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authorNgô Ngọc Đức Huy <huyngo@disroot.org>2021-10-28 17:37:23 +0700
committerNgô Ngọc Đức Huy <huyngo@disroot.org>2021-10-28 17:37:23 +0700
commit137e99b0f73fdf034235f0bd48bace1df435dda0 (patch)
tree3c4e91f56606a30912898ff44bff98e9bad6e368
downloadravna-137e99b0f73fdf034235f0bd48bace1df435dda0.tar.gz
Initialize and write phonology stuff
-rw-r--r--.gitignore1
-rw-r--r--book.toml9
-rw-r--r--src/SUMMARY.md8
-rw-r--r--src/intro.md4
-rw-r--r--src/phonology/index.md1
-rw-r--r--src/phonology/phonemes.md51
-rw-r--r--src/phonology/phonotactics.md19
-rw-r--r--src/phonology/rom.md3
-rw-r--r--src/writing/index.md1
9 files changed, 97 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
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+book
diff --git a/book.toml b/book.toml
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+[book]
+authors = ["Ngô Ngọc Đức Huy"]
+language = "en"
+multilingual = false
+src = "src"
+title = "Ravna manual"
+
+[output.html]
+default-theme = "rust"
diff --git a/src/SUMMARY.md b/src/SUMMARY.md
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+# Summary
+
+- [Introduction](./intro.md)
+- [Phonology](./phonology/index.md)
+  - [Phonemes](./phonology/phonemes.md)
+  - [Phonotactics](./phonology/phonotactics.md)
+  - [Romanization](./phonology/rom.md)
+- [Writing system](./writing/index.md)
diff --git a/src/intro.md b/src/intro.md
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+# Introduction
+
+Ravna is the native langauge of Ravin people, a tribe in Woodsland.  It is also
+used as a lingua franca among neighbour tribes.
diff --git a/src/phonology/index.md b/src/phonology/index.md
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+# Phonology
diff --git a/src/phonology/phonemes.md b/src/phonology/phonemes.md
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+# Phonemes
+
+## Consonants
+
+|           | labial | alveolar | palatal | velar | glottal |
+|-----------|--------|----------|---------|-------|---------|
+| nasal     | m      | n        | ɲ       | ŋ     |         |
+| plosive   | p b    | t d      | c       | k g   | ʔ       |
+| fricative | f v    | s z      | ç j     | x     | h       |
+| liquid    |        | l r      |         |       |         |
+
+Ravna consists of 22 standard consonants.
+
+- /t/, /d/, and /c/ are aspirated [tʰ], [dʰ], [cʰ] in Ravin dialect, but
+  unaspirated elsewhere
+- /x/ can be realized as [χ] in some dialects
+- /ç/ can be realized as [ʂ] in some rare dialects or by non-native speakers
+- /s/ and /z/ is realized as [ʂ] and [ʐ] in Ravin dialect, but not others
+- Some dialects don't have phoneme /ʔ/
+- In modern Ravna dialect that Ravin people speak, /l/ and /r/ are merged to [ɺ]
+- /r/ can be either approximant [ɹ], tap [ɾ], or trill [r] in other dialects
+
+## Vowels
+
+|        | front | central | back |
+|--------|-------|---------|------|
+| open   | i     | (ɨ)     | u    |
+| mid    | e ɛ   | (ə)     | o    |
+| closed | a     |         | ɔ    |
+
+Ravna consists of 9 vowels.
+
+- /ə/ occurs as unstressed /e/
+- /ɨ/ occurs as unstressed /i/, which disappears when possible
+- /a/ and /o/ have umlauts /ɛ/ and /u/ respectively
+
+## Stress
+
+Ravna is a stress-accent language with clear pitch accent patterns.
+
+If the word has 3 syllables or less:
+
+- The primary stress is on the first syllable.
+- The low pitch is on the first syllable and the high pitch is on the last
+    syllable.  All other syllables have low pitches.
+
+If the word has more than 3 syllables:
+
+- The primary stress is on the first syllable.
+- The secondary stress is on the third syllable.
+- The high pitches are on the stresses, and low pitches are on other syllable.
diff --git a/src/phonology/phonotactics.md b/src/phonology/phonotactics.md
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+# Phonotactics
+
+## Syllable structure
+
+The common syllable structure in Ravna is CV(C).
+
+The final consonants cannot be glottal.  Glottal stop can only occurs
+word-initial, which means it's omitted in compound word or if the word is
+affixed.
+
+## Other constraints
+
+The vowel /ɨ/ can only occur where the syllable constraint forbid it to
+disappears.  For example, <i>Rävna</i> is actually <i>Rävina</i>, but since
+<i>i</i> is unstressed, it disappears.  In contrast, in <i>Rävin</i>, it can't
+disappears since <i>*Rävn</i> would violate the constraint.
+
+Final consonants are devoiced, unless there is no voiceless equivalent for the
+consonant.  <i>Rävna</i> is pronounced [ˈrɛːfna] but <i>Rävin</i> is /ˈrɛːvɨn/
diff --git a/src/phonology/rom.md b/src/phonology/rom.md
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+# Romanization
+
+
diff --git a/src/writing/index.md b/src/writing/index.md
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+# Writing system