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diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/phonology.md b/src/haasdaiga/phonology.md index 0685e21..981a724 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/phonology.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/phonology.md @@ -1,79 +1 @@ # Phonology - -<!-- toc --> - -## Consonants - -Main consonants are listed in the table below: - -| | labial | alveolar | palatal | uvular | glottal | -|---------------|--------|----------|---------|-----------|---------| -| **nasal** | m | n | ɲ (*nj*) | ŋ (*n*, *ng*) | | -| **plosive** | p b | t d | | k (*c*) ɡ (*g*) | ʔ | -| **fricative** | f v | s z | | x (*ch*) ɣ (*gh*) | h | -| **sonorant** | w | r l | j | | | - -Notes: - -- *n* is pronounced as /ŋ/ only if it is followed by another consonant -- The glottal stop /ʔ/ is not written. It's implied when a syllable does not - have other consonants (similar to Vietnamese). -- *nj* is pronounced as /ɲ/ even when the two letters are from different words. - The sames go for other digraphs (ng, ch, gh). There is therefore no - ambiguous way of pronouncing a word given a romanization. -- Some dialects may pronounce *s*, *z* as - -## Vowels - -| | front | centre | back | -|-------|-------|--------|------| -| open | i | | u | -| mid | e | ə (*y*)| o | -| close | a | | | - -Note: the schwa sound /ə/ is not written in the native script. However, for -ease of writing on computer, it is romanized as y. Both kýn and ḱn are -acceptable as the romanization for the same syllable. This document is in -favor of using explicit form instead of implicit form. - -### Diphthongs and long vowels - -Long vowels are written as duplicated vowels, with the second character having -a diaresis (for example *aä* is pronounced /aː/). For vowels whose -romanizations contain two characters, the later vowel is duplicated (for -example, long version of *aë* is *aëë*) - -Diphthongs are written similarly. They're listed below: - -- aï /aɪ/ -- aü /aʊ/ -- eï /eɪ/ -- oï /oɪ/ -- uï /uɪ/ - -## Tones - -There are three tones in Hàäsdáïga: - -- level tone (a) /˧˧/ -- rising tone (á) /˧˥/ -- falling tone (à) /˥˩/ - -## Phonotactics - -Syllables in Hàäsdáïga have a simple structure: **CVT(C)** - -The final consonants can't be sonorants, /h/, /ʔ/, and voiced vowels if they -have voiceless equivalents. Other than that, there isn't any constraints. - -There are thus: - -\\( 22 × (6 × 2 + 6 ) × 3 × 11 = 18876 \\) (possible syllables) - -Note: These numbers mean: - -- 22 consonants -- 6 vowels and their long version -- 6 diphthongs -- 3 tones -- 10 final consonants |