yes    "
+        "extern\n"
+        "      CLASSIC              %s      no  yes     module yes yes    "
+        "yes\n"
+        "        - NORMAL\n"
+        "        - CALLER\n"
+        "        - CTX\n"
+        "        - NGRAM-{2-16}\n"
+        "      INSTRIM                           no  yes     module yes yes "
+        "   yes\n"
+        "        - NORMAL\n"
+        "        - CALLER\n"
+        "        - NGRAM-{2-16}\n"
+        "  [GCC_PLUGIN] gcc plugin: %s%s\n"
+        "      CLASSIC              DEFAULT      no  yes     no     no  no     "
+        "yes\n"
+        "  [GCC/CLANG] simple gcc/clang: %s%s\n"
+        "      CLASSIC              DEFAULT      no  no      no     no  no     "
+        "no\n\n",
+        have_lto ? "AVAILABLE" : "unavailable!",
+        compiler_mode == LTO ? " [SELECTED]" : "",
+        have_llvm ? "AVAILABLE" : "unavailable!",
+        compiler_mode == LLVM ? " [SELECTED]" : "",
+        LLVM_MAJOR > 6 ? "DEFAULT" : "       ",
+        LLVM_MAJOR > 6 ? "       " : "DEFAULT",
+        have_gcc_plugin ? "AVAILABLE" : "unavailable!",
+        compiler_mode == GCC_PLUGIN ? " [SELECTED]" : "",
+        have_gcc ? "AVAILABLE" : "unavailable!",
+        (compiler_mode == GCC || compiler_mode == CLANG) ? " [SELECTED]" : "");
+
+    SAYF(
+        "Modes:\n"
+        "  To select the compiler mode use a symlink version (e.g. "
+        "afl-clang-fast), set\n"
+        "  the environment variable AFL_CC_COMPILER to a mode (e.g. LLVM) or "
+        "use the\n"
+        "  command line parameter --afl-MODE (e.g. --afl-llvm). If none is "
+        "selected,\n"
+        "  afl-cc will select the best available (LLVM -> GCC_PLUGIN -> GCC).\n"
+        "  The best is LTO but it often needs RANLIB and AR settings outside "
+        "of afl-cc.\n\n");
+
+#if LLVM_MAJOR > 10 || (LLVM_MAJOR == 10 && LLVM_MINOR > 0)
+  #define NATIVE_MSG                                              \
+    "  NATIVE:  use llvm's native PCGUARD instrumentation (less " \
+    "performant)\n"
+#else
+  #define NATIVE_MSG ""
+#endif
+
+    SAYF(
+        "Sub-Modes: (set via env AFL_LLVM_INSTRUMENT, afl-cc selects the best "
+        "available)\n"
+        "  PCGUARD: Dominator tree instrumentation (best!) (README.llvm.md)\n"
+
+        NATIVE_MSG
+
+        "  CLASSIC: decision target instrumentation (README.llvm.md)\n"
+        "  CALLER:  CLASSIC + single callee context "
+        "(instrumentation/README.ctx.md)\n"
+        "  CTX:     CLASSIC + full callee context "
+        "(instrumentation/README.ctx.md)\n"
+        "  NGRAM-x: CLASSIC + previous path "
+        "((instrumentation/README.ngram.md)\n"
+        "  INSTRIM: Dominator tree (for LLVM <= 6.0) "
+        "(instrumentation/README.instrim.md)\n\n");
+
+#undef NATIVE_MSG
+
+    SAYF(
+        "Features: (see documentation links)\n"
+        "  NCC:    non-colliding coverage [automatic] (that is an amazing "
+        "thing!)\n"
+        "          (instrumentation/README.lto.md)\n"
+        "  PERSIST: persistent mode support [code] (huge speed increase!)\n"
+        "          (instrumentation/README.persistent_mode.md)\n"
+        "  DICT:   dictionary in the target [yes=automatic or llvm module "
+        "pass]\n"
+        "          (instrumentation/README.lto.md + "
+        "instrumentation/README.llvm.md)\n"
+        "  LAF:    comparison splitting [env] "
+        "(instrumentation/README.laf-intel.md)\n"
+        "  CMPLOG: input2state exploration [env] "
+        "(instrumentation/README.cmplog.md)\n"
+        "  SELECT: selective instrumentation (allow/deny) on filename or "
+        "function [env]\n"
+        "          (instrumentation/README.instrument_list.md)\n\n");
+
+    if (argc < 2 || strncmp(argv[1], "-hh", 3)) {
+
+      SAYF(
+          "To see all environment variables for the configuration of afl-cc "
+          "use \"-hh\".\n");
+
+    } else {
+
+      SAYF(
+          "Environment variables used:\n"
+          "  AFL_CC: path to the C compiler to use\n"
+          "  AFL_CXX: path to the C++ compiler to use\n"
+          "  AFL_DEBUG: enable developer debugging output\n"
+          "  AFL_DONT_OPTIMIZE: disable optimization instead of -O3\n"
+          "  AFL_NO_BUILTIN: no builtins for string compare functions (for "
+          "libtokencap.so)\n"
+          "  AFL_NOOP: behave like a normal compiler (to pass configure "
+          "tests)\n"
+          "  AFL_PATH: path to instrumenting pass and runtime  "
+          "(afl-compiler-rt.*o)\n"
+          "  AFL_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_ENVS: don't warn on unknown env vars\n"
+          "  AFL_INST_RATIO: percentage of branches to instrument\n"
+          "  AFL_QUIET: suppress verbose output\n"
+          "  AFL_HARDEN: adds code hardening to catch memory bugs\n"
+          "  AFL_USE_ASAN: activate address sanitizer\n"
+          "  AFL_USE_CFISAN: activate control flow sanitizer\n"
+          "  AFL_USE_MSAN: activate memory sanitizer\n"
+          "  AFL_USE_UBSAN: activate undefined behaviour sanitizer\n");
+
+      if (have_gcc_plugin)
+        SAYF(
+            "\nGCC Plugin-specific environment variables:\n"
+            "  AFL_GCC_OUT_OF_LINE: disable inlined instrumentation\n"
+            "  AFL_GCC_SKIP_NEVERZERO: do not skip zero on trace counters\n"
+            "  AFL_GCC_INSTRUMENT_FILE: enable selective instrumentation by "
+            "filename\n");
+
+#if LLVM_MAJOR < 9
+  #define COUNTER_BEHAVIOUR \
+    "  AFL_LLVM_NOT_ZERO: use cycling trace counters that skip zero\n"
+#else
+  #define COUNTER_BEHAVIOUR \
+    "  AFL_LLVM_SKIP_NEVERZERO: do not skip zero on trace counters\n"
+#endif
+      if (have_llvm)
+        SAYF(
+            "\nLLVM/LTO/afl-clang-fast/afl-clang-lto specific environment "
+            "variables:\n"
+
+            COUNTER_BEHAVIOUR
+
+            "  AFL_LLVM_DICT2FILE: generate an afl dictionary based on found "
+            "comparisons\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_LAF_ALL: enables all LAF splits/transforms\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_LAF_SPLIT_COMPARES: enable cascaded comparisons\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_LAF_SPLIT_COMPARES_BITW: size limit (default 8)\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_LAF_SPLIT_SWITCHES: cascaded comparisons on switches\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_LAF_SPLIT_FLOATS: cascaded comparisons on floats\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_LAF_TRANSFORM_COMPARES: cascade comparisons for string "
+            "functions\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_ALLOWLIST/AFL_LLVM_DENYLIST: enable "
+            "instrument allow/\n"
+            "    deny listing (selective instrumentation)\n");
+
+      if (have_llvm)
+        SAYF(
+            "  AFL_LLVM_CMPLOG: log operands of comparisons (RedQueen "
+            "mutator)\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_INSTRUMENT: set instrumentation mode:\n"
+            "    CLASSIC, INSTRIM, PCGUARD, LTO, GCC, CLANG, CALLER, CTX, "
+            "NGRAM-2 ..-16\n"
+            " You can also use the old environment variables instead:\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_USE_TRACE_PC: use LLVM trace-pc-guard instrumentation\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_INSTRIM: use light weight instrumentation InsTrim\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_INSTRIM_LOOPHEAD: optimize loop tracing for speed "
+            "(option to INSTRIM)\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_CALLER: use single context sensitive coverage (for "
+            "CLASSIC)\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_CTX: use full context sensitive coverage (for "
+            "CLASSIC)\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_NGRAM_SIZE: use ngram prev_loc count coverage (for "
+            "CLASSIC & INSTRIM)\n");
+
+#ifdef AFL_CLANG_FLTO
+      if (have_lto)
+        SAYF(
+            "\nLTO/afl-clang-lto specific environment variables:\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_MAP_ADDR: use a fixed coverage map address (speed), "
+            "e.g. "
+            "0x10000\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_DOCUMENT_IDS: write all edge IDs and the corresponding "
+            "functions\n"
+            "    into this file\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_LTO_DONTWRITEID: don't write the highest ID used to a "
+            "global var\n"
+            "  AFL_LLVM_LTO_STARTID: from which ID to start counting from for "
+            "a "
+            "bb\n"
+            "  AFL_REAL_LD: use this lld linker instead of the compiled in "
+            "path\n"
+            "If anything fails - be sure to read README.lto.md!\n");
+#endif
+
+    }
+
+    SAYF(
+        "\nFor any information on the available instrumentations and options "
+        "please \n"
+        "consult the README.md, especially section 3.1 about instrumenting "
+        "targets.\n\n");
+
+#if (LLVM_MAJOR > 2)
+    if (have_lto)
+      SAYF("afl-cc LTO with ld=%s %s\n", AFL_REAL_LD, AFL_CLANG_FLTO);
+    if (have_llvm)
+      SAYF("afl-cc LLVM version %d using the binary path \"%s\".\n", LLVM_MAJOR,
+           LLVM_BINDIR);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USEMMAP
+  #if !defined(__HAIKU__)
+    SAYF("Compiled with shm_open support.\n");
+  #else
+    SAYF("Compiled with shm_open support (adds -lrt when linking).\n");
+  #endif
+#else
+    SAYF("Compiled with shmat support.\n");
+#endif
+    SAYF("\n");
+
+    SAYF(
+        "Do not be overwhelmed :) afl-cc uses good defaults if no options are "
+        "selected.\n"
+        "Read the documentation for FEATURES though, all are good but few are "
+        "defaults.\n"
+        "Recommended is afl-clang-lto with AFL_LLVM_CMPLOG or afl-clang-fast "
+        "with\n"
+        "AFL_LLVM_CMPLOG and AFL_LLVM_DICT2FILE.\n\n");
+
+    exit(1);
+
+  }
+
+  if (compiler_mode == LTO) {
+
+    if (instrument_mode == 0 || instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_LTO ||
+        instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_CFG ||
+        instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_PCGUARD) {
+
+      lto_mode = 1;
+      // force CFG
+      // if (!instrument_mode) {
+
+      instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_PCGUARD;
+      // ptr = instrument_mode_string[instrument_mode];
+      // }
+
+    } else if (instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_LTO ||
+
+               instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_CLASSIC) {
+
+      lto_mode = 1;
+
+    } else {
+
+      if (!be_quiet)
+        WARNF("afl-clang-lto called with mode %s, using that mode instead",
+              instrument_mode_string[instrument_mode]);
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  if (instrument_mode == 0 && compiler_mode < GCC_PLUGIN) {
+
+#if LLVM_MAJOR <= 6
+    instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_AFL;
+#else
+  #if LLVM_MAJOR < 11 && (LLVM_MAJOR < 10 || LLVM_MINOR < 1)
+    if (have_instr_env) {
+
+      instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_AFL;
+      if (!be_quiet)
+        WARNF(
+            "Switching to classic instrumentation because "
+            "AFL_LLVM_ALLOWLIST/DENYLIST does not work with PCGUARD < 10.0.1.");
+
+    } else
+
+  #endif
+      instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_PCGUARD;
+
+#endif
+
+  }
+
+  if (instrument_opt_mode && compiler_mode != LLVM)
+    FATAL("CTX, CALLER and NGRAM can only be used in LLVM mode");
+
+  if (!instrument_opt_mode) {
+
+    if (lto_mode && instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_CFG)
+      instrument_mode = INSTRUMENT_PCGUARD;
+    ptr = instrument_mode_string[instrument_mode];
+
+  } else {
+
+    char *ptr2 = alloc_printf(" + NGRAM-%u", ngram_size);
+    char *ptr3 = alloc_printf(" + K-CTX-%u", ctx_k);
+
+    ptr = alloc_printf(
+        "%s%s%s%s%s", instrument_mode_string[instrument_mode],
+        (instrument_opt_mode & INSTRUMENT_OPT_CTX) ? " + CTX" : "",
+        (instrument_opt_mode & INSTRUMENT_OPT_CALLER) ? " + CALLER" : "",
+        (instrument_opt_mode & INSTRUMENT_OPT_NGRAM) ? ptr2 : "",
+        (instrument_opt_mode & INSTRUMENT_OPT_CTX_K) ? ptr3 : "");
+
+    ck_free(ptr2);
+    ck_free(ptr3);
+
+  }
+
+#ifndef AFL_CLANG_FLTO
+  if (lto_mode)
+    FATAL(
+        "instrumentation mode LTO specified but LLVM support not available "
+        "(requires LLVM 11 or higher)");
+#endif
+
+  if (instrument_opt_mode && instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_CFG &&
+      instrument_opt_mode & INSTRUMENT_OPT_CTX)
+    FATAL("CFG instrumentation mode supports NGRAM and CALLER, but not CTX.");
+  else if (instrument_opt_mode && instrument_mode != INSTRUMENT_CLASSIC)
+    // we will drop CFG/INSTRIM in the future so do not advertise
+    FATAL(
+        "CALLER, CTX and NGRAM instrumentation options can only be used with "
+        "the LLVM CLASSIC instrumentation mode.");
+
+  if (getenv("AFL_LLVM_SKIP_NEVERZERO") && getenv("AFL_LLVM_NOT_ZERO"))
+    FATAL(
+        "AFL_LLVM_NOT_ZERO and AFL_LLVM_SKIP_NEVERZERO can not be set "
+        "together");
+
+#if LLVM_MAJOR < 11 && (LLVM_MAJOR < 10 || LLVM_MINOR < 1)
+  if (instrument_mode == INSTRUMENT_PCGUARD && have_instr_env) {
+
+    FATAL(
+        "Instrumentation type PCGUARD does not support "
+        "AFL_LLVM_ALLOWLIST/DENYLIST! Use LLVM 10.0.1+ instead.");
+
+  }
+
+#endif
+
+  u8 *ptr2;
+
+  if ((ptr2 = getenv("AFL_LLVM_DICT2FILE")) != NULL && *ptr2 != '/')
+    FATAL("AFL_LLVM_DICT2FILE must be set to an absolute file path");
+
+  if ((isatty(2) && !be_quiet) || debug) {
+
+    SAYF(cCYA
+         "afl-cc " VERSION cRST
+         " by Michal Zalewski, Laszlo Szekeres, Marc Heuse - mode: %s-%s\n",
+         compiler_mode_string[compiler_mode], ptr);
+
+  }
+
+  if (!be_quiet && (compiler_mode == GCC || compiler_mode == CLANG)) {
+
+    WARNF(
+        "You are using outdated instrumentation, install LLVM and/or "
+        "gcc-plugin and use afl-clang-fast/afl-clang-lto/afl-gcc-fast "
+        "instead!");
+
+  }
+
+  if (debug) {
+
+    DEBUGF("cd '%s';", getthecwd());
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+      SAYF(" '%s'", argv[i]);
+    SAYF("\n");
+    fflush(stdout);
+    fflush(stderr);
+
+  }
+
+  if (getenv("AFL_LLVM_LAF_ALL")) {
+
+    setenv("AFL_LLVM_LAF_SPLIT_SWITCHES", "1", 1);
+    setenv("AFL_LLVM_LAF_SPLIT_COMPARES", "1", 1);
+    setenv("AFL_LLVM_LAF_SPLIT_FLOATS", "1", 1);
+    setenv("AFL_LLVM_LAF_TRANSFORM_COMPARES", "1", 1);
+
+  }
+
+  cmplog_mode = getenv("AFL_CMPLOG") || getenv("AFL_LLVM_CMPLOG");
+  if (!be_quiet && cmplog_mode)
+    printf("CmpLog mode by <andreafioraldi@gmail.com>\n");
+
+#ifndef __ANDROID__
+  ptr = find_object("afl-compiler-rt.o", argv[0]);
+
+  if (!ptr) {
+
+    FATAL(
+        "Unable to find 'afl-compiler-rt.o'. Please set the AFL_PATH "
+        "environment variable.");
+
+  }
+
+  if (debug) { DEBUGF("rt=%s obj_path=%s\n", ptr, obj_path); }
+
+  ck_free(ptr);
+#endif
+
+  edit_params(argc, argv, envp);
+
+  if (debug) {
+
+    DEBUGF("cd '%s';", getthecwd());
+    for (i = 0; i < (s32)cc_par_cnt; i++)
+      SAYF(" '%s'", cc_params[i]);
+    SAYF("\n");
+    fflush(stdout);
+    fflush(stderr);
+
+  }
+
+  if (passthrough) {
+
+    argv[0] = cc_params[0];
+    execvp(cc_params[0], (char **)argv);
+
+  } else {
+
+    execvp(cc_params[0], (char **)cc_params);
+
+  }
+
+  FATAL("Oops, failed to execute '%s' - check your PATH", cc_params[0]);
+
+  return 0;
+
+}
+