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diff --git a/src/pos.md b/src/pos.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30d448b --- /dev/null +++ b/src/pos.md @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ +# Parts of speech + +## Nouns +### Nominal phrases + +1. Head noun +2. Totality +3. Quantifier/Number +4. Classifier +5. Attributive modifiers +6. Demonstrative +7. Prepositional phrase + +## Pronoun +### Neutral + +Neutral pronouns are similar to how they are in English. It is however mainly +used in formal speech or formal writing. Using it on an one-on-one +conversation implies either unfriendliness or distance. + +| Person | Pronoun | +|--------|---------| +| 1st | hwa | +| 2nd | ti | +| 3rd | nu | + +Neutral pronouns can be pluralized by numerals and quantifiers as if they are +nouns. Note that first plural personal pronoun is always exclusive. + +### Familiar + +Gendered pronouns are chiefly used among people who are equal and close to one +another, but not blood-related. + +| Person | Male | Female | Male (intimate) | Female (intimate)| +|--------|--------|--------|-----------------|------------------| +| 1st | min | dwi | na | mì | +| 2nd | hon | hja | san | kun | +| 3rd | hàn | mù | ba | njan | + +Note: "intimate" pronouns are used between lovers. + +There is no gender-neutral pronouns in this category. Nonbinary people usually +pick the one they're most comfortable with or invent neopronouns, though that +meets several criticism from many linguistic purists. Another option for them +is to use kinship pronouns, which include gender-neutral pronouns for sibling +(though, not age-neutral). + +### Hierarchical + +There are not many non-familial hierarchies in Zì community, but the contrast +in such relationships is showed clearly via pronouns. These pronouns lack +third person pronoun. +Hierarchical pronouns comes in pair, with one in the higher position and one in +the lower: + +- chieftain (kjá) - denizen (tò) +- teacher (se) - student (him) +- leader (zi) - follower (him) + +One can be in several of these relationships at once. +For example, one of the denizen can be the chieftain's teacher, in which case +each party uses the lower pronoun for oneself and the higher for the other. + +### Kinship + +- great-grandparent: sjà +- grandfather: fu +- grandmother: bu +- father: ba + - father's elder brother: fa + - father's elder brother's wife: nàn + - father's elder sister: bǎ + - father's elder sister's husband: gon + - father's younger sibling: hju + - father's younger sibling's spouse: tin +- mother: ma + - mother's elder brother: fá + - mother's elder brother's wife: nàn + - mother's elder sister: zǐ + - mother's elder sister's husband: gon + - mother's younger sibling: vǎ + - mother's younger sibling's spouse: mjé +- elder brother: kje +- elder sister: dje +- younger sibling: nen +- child: sǔn +- niece/nephew: swá +- grandchild: gun +- great-grandchild: ngi + +Note: + +- Pronoun for parents' spouses who are not biological parents are the same as + parents +- Pronoun for parent's elder brother's husband is lacked because homosexual + relationships weren't acknowledged before, but he would use the same + pronoun as the parent's elder brother. Likewise, the parent's elder + sister's wife also use the same pronoun as her wife. +- Pronouns for father's elder brother, mother's elder sister, father's younger + sibling, mother's younger sibling + +## Verbs +## Adjective +## Classifiers + +- human + - respectful + - derogatory + - diminutive +- animal + - four-legged + - winged +- plant + - flower + - fruit-like (fruit, ball, egg) +- thing + - book-like (dictionary, newspaper) + - blade-like (knife, scissor, sword) + - street-like (river, stream) + - yard-like (pond, lake) + - very large (sky, ocean, forest) + - house-like + - clothes +- food +- abstract +- phenomenon + +## Numerals and Quantifiers + +### Numeral + +Biquinary + +### Quantifier + +## Preposition +## Particles +### Modal +### Adverbial |