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| author | Ngô Ngọc Đức Huy <huyngo@disroot.org> | 2021-10-19 17:09:31 +0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Ngô Ngọc Đức Huy <huyngo@disroot.org> | 2021-10-19 17:09:31 +0700 |
| commit | 846b7b2d19a9ebb6c2b5c005ffbae73cfb6f4cea (patch) | |
| tree | d5f40b730ac3e956bffbd9275eff4590f579bb2f /src/haasdaiga | |
| parent | d94e088d654b4ee5e31a10edd54b13919aa2fe61 (diff) | |
| download | haasdaiga-846b7b2d19a9ebb6c2b5c005ffbae73cfb6f4cea.tar.gz | |
Make this repo about one language
Diffstat (limited to 'src/haasdaiga')
65 files changed, 3 insertions, 1875 deletions
diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/compile-dict.sh b/src/haasdaiga/compile-dict.sh deleted file mode 100755 index b6097d0..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/compile-dict.sh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -cat lexicon.dict.txt | sed "/^=/d" | sed -e '/./b' -e :n -e 'N;s/\n$//;tn' |\ - dictfmt -j --utf8 --utf8 \ - -s "Hàäsdáïga-English dictionary" \ - -u https://git.disroot.org/huyngo/conlang hdg-eng diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/constructions/comparison.md b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/comparison.md index 7256bfa..22ef7c7 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/constructions/comparison.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/comparison.md @@ -1,29 +1 @@ -# Adjectives and comparison - -## Adjectival verbs - -Some verbs play the function adjectives do in other languages. Such verbs -are called *adjectival verbs*. - -In the predicative form, it is used in the same way as other verb. - -> man-nom.mt.sg is_old-ind.prs.cnt -> *The man is old.* - -In the descriptive form, it is attached before the noun without any -conjugation. - -> is_old-man-nom.mt.sg catch-ind.pst.cnt fish-acc.wa.sg -> The old man caught the fish - -## Comparison - -Comparison is done via prefixing. - -### Comparative form - -The comparative form has prefix **jìs**. - -### Superlative form - -The superlative form has prefix **haät**. +# Adjectives and Comparison diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/constructions/index.md b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/index.md index cc646ef..bb2ee1f 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/constructions/index.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/index.md @@ -1,4 +1 @@ # Constructions - -This section concerns various syntactic constructions. We discuss both -conversational and magical constructions in parallel where relevance. diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/constructions/negation.md b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/negation.md index a4dfb76..3577397 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/constructions/negation.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/negation.md @@ -1,14 +1 @@ # Negation - -To negate a sentence, simply put the negative adverb in front of the verb. -For each sense of negativity, there is a separate word: - -- not: cèë -- not yet: niï -- never: chon - -Following are the opposite of them: - -- yes: daä -- already: voc -- always: réïn diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/constructions/question.md b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/question.md index 9b383ff..022f473 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/constructions/question.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/question.md @@ -1,14 +1 @@ # Question - -The preferred word orders are discussed in previous sections. Verbs must be -used in interrogative mood. - -One may have noticed in the Sentence order section that yes/no questions are -formed by adding a negative adverb at the end of the sentence. Here are two -examples with *niï* and *chon*: - -> -> *Have you ever been to the capital?* -> -> -> *Do you really never eat meat?* diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/constructions/sentence-order.md b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/sentence-order.md index 3ca9edc..5305a61 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/constructions/sentence-order.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/constructions/sentence-order.md @@ -1,38 +1 @@ # Sentence order - -In conversation, the sentence order is relatively loose: SVO, OSV, VSO, VOS, -SOV are all used. Particularly, they're preferred to be used like described -below: - -- SVO: when the subject is the topic of the sentence -- OSV: when the object is the topic of the sentence; it's also used as - equivalent for passive voice, which Hàäsdáïga does not have -- VSO: when the verb is the topic, or when the question is about the object -- VOS: when it's a question and it's about the subject -- SOV: when the object is a pronoun, especially a reflexive pronoun. - -Examples: - -> he-nom.ea.sg have-ind.prs.cnt many money-acc.mtl.pl -> *He has a lot of money.* -> -> die-RESULT-acc.wa.sg he-nom.fi.sg not fear-ind.prs.cnt -> *Death, he does not fear.* -> -> curse-int.pst.prf you-nom.wo.sg neck-wearing-acc.mtl.sg not? -> *Did you curse that necklace?* -> -> choose-int.fut.prf you-nom.wo.sg path-acc.ea.sg -> *Which path will you choose?* -> -> pay-int.fut.prf meal-money-acc.mtl.pl who.nom.sg -> *Who will pay for the meal?* -> -> I-nom.fi.sg you-acc.wa.sg love-ind.prs.cnt -> *I love you.* - -While casting magic, the sentence order is always SVO. Here is an example of -air shield spell, which is a very simple one: - -> air-nom.wa.pl flow-rit.prs.cnt.wa and protect-rit.prs.cnt.ea I-acc.wa.sg -> *The air shall flow around me and protect me.* diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/derivation.md b/src/haasdaiga/derivation.md index f144ba2..12b0d3d 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/derivation.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/derivation.md @@ -1,27 +1 @@ # Derivational Morphology - -## Nominalization - -In all following transformations, where a noun has unknown gender mark *-y*, -it is replaced with an ambiguous, idiomatic gender or the gender of a closest -noun that defines it. -In the former case, such words would be listed in the dictionary. - -| category | transformation | examples | -|----------|----------------|----------| -| action | -zy → -sy | chopzy (think) → chopsu (the act of thinking) | -| actor | -zy → -nersy | rypzy (teach) → rypnersy (teacher) | -| result | -zy → -mensy | chopzy (think) → chopmensu (thought), ghószy (draw) → ghósmense (drawing, picture) | -| diminutive| -sy → -zìssy | wuüpsi (dog) → wuüpzìssy (puppy), nùchsa (kid) → nùchzìssa (baby), lìmsi (human) → lìmzìssi (dwarf) | -| augmentative| -sy → gáchsy| lìmsi (human) → lìmgáchsi (giant) | - -## Verbalization - -| category | transformation | examples | -|----------|----------------|----------| -| reverse | V → réc-V | njizy (do) → récnjizy (undo)| -| do again | V → bàn-V | chopzy (think) → bànchopzy (rethink) | - -## Compounds - -TBD diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/dict2md.sh b/src/haasdaiga/dict2md.sh deleted file mode 100755 index 81f2867..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/dict2md.sh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Convert lexicon.dict.txt to better markdown - -cp lexicon.dict.txt lexicon.temp -sed "s/=/##/g" lexicon.temp > lexicon.tmp -mv lexicon.tmp lexicon.temp -sed "s/#*$//g" lexicon.temp > lexicon.tmp -mv lexicon.tmp lexicon.temp -sed "s/:/**/g" lexicon.temp > lexicon.tmp -mv lexicon.tmp lexicon.temp -{ cat lexicon.template.md ; cat lexicon.temp; } > lexicon.md; -rm lexicon.temp diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/example.md b/src/haasdaiga/example.md index 5dd4319..df635b4 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/example.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/example.md @@ -1,17 +1 @@ # Examples - -Here are some collections of sample: - -## Translations - -- [XKCD][xkcd] (webcomic) -- Schneewittchen (German fairy tale) -- Le Petit Prince (French novella) -- The Legend of Saint Gióng (Vietnamese legend) - -I would like to translate *A Game of Throne* prologue and some chapters in *The -Lord of the Rings* as well, but since they're not yet in public domain and they -are not published under a free license (e.g. Creative Commons), I would avoid -them for legal reasons, even though such use might be considered as fair use. - -[xkcd]: https://git.disroot.org/huyngo/haasdaiga-xkcd diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/a.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/a.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 1b2965c..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/a.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M0 0h100l300 685l300 -685h100l-350 800h-100z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/b.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/b.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 2f4c073..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/b.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M800 800h-100v-725h-700v-75h618h182v104v696z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/c.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/c.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 98a033c..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/c.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M0 800h100v-725h700v-75h-618h-182v104v696z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/ch.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/ch.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 6590658..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/ch.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M400 400v-64h400v64h-400zM0 800h100v-725h700v-75h-618h-182v104v696z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/colon.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/colon.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 287dbdc..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/colon.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M800 450h-800v-103l800 3v100zM452 800v-100l297.975 -300l-297.975 -300v-100l348 350v100z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/comma.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/comma.svg deleted file mode 100644 index e46ddde..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/comma.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="-10 0 810 1000"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M362 399h64v-400h-64v400z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/d.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/d.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 9128c65..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/d.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M0 800v-64h356v-734h94v734h350v64h-350h-94h-356z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/e.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/e.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 2a37ac7..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/e.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M0 450v-64h800v64h-800z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/exclam.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/exclam.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 5370522..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/exclam.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="-10 0 810 1000"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M337 515c0 -40 32 -72 72 -72s72 32 72 72s-32 72 -72 72s-72 -32 -72 -72zM502 266c0 -40 32 -72 72 -72s72 32 72 72s-32 72 -72 72s-72 -32 -72 -72zM175 263c0 -40 32 -72 72 -72s72 32 72 72s-32 72 -72 72s-72 -32 -72 -72z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/f.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/f.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 3ca14c6..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/f.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="-13 0 823 1000"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M706 -3h94v389v64v345h-94v-345h-256v350h-94v-350h-262.466l-2.53418 348h-94l3 -412h94h262v-384h94v384h256v-389z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/falling.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/falling.svg deleted file mode 100644 index de70316..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/falling.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M350 800v-800h103l-3 800h-100zM0 452h100l300 297.975l300 -297.975h100l-350 348h-100z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/g.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/g.svg deleted file mode 100644 index f745553..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/g.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M0 800v-800h800v75h-502v725h-94v-725h-104v725h-100z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/gh.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/gh.svg deleted file mode 100644 index e0e83c7..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/gh.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M298 399v-64l502 1v64zM0 800v-800h800v75h-502v725h-94v-725h-104v725h-100z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/glottal.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/glottal.svg deleted file mode 100644 index fe538fb..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/glottal.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="-10 0 810 1000"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M356 0h94v798h-94v-798zM356 0h94v798h-94v-798zM0 403v-64l356 -1v64z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/h.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/h.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 7409c7c..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/h.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M400 400v-64h400v64h-400zM0 64v-64h800v64h-800z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/i.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/i.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 056fd2a..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/i.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="-10 0 810 1000"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M356 0h94v798h-94v-798zM356 0h94v798h-94v-798z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/j.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/j.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 1a1b9ab..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/j.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M400 800l-400 -736h78l400 736h-78zM0 64v-64h800v64h-800z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/l.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/l.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 24e8ca1..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/l.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M486 612c0 -90 -43 -163 -96 -163s-96 73 -96 163s43 163 96 163s96 -73 96 -163zM208 615c0 -102 88 -230 181 -230s181 132 181 234s-88 181 -181 181s-181 -83 -181 -185zM0 450v-64h800v64h-800z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/long.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/long.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 4396b94..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/long.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M0 450v-64h800v64h-800zM0 274v-64h800v64h-800z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/m.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/m.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 814b212..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/m.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M0 450v-64h800v64h-140.464l-2.53613 350h-552l2.53613 -350h-107.536zM591.622 450h-430.811l-0.811523 275h430z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/n.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/n.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 568a833..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/n.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M0 0v64h356v736h94v-736h350v-64h-350h-94h-356z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/ng.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/ng.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 7a22f17..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/ng.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - 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<path fill="currentColor" -d="M0 800h100l300 -685l300 685h100l-350 -800h-100z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/p.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/p.svg deleted file mode 100644 index f3ad21d..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/p.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M0 800v-725h108v725h-108zM800 800h-100v-725h-700v-75h618h182v104v696z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/parenleft.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/parenleft.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 81be179..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/parenleft.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="-10 0 810 1000"> - 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<path fill="currentColor" -d="M0 0v100l417 282l-417 318v100l584 -417z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/question.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/question.svg deleted file mode 100644 index e1f26cb..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/question.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="-10 0 810 1000"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M287 178c14.3174 -34.8789 40.9805 -64.0928 73 -84c26.041 -16.1895 55.8076 -26.4932 86.3477 -29.2344c30.54 -2.74219 61.8213 2.36328 89.6523 15.2344c44.416 20.542 78.0312 60.3232 98 105c30.8125 68.9395 34.4619 147.514 25.0693 222.439 -c-9.39258 74.9248 -32.748 148.715 -73.0693 212.561c-25.7979 40.8486 -58.9473 77.4072 -98.9404 104.513c-39.9932 27.1045 -87.043 44.4697 -135.31 46.583c-48.2676 2.11426 -97.5146 -11.5459 -136.257 -40.4111s-66.1504 -72.9326 -73.4932 -120.685 -c-4.74219 -30.8389 -1.27344 -62.9072 10 -92c-1.59961 29.4561 5.80664 59.3359 20.9502 84.6514c15.1445 25.3164 37.9434 45.9395 64.5352 58.7109s56.8037 17.6602 86.1484 14.6367c29.3438 -3.02344 57.6807 -13.8486 82.3662 -29.999 -c37.0488 -24.2383 65.5381 -59.8125 87.5879 -98.2041c22.0508 -38.3916 38.7568 -79.6816 52.4121 -121.796c14.2988 -44.0996 25.417 -89.9824 23.9111 -136.317c-0.753906 -23.168 -4.89551 -46.3564 -13.6963 -67.8008 -c-8.80176 -21.4434 -22.3799 -41.0762 -40.2148 -55.8818c-20.0811 -16.6699 -45.5996 -26.9268 -71.6846 -27.7715c-26.085 -0.845703 -52.4229 7.83301 -72.7041 24.2598s-34.2695 40.4082 -38.6816 66.1318s0.740234 52.9414 14.0703 75.3799 -c11.3896 19.1719 28.6191 34.8115 48.7764 44.3496s43.168 12.9395 65.2236 9.65039c-24.4727 11.3662 -52.5674 14.7627 -79.0479 9.5791c-26.4814 -5.18457 -51.1934 -18.916 -69.7021 -38.5508c-18.5088 -19.6357 -30.7236 -45.0283 -34.957 -71.6777 -c-4.23438 -26.6494 -0.539062 -54.3877 9.70703 -79.3506z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/r.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/r.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 50bd3b9..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/r.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - 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<path fill="currentColor" -d="M108 75v661h592v-661h-592zM0 75v-75h618h182v104v632v64h-100h-592h-108v-64v-661z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/t.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/t.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 22117b3..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/t.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M0 2v800h800v-75h-400v-725h-94v725h-206v-725h-100z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/u.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/u.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 72147ee..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/u.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M140 406c0 183 118 332 264 332s264 -149 264 -332s-118 -332 -264 -332s-264 149 -264 332zM0 400c0 -221 179 -400 400 -400s400 179 400 400s-179 400 -400 400s-400 -179 -400 -400z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/v.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/v.svg deleted file mode 100644 index b5bdc24..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/v.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M0 386zM0 450v-64h356v-384h94v384h256v-389h94v389v64v345h-94v-345h-256v350h-94v-350h-356z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/w.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/w.svg deleted file mode 100644 index 2f47042..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/w.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M356 0h94v798h-94v-798zM0 358v-64h800v64h-800zM0 549v-64h800v64h-800z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/z.svg b/src/haasdaiga/fonts/z.svg deleted file mode 100644 index a2a63a3..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/fonts/z.svg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> -<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" > -<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 800 800"> - <path fill="currentColor" -d="M0 75zM0 800v-64h700v-661h-700v-75h618h182v104v632v64h-100h-700z" /> -</svg> diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/glyph.png b/src/haasdaiga/glyph.png deleted file mode 100644 index a377484..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/glyph.png +++ /dev/null Binary files differdiff --git a/src/haasdaiga/index.md b/src/haasdaiga/index.md deleted file mode 100644 index 01fc17f..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/index.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -# Hàäsdáïga - -## In-world background - -Hàäsdáïga is a dead language spoken by ancient people in Gaïdaäna. -In the day, there was only one language in the continent, shared by people from -five peoples: *Wood* farmers, *Fire* hunters, *Earth* monks, *Metal* smiths and -*Water* seafarers. They embraced the philosophy and that reflected in their -languages. They not only used the language to communicate, but also to define -a method with which they could control these five natural forces. - -Later, as these peoples mixed up, their ability to harness these five natural -forces strengthened for some and weakened for the others. Most notably, the -*Metal* and *Water* people lost almost all of this power, and only a minority -could still use it. Science and trade thus became their main strength. On the -other hand, *Fire* and *Wood* people could control it so well, they no longer -needed the language to guide their power. *Earth* monks were the most pure -with this power, but chose to distance themselves from others' affairs. -Naturally, the language was divided into five different languages (and two -pidgins) and the old way of using natural force was forgotten. - -Incidentally, *Arrow*, the son of *Blade* and *Pearl*[^1], re-invented the way. -Born as a child of a Metal mage warrior and a magicless aristocrat in a -science-oriented society, he learned to use one heritage to support the other. -He tried to reconstruct the ancient language and defined a way to use it to combine -his magic ability. Independently, *Iceberg*[^1] also discovered it by reading -old text he was lucky to find - -We are interested in the linguistic features of this language as well as its magical -structure. In this book we discuss both of them. - -[^1]: These names are temporary, but they carry the meaning of their future names. diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.dict.txt b/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.dict.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 82a4823..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.dict.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,398 +0,0 @@ -= A = - -:aäratse: - 1. (n.) ash - -= B = -===== - -:bansy: - 1. (pron.) someone - 2. (pron., interrogative), who - -:bissy: - 1. (n.) man - -:bochzo: - 1. (n.) repair - -= C = -===== - -:càhánza: - 1. (v.) give - -:càïzo: - 1. (v.) can - -:cèë: - 1. (interjection) no - 2. (adv.) not - -:chaäswúze: - 1. (v.) to award, to give a prize - -:chát: - 1. (pp.) with - -:chech: - 1. (conj.) but - -:chon: - 1. (adv.) never - -:chónso: - 1. (n.) machine - -:chopmensu: - 1. (n.) thought - -:chopzu: - 1. (v.) think - -:chỳc: - 1. (pp.) near - -:cicso: - 1. (n.) angle - -:cong: - 1. (pp.) opposite of - -:connyzo: - 1. (v.) know (personal) - -:cotsy: - 1. (pron.) somehow - 2. (pron., interrogative) how - -= D = -===== - -:dácza: - 1. (v.) search for - 2. (v.) find - -:daä: - 1. (interjection) yes - 2. (adv.) an emphasizing particle - -:daüza: - 1. (v.) make, create - -:daïnèza: - 1: (v.) help - -:dàm: - 1. (pp.) beyond - -:daänrása: - 1. (n) plant - 2. (n.) tree - -:dún: - 1. (pp.) up - -:dúnjgaso: - 1. (n.) prize - -:dy: - 1. (particle) that (subordinate particle, `<sub>`) - -= F = -===== - -:fá: - 1. (pp.) across, through - -:fènvynsỳ: - 1. (pron., dual, exclusive) we - -:fènsy: - 1. (pron.) I - -:fènvynsỳ: - 1. (pron., dual, inclusive) we - -= G = -===== - -:gaiza: - 1. (v.) start, begin - -:ghósmense: - 1. (n.) drawing, picture - -:ghósze: - 1. (v.) draw - -:gonsi: - 1. (n.) rock, stone - -:gòngze: - 1. (v.) look - -= H = -===== - -:hipsy: - 1. (pron.) somewhen - 2. (pron., interrogative) when - -= J = -===== - -:jaächdynsỳ: - 1. (pron., several, inclusive) we - -:jaächsỳ: - 1. (pron., several, exclusive) we - -:jannase: - 1. (n.) name - -:jinsi: - 1. (n.) day (the time for the planet to complete a rotation) - 2. (n.) date - -:jím: - 1. (pp.) under, below - -:jos: - 1. (pp.) inside - -= L = -===== - -:leë'chanzo: - 1. (v.) calculate - -:lìmsi: - 1. (n.) human - 2. (n.) person - -:lìmgáchsi: - 1. (n.) giant - -:lìmzìssi: - 1. (n.) dwarf - -:lòn: - 1. (pp.) down - -:long: - 1. (pp.) between - -:lúccynsỳ: - 1. (pron., dual) you - -:lúcsy: - 1. (pron., singular) thou - -= M = -===== - -:meëráze: - 1. (v.) love (personal) - -:mèng: - 1. (pp.) in front of - -:mochso: - 1. (n.) net - -:músnech: - 1. (pp.) after - -:mỳfgháä: - 1. (pp.) before - -:mỳsu: - 1. (n.) glass - -= N = -===== - -:naändèsi: - 1. (n.) world - -:néëcsỳ: - 1. (pron., several) you - -:ngèëse: - 1. (n.) day (as opposed to night) - -:ngeënsý: - 1. (pron., plural) you - -:ngỳch: - 1. (pp.) above - -:nìchzi: - 1. (v.) buy - -:niï: - 1. (adv.) not yet - -:njésy: - 1. (n.) woman - -:njizi: - 1. (v.) do - -:njongù: - 1. (pp.) during - -:nùchsa: - 1. (n.) kid, child - -:nùchzìssa: - 1. (n.) baby - -:nunjsu: - 1. (n.) night - -= P = -===== - -:pam: - 1. (pp.) over - -:panatzo: - 1. (v.) to gift, to give something as a present - 2. (v.) to dedicate (to the public) - 3. (v.) to dedicate (to someone, in an art work) - -:púüriza: - 1. to be born - -= R = -===== - -:raäse: - 1. (n.) fire - -:rèëchdynsý: - 1. (pron.) we (plural, inclusive) - -:rèëchsý: - 1. (pron.) we (plural, inclusive) - -:réïn: - 1. (adv.) always, forever - -:ringyso: - 1. (n.) vehicle - -:rung: - 1. (pp.) outside - -:rypnersy: - 1. (n.) teacher - -:rypzi: - 1. (v.) teach - -= S = -===== - -:saändasi: - 1. (n.) city - -:sànj: - 1. (pp.) without - -:sechse: - 1. (n.) gift - -:sés: - 1. (pp.) until - -:siïvỳlmensa: - 1. (n.) life - -:siïvỳlza: - 1. (v.) live - -:siïpzu: - 1. (v.) send - -:synza: - 1. (v.) be new, be young (age) - -:súngsa: - 1. (n.) book - -= T = -===== - -:tèf: - 1. (pp.) behind - -:tèndynsỳ: - 1. (pron., dual) they - -:tènsy: - 1. (pron.) ze (singular third person pronoun) - -:téërense: - 1. (n.) star - -= V = -===== - -:valusa: - 1. (n.) number - -:vamzi: - 1. (v.) stay - -:váp: - 1. (pp.) to - -:vàtsy: - 1. (pron.) somewhere - 2. (pron., interrogative) where - -:vifzi: - 1. (v.) stand - -:voözi: - 1. (v.) be located at (for immobile objects like cities, mountains) - -:voc: - 1. (adv.) already - -:voïczu: - 1. (v.) become - -:vungze: - 1. (v.) happen - -= W = -===== - -:wítzi: - 1. (v.) be (copula) - -:wócsi: - 1. (n.) shop, store, market - -:wuüpsi: - 1. (n.) dog - -:wuüpzìssi: - 1. (n.) puppy - -= Z = -===== - -:zápmỳso: - 1. (n.) mirror - -:zápzu: - 1. (v.) reflect - -:zaätza: - 1. (v.) to say - 2. (v.) to speak diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.md b/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.md index 2209071..80d86bd 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.md @@ -1,412 +1 @@ # Lexicon - -Below are the list of words in the lexicon. They're translated form Hàäsdáïga -to English. - -Abbreviations: - -| abbreviation | meaning | -|--------------|-------------| -| adv. | adverb | -| n. | noun | -| v. | verb | -| pp. | postposition| -| pron. | pronoun | -## A - -**aäratse** - 1. (n.) ash - -## B - - -**bansy** - 1. (pron.) someone - 2. (pron., interrogative), who - -**bissy** - 1. (n.) man - -**bochzo** - 1. (n.) repair - -## C - - -**càhánza** - 1. (v.) give - -**càïzo** - 1. (v.) can - -**cèë** - 1. (interjection) no - 2. (adv.) not - -**chaäswúze** - 1. (v.) to award, to give a prize - -**chát** - 1. (pp.) with - -**chech** - 1. (conj.) but - -**chon** - 1. (adv.) never - -**chónso** - 1. (n.) machine - -**chopmensu** - 1. (n.) thought - -**chopzu** - 1. (v.) think - -**chỳc** - 1. (pp.) near - -**cicso** - 1. (n.) angle - -**cong** - 1. (pp.) opposite of - -**connyzo** - 1. (v.) know (personal) - -**cotsy** - 1. (pron.) somehow - 2. (pron., interrogative) how - -## D - - -**dácza** - 1. (v.) search for - 2. (v.) find - -**daä** - 1. (interjection) yes - 2. (adv.) an emphasizing particle - -**daüza** - 1. (v.) make, create - -**daïnèza** - 1** (v.) help - -**dàm** - 1. (pp.) beyond - -**daänrása** - 1. (n) plant - 2. (n.) tree - -**dún** - 1. (pp.) up - -**dúnjgaso** - 1. (n.) prize - -**dy** - 1. (particle) that (subordinate particle, `<sub>`) - -## F - - -**fá** - 1. (pp.) across, through - -**fènvynsỳ** - 1. (pron., dual, exclusive) we - -**fènsy** - 1. (pron.) I - -**fènvynsỳ** - 1. (pron., dual, inclusive) we - -## G - - -**gaiza** - 1. (v.) start, begin - -**ghósmense** - 1. (n.) drawing, picture - -**ghósze** - 1. (v.) draw - -**gonsi** - 1. (n.) rock, stone - -**gòngze** - 1. (v.) look - -## H - - -**hipsy** - 1. (pron.) somewhen - 2. (pron., interrogative) when - -## J - - -**jaächdynsỳ** - 1. (pron., several, inclusive) we - -**jaächsỳ** - 1. (pron., several, exclusive) we - -**jannase** - 1. (n.) name - -**jinsi** - 1. (n.) day (the time for the planet to complete a rotation) - 2. (n.) date - -**jím** - 1. (pp.) under, below - -**jos** - 1. (pp.) inside - -## L - - -**leë'chanzo** - 1. (v.) calculate - -**lìmsi** - 1. (n.) human - 2. (n.) person - -**lìmgáchsi** - 1. (n.) giant - -**lìmzìssi** - 1. (n.) dwarf - -**lòn** - 1. (pp.) down - -**long** - 1. (pp.) between - -**lúccynsỳ** - 1. (pron., dual) you - -**lúcsy** - 1. (pron., singular) thou - -## M - - -**meëráze** - 1. (v.) love (personal) - -**mèng** - 1. (pp.) in front of - -**mochso** - 1. (n.) net - -**músnech** - 1. (pp.) after - -**mỳfgháä** - 1. (pp.) before - -**mỳsu** - 1. (n.) glass - -## N - - -**naändèsi** - 1. (n.) world - -**néëcsỳ** - 1. (pron., several) you - -**ngèëse** - 1. (n.) day (as opposed to night) - -**ngeënsý** - 1. (pron., plural) you - -**ngỳch** - 1. (pp.) above - -**nìchzi** - 1. (v.) buy - -**niï** - 1. (adv.) not yet - -**njésy** - 1. (n.) woman - -**njizi** - 1. (v.) do - -**njongù** - 1. (pp.) during - -**nùchsa** - 1. (n.) kid, child - -**nùchzìssa** - 1. (n.) baby - -**nunjsu** - 1. (n.) night - -## P - - -**pam** - 1. (pp.) over - -**panatzo** - 1. (v.) to gift, to give something as a present - 2. (v.) to dedicate (to the public) - 3. (v.) to dedicate (to someone, in an art work) - -**púüriza** - 1. to be born - -## R - - -**raäse** - 1. (n.) fire - -**rèëchdynsý** - 1. (pron.) we (plural, inclusive) - -**rèëchsý** - 1. (pron.) we (plural, inclusive) - -**réïn** - 1. (adv.) always, forever - -**ringyso** - 1. (n.) vehicle - -**rung** - 1. (pp.) outside - -**rypnersy** - 1. (n.) teacher - -**rypzi** - 1. (v.) teach - -## S - - -**saändasi** - 1. (n.) city - -**sànj** - 1. (pp.) without - -**sechse** - 1. (n.) gift - -**sés** - 1. (pp.) until - -**siïvỳlmensa** - 1. (n.) life - -**siïvỳlza** - 1. (v.) live - -**siïpzu** - 1. (v.) send - -**synza** - 1. (v.) be new, be young (age) - -**súngsa** - 1. (n.) book - -## T - - -**tèf** - 1. (pp.) behind - -**tèndynsỳ** - 1. (pron., dual) they - -**tènsy** - 1. (pron.) ze (singular third person pronoun) - -**téërense** - 1. (n.) star - -## V - - -**valusa** - 1. (n.) number - -**vamzi** - 1. (v.) stay - -**váp** - 1. (pp.) to - -**vàtsy** - 1. (pron.) somewhere - 2. (pron., interrogative) where - -**vifzi** - 1. (v.) stand - -**voözi** - 1. (v.) be located at (for immobile objects like cities, mountains) - -**voc** - 1. (adv.) already - -**voïczu** - 1. (v.) become - -**vungze** - 1. (v.) happen - -## W - - -**wítzi** - 1. (v.) be (copula) - -**wócsi** - 1. (n.) shop, store, market - -**wuüpsi** - 1. (n.) dog - -**wuüpzìssi** - 1. (n.) puppy - -## Z - - -**zápmỳso** - 1. (n.) mirror - -**zápzu** - 1. (v.) reflect - -**zaätza** - 1. (v.) to say - 2. (v.) to speak diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.template.md b/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.template.md deleted file mode 100644 index fbe60ea..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/lexicon.template.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -# Lexicon - -Below are the list of words in the lexicon. They're translated form Hàäsdáïga -to English. - -Abbreviations: - -| abbreviation | meaning | -|--------------|-------------| -| adv. | adverb | -| n. | noun | -| v. | verb | -| pp. | postposition| -| pron. | pronoun | diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/morphology/index.md b/src/haasdaiga/morphology/index.md index 4e4debe..96445be 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/morphology/index.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/morphology/index.md @@ -1,4 +1 @@ # Morphology - -This section concerns which forms exist for each category and not how to use them. -That will be covered in the section [Parts of Speech](../pos/index.md). diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/morphology/nominal.md b/src/haasdaiga/morphology/nominal.md index c26f25e..2a21534 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/morphology/nominal.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/morphology/nominal.md @@ -1,36 +1 @@ -## Nominal - -Nominal declension is based on case, gender, and number, in order. Each -parameter is indicated by a phoneme, respectively consonant, vowel, and tone, -effectively forming a syllable. - -### Case - -There are five cases: - -- **nom** nominative: s -- **acc** accusative: n -- **abl** ablative: t -- **dat** dative: d -- **gen** genitive: c - -There is also vocative case, which is unmarked, but this is rarely used. - -### Gender - -There are five genders, named after five phases in wǔxíng: - -- **wo** wood: a -- **fi** fire: e -- **ea** earth: i -- **mt** metal: o -- **wa** water: u -- unknown/mixed: y - -### Number - -There are three numbers: - -- **sg** singular: level tone -- **sv** several: falling tone -- **pl** plural: rising tone +# Nominal diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/morphology/verbal.md b/src/haasdaiga/morphology/verbal.md index c619960..d1c4dc3 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/morphology/verbal.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/morphology/verbal.md @@ -1,36 +1 @@ -## Verbal - -Verbal conjugation are decided by mood, tense, and aspect. -Infinitive verbs all have the ending -zy, which is changed by conjugation. -They are respectively indicated by a vowel, a tone, and a consonant. - -### Mood - -There are five moods: - -- **ind** indicative: a -- **rit** ritual: e -- **int** interrogative: i -- **imp** imperative: o -- **sub** subjunctive: u - -### Tense - -- **pst** past: falling -- **prs** present: level -- **fut** future: rising - -### Aspect - -- **hab** habitual: j -- **cnt** continuous: r -- **prf** perfective: unmarked - -### Gender - -In the ritual mood, another vowel representing verb's gender is added after the -aspect consonant. The vowel is the same as for nominal gender. -Note that it is not uncommon to use ritual mood without gender, such as when -insulting. - -The dictionary form shows this gender even though it is not in ritual mood. +# Verbal diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/phonology.md b/src/haasdaiga/phonology.md index 0685e21..981a724 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/phonology.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/phonology.md @@ -1,79 +1 @@ # Phonology - -<!-- toc --> - -## Consonants - -Main consonants are listed in the table below: - -| | labial | alveolar | palatal | uvular | glottal | -|---------------|--------|----------|---------|-----------|---------| -| **nasal** | m | n | ɲ (*nj*) | ŋ (*n*, *ng*) | | -| **plosive** | p b | t d | | k (*c*) ɡ (*g*) | ʔ | -| **fricative** | f v | s z | | x (*ch*) ɣ (*gh*) | h | -| **sonorant** | w | r l | j | | | - -Notes: - -- *n* is pronounced as /ŋ/ only if it is followed by another consonant -- The glottal stop /ʔ/ is not written. It's implied when a syllable does not - have other consonants (similar to Vietnamese). -- *nj* is pronounced as /ɲ/ even when the two letters are from different words. - The sames go for other digraphs (ng, ch, gh). There is therefore no - ambiguous way of pronouncing a word given a romanization. -- Some dialects may pronounce *s*, *z* as - -## Vowels - -| | front | centre | back | -|-------|-------|--------|------| -| open | i | | u | -| mid | e | ə (*y*)| o | -| close | a | | | - -Note: the schwa sound /ə/ is not written in the native script. However, for -ease of writing on computer, it is romanized as y. Both kýn and ḱn are -acceptable as the romanization for the same syllable. This document is in -favor of using explicit form instead of implicit form. - -### Diphthongs and long vowels - -Long vowels are written as duplicated vowels, with the second character having -a diaresis (for example *aä* is pronounced /aː/). For vowels whose -romanizations contain two characters, the later vowel is duplicated (for -example, long version of *aë* is *aëë*) - -Diphthongs are written similarly. They're listed below: - -- aï /aɪ/ -- aü /aʊ/ -- eï /eɪ/ -- oï /oɪ/ -- uï /uɪ/ - -## Tones - -There are three tones in Hàäsdáïga: - -- level tone (a) /˧˧/ -- rising tone (á) /˧˥/ -- falling tone (à) /˥˩/ - -## Phonotactics - -Syllables in Hàäsdáïga have a simple structure: **CVT(C)** - -The final consonants can't be sonorants, /h/, /ʔ/, and voiced vowels if they -have voiceless equivalents. Other than that, there isn't any constraints. - -There are thus: - -\\( 22 × (6 × 2 + 6 ) × 3 × 11 = 18876 \\) (possible syllables) - -Note: These numbers mean: - -- 22 consonants -- 6 vowels and their long version -- 6 diphthongs -- 3 tones -- 10 final consonants diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/pos/index.md b/src/haasdaiga/pos/index.md index 51c05d0..3950f09 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/pos/index.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/pos/index.md @@ -1,13 +1 @@ # Parts of Speech - -This section concerns the main parts of speech and how they are used. -Note that it does not discuss how they are ordered, which is the content of [Syntax]. - -In this section as well as [Syntax], there will be glosses, indicating how the -sentences are constructed. - -They are written as quotes, in following order: - -- Romanization (in bold) -- Gloss -- English translation (in italic) diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/pos/noun.md b/src/haasdaiga/pos/noun.md index 2c936ce..2ee7f4b 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/pos/noun.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/pos/noun.md @@ -1,87 +1 @@ # Noun - -## Cases - -### Nominative - -The nominative is used for the subject of a sentence and for vocative. - -It is also used as predicative for some verbs: - -- wítzy (be) -- voïczy (become) - -TODO: add examples - -### Accusative - -Accusative case is used for direct object. - -TODO: add examples - -### Ablative - -Ablative case is used to express the motion away from something - -TODO: add examples - -### Dative - -Dative case is used to express the motion to a location, or being at the -location (locative). The meaning is determined by whether the verb takes -object or not. - -TODO: add examples - -### Genitive - -Genitive case is used to express possession or relation. - -> **cibansy wítar súngsa fènci** -> this-nom.sg be.ind.prs.cnt book-nom.wo.sg I-gen.ea.sg -> *This is my book.* -> -> **cisúngsa wítar fènci** -> this-book-nom.wo.sg be.ind.prs.cnt I-gen.ea.sg -> *This book is mine.* - -*Relations* also include relations constructed by postposition. - -> **tènze vamá fèncu chát** -> he-nom.fi.sg stay-ind.fut.prf I-gen.wa.sg with -> *He will stay with me.* -> -> **vifar bissy wócci mèng** -> stand-ind.prs.cnt man-nom.sg shop-gen.ea.sg (in front of) -> *There is a man standing in front of the shop.* - -Genitive is also used for family name, which is placed before the given name. - -## Gender - -### Individuals - -Nouns' gender are arbitrarily assigned, based on the philosophy. -Generally, it is quite intuitive, for example, (tree), (seed), (wood) are wood. -However, there are some cases it is unclear, like (liver) being wood, and even -counter-intuitive, like (flower) being fire. -This is because liver is is controlled by wood in the philosophy, -and flower represents the outburst state which matches more with fire. - -For people, gender is determined by their date of birth (people born in wood -months are wood). For people who can use magic, their magic affinity is their -gender. - -### Mixed groups - -The gender of a group of objects with different genders is determined by the *majority* -group. The majority group is defined as the group with: - -- more than half of the group -- has more than 10 members, if any other group has more than one member. - -## Number - -- singular: zero or one -- several: two to ten, inclusive -- plural: more than ten diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/pos/num.md b/src/haasdaiga/pos/num.md index 305247b..dbeb0fb 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/pos/num.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/pos/num.md @@ -1,33 +1 @@ # Numerals - -| number | cardinal | -|--------|----------| -| 0 | zỳ | -| 1 | jyng | -| 2 | lèn | -| 3 | tys | -| 4 | ngúf | -| 5 | ngit | -| 6 | ghaf | -| 7 | bet | -| 8 | geng | -| 9 | rìch | -| 10 | nonj | -| 100 | ghèp | -| 1000 | lùng | -| 10000 | bif | - -Constructing numbers: - -- 14 = 10 + 4 : nonjngúf -- 143 = 100 + 4 × 10 + 3 : ghèpngúfnonjtys -- 2021 = 2 × 1000 + 0 × 100 + 2 × 10 + 1 : lènlùngzỳghèplènnonjjyng -- 1000000 = 100 × 10000 : ghèpbif - -To construct ordinals, add -se to the number - -21st: lènnonjjyng - -To construct fractions, use it as a wood-gendered noun in genitive case. - -a half: jyng lènca diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/pos/pp.md b/src/haasdaiga/pos/pp.md index 1d6c06f..a7e1845 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/pos/pp.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/pos/pp.md @@ -1,48 +1 @@ # Postposition - -This section list an exhaustive list of postpositions. - -## Location - -| Hàëdáäiga | English | -|-----------|----------| -| jos | inside | -| rung | outside | -| mèng | in front of| -| tèf | behind | -| long | between | -| jím | under, below| -| ngỳch | above | -| dún | up | -| lòn | down | -| váp | next to | -| chỳc | near | -| fá | across, through| -| cong | opposite of | -| dàm | beyond | -| pam | over | - -## Time - -| Hàëdáäiga | English | -|-----------|----------| -| músnech | after | -| mỳfgháä | before | -| sés | until | -| njongù | during | - -## Other - -| Hàëdáäiga | English | -|-----------|---------| -| chát | with | -| sànj | without | -| janj | in order to | - -# Conjunction - - -| Hàëdáäiga | English | -|-----------|---------| -| chech | but | -| nòör | and | diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/pos/pronoun.md b/src/haasdaiga/pos/pronoun.md index da976a8..79e4998 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/pos/pronoun.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/pos/pronoun.md @@ -1,101 +1 @@ # Pronoun - -Pronouns are nominal anaphora, that is, short words that are used to refer to a -noun or a noun phrase. Pronouns usually have nominal morphology, though not -strictly. Pronoun is a closed class. - -## Personal pronouns - -There are 15 personal pronouns in total. Dual pronouns and 1st person -inclusive pronouns are in fact formed by compounding others. - -| person | singular | dual | several | plural | -|--------|----------|----------|---------|----------| -| 1st | fènsy | fènvynsỳ | jaächsỳ | rèëchsý | -| 1st (inclusive) | | fèndynsỳ | jaächdynsỳ | rèëchdynsý | -| 2nd | tènsy | tèndynsỳ | néëcsỳ | ngeënsý | -| 3rd | lúcsy | lúccynsỳ | bóönsỳ | waanjsý | - -### Reflexive - -Reflexive pronouns occur as clitic. They are formed by removing the gender -vowel and number tone from corresponding personal pronoun. - -> **fènsu fèngòngàr zápmỳfo** -> I-nom.wo.sg I-acc-look-ind.pst.cnt mirror-dat.mt.sg -> *I was looking at myself in the mirror.* - -It also works for indirect object: - -> **tènsa tènfnìchá púürijinsechne** -> he-nom.wo.sg he-dat-buy-ind.fut.prf birthday-gift-acc.fi.sg -> *He'll just buy himself a birthday gift.* - -There is a difference between reflexive and reciprocal for plural pronouns. - -> **lúccynsỳ lúcnmeërá'ar** -> you-nom.dual you-acc.sg-love-ind.prs.cnt -> *You love yourselves* -> -> **lúccynsỳ lúccyǹmeërá'ar** -> you-nom.dual you-acc.dual-love-ind.prs.cnt -> *You love each other.* - -Note: there is also a idiomatic use of reflexive pronouns: - -> **fènsu fèncwítar** -> I-nom.wa.sg I-gen-be.ind.prs.cnt -> *I am alone.* -> -> **fènsu fèncbochar ringyno** -> I-nom.wa.sg I-gen-repair.ind.pst.prf vehicle-acc.mt.sg -> *I fixed the car myself.* - -## Indefinite pronouns - -These are indefinite pronouns in Hàäsdáïga: - -- hipsy: somewhen -- vàtsy: somewhere -- cotsy: somehow -- bansy: someone -- wón: which - -Construction of other [pro-forms][pro-forms] are totally regular: - -- It is interrogative when its verb is in interrogative mood. -- Its proximity is determined by a determiner prefix: *ci* (this) *la* (that) -- So are *any*, *all/every*, *other*, with *zòt*, *rýnj*, *púch*, respectively. -- Negative forms are formed by negating the "all/every" form. See [Negation]. -- The equivalent relative pronouns is unchanged. - -[pro-forms]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-form - -Examples: - -TODO: add glosses - -> **vungà las hipfy** -> happen-ind.pst.prf that-nom somewhen-dat -> *It happened at some point*. -> -> **saändasi Aäratraäce voö'ir vàtfy** -> city-nom.ea.sg ember-gen.fi be_located_at-int.prs.cnt somewhere-dat -> *Where is Ember city?* -> -> **wónjannane lúcfi càhánì** -> which-name-acc.fi.sg you-dat.ea.sg give-int.pst.prf -> *What is your name?* -> -> **vifi bansy civàtfy** -> stand-int.prs.cnt someone-nom.sg this-somewhere-dat -> *Is there anyone here?* -> -> **rýnjbansý càï'ar njizy lan** -> every-someone-nom.pl can-ind.prs.cnt do that-acc -> *Everyone can do that.* -> -> **dy njéna bansa lúcna daïnè'à, connar fènsu** -> `<sub>` woman-acc.wo.sg who.nom you-acc.wo.sg help-ind.pst.prf, -> know-ind.prs.cnt I-nom.wa.sg -> *I know the woman who helped you.* diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/pos/verb.md b/src/haasdaiga/pos/verb.md index 818043f..cc3eecb 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/pos/verb.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/pos/verb.md @@ -1,49 +1 @@ # Verb - -## Tense - -There are 3 tenses: past, present, and future. They are used according to -time. - -### Reported speech - -Unlike in English and some other languages, tense is not propagated in reported speech. -Instead, the tense is relative to the time spoken. -For example, if John said to Mary "I will meet you at noon" and now -is after that, you would say: - -> -> John-nom.sg Mary-dat.sg say-ind.pst.prf `<sub>` he-nom.sg her-acc.sg meet-ind.pst.prf -> noon-dat.fi.sg -> *John told Mary he would meet her at noon.* - -If the future is indefinite, it will stays in the future, whether the event has -happened or not. - -> -> he-nom.fi.sg believe-ind.pst.cont `<sub>` she-nom.ea.sg back-come-ind.fut.prf, -> that-acc.sg she-nom.ea.sg do.ind.pst.prf -> *He believed she would come back, and she did.* - -### Narration - -Narration is always present tense, even when the story obviously happened in the past. - -## Mood - -- indicative: the action actually occurs -- interrogative: the action is in the question -- imperative: the action is a command -- subjunctive: the action does not happens, and usually used in conditional or wish -- ritual: the action is the intend of the spellcaster - -Ritual mood is also used for cursing and profanity. In such case, the gender -affix is removed so the speaker does not accidentally cast the actual curse. -Because cursing is quite literal for Hàäsdáïga speakers, it is never used in -the same manner as in the modern society. - -## Aspect - -- habitual: the action happens repeatedly in the period of time -- continuous: the action or the state persists over the duration -- perfective: the action happens once and finished diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/semantics/expressions.md b/src/haasdaiga/semantics/expressions.md deleted file mode 100644 index c663f48..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/semantics/expressions.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -# Fixed Expressions - -| Purpose | English | Hàäsdáïga literal translation[^1] | -|-----------|---------|---------------------| -| Greeting | Hello | | -| Apologize | Sorry | I hope that you me.acc forgive.sub.fut | -| Express sympathy | Sorry | | - -[^1]: For the sake of simplicity and generality, only noun cases (if not - nominative) and verb mood (if not indicative) is used. diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/semantics/name.md b/src/haasdaiga/semantics/name.md deleted file mode 100644 index aeb0bff..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/semantics/name.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -# Proper name and translation - -## Given name gender - -As a tradition, ancient Gaidaanan people gave names to newborns based with -gender based on the month of the year, as did people during the story -timeline. This is obvious with Hàäsdáïga month names, but it is not that -transparent to use in our world, which use 12 months in both solar and lunar -calendar (I am not aware of any other calendar system). For that reason, I -propose that we instead decide based on lunar months: - -- Wood if the person is born from month 1-3 -- Fire if the person is born from month 4-6 -- Metal if the person is born from month 7-9 -- Water if the person is born from month 10-12 - -This corresponds to the four seasons. Optionally, people born in month 6 or 7 -can be assigned gender Earth. - -## Family name gender - -Family names usually have meaning. If it is a noun (e.g. Poisson, Rice, Wood, -Pierre, Lagrange, ...) or adjective (Legrand, Leblanc, Weiss), they carry the -same gender as that corresponding noun or verb, even if it is not translated. -If it is a profession, which does not have a default gender, it would -theoretically be the gender of the first person carrying that name. That is -however not feasible, so instead it is associated with the thing that -profession works on. For example, Smith → metal, Gärtner → wood. For names of -unknown origin (Johnson, James, Nguyễn), just choose the first vowel in the -name for gender. - -All family names in Hàäsdáïga are nouns, though most people don't use it. diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/semantics/time.md b/src/haasdaiga/semantics/time.md deleted file mode 100644 index fac4378..0000000 --- a/src/haasdaiga/semantics/time.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Time - -## Months - -In the Gaïdaäna calendar, there are ten months, named after the five phases -and yin-yang: - -- Yang Wood -- Yin Wood -- Yang Fire -- Yin Fire -- Yang Earth -- Yin Earth -- Yang Metal -- Yin Metal -- Yang Water -- Yin Water - -Colloquially, they are also called by number from 1 to 10. diff --git a/src/haasdaiga/writing.md b/src/haasdaiga/writing.md index c765f3e..b2c3d5a 100644 --- a/src/haasdaiga/writing.md +++ b/src/haasdaiga/writing.md @@ -1,102 +1 @@ # Writing system - -The native writing system has not been created yet. - -## Glyph structure - -Each syllable is represented by a glyph with a structure as shown here: - - - -When a component in the syllable is missing, the other components expand to -fill up the gap. Long vowel is represented as a horizontal line in the V2 -position. - -Because it requires more than a font to be able to write these glyphs, I cannot -create a font to represent it. There will be a tool to generate svg/png for -generaating glyphs from a word, however. All text samples in this book will be -romanized, from which you can generate the native scripts. - -## Order - -Hàäsdáïga does not have an alphabetic order. -The alphabet order is used for us to more conveniently list words. -The order for letters with tones is level, falling, and rising. - -## Letters - -Letters used to form glyphs are listed in the table below: - -| Latin | Letter | -|-------|--------| -| a |  | -| b |  | -| c |  | -| ch |  | -| d |  | -| e |  | -| f |  | -| g |  | -| gh |  | -| h |  | -| i |  | -| j |  | -| l |  | -| m |  | -| n |  | -| ng |  | -| nj |  | -| o |  | -| p |  | -| r |  | -| s |  | -| t |  | -| u |  | -| v |  | -| w |  | -| y | (empty) | -| z |  | -| long vowel |  | -| rising tone |  | -| falling tone |  | -| level tone | (empty) | -| glottal stop /ʔ/ |  | -| . |  | -| , |  | -| : |  | -| ! |  | -| ? |  | -| ( or “|  | -| ) or ”|  | - -Punctuation usage: - -- Sentence punctuation `. ! ? :` are put at the beginning of the sentence, - rather than the end. -- Colon is considered a sentence punctuation. It is put at the beginning of - the quoted phrase. -- Comma is used in a similar way as in English. -- Brackets are used for both quotation and explanation. In case of quotation, - there should be a colon preceding the phrase. - -# Input for glyph generation - -While this is not a part of the language, in order to generate native script -with the provided tool, one MUST follow this guideline for writing -romanization, which is not the same as the normal romanization guideline. - -- If there is a tone, the schwa `y` must be explicit. That is, never put the - tone on a consonant. -- The second vowel should not come with the diaresis. -- Long vowel should be represented by a tilde `~` rather than duplicating - vowels. -- Always write syllables separately. For example `càhánzy` (to give) must - be written as `cà hán zy`. -- The glottal stop must be explicit. For example `aäratse` (ash) must be - written as `'a~ rat se`. -- Punctuations should be separated from syllables. -- Spaces should be noted with a hyphen. - -The output may look bad; you can blame my poor drawing skills (I did not align -some of the strokes) and the limitation of technology (the letters are -stretched and therefore the thickness is not consistent). |
