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author | Ngô Ngọc Đức Huy <huyngo@disroot.org> | 2021-10-28 17:37:23 +0700 |
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committer | Ngô Ngọc Đức Huy <huyngo@disroot.org> | 2021-10-28 17:37:23 +0700 |
commit | 137e99b0f73fdf034235f0bd48bace1df435dda0 (patch) | |
tree | 3c4e91f56606a30912898ff44bff98e9bad6e368 /src/phonology | |
download | ravna-137e99b0f73fdf034235f0bd48bace1df435dda0.tar.gz |
Initialize and write phonology stuff
Diffstat (limited to 'src/phonology')
-rw-r--r-- | src/phonology/index.md | 1 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/phonology/phonemes.md | 51 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/phonology/phonotactics.md | 19 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/phonology/rom.md | 3 |
4 files changed, 74 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/phonology/index.md b/src/phonology/index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..981a724 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/phonology/index.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# Phonology diff --git a/src/phonology/phonemes.md b/src/phonology/phonemes.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..67caf2b --- /dev/null +++ b/src/phonology/phonemes.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +# Phonemes + +## Consonants + +| | labial | alveolar | palatal | velar | glottal | +|-----------|--------|----------|---------|-------|---------| +| nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | | +| plosive | p b | t d | c | k g | ʔ | +| fricative | f v | s z | ç j | x | h | +| liquid | | l r | | | | + +Ravna consists of 22 standard consonants. + +- /t/, /d/, and /c/ are aspirated [tʰ], [dʰ], [cʰ] in Ravin dialect, but + unaspirated elsewhere +- /x/ can be realized as [χ] in some dialects +- /ç/ can be realized as [ʂ] in some rare dialects or by non-native speakers +- /s/ and /z/ is realized as [ʂ] and [ʐ] in Ravin dialect, but not others +- Some dialects don't have phoneme /ʔ/ +- In modern Ravna dialect that Ravin people speak, /l/ and /r/ are merged to [ɺ] +- /r/ can be either approximant [ɹ], tap [ɾ], or trill [r] in other dialects + +## Vowels + +| | front | central | back | +|--------|-------|---------|------| +| open | i | (ɨ) | u | +| mid | e ɛ | (ə) | o | +| closed | a | | ɔ | + +Ravna consists of 9 vowels. + +- /ə/ occurs as unstressed /e/ +- /ɨ/ occurs as unstressed /i/, which disappears when possible +- /a/ and /o/ have umlauts /ɛ/ and /u/ respectively + +## Stress + +Ravna is a stress-accent language with clear pitch accent patterns. + +If the word has 3 syllables or less: + +- The primary stress is on the first syllable. +- The low pitch is on the first syllable and the high pitch is on the last + syllable. All other syllables have low pitches. + +If the word has more than 3 syllables: + +- The primary stress is on the first syllable. +- The secondary stress is on the third syllable. +- The high pitches are on the stresses, and low pitches are on other syllable. diff --git a/src/phonology/phonotactics.md b/src/phonology/phonotactics.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d559967 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/phonology/phonotactics.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Phonotactics + +## Syllable structure + +The common syllable structure in Ravna is CV(C). + +The final consonants cannot be glottal. Glottal stop can only occurs +word-initial, which means it's omitted in compound word or if the word is +affixed. + +## Other constraints + +The vowel /ɨ/ can only occur where the syllable constraint forbid it to +disappears. For example, <i>Rävna</i> is actually <i>Rävina</i>, but since +<i>i</i> is unstressed, it disappears. In contrast, in <i>Rävin</i>, it can't +disappears since <i>*Rävn</i> would violate the constraint. + +Final consonants are devoiced, unless there is no voiceless equivalent for the +consonant. <i>Rävna</i> is pronounced [ˈrɛːfna] but <i>Rävin</i> is /ˈrɛːvɨn/ diff --git a/src/phonology/rom.md b/src/phonology/rom.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3c4be8 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/phonology/rom.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Romanization + + |